@ ( ( K *ClassTbl* *ClassEntry* *PTABLE* *WINDOWSEG* *ICONRESTAB* *ICONRESSEG* *ICONRES* Background *OBJTABLE* *IDTABLE* *NAMETAB* Rectangle Ellipse RoundedRectangle Polygon IrregularPolygon AngledLine Curve PaintObject Picture Group Stage Button Viewer ComboBox Field RecordField Hotword *RHOTWORD* *TbxBase* ( ewer bxBase* ( bxBase* Globe icon ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~** ~~~~~~~~~~** ~~~~~~~~~~**** ~~~~~~~~~~**** ~~~~~~~~** ~~~~~~~~** ~~~~~~~~~~** ~~~~~~~~~~** ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ &File &Open... Ctrl+O &Save Ctrl+S Save &As... saveas &Import... import &Export... export Print Set&up... printsetup &Print Pages... Ctrl+P printpages Prin&t Report... printreport Send &Mail... sendmail &Run... E&xit Alt+F4 &Edit &Undo Ctrl+Z Cu&t Ctrl+X &Copy Ctrl+C &Paste Ctrl+V paste C&lear Del clear Select &All Shift+F9 selectall Select Pa&ge Shift+F12 selectpage &Size to Page F11 sizetopage F&ind... F5 Re&place... replace Aut&hor F3 author &Text &Character... F6 character &Paragraph... F7 paragraph &Regular Ctrl+Space regular &Bold Ctrl+B &Italic Ctrl+I italic &Underline Ctrl+U underline Stri&keout Ctrl+K strikeout Superscrip&t/Subscript superscriptSubscript &Normal Script normalscript Su&bscript Ctrl+L subscript Su&perscript Ctrl+Shift+L superscript &Show Hotwords F9 showhotwords &Page &Next Alt+Right &Previous Alt+Left previous &First Alt+Up first &Last Alt+Down &Back Shift+F2 &History... Ctrl+F2 history N&ew Page Ctrl+N newpage &Help &Contents F1 contents Status &Bar F12 statusbar undo Ctrl+Z cut Ctrl+X copy Ctrl+C paste Ctrl+V clear Del command Shift+F3 Save Ctrl+S SaveDialog Open Ctrl+O OpenDialog Properties Shift+F6 Properties Preview Dialog Ctrl+W ShowDialog group Ctrl+G group contents F1 contents edit editor F3 Browse ~KvKvK 4OBJECT s_dialogWindow lockScreen sysSuspendMessages = "dlgBox" "dlgInit" buildFrame buildItems FALSE --This handler builds the part s_DialogTemplate ^that has box frame style. buildDialogHeader --calculate , convertint clientSize pixels, Fcaluclating width --because includes Kbut sysPageUnitsPerPixel) frameWidth = pixelsToDlgUnits( cx = cy = fontName ptSize are already they used elsewhere fontPtSize = = 524480 --DS_MODALFRAME + DS_SETFONT + WS_SYSMENU "," & 0 "," & xPos "," & yPos "," & cx "," & cy "," & "," & "," & controls sets up initialValues each , too. buildDialogItems , s_InitialValues ZSTACK objectList, tempControls, ZARRAY STRING CtrlProperties[5] WS_VISIBLECHILD = 1342177280 WS_TABSTOP = 65536 WS_GROUP = 131072 WS_BORDER = 8388608 ObjectList = currentPage )least one CurrentControl been defined, property wsgroup --Step through we find a outside . Use hold without ToolBook "controlProperties" groupObjects = "," & preControl "," & nitems = --Maximum allowable 1> 100 "Only 100 lowed. If you proceed,"&&\ above K101 will be ignored." f"&Continue" "Cancel" --Walk setup strings. currentControl ctrlProperties = pageUnitsToDlgUnits( xSize = ySize = "BUTTON" --Text Caption ctrlText = class = 128 ctrlStyle = begins ends a Fgive -- 9 BS_RADIOBUTTON -- 3 BS_CHECKBOX "pushbutton" -- 1 WS_DEFPUSBUTTON initValue = -- 0 ES_LEFT -- 1 ES_CENTER -- 2 ES_RIGHT fieldType WordWrap -- 4 ES_MULTILINE -- 2097152 WS_VSCROLL H2097152 -- 1048576 WS_HSCROLL H1048576 -- 64 ES_AUTOHSCROLL -- 128 ES_AUTOVSCROLL -- 32 ES_PASSWORD [1] = "iedit" "static" "LISTBOX" --LBS_notify H2097152 [4] = --LBS_SORT [4] = --LBS_MULTIPLESEL [4] = --LBS_EXTENDSEL H2048 "COMBOBOX" + 64 + 2 -- 64 CBS_AUTOHSCROLL -- 2 CBS_DROPDOWN scrollable H2097152 sortItems --CBS_SORT Editable * lineCount dropDownItems "GROUPBOX" [1] c"ICON" H3 --Icon normalGraphic c"BITMAP" "TBKDLGBitmap" ) <> 0 ) - 2 ) <> 0 ) - 2 c"CUSTOM" isType(REAL, bitOR addDialogItem ( [2], , 0, [1], extra ctrlName, ctrlID, , extraBytes, ctrlType, there specified, don't "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & --Bitmaps f"p" picture "b" was taken & "," & "p" & & "," & o(1) "," & "p" & & "," & o(1) --Icons f"h" always & "," & "h" & & "," & o(1) "," & "h" & & "," & o(1) --Custom f"u" userDefined Hcombobox & "," & "u" & & "," & o(1) "," & "u" & & "," & o(1) & "," & & "," & o(1) "," & & "," & o(1) handy savvy users who want their own values, based on those debugging purposes being --written.) buildfromVar pdlgBox, pdlgInit representation specifed --dialogTemplate (See "main" see how converted called following handlers: -- openDialog frameHeight, , xPosition, yPosition eshowing xpos ypos dlgUnitsToPixels( sizeToViewer 4groupItems, dontMakeGroup ctrlProps, dx, dy, cx, cy, ctrlClass ZDWORD controlDefStack C = 2 y = 5 makeLastGroup = inGroup = [groupitems [off description leave just information. --reset array fill bytes editor ] = " have 7 ,!ctrlstyle bitAnd 0x0000000F ) = 7 newObj = drawControl(" , dx, dy,cx,cy) ] = " --It types ~ol(" , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ="ctrlsytle ) = 9 ) = 3 a PUSHBUTTON "DEFPUSHBUTTON ) = 1) ] = 1 removeButtonID("ID_OK") ] = 2 +_CANCEL") getValue( K , "b" & ] = 129 c"EDIT" , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " --Has Vertical ScrollBar ) >= 1 ) EHorizontal ) >= 1 ) --AutoHorizontal 80) >= 1 ) --AutoVertical 40) >= 1 ) --Password 20) >= 1 ) --MulitLine 4) >= 1 ) SingleLineWrap integer only ", "i" & P#,"e" & allignment 2) >= 1 1) >= 1 "STATIC" 3) = 3 , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " j$, "h" & targetBook 8"&"E& oldSys = isObject(IT) , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ) >= 1 2) >= 1 1) >= 1 &,"s" & ] = 131 ] = " l("listbox", dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " --assume single --ExtendSelect 800) >= 1 --MulitSelect B 8) >= 1 --Sort 2) >= 1 ) ',"l" & ] = 133 ] = " , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ) >= 1 ) 256) >= 1 ) editable 1) >= 1 ) (,"c" & ] = " , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ), "p" & ] = " , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ), "h" & , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " toggle = --Check beginning ) >= 1 t. makeGroup -- If w.signifies -- another ='made i = 1 frequently signify --so denoted unless x, y, |/, height ZPOINT upperLeft, lowerRight = dlgUnitsToPageUnits(x, y) s(x + /, y + "TEMP" + 100, - 60 - 150, + 195 label groupboxScript "ToolPalette" "singleSelect" useWindowsColors m.Place Holder" RECTANGLE WHITE icon holder" "DrawItem"&& &&"failed" manage s4grouping tempSel ) < 2 >= "Show Map" o= 17 o= 18 >= "Flag" o= 18 >= "I_" o= 44 "Photo" o= 44 "Movie" o= 44 = True linkDLL "tb40dos.dll" fileExists(STRING) fileexists("Waves\" & x8dot3 & ".WAV") '"Speaker Icon" B"I_Speakr" "No Sound" unlinkDLL " B"I_Show FLag Image" oldBounds = 315,960,5520,3255 J"Entry Requirements" = "" (Text ) <= 2) J"Country Information" = 30,435,5640,6210 = 30,435,5640,3510 num_HumanRights rgbFill B"I_Human / = 175,175,175 / = 255,255,255 num_Economics B"I_Economics" / = 175,175,175 / = 255,255,255 num_Background B"I_Background Notes" / = 175,175,175 7notes" / = 255,255,255 / = 175,175,175 / = 255,255,255 p = Name" = False xName = p & "waves\" & menuItemChecked(" Names" c"Options") playSound( createCDMediaPath linkDLL "tb30DOS. STRING getCDDriveList() FileOnlyList( allCDDrives = cdDrive = checkCDDrive(allCDrives) -- "The CD required -- & " program. Place the CD-ROM "\ -- & "drive now click OK."\ -- f"OK" "QUIT" -- -- It = " -- -- i = 3 "Unable locate CD,"\ & "exiting" <> -1 & ":\movies" currDrive = getFileOnlyList( )& ":\ g","","") c"brazil" 4bbook 40Win.dll" horizontalDisplayRes() !es() > 640 captionBar = "World Factbook 1996 Edition" unlinkDLL "tb40win. = True = False enable "Print Text" 4path defaultPage "Human Rights" = "" "Background Notes" = "" "Economics" = "" "NoEconomics" = "" "NoBackgrounds" = "" "NoHumanRights" = "" "NoFlags" = "" "Photographs" = "" "Big "Movies" = "" "Languages" = "" mmClose PrintText 1440,1440,1440,1440 360,360 printerScaling custom "Country Information,Entry Requirements" 12000 PrintLastImage 4ppage,pbook,pobject dpage = dbook = 8pBook = 9590,6796 'pObject 1440,1440,1440,1440 360,360 12000 printerSize printerLabelWidth ExitApplication exitApplication CopyText "Please some CopyLastImage copyLastImage 8"main.tbk" GoBack goBack MultimediaElements "multimedia" multimediaelements geographicSearch "Geo OutlineSearch WordSearch Credits SpeakCountryNames menuItemChecked(" c"Options") SearchHere x= 0 ("Enter Criteria:" wsearch r= "Cancel" r= Null = "Find Again" x"Not Found" was xfound." -- xScroll = fName -- fieldType = SingleSelect -- -- (keyESC) -- Textline criteria completed." -- -- -- -- -- wSearch && " , find x = 1 searchHere TechnicalSupport :" & CRLF & \ " e-mail: TechSupport@Wayzata- F.com" & " phone: 1(800) 377-7321" & " WWW: http:// Others " Telephone: (218) 326-0597" & " Fax: (218) 326-0598" & " Sales/Customer Service: 1(800) 735-7321" & orizontalDisplayRes Movies Economics NoBackgrounds Languages enterBook leaveBook .'+ + Country Information,Entry Requirements PrintText .'+ + ppage dbook dpage pobject pbook PrintLastImage ExitApplication Please select some text first. CopyText ppage pobject pbook CopyLastImage main.tbk GoBack main.tbk main.tbk multimedia MultimediaElements main.tbk Geo Search geographicSearch main.tbk Out Search OutlineSearch main.tbk Search WordSearch main.tbk Credits Credits Options Speak Country Names SpeakCountryNames .', " Cancel Search criteria completed. wsearch Not Found Search was not found. Find Again Enter Search Criteria: not found found, find again? SearchHere WWW: http://Wayzata-Tech.com Technical Support: e-mail: TechSupport@Wayzata-Tech.com phone: 1(800) 377-7321 TechnicalSupport Fax: (218) 326-0598 WWW: http://Wayzata-Tech.com Sales/Customer Service: 1(800) 735-7321 Telephone: (218) 326-0597 Others 4OBJECT s_dialogWindow lockScreen sysSuspendMessages = "dlgBox" "dlgInit" buildFrame buildItems FALSE --This handler builds the part s_DialogTemplate ^that has box frame style. buildDialogHeader --calculate , convertint clientSize pixels, Fcaluclating width --because includes Kbut sysPageUnitsPerPixel) frameWidth = pixelsToDlgUnits( cx = cy = fontName ptSize are already they used elsewhere fontPtSize = = 524480 --DS_MODALFRAME + DS_SETFONT + WS_SYSMENU "," & 0 "," & xPos "," & yPos "," & cx "," & cy "," & "," & "," & controls sets up initialValues each , too. buildDialogItems , s_InitialValues ZSTACK objectList, tempControls, ZARRAY STRING CtrlProperties[5] WS_VISIBLECHILD = 1342177280 WS_TABSTOP = 65536 WS_GROUP = 131072 WS_BORDER = 8388608 ObjectList = currentPage )least one CurrentControl been defined, property wsgroup --Step through we find a outside . Use hold without ToolBook "controlProperties" groupObjects = "," & preControl "," & nitems = --Maximum allowable 1> 100 "Only 100 lowed. If you proceed,"&&\ above K101 will be ignored." f"&Continue" "Cancel" --Walk setup strings. currentControl ctrlProperties = pageUnitsToDlgUnits( xSize = ySize = "BUTTON" --Text Caption ctrlText = class = 128 ctrlStyle = begins ends a Fgive -- 9 BS_RADIOBUTTON -- 3 BS_CHECKBOX "pushbutton" -- 1 WS_DEFPUSBUTTON initValue = -- 0 ES_LEFT -- 1 ES_CENTER -- 2 ES_RIGHT fieldType WordWrap -- 4 ES_MULTILINE -- 2097152 WS_VSCROLL H2097152 -- 1048576 WS_HSCROLL H1048576 -- 64 ES_AUTOHSCROLL -- 128 ES_AUTOVSCROLL -- 32 ES_PASSWORD [1] = "iedit" "static" "LISTBOX" --LBS_notify H2097152 [4] = --LBS_SORT [4] = --LBS_MULTIPLESEL [4] = --LBS_EXTENDSEL H2048 "COMBOBOX" + 64 + 2 -- 64 CBS_AUTOHSCROLL -- 2 CBS_DROPDOWN scrollable H2097152 sortItems --CBS_SORT Editable * lineCount dropDownItems "GROUPBOX" [1] c"ICON" H3 --Icon normalGraphic c"BITMAP" "TBKDLGBitmap" ) <> 0 ) - 2 ) <> 0 ) - 2 c"CUSTOM" isType(REAL, bitOR addDialogItem ( [2], , 0, [1], extra ctrlName, ctrlID, , extraBytes, ctrlType, there specified, don't "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & "," & --Bitmaps f"p" picture "b" was taken & "," & "p" & & "," & o(1) "," & "p" & & "," & o(1) --Icons f"h" always & "," & "h" & & "," & o(1) "," & "h" & & "," & o(1) --Custom f"u" userDefined Hcombobox & "," & "u" & & "," & o(1) "," & "u" & & "," & o(1) & "," & & "," & o(1) "," & & "," & o(1) handy savvy users who want their own values, based on those debugging purposes being --written.) buildfromVar pdlgBox, pdlgInit representation specifed --dialogTemplate (See "main" see how converted called following handlers: -- openDialog frameHeight, , xPosition, yPosition eshowing xpos ypos dlgUnitsToPixels( sizeToViewer 4groupItems, dontMakeGroup ctrlProps, dx, dy, cx, cy, ctrlClass ZDWORD controlDefStack C = 2 y = 5 makeLastGroup = inGroup = [groupitems [off description leave just information. --reset array fill bytes editor ] = " have 7 ,!ctrlstyle bitAnd 0x0000000F ) = 7 newObj = drawControl(" , dx, dy,cx,cy) ] = " --It types ~ol(" , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ="ctrlsytle ) = 9 ) = 3 a PUSHBUTTON "DEFPUSHBUTTON ) = 1) ] = 1 removeButtonID("ID_OK") ] = 2 +_CANCEL") getValue( K , "b" & ] = 129 c"EDIT" , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " --Has Vertical ScrollBar ) >= 1 ) EHorizontal ) >= 1 ) --AutoHorizontal 80) >= 1 ) --AutoVertical 40) >= 1 ) --Password 20) >= 1 ) --MulitLine 4) >= 1 ) SingleLineWrap integer only ", "i" & P#,"e" & allignment 2) >= 1 1) >= 1 "STATIC" 3) = 3 , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " j$, "h" & targetBook 8"&"E& oldSys = isObject(IT) , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ) >= 1 2) >= 1 1) >= 1 &,"s" & ] = 131 ] = " l("listbox", dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " --assume single --ExtendSelect 800) >= 1 --MulitSelect B 8) >= 1 --Sort 2) >= 1 ) ',"l" & ] = 133 ] = " , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ) >= 1 ) 256) >= 1 ) editable 1) >= 1 ) (,"c" & ] = " , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ), "p" & ] = " , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " ), "h" & , dx, dy, cx, cy) ] = " toggle = --Check beginning ) >= 1 t. makeGroup -- If w.signifies -- another ='made i = 1 frequently signify --so denoted unless x, y, |/, height ZPOINT upperLeft, lowerRight = dlgUnitsToPageUnits(x, y) s(x + /, y + "TEMP" + 100, - 60 - 150, + 195 label groupboxScript "ToolPalette" "singleSelect" useWindowsColors m.Place Holder" RECTANGLE WHITE icon holder" "DrawItem"&& &&"failed" manage s4grouping tempSel ) < 2 >= "Show Map" o= 17 o= 18 >= "Flag" o= 18 >= "I_" o= 44 "Photo" o= 44 "Movie" o= 44 = True linkDLL "tb40dos.dll" fileExists(STRING) fileexists("Waves\" & x8dot3 & ".WAV") '"Speaker Icon" B"I_Speakr" "No Sound" unlinkDLL " B"I_Show FLag Image" oldBounds = 315,960,5520,3255 J"Entry Requirements" = "" (Text ) <= 2) J"Country Information" = 30,435,5640,6210 = 30,435,5640,3510 num_HumanRights rgbFill B"I_Human / = 175,175,175 / = 255,255,255 num_Economics B"I_Economics" / = 175,175,175 / = 255,255,255 num_Background B"I_Background Notes" / = 175,175,175 7notes" / = 255,255,255 / = 175,175,175 / = 255,255,255 p = Name" = False xName = p & "waves\" & menuItemChecked(" Names" c"Options") playSound( createCDMediaPath linkDLL "tb30DOS. STRING getCDDriveList() FileOnlyList( allCDDrives = cdDrive = checkCDDrive(allCDrives) -- "The CD required -- & " program. Place the CD-ROM "\ -- & "drive now click OK."\ -- f"OK" "QUIT" -- -- It = " -- -- i = 3 "Unable locate CD,"\ & "exiting" <> -1 & ":\movies" currDrive = getFileOnlyList( )& ":\ g","","") c"brazil" 40Win.dll" horizontalDisplayRes() !es() > 640 captionBar = "World Factbook 1996 Edition" unlinkDLL "tb40win. = True = False enable "Print Text" 4path defaultPage "Human Rights" = "" "Background Notes" = "" "Economics" = "" "NoEconomics" = "" "NoBackgrounds" = "" "NoHumanRights" = "" "NoFlags" = "" "Photographs" = "" "Big "Movies" = "" "Languages" = "" mmClose PrintText 1440,1440,1440,1440 360,360 printerScaling custom "Country Information,Entry Requirements" 12000 PrintLastImage 4ppage,pbook,pobject dpage = dbook = 8pBook = 9590,6796 'pObject 1440,1440,1440,1440 360,360 12000 printerSize printerLabelWidth ExitApplication exitApplication CopyText "Please some CopyLastImage copyLastImage 8"main.tbk" GoBack goBack MultimediaElements "multimedia" multimediaelements geographicSearch "Geo OutlineSearch WordSearch Credits SpeakCountryNames menuItemChecked(" c"Options") SearchHere x= 0 ("Enter Criteria:" wsearch r= "Cancel" r= Null = "Find Again" x"Not Found" was xfound." -- xScroll = fName -- fieldType = SingleSelect -- -- (keyESC) -- Textline criteria completed." -- -- -- -- -- wSearch && " , find x = 1 searchHere TechnicalSupport :" & CRLF & \ " e-mail: TechSupport@Wayzata- F.com" & " phone: 1(800) 377-7321" & " WWW: http:// Others " Telephone: (218) 326-0597" & " Fax: (218) 326-0598" & " Sales/Customer Service: 1(800) 735-7321" & Brazil Canada egypt french_p germany holy_see jordan kenya mexico new_zeal philippi portugal russia south_a1 south_a2 thailand united_k united_s vietnam zambia brazil.mov razil.mov canada.mov anada.mov egypt.mov egypt.mov french_p.mov nch_p.mo{ germany.mov rmany.mov holy_see.mov y_see.mo# iraq.mov \iraq.mov jordan.mov ordan.mov kenya.mov kenya.mov mexico.mov exico.mov new_zeal.mov _zeal.mo peru.mov \peru.mov philippi.mov lippi.moo portugal.mov tugal.mo russia.mov ussia.mov south_a1.mov th_a1.mok south_a2.mov th_a2.mo thailand.mov iland.mo united_k.mov ted_k.mog united_s.mov ted_s.mo vietnam.mov etnam.mov ZAMBIA.MOV AMBIA.MOV map button Map Image Flag button Flag Image WTI Previous WTI Back WTI Main WTI Languages WTI Print Last Image WTI Print All Text WTI Print Map And Flag WTI Search WTI Next WTI Photos WTI Movies Show Map buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True B"Show Map" = False .', " Show Map buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True '"Map" Flag B"Show = False NoFlags Show Map buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True Flag B"Show Map" = False -- defaultPage "NoFlags" = Show Map buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True '"Map" '"Flag" B"Show = False .'+ +F .'+ +F buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True = False .'+ +F .'+ +F buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True = False .'+ +F .'+ +F main.tbk buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True 8"main.tbk" = False .'+ +F .'+ +F There are no languages available for this country language.tbk Vlanguage Languages buttonUp }ploc language "There are no languages available country" objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True defaultPage "Languages" = .tbk" = False .'+ +F .'+ +F pPage wfb96.tbk pObject Please view an image first. pBook buttonUp buttonClick }ploc 4pPage, pBook, pObject "Please view image objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True x= y= 4.72 * 72 * 15 = 9590,6796 1440,1440,1440,1440 360,360 printerScaling custom printerPageBitmap 8"wfb96.tbk" = False buttonClick .'+ +F .'+ + .'+ + .'+ +F cNumber Country Information, Entry Requirements Country Information Entry Requirements idNumber of this page = buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True J"Entry Requirements" = 10 --Print := "Country Information, cNumber = = " & 12000 False = " & 12000 .'+ +F .'+ + .'+ +F cNumber Show Map idNumber of this page = buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True cNumber = = " & 12000 False printerPageBitmap 1440,1440,1440,1440 360,360 B"Show Map" '"Flag" .'+ +F .'+ +F main.tbk Search buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True "Search" 8"main.tbk" = False .'+ +F .'+ +F buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True = 266 = False buttonDown .'+ +F 1, #> .'+ +F united_s title False lBook Photographs lPage photos.tbk PhotoGraphs united_k xName x8dot3 buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True -- xName = x8dot3 ) = 8 x"united_k" x"united_s" xname = " -- -- lPage = -- lBook = "photos.tbk" -- defaultPage "Photographs" = title "PhotoGraphs" = False c) = rgbFill >= 0,0,0 c) = ) = 8 >= 255,255,255 buttonDown .'+ +F 1, #> .'+ +F movies.tbk title False lBook lPage South_af Movies x8dot3 buttonUp }ploc objectFromPoint(pLoc) = = True -- lPage = x8dot3 xName ?"South_af" -- -- lpage -- -- 3 & ".mov" -- lBook = "movies.tbk" -- defaultPage "Movies" = title = False c) = rgbFill >= 0,0,0 c) = & ". >= 255,255,255 :HDMEDIAPATH System Times New Roman MS Sans Serif Times New Roman author reader Human Rights Background Notes Economics enterBook 4path defaultPage "Human Rights" = "" "Background Notes" = "" "Economics" = "" idNumber of this page = 9 Z:\movies idNumber of this page = 9 @80*4= idNumber of this page = 9 | idNumber of this page = 9 Country Information Entry Requirements page = 9 Z:\movies :CDMEDIAPATH idNumber of this page = 9 idNumber of this page = 9 Times New Roman Z:\movies NoFlags Human Rights NoEconomics NoHumanRights Background Notes Economics NoBackgrounds enterBook 4path defaultPage "Human Rights" = "" "Background Notes" = "" "Economics" = "" "NoEconomics" = "" "NoBackgrounds" = "" "NoHumanRights" = "" "NoFlags" = "" Warning Human Rights Background Notes onomics man Rights Background Notes Warning Warning Economics NoBackgrounds controlProperties Warning NoEconomics controlProperties ge id 200 of Book "E:\96\PHOTOS.TBK" Arabic NoHumanRights controlProperties NoFlags ights Photographs ge id 200 of Book "E:\WFB96\PHOTOS.TBK" ge id 0 of Book "E:\96\LRGTEXT.TBK" controlProperties Harare skyline Zimbabwe *State Dept* ge id 248 of Book "E:\96\LRGTEXT.TBK" of Book "E:\WFB96\MOVIES.TBK" Big Text movies Argentina Economic Information Serbia and Montenegro Human Rights Information Languages Arabic World Factbook 1996 Edition ge id 0 of Book "E:\96\MOVIES.TBK" Brazil United States Country Information ge id 144 of Book "D:\96\BACKGRD.TBK" id 144 of Book "D:\96\BACKGRD.TBK" Mandarin Chinese 8"WFB96. Big Text Country information lrgtext.tbk Entry Requirements xBounds xBounds = xbounds = True J"Country information" 8"lrgtext.tbk" = 0,0, J"Entry Requirements" "Big Text" sizetoPage = False Afghanistan Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights AFGHANIS x8dot3 : THE WORLD FACTBOOK Afghanistan Geography Location: Southern Asia, north of Pakistan Map references: Asia Area: total area: 647,500 sq km land area: 647,500 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas Land boundaries: total 5,529 km, China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: periodic disputes with Iran over Helmand water rights; Iran supports clients in country, private Pakistani and Saudi sources also are active; power struggles among various groups for control of Kabul, regional rivalries among emerging warlords, traditional tribal disputes continue; support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war; border dispute with Pakistan (Durand Line); support to Islamic militants worldwide by some factions Climate: arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers Terrain: mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, talc, barites, sulphur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones Land use: arable land: 12% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 46% forest and woodland: 3% other: 39% Irrigated land: 26,600 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification natural hazards: damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Afghanistan People Population: 21,251,821 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 42% (female 4,342,218; male 4,507,141) 15-64 years: 56% (female 5,406,675; male 6,443,734) 65 years and over: 2% (female 256,443; male 295,610) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 14.47% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 42.69 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 18.53 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 120.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 152.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 45.37 years male: 45.98 years female: 44.72 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.21 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Afghan(s) adjective: Afghan Ethnic divisions: Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Religions: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1% Languages: Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 29% male: 44% female: 14% Labor force: 4.98 million by occupation: agriculture and animal husbandry 67.8%, industry 10.2%, construction 6.3%, commerce 5.0%, services and other 10.7% (1980 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Afghanistan Government Names: conventional long form: Islamic State of Afghanistan conventional short form: Afghanistan local long form: Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan local short form: Afghanestan former: Republic of Afghanistan Digraph: AF Type: transitional government Capital: Kabul Administrative divisions: 30 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Vardak, Zabol note: there may be two new provinces of Nurestan (Nuristan) and Khowst Independence: 19 August 1919 (from UK) National holiday: Victory of the Muslim Nation, 28 April; Remembrance Day for Martyrs and Disabled, 4 May; Independence Day, 19 August Constitution: none Legal system: a new legal system has not been adopted but the transitional government has declared it will follow Islamic law (Shari'a) Suffrage: undetermined; previously males 15-50 years of age, universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Burhanuddin RABBANI (Interim President July-December 1992; President since 2 January 1993); Vice President Mohammad NABI MOHAMMADI (since NA); election last held 31 December 1992 (next to be held NA); results - Burhanuddin RABBANI was elected to a two-year term by a national shura, later amended by multi-party agreement to 18 months; note - in June 1994 failure to agree on a transfer mechanism resulted in RABBANI's extending the term to 28 December 1994; following the expiration of the term and while negotiations on the formation of a new government go on, RABBANI continues in office head of government: Prime Minister Gulbuddin HIKMATYAR (since 17 March 1993); note - Prime Minister HIKMATYAR is the nominal head of government and does not have any real authority; First Deputy Prime Minister Qutbuddin HELAL (since 17 March 1993); Deputy Prime Minister Arsala RAHMANI (since 17 March 1993) cabinet: Council of Ministers THE WORLD FACTBOOK Afghanistan Government note: term of present government expired 28 December 1994; factional fighting since 1 January 1994 has kept government officers from actually occupying ministries and discharging government responsibilities; the government's authority to remove cabinet members, including the Prime Minister, following the expiration of their term is questionable Legislative branch: a unicameral parliament consisting of 205 members was chosen by the shura in January 1993; non-functioning as of June 1993 Judicial branch: an interim Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has been appointed, but a new court system has not yet been organized Political parties and leaders: current political organizations include Jamiat-i-Islami (Islamic Society), Burhanuddin RABBANI, Ahmad Shah MASOOD; Hizbi Islami-Gulbuddin (Islamic Party), Gulbuddin HIKMATYAR faction; Hizbi Islami-Khalis (Islamic Party), Yunis KHALIS faction; Ittihad-i-Islami Barai Azadi Afghanistan (Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan), Abdul Rasul SAYYAF; Harakat-Inqilab-i-Islami (Islamic Revolutionary Movement), Mohammad Nabi MOHAMMADI; Jabha-i-Najat-i-Milli Afghanistan (Afghanistan National Liberation Front), Sibghatullah MOJADDEDI; Mahaz-i-Milli-Islami (National Islamic Front), Sayed Ahamad GAILANI; Hizbi Wahdat-Khalili faction (Islamic Unity Party), Abdul Karim KHALILI; Hizbi Wahdat-Akbari faction (Islamic Unity Party), Mohammad Akbar AKBARI; Harakat-i-Islami (Islamic Movement), Mohammed Asif MOHSENI; Jumbesh-i-Milli Islami (National Islamic Movement), Abdul Rashid DOSTAM; Taliban (Religious Students Movement), Mohammad OMAR note: the former ruling Watan Party has been disbanded Other political or pressure groups: the former resistance commanders are the major power brokers in the countryside and their shuras (councils) are now administering most cities outside Kabul; tribal elders and religious students are trying to wrest control from them; ulema (religious scholars); tribal elders; religious students (talib) Member of: AsDB, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Abdul RAHIM chancery: 2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-3770, 3771 FAX: [1] (202) 328-3516 consulate(s) general: New York consulate(s): Washington, DC US diplomatic representation: none; embassy was closed in January 1989 Flag: NA; note - the flag has changed at least twice since 1992 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Afghanistan Economy Overview: Afghanistan is an extremely poor, landlocked country, highly dependent on farming (wheat especially) and livestock raising (sheep and goats). Economic considerations have played second fiddle to political and military upheavals during more than 15 years of war, including the nearly 10-year Soviet military occupation (which ended 15 February 1989). Over the past decade, one-third of the population fled the country, with Pakistan sheltering more than 3 million refugees and Iran about 3 million. About 1.4 million Afghan refugees remain in Pakistan and about 2 million in Iran. Another 1 million probably moved into and around urban areas within Afghanistan. Although reliable data are unavailable, gross domestic product is lower than 13 years ago because of the loss of labor and capital and the disruption of trade and transport. National product: GDP $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): 56.7% (1991) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $188.2 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems partners: FSU countries, Pakistan, Iran, Germany, India, UK, Belgium, Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia Imports: $616.4 million (c.i.f., 1991) commodities: food and petroleum products; most consumer goods partners: FSU countries, Pakistan, Iran, Japan, Singapore, India, South Korea, Germany External debt: $2.3 billion (March 1991 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (FY90/91 est.); accounts for about 25% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 480,000 kW production: 550 million kWh consumption per capita: 39 kWh (1993) Industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, and cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, oil, coal, copper Agriculture: largely subsistence farming and nomadic animal husbandry; cash products - wheat, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts, wool, mutton THE WORLD FACTBOOK Afghanistan Economy Illicit drugs: an illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade; world's second-largest opium producer after Burma (950 metric tons in 1994) and a major source of hashish Economic aid: recipient: $450 million US assistance provided 1985-1993; the UN provides assistance in the form of food aid, immunization, land mine removal, and a wide range of aid to refugees and displaced persons Currency: 1 afghani (AF) = 100 puls Exchange rates: afghanis (Af) per US$1 - 1,900 (January 1994), 1,019 (March 1993), 850 (1991), 700 (1989-90), 220 (1988-89); note - these rates reflect the free market exchange rates rather than the official exchange rates Fiscal year: 21 March - 20 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Afghanistan Transportation Railroads: total: 24.6 km broad gauge: 9.6 km 1.524-m gauge from Gushgy (Turkmenistan) to Towraghondi; 15 km 1,524-m gauge from Termiz (Uzbekistan) to Kheyrabad transshipment point on south bank of Amu Darya Highways: total: 21,000 km paved: 2,800 km unpaved: gravel 1,650 km; earth 16,550 km (1984) Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to about 500 metric tons Pipelines: petroleum products - Uzbekistan to Bagram and Turkmenistan to Shindand; natural gas 180 km Ports: Keleft, Kheyrabad, Shir Khan Airports: total: 48 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 15 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 14 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 6 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Afghanistan Communications Telephone system: 31,200 telephones; limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; 1 public telephone in Kabul local: NA intercity: NA international: one link between western Afghanistan and Iran (via satellite) Radio: broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 0, shortwave 2 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: several television stations run by factions and local councils which provide intermittent service televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Afghanistan Defense Forces Branches: the military still does not exist on a national scale; some elements of the former Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Border Guard Forces, National Police Force (Sarandoi), and tribal militias still exist but are factionalized among the various mujahedin and former regime leaders Manpower availability: males age 15-49 5,646,789; males fit for military service 3,011,777; males reach military age (22) annually 200,264 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $450 million, 15% of GDP (1990 est.); the new government has not yet adopted a defense budget AFGHANISTAN - Passport and visa required.No tourist or business visas are being issued at this time. For further information contact Embassy of the Republic of Afghanistan, 2341 Wyoming Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/234-3770/1). Afghanistan - Travel Warning January 12, 1994 The Department of State warns all U.S. citizens against travel to Afghanistan. Fighting continues between opposing factions in the civil war and indiscriminate rocket attacks, aerial bombardments, and other violence can occur without warning. Land mines are prevalent throughout the countryside. Westerners are vulnerable to politically and criminally- motivated attacks, including robbery, kidnapping and hostage-taking. All U.S. personnel at the U.S. Embassy in Kabul were evacuated on January 31, 1989, and no other diplomatic mission represents U.S. interests or provides consular services. No. 94-002 This replaces the Department of State Travel Warning of February 12, 1993, to add information on dangers due to fighting between opposing factions in the civil war. Afghanistan - Consular Information Sheet January 19, 1994 Warning: The Department of State warns all U.S. citizens against travel to Afghanistan. Fighting continues between opposing factions in the civil war and indiscriminate rocket attacks, aerial bombardments, and other violence can occur without warning. Land mines are prevalent throughout the countryside. Westerners are vulnerable to politically and criminally- motivated attacks, including robbery, kidnapping and hostage-taking. All U.S. personnel at the U.S. Embassy in Kabul were evacuated on January 31, 1989, and no other diplomatic mission represents U.S. interests or provides consular services. Country Description: Afghanistan is a developing, Islamic country trying to emerge from a long period of civil war. Tourism facilities are minimal. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. For further information, the traveler can contact the Embassy of the Republic of Afghanistan, 2341 Wyoming Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 234-3770/1. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. For further information, the traveler can contact the centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Areas of Instability: Significant military encounters, including artillery shelling, occur sporadically and unpredictably in Kabul and elsewhere in Afghanistan. Information on Crime: Politically and criminally-motivated attacks and violence, including robbery, kidnapping and hostage-taking are widespread. Petty crime also exists. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to South Asia." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict in Afghanistan and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at U.S. Embassies in Pakistan, India, Tajikistan, or Uzbekistan can obtain updated information on security in Afghanistan. Embassy Location: Because no third country represents United States interest in Afghanistan, the United States Government is unable to accord normal consular protective services to U.S..citizens in Afghanistan. The nearest U.S. embassies and consulates are in Pakistan and Tajikistan. The telephone number for the U.S. Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan is (92-51)826- 161 through 826-179. In Peshawar, Pakistan, the U.S. Consulate telephone is (92-521) 279-801/2/3. The telephone number for the U.S. Embassy in Tashkent, Uzbekistan is (7- 3712) 771-407. In Dushanbe, Tajikistan, the phone number of the U.S. Embassy is (7-3772)21- 0356/0360/0457. 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#{#{#{#{# {#{#{#{# AXdZdZd$ Albania dV_dc Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ALBANIA x8dot3 [7[7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania Geography Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe Area: total area: 28,750 sq km land area: 27,400 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland Land boundaries: total 720 km, Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km (114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro) Coastline: 362 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: the Albanian Government supports protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside of its borders; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic; Albanians in Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public sector jobs and representation in government; Albania is involved in a bilaterlal dispute with Greece over border demarcation, the treatment of Albania's ethnic Greek minority, and migrant Albanian workers in Greece Climate: mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter Terrain: mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel Land use: arable land: 21% permanent crops: 4% meadows and pastures: 15% forest and woodland: 38% other: 22% Irrigated land: 4,230 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents natural hazards: destructive earthquakes; tsunami occur along southwestern coast international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania Geography Note: strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania People Population: 3,413,904 (July 1995 est.) note: IMF, working with Albanian government figures, estimates the population at 3,120,000 in 1993 and that the population has fallen since 1990 Age structure: 0-14 years: 32% (female 520,186; male 563,953) 15-64 years: 62% (female 1,026,321; male 1,104,371) 65 years and over: 6% (female 112,252; male 86,821) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.16% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 21.7 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.22 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -4.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 28.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.81 years male: 70.83 years female: 77.02 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.71 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Albanian(s) adjective: Albanian Ethnic divisions: Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2% (Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians) (1989 est.) Religions: Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% note: all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice Languages: Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek Literacy: age 9 and over can read and write (1955) total population: 72% male: 80% female: 63% Labor force: 1.5 million (1987) by occupation: agriculture 60%, industry and commerce 40% (1986) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Albania conventional short form: Albania local long form: Republika e Shqiperise local short form: Shqiperia former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Digraph: AL Type: emerging democracy Capital: Tirane Administrative divisions: 26 districts (rrethe, singular - rreth); Berat, Dibre, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Gramsh, Kolonje, Korce, Kruje, Kukes, Lezhe, Librazhd, Lushnje, Mat, Mirdite, Permet, Pogradec, Puke, Sarande, Shkoder, Skrapar, Tepelene, Tirane, Tropoje, Vlore Independence: 28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire) National holiday: Independence Day, 28 November (1912) Constitution: an interim basic law was approved by the People's Assembly on 29 April 1991; a draft constitution was rejected by popular referendum in the fall of 1994 and a new draft is pending Legal system: has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state: President of the Republic Sali BERISHA (since 9 April 1992) head of government: Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Aleksander Gabriel MEKSI (since 10 April 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral People's Assembly (Kuvendi Popullor): elections last held 22 March 1992; results - DP 62.29%, ASP 25.57%, SDP 4.33%, RP 3.15%, UHP 2.92%, other 1.74%; seats - (140 total) DP 92, ASP 38, SDP 7, RP 1, UHP 2 note: 6 members of the Democratic Party defected making the present seating in the Assembly DP 86, ASP 38, SDP 7, DAP 6, RP 1, UHP 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania Government Political parties and leaders: there are at least 28 political parties; most prominent are the Albanian Socialist Party (ASP; formerly the Albania Workers Party), Fatos NANO, first secretary; Democratic Party (DP); Albanian Republican Party (RP), Sabri GODO; Omonia (Greek minority party), Sotir QIRJAZATI, first secretary; Social Democratic Party (SDP), Skender GJINUSHI; Democratic Alliance Party (DAP), Neritan CEKA, chairman; Unity for Human Rights Party (UHP), Vasil MELO, chairman; Ecology Party (EP), Namik HOTI, chairman Member of: BSEC, CCC, CE (guest), EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Lublin Hasan DILJA chancery: Suite 1010, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 223-4942, 8187 FAX: [1] (202) 628-7342 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph E. LAKE embassy: Rruga E. Elbansanit 103, Tirane mailing address: PSC 59, Box 100 (A), APO AE 09624 telephone: [355] (42) 328-75, 335-20 FAX: [355] (42) 322-22 Flag: red with a black two-headed eagle in the center THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania Economy Overview: An extremely poor country by European standards, Albania is making the difficult transition to a more open-market economy. The economy rebounded in 1993-94 after a severe depression accompanying the collapse of the previous centrally planned system in 1990 and 1991. Stabilization policies - including a strict monetary policy, public sector layoffs, and reduced social services - have improved the government's fiscal situation and reduced inflation. The recovery was spurred by the remittances of some 20% of the population which works abroad, mostly in Greece and Italy. These remittances supplement GDP and help offset the large foreign trade deficit. Foreign assistance and humanitarian aid also supported the recovery. Most agricultural land was privatized in 1992, substantially improving peasant incomes. Albania's limited industrial sector, now less than one-sixth of GDP, continued to decline in 1994. A sharp fall in chromium prices reduced hard currency receipts from the mining sector. Large segments of the population, especially those living in urban areas, continue to depend on humanitarian aid to meet basic food requirements. Unemployment remains a severe problem accounting for approximately one-fifth of the work force. Growth is expected to continue in 1995, but could falter if Albania becomes involved in the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, workers' remittances from Greece are reduced, or foreign assistance declines. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 11% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,110 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 16% (1994) Unemployment rate: 18% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $1.1 billion expenditures: $1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $70 million (1991 est.) Exports: $112 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: asphalt, metals and metallic ores, electricity, crude oil, vegetables, fruits, tobacco partners: Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary Imports: $621 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: machinery, consumer goods, grains partners: Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece External debt: $920 million (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -10% (1993 est.); accounts for 16% of GDP (1993 est.) Electricity: capacity: 770,000 kW THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania Economy production: 4 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,200 kWh (1994) Industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower Agriculture: accounts for 55% of GDP; arable land per capita among lowest in Europe; 80% of arable land now in private hands; 60% of the work force engaged in farming; produces wide range of temperate-zone crops and livestock Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium production Economic aid: recipient: $303 million (1993) Currency: 1 lek (L) = 100 qintars Exchange rates: leke (L) per US$1 - 100 (January 1995), 99 (January 1994), 97 (January 1993), 50 (January 1992), 25 (September 1991) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania Transportation Railroads: total: 543 km line connecting Podgorica (Serbia and Montenegro) and Shkoder completed August 1986 standard gauge: 509 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 34 km 0.950-m gauge (1990) Highways: total: 18,450 km paved: 17,450 km unpaved: earth 1,000 km (1991) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1990) Pipelines: crude oil 145 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural gas 64 km (1991) Ports: Durres, Sarande, Shergjin, Vlore Merchant marine: total: 11 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 52,967 GRT/76,887 DWT Airports: 11 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania Communications Telephone system: about 55,000 telephones; about 15 telephones/1,000 persons local: primitive; about 11,000 telephones in Tirane, the capital city intercity: obsolete wire system; no longer provides a telephone for every village; in 1992, following the fall of the communist government, peasants cut the wire to about 1,000 villages and used it to build fences international: inadequate; carried through the Tirane exchange and transmitted through Italy on 240 microwave radio relay circuits and through Greece on 150 microwave radio relay circuits Radio: broadcast stations: AM 17, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: 515,000 (1987 est.) Television: broadcast stations: 9 televisions: 255,000 (1987 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Albania Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards Manpower availability: males age 15-49 919,085; males fit for military service 755,574; males reach military age (19) annually 33,323 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 330 million leke, NA% of GNP (1993); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results ALBANIA - Passport required. For further information contact the Embassy of the Republic of Albania at 1150 18th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 (202/223-4942). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Albania ============================================================ Albania - Consular Information Sheet August 18, 1995 Country Description: Albania has undergone profound political change and continues to see significant economic change. Facilities for tourism are not well developed, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other European countries are not yet available. Hotel accommodations are limited outside of Tirana. Entry Requirements: A passport is required but a visa is not necessary for a tourist stay of up to 30 days. An extension may be granted by applying at the local police station. A tax is levied upon departure. Americans planning to travel to Albania may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Albania at 1150 18th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, tel: (202) 223-4942, for additional visa information. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited and medicine is in short supply. Doctors and hospitals generally expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage is useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Albania has a relatively low rate of violent crime. However, street crime is common and occurs against tourists both day and night. Crime is generally directed at targets of opportunity, not at Americans in particular. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. It provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Currency Regulations: Credit cards and traveler's checks are not accepted in Albania except at the major new hotels in Tirana. Personal checks are not accepted anywhere. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use and dealing of illegal drugs are severe, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens may register at the U.S. Embassy and obtain updated information on travel and security within Albania. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Tirana, Albania is located at Rruga E Elbasanit 103; Telephone (355-42) 32875. No. 95-095 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 26, 1994, to delete information on adoptions, add currency information and update information on crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Albania ============================================================ Albania - Consular Information Sheet August 18, 1995 Country Description: Albania has undergone profound political change and continues to see significant economic change. Facilities for tourism are not well developed, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other European countries are not yet available. Hotel accommodations are limited outside of Tirana. Entry Requirements: A passport is required but a visa is not necessary for a tourist stay of up to 30 days. An extension may be granted by applying at the local police station. A tax is levied upon departure. Americans planning to travel to Albania may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Albania at 1150 18th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, tel: (202) 223-4942, for additional visa information. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited and medicine is in short supply. Doctors and hospitals generally expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage is useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Albania has a relatively low rate of violent crime. However, street crime is common and occurs against tourists both day and night. Crime is generally directed at targets of opportunity, not at Americans in particular. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. It provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Currency Regulations: Credit cards and traveler's checks are not accepted in Albania except at the major new hotels in Tirana. Personal checks are not accepted anywhere. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use and dealing of illegal drugs are severe, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens may register at the U.S. Embassy and obtain updated information on travel and security within Albania. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Tirana, Albania is located at Rruga E Elbasanit 103; Telephone (355-42) 32875. No. 95-095 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 26, 1994, to delete information on adoptions, add currency information and update information on crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. 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Environment: current issues: soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water natural hazards: mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides THE WORLD FACTBOOK Algeria Geography international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban Note: second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Algeria People Population: 28,539,321 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 41% (female 5,678,879; male 5,885,246) 15-64 years: 56% (female 7,887,885; male 8,033,508) 65 years and over: 3% (female 557,636; male 496,167) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.25% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 29.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.05 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 50.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.01 years male: 66.94 years female: 69.13 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.7 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Algerian(s) adjective: Algerian Ethnic divisions: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Religions: Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1% Languages: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 57% male: 70% female: 46% Labor force: 6.2 million (1992 est.) by occupation: government 29.5%, agriculture 22%, construction and public works 16.2%, industry 13.6%, commerce and services 13.5%, transportation and communication 5.2% (1989) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Algeria Government Names: conventional long form: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria conventional short form: Algeria local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Shabiyah local short form: Al Jaza'ir Digraph: AG Type: republic Capital: Algiers Administrative divisions: 48 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen Independence: 5 July 1962 (from France) National holiday: Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 November (1954) Constitution: 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988 and 23 February 1989 Legal system: socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Lamine ZEROUAL (since 31 January 1994); next election to be held by the end of 1995 head of government: Prime Minister Mokdad SIFI (since 11 April 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral; note - suspended since 1992 National People's Assembly (Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani): elections first round held on 26 December 1991 (second round canceled by the military after President BENDJEDID resigned 11 January 1992, effectively suspending the Assembly); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (281 total); the fundamentalist FIS won 188 of the 231 seats contested in the first round; note - elections (provincial and municipal) were held in June 1990, the first in Algerian history; results - FIS 55%, FLN 27.5%, other 17.5%, with 65% of the voters participating Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Algeria Government Political parties and leaders: Islamic Salvation Front (FIS, outlawed April 1992), Ali BELHADJ, Dr. Abassi MADANI, Abdelkader HACHANI (all under arrest), Rabeh KEBIR (self-exile in Germany); National Liberation Front (FLN), Abdelhamid MEHRI, Secretary General; Socialist Forces Front (FFS), Hocine Ait AHMED, Secretary General note: the government established a multiparty system in September 1989 and, as of 31 December 1990, over 50 legal parties existed Member of: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Osmane BENCHERIF chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Ronald E. NEUMANN embassy: 4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, Algiers mailing address: B. P. Box 549, Alger-Gare, 16000 Algiers telephone: [213] (2) 69-11-86, 69-18-54, 69-38-75 FAX: [213] (2) 69-39-79 consulate(s): none (Oran closed June 1993) Flag: two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star within a red crescent; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Algeria Economy Overview: The hydrocarbons sector is the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 57% of government revenues, 25% of GDP, and almost all export earnings; Algeria has the fifth largest reserves of natural gas in the world and ranks fourteenth for oil. Algiers' efforts to reform one of the most centrally planned economies in the Arab world began after the 1986 collapse of world oil prices plunged the country into a severe recession. In 1989, the government launched a comprehensive, IMF-supported program to achieve macroeconomic stabilization and to introduce market mechanisms into the economy. Despite substantial progress toward macroeconomic adjustment, in 1992 the reform drive stalled as Algiers became embroiled in political turmoil. In September 1993, a new government was formed, and one priority was the resumption and acceleration of the structural adjustment process. Buffeted by the slump in world oil prices and burdened with a heavy foreign debt, Algiers concluded a one-year standby arrangement with the IMF in April 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $97.1 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,480 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 30% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 30% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $14.3 billion expenditures: $17.9 billion (1995 est.) Exports: $9.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: petroleum and natural gas 97% partners: Italy 21%, France 16%, US 14%, Germany 13%, Spain 9% Imports: $9.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: capital goods 39.7%, food and beverages 21.7%, consumer goods 11.8% (1990) partners: France 29%, Italy 14%, Spain 9%, US 9%, Germany 7% External debt: $26 billion (1994) Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for 35% of GDP (including hydrocarbons) Electricity: capacity: 5,370,000 kW production: 18.3 billion kWh consumption per capita: 587 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing THE WORLD FACTBOOK Algeria Economy Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP (1993) and employs 22% of labor force; products- wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits, sheep, cattle; net importer of food - grain, vegetable oil, sugar Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-85), $1.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $925 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $1.8 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.7 billion; net official disbursements (1985-89), $375 million Currency: 1 Algerian dinar (DA) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Algerian dinars (DA) per US$1 - 42.710 (January 1995), 35.059 (1994), 23.345 (1993), 21.836 (1992), 18.473 (1991), 8.958 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Algeria Transportation Railroads: total: 4,733 km standard gauge: 3,576 km 1.435-m gauge (299 km electrified; 215 km double track) narrow gauge: 1,157 km 1.055-m gauge Highways: total: 95,576 km paved: concrete, bituminous 57,346 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, earth 38,230 km Pipelines: crude oil 6,612 km; petroleum products 298 km; natural gas 2,948 km Ports: Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene, Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes Merchant marine: total: 75 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 903,179 GRT/1,064,211 DWT ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 27, chemical tanker 7, liquefied gas tanker 9, oil tanker 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 12, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 1 Airports: total: 139 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 9 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 23 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 with paved runways under 914 m: 20 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 24 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 41 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Algeria Communications Telephone system: 822,000 telephones; excellent domestic and international service in the north, sparse in the south local: NA intercity: 12 domestic satellite links; 20 additional satellite links are planned international: 5 submarine cables; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik, 1 ARABSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 26, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: 5.2 million Television: broadcast stations: 18 televisions: 1.6 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Algeria Defense Forces Branches: National Popular Army, Navy, Air Force, Territorial Air Defense, National Gendarmerie Manpower availability: males age 15-49 7,124,894; males fit for military service 4,373,272; males reach military age (19) annually 313,707 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.3 billion, 2.7% of GDP (1994) ~S~SALGERIA - Passport and visa required. Obtain visa before arrival. Visa valid up to 90 days, requires 2 application forms, 2 photos, proof of onward/return transportation, sufficient funds and $22 fee (money order or certified check). Company letter (+ 1 copy) required for business visa. Visa not granted to passports showing Israeli visas. Enclose prepaid self-addressed envelope for return of passport by registered, certified or express mail. For currency regulations and other information contact the Consular Section of the Embassy of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, 2137 Wyoming Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/265-2800). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Algeria ============================================================ Algeria - Travel Warning May 22, 1995 The United States Department of State warns U.S. citizens to avoid travel to Algeria. The Department recommends that those Americans who choose to be in Algeria despite this warning have substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites or in their accommodations; other Americans in Algeria should depart. Armed protection is not a guarantee of safety. Continuing attacks against foreigners indicate that the level of risk in Algeria is extremely high. The U.S. Embassy in Algiers also specifically identifies ports and airline terminals as terrorist targets and warns against traveling on regularly scheduled commercial transports. Embassy personnel have suspended their use of regularly scheduled commercial flights. American citizens who remain in Algeria despite this warning are urged to exercise extreme caution and to evaluate regularly their personal security practices. No. 95-016 This replaces the Travel Warning issued February 1,1995, to warn Americans in Algeria whose circumstances do not afford them substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites, or in their accommodations that they should leave Algeria. Algeria - Consular Information Sheet September 15, 1995 Warning: The United States Department of State warns U.S. citizens to avoid travel to Algeria. The Department recommends that those Americans who choose to be in Algeria despite this warning have substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites or in their accommodations; other Americans in Algeria should depart. Armed protection is not a guarantee of safety. Continuing attacks against foreigners indicate that the level of risk in Algeria is extremely high. the U.S. Embassy in Algiers also specifically identifies ports and airline terminals as terrorist targets and warns against traveling on regularly scheduled commercial transport. Embassy personnel have suspended their use of regularly scheduled commercial flights. American citizens who remain in Algeria despite this warning are urged to exercise maximum caution and to evaluate regularly their personal security practices. For more detailed information please see paragraphs four and five below. Country Description: Algeria is a republic with a developing economy. Facilities for travelers are widely available, but sometimes limited in quality. The workweek in Algeria is Saturday through Wednesday. Entry Requirements: Passports and visas are required for U.S. citizens traveling to Algeria. Algeria does not give visas to persons whose passports indicate travel to Israel. For more information concerning entry requirements, travelers may contact the Embassy of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria at 2137 Wyoming Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 265-2800. Areas of Instability: Political, social, and economic problems have created a climate of violent unrest in Algeria. A state of emergency has been in effect since early 1992. Since September 1993, a terrorist campaign against foreigners has resulted in the deaths of dozens of foreigners. Assassinations of Algerian intellectuals, government officials, journalists, and military officers occur frequently. Sporadic bombings, gun battles between government forces and insurgents, and other violence occurs almost daily. Currently, Algerian military and other security personnel are unable to offer adequate protection. The government of Algeria has imposed a rigorously enforced late-night curfew in the central region around Algiers. Roadblocks are located at many major intersections. Security personnel at roadblocks and intersections expect full cooperation with their instructions. In response, terrorist groups have set up false roadblocks as ambushes. Numerous incidents of banditry and assault involving foreigners have been reported in the far southern region of Algeria near the border with Niger. Bandits have robbed, assaulted, kidnapped, and killed travelers in Algeria south of Tamanrasset. Travel overland is considered to be treacherous and Algerian military have indicated an unwillingness to offer protection because they feel there is a security risk. The Department of State recommends that American citizens in Algeria have substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites or in their accommodations. Terrorist Activities: Over one hundred foreigners have been kidnapped and murdered since September 1993, sometimes in assaults involving dozens of attackers. For example, a terrorist attack at a pipeline facility located approximately 200 miles south of Algiers resulted in the death of 5 expatriates. None of these individuals were American citizens. Nonetheless, terrorists have threatened to kill all foreigners who do not leave Algeria. In response to these threats, the U.S. Embassy in Algiers has substantially reduced the number of u.s. government personnel in Algeria. Dependents of U.S. Government personnel may not accompany employees to Algeria. Travel overland in Algeria is considered to be dangerous because the government of Algeria is reluctant to provide security based on their assessment of the risk to Algerian personnel. An Air France flight was hijacked at Algiers Airport on December 24, 1994 by heavily armed terrorists who threatened to blow up the aircraft. The U.S. Embassy at Algiers has identified ports and airline terminals as terrorist targets and warns against traveling on regularly scheduled commercial transport. In addition, Embassy personnel have suspended their use of regularly scheduled commercial flights. Medical Facilities: Hospitals and clinics in Algeria are available, but limited in quality. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control, telephone [404] 332-4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: The crime rate in Algeria is moderately high, and is increasing. Very serious crimes have been reported in which armed men posing as police have entered homes of foreigners, held the occupants at gunpoint, and robbed them. Armed carjacking is also a serious problem. Petty theft and home burglary occur frequently. Theft of contents and parts from parked cars, pickpocketing and other theft on trains and buses, theft of anything left in a hotel room, and purse snatching are common. Most residences of foreigners are protected by alarms, grills, watchdogs, and/or guards. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Travelers checks and credit cards are acceptable in only a few establishments in urban areas. Currently, the Government of Algeria requires all foreigners entering the country to exchange $200 into local currency. Documentary proof of legal exchange of currency is needed when departing Algeria. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are severe, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Algeria is located at 4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, B.P. 549 (Alger-gare) 16000, in the capital city of Algiers. The telephone number is (213-2) 691-425/255/186. The former U.S. Consulate in Oran is closed. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy may be enrolled in the Embassy's emergency alert network, and can obtain updated information on travel and security within Algeria. No. 95-114 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 13, 1995, to include information contained in the Travel Warning dated May 25, 1995, to recommend that Americans who choose to remain in Algeria despite the travel warning have substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites or in their accommodations; to note that other Americans in Algeria should depart; and to warn that armed protection is not a guarantee of safety. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Algeria ============================================================ Algeria - Public Announcement August 5, 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release On August 5, the U.S. Embassy in Algiers issued the following security advisory to Americans in Algeria: The August 3 attempted car bomb attack against the guarded French residential compound at Ain Allah resulted in the death of five Frenchmen, including three French security officials. The U.S. Embassy believes that this attack demonstrates that the security situation for the foreign community has deteriorated further. As a consequence, the U.S. Embassy is reevaluating its security measures. We urge American citizens and companies to do so as well in order to take into account this development. The U.S. Embassy also reminds all Americans that the State Department's Travel Warning for Algeria recommends that Americans in Algeria whose circumstances do not offer effective protection depart Algeria. ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Algeria ============================================================ Algeria - Travel Warning May 22, 1995 The United States Department of State warns U.S. citizens to avoid travel to Algeria. The Department recommends that those Americans who choose to be in Algeria despite this warning have substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites or in their accommodations; other Americans in Algeria should depart. Armed protection is not a guarantee of safety. Continuing attacks against foreigners indicate that the level of risk in Algeria is extremely high. The U.S. Embassy in Algiers also specifically identifies ports and airline terminals as terrorist targets and warns against traveling on regularly scheduled commercial transports. Embassy personnel have suspended their use of regularly scheduled commercial flights. American citizens who remain in Algeria despite this warning are urged to exercise extreme caution and to evaluate regularly their personal security practices. No. 95-016 This replaces the Travel Warning issued February 1,1995, to warn Americans in Algeria whose circumstances do not afford them substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites, or in their accommodations that they should leave Algeria. Algeria - Consular Information Sheet September 15, 1995 Warning: The United States Department of State warns U.S. citizens to avoid travel to Algeria. The Department recommends that those Americans who choose to be in Algeria despite this warning have substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites or in their accommodations; other Americans in Algeria should depart. Armed protection is not a guarantee of safety. Continuing attacks against foreigners indicate that the level of risk in Algeria is extremely high. the U.S. Embassy in Algiers also specifically identifies ports and airline terminals as terrorist targets and warns against traveling on regularly scheduled commercial transport. Embassy personnel have suspended their use of regularly scheduled commercial flights. American citizens who remain in Algeria despite this warning are urged to exercise maximum caution and to evaluate regularly their personal security practices. For more detailed information please see paragraphs four and five below. Country Description: Algeria is a republic with a developing economy. Facilities for travelers are widely available, but sometimes limited in quality. The workweek in Algeria is Saturday through Wednesday. Entry Requirements: Passports and visas are required for U.S. citizens traveling to Algeria. Algeria does not give visas to persons whose passports indicate travel to Israel. For more information concerning entry requirements, travelers may contact the Embassy of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria at 2137 Wyoming Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 265-2800. Areas of Instability: Political, social, and economic problems have created a climate of violent unrest in Algeria. A state of emergency has been in effect since early 1992. Since September 1993, a terrorist campaign against foreigners has resulted in the deaths of dozens of foreigners. Assassinations of Algerian intellectuals, government officials, journalists, and military officers occur frequently. Sporadic bombings, gun battles between government forces and insurgents, and other violence occurs almost daily. Currently, Algerian military and other security personnel are unable to offer adequate protection. The government of Algeria has imposed a rigorously enforced late-night curfew in the central region around Algiers. Roadblocks are located at many major intersections. Security personnel at roadblocks and intersections expect full cooperation with their instructions. In response, terrorist groups have set up false roadblocks as ambushes. Numerous incidents of banditry and assault involving foreigners have been reported in the far southern region of Algeria near the border with Niger. Bandits have robbed, assaulted, kidnapped, and killed travelers in Algeria south of Tamanrasset. Travel overland is considered to be treacherous and Algerian military have indicated an unwillingness to offer protection because they feel there is a security risk. The Department of State recommends that American citizens in Algeria have substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites or in their accommodations. Terrorist Activities: Over one hundred foreigners have been kidnapped and murdered since September 1993, sometimes in assaults involving dozens of attackers. For example, a terrorist attack at a pipeline facility located approximately 200 miles south of Algiers resulted in the death of 5 expatriates. None of these individuals were American citizens. Nonetheless, terrorists have threatened to kill all foreigners who do not leave Algeria. In response to these threats, the U.S. Embassy in Algiers has substantially reduced the number of u.s. government personnel in Algeria. Dependents of U.S. Government personnel may not accompany employees to Algeria. Travel overland in Algeria is considered to be dangerous because the government of Algeria is reluctant to provide security based on their assessment of the risk to Algerian personnel. An Air France flight was hijacked at Algiers Airport on December 24, 1994 by heavily armed terrorists who threatened to blow up the aircraft. The U.S. Embassy at Algiers has identified ports and airline terminals as terrorist targets and warns against traveling on regularly scheduled commercial transport. In addition, Embassy personnel have suspended their use of regularly scheduled commercial flights. Medical Facilities: Hospitals and clinics in Algeria are available, but limited in quality. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control, telephone [404] 332-4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: The crime rate in Algeria is moderately high, and is increasing. Very serious crimes have been reported in which armed men posing as police have entered homes of foreigners, held the occupants at gunpoint, and robbed them. Armed carjacking is also a serious problem. Petty theft and home burglary occur frequently. Theft of contents and parts from parked cars, pickpocketing and other theft on trains and buses, theft of anything left in a hotel room, and purse snatching are common. Most residences of foreigners are protected by alarms, grills, watchdogs, and/or guards. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Travelers checks and credit cards are acceptable in only a few establishments in urban areas. Currently, the Government of Algeria requires all foreigners entering the country to exchange $200 into local currency. Documentary proof of legal exchange of currency is needed when departing Algeria. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are severe, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Algeria is located at 4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, B.P. 549 (Alger-gare) 16000, in the capital city of Algiers. The telephone number is (213-2) 691-425/255/186. The former U.S. Consulate in Oran is closed. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy may be enrolled in the Embassy's emergency alert network, and can obtain updated information on travel and security within Algeria. No. 95-114 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 13, 1995, to include information contained in the Travel Warning dated May 25, 1995, to recommend that Americans who choose to remain in Algeria despite the travel warning have substantial armed protection while traveling overland, on their work sites or in their accommodations; to note that other Americans in Algeria should depart; and to warn that armed protection is not a guarantee of safety. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 ";O<2 ;B"C2 ;0O"4 0;JJ0;8 %2""2%%2" %O%,[%O %,"%[% [,[,%,[ %,[,% %%,%[%"% %%"?" O";BJJ J"OO0O; ;JOOJ;O;J ;JJ;JO;" J0JJO J2J2J2 2B2B2B2B2B 2B2B2B2B2B 2B22OJ+ BOOJOJOJO OJOJJOJOJO JOJOJOJOJO JOJOJOJOJO 6p6p6p 6p6p6p6p6p 6p6p6p6p6p JJ1`; ,[%[, [,%2%,% ?#?#? ?%?"# ##%%??%% 0;2;OO2 %,%[,[ [%"[[ %%?%# %%?""%?" 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Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 3.82% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 36.21 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 18.78 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.91 years male: 71.03 years female: 74.85 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.3 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: American Samoan(s) adjective: American Samoan Ethnic divisions: Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5% Religions: Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant denominations and other 30% Languages: Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English; most people are bilingual Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980) total population: 97% male: 98% female: 97% Labor force: 14,400 (1990) by occupation: government 33%, tuna canneries 34%, other 33% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK American Samoa Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa conventional short form: American Samoa Abbreviation: AS Digraph: AQ Type: unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the US Department of Interior, Office of Territorial and International Affairs Capital: Pago Pago Administrative divisions: none (territory of the US) Independence: none (territory of the US) National holiday: Territorial Flag Day, 17 April (1900) Constitution: ratified 1966, in effect 1967 Legal system: NA Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993) head of government: Governor A. P. LUTALI (since 3 January 1993); Lieutenant Governor Tauese P. SUNIA (since 3 January 1993); election last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - A. P. LUTALI (Democrat) 53%, Peter Tali COLEMAN (Republican) 36% Legislative branch: bicameral Legislative Assembly (Fono) House of Representatives: elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1994); results - representatives popularly elected from 17 house districts; seats - (21 total, 20 elected, and 1 nonvoting delegate from Swains Island) Senate: elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - senators elected by village chiefs from 12 senate districts; seats - (18 total) number of seats by party NA US House of Representatives: elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1994); results - Eni R. F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA reelected as delegate Judicial branch: High Court Political parties and leaders: NA Member of: ESCAP (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC, SPC Diplomatic representation in US: none (territory of the US) US diplomatic representation: none (territory of the US) THE WORLD FACTBOOK American Samoa Government Flag: blue with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club THE WORLD FACTBOOK American Samoa Economy Overview: Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts 80%-90% of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. The tuna canneries and the government are by far the two largest employers. Other economic activities include a slowly developing tourist industry. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $128 million (1991 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $2,600 (1991) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1990) Unemployment rate: 12% (1991) Budget: revenues: $97 million (includes $43,000,000 in local revenue and $54,000,000 in grant revenue); expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY90/91) Exports: $306 million (f.o.b., 1989) commodities: canned tuna 93% partners: US 99.6% Imports: $360.3 million (c.i.f., 1989) commodities: materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% partners: US 62%, Japan 9%, NZ 7%, Australia 11%, Fiji 4%, other 7% External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 30,000 kW production: 90 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,505 kWh (1993) Industries: tuna canneries (largely dependent on foreign fishing vessels), meat canning, handicrafts Agriculture: bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas, dairy farming Economic aid: recipient: $21,042,650 in operational funds and $1,227,000 in construction funds for capital improvement projects from the US Department of Interior (1991) THE WORLD FACTBOOK American Samoa Economy Currency: 1 United States dollar = 100 cents Exchange rates: US currency is used Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September THE WORLD FACTBOOK American Samoa Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 350 km paved: 150 km unpaved: 200 km Ports: Aanu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 4 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 3 note: small airstrips on Fituita and Ofu THE WORLD FACTBOOK American Samoa Communications Telephone system: 8,399 telephones; good telex, telegraph, and facsimile services local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) and 1 COMSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK American Samoa Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the US Show Map AMERICAN Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights x8dot3 X0d0{G 1 11` 115 15&5) &&`M `&&`M &5&1 & 1 1535a &nm$a 1&5& me& f #,,5,5,5,5 ,5,5,5,5,5 ,5,5,5,5,5 ,5,5,5,5,5 ,5,,## ;;J,5 X?#%%# pO?%?#?X #%%X?2% 2;JOO pO?%??#% pO#"%#%? %#%"%%? 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J22B2J" 2O22O2 J;"O; B;2";;JB BJ2BB2 *``p1 BOB22; M`1`` 2J2""B"J2" JBOJ" "J"BB2B2B ""B2BB OB"2B B;2BOOB" BOOB"J; 2B2"O2JOJ" ccjccn ncDmme $mnLcc 8n8nn8 8n8nn8n8 8nn8nn8 8nn8n8n8n8 nnenmmn mLp$Hp ccpcejTe LDcmLn e9T$e mmnmn eHTHe c$mLp9 eDP^JTHe TecTm e$TeHTHeP $eTmDT jeDT$D ncm$cncc mcmccn ccmDmnc DccL$ enenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenene 35;&` &0&0 0,&11 `1`5 ` 155, 1`5, 55 51` #5` 55 `1 0`55 5& `,5, 015005 ,1;,` ,`,5,5`` M`M`,`` Sp6p6 p7bpp p6TTp6 #SS6/ ppf%g ppT6pT 7p7pp6pp ?#K #?#?%X #??##? ?# " ?2""#% ? ?#%##? # ##? #%?%,??%? ?%2?? ?2? <##?#? ## ?# ?% ?O#?##" 2?##? 2""2" //"2/ ]]2// /]]2" $DD$$DH9H$ H$D$DDg$gl 494Hl B4DD$ g$OJH DB]lg Tpp77 "E7/+ ppb//bb/ pTpT+ 11!`7 67676 676767676 767676767 67676767 6767676767 676767676 7676767676 7676767676 67676767 676767676 7676767 676767676 T7//7 7bpp77 /bpp72 ppb22b /bppb2 /bpp72 /bpp7/ /bppb/ /bpp72 "Eppb/ fpp72 p6pp6pp 2bpp7/ /bpp72 /bpTT /bppb/ /bppf" /bppT/ /bppb/ /bTT7/ /bppb/ Tpb/e 2bp6b/7 /bpp^b pp7pf" 2/bpp /bp7b/ =/bp6 ppb//bpp /bp7b/ ppb^M 2bb/9 ee/bb2ee5 /bpp6pb2 ppBfpp pp0O% pTSSB N# ## ##g#N N#g## N#pp# ## j## p6N## #LN## TTppN# 6pTT77 TT77 p TTpp6 p 7ppTpp Andorra Map Button Image C%C% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Andorra Geography Location: Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain Map references: Europe Area: total area: 450 sq km land area: 450 sq km comparative area: slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: total 125 km, France 60 km, Spain 65 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 56% forest and woodland: 22% other: 20% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion natural hazards: snowslides, avalanches international agreements: NA Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Andorra People Population: 65,780 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 18% (female 5,503; male 5,985) 15-64 years: 70% (female 21,873; male 24,334) 65 years and over: 12% (female 4,020; male 4,065) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.72% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.92 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.25 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 21.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.52 years male: 75.65 years female: 81.66 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.72 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Andorran(s) adjective: Andorran Ethnic divisions: Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3% Religions: Roman Catholic (predominant) Languages: Catalan (official), French, Castilian Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Andorra Government Names: conventional long form: Principality of Andorra conventional short form: Andorra local long form: Principat d'Andorra local short form: Andorra Digraph: AN Type: parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads of state a co-principality; the two princes are the president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers Capital: Andorra la Vella Administrative divisions: 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria Independence: 1278 National holiday: Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September Constitution: Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; adopted 14 March 1993 Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chiefs of state: French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS (since NA); note - COURTOIS is to become French ambassador to Libreville and his replacement has not been announced; Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Juan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Bata (since NA); two permanent delegates (French Prefect Pierre STEINMETZ for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, since NA, and Spanish Vicar General Nemesi MARQUES Oste for the Seo de Urgel diocese, since NA) head of government: Executive Council President Marc FORNE (since 21 December 1994) elected by Parliament, following resignation of Oscar RIBAS Reig cabinet: Executive Council; designated by the executive council president Legislative branch: unicameral General Council of the Valleys: (Consell General de las Valls); elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA); yielded no clear winner; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (28 total) number of seats by party NA Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) for civil cases, the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain) for civil cases, Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes) for criminal cases THE WORLD FACTBOOK Andorra Government Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Group (AND), Oscar RIBAS Reig and Jordi FARRAS; Liberal Union (UL), Francesc CERQUEDA; New Democracy (ND), Jaume BARTOMEU; Andorran National Coalition (CNA), Antoni CERQUEDA; National Democratic Initiative (IDN), Vincenc MATEU; Liberal Union (UL), Marc FORNE note: there are two other small parties Member of: ECE, IFRCS (associate), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, UN, UNESCO Diplomatic representation in US: Andorra has no mission in the US US diplomatic representation: Andorra is included within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District, and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania that do not have a national coat of arms in the center THE WORLD FACTBOOK Andorra Economy Overview: Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union; it is unclear what effect the European Single Market will have on the advantages Andorra obtains from its duty-free status. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $760 million (1992 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $14,000 (1992 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: 0% Budget: revenues: $138 million expenditures: $177 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993) Exports: $30 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: electricity, tobacco products, furniture partners: France, Spain Imports: $NA commodities: consumer goods, food partners: France, Spain External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 35,000 kW production: 140 million kWh consumption per capita: 2,570 kWh (1992) Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco, banking Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables Economic aid: none Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes; 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos; the French and Spanish currencies are used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Andorra Economy Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5,5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990); Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 132.61 (January 1995), 133.96 (1994), 127.26 (1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Andorra Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 96 km paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: none Airports: none THE WORLD FACTBOOK Andorra Communications Telephone system: 17,700 telephones; digital microwave network local: NA intercity: NA international: landline circuits to France and Spain Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Andorra Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of France and Spain ANDORRA - (See France.) Andorra - Consular Information Sheet April 26, 1994 Country Description: Andorra is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Visas are not required for a tourist or business stay of up to three months. For further information, travelers can contact either the Embassy of Spain or the Embassy of France or the nearest French or Spanish consulate in Boston, Chicago, Detroit (France only), Honolulu (France only), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, or San Juan. The Spanish Embassy is located at 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, tel. (202) 728-2330. The French Embassy is at 4101 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20007, tel (202) 944-6000. Medical Facilities: Medical care is available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Andorra has a low crime rate. However, during the summer tourist season, pickpocketing, theft of unattended baggage, and theft from vehicles can occur. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Consulate General in Barcelona, Spain can obtain updated information on travel and security within Andorra. Embassy Location: Andorra is a sovereign nation but, has no U.S. embassy or consulate. For assistance, U.S. citizens can contact the U.S. Consulate General in Barcelona, Spain at Paseo Reina Elisenda 23-25, telephone (34-3) 280-2227. No. 94-061 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 29, 1993, to reflect the fact that Andorra is now a sovereign state. 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Age structure: 0-14 years: 25% (female 8,062; male 8,390) 15-64 years: 69% (female 22,342; male 22,334) 65 years and over: 6% (female 2,231; male 1,817) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.68% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 17.08 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -4.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 17.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.4 years male: 71.32 years female: 75.57 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.68 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s) adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan Ethnic divisions: black African, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian Religions: Anglican (predominant), other Protestant sects, some Roman Catholic Languages: English (official), local dialects Literacy: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling (1960) total population: 89% male: 90% female: 88% Labor force: 30,000 by occupation: commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7% (1983) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Antigua and Barbuda Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda Digraph: AC Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Saint John's Administrative divisions: 6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip Independence: 1 November 1981 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 1 November (1981) Constitution: 1 November 1981 Legal system: based on English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General James B. CARLISLE (since NA 1993) head of government: Prime Minister Lester Bryant BIRD (since 8 March 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: 17 member body appointed by the governor general House of Representatives: elections last held 8 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (17 total) ALP 11, UPP 5, independent 1 Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Lester Bryant BIRD; United Progressive Party (UPP), Baldwin SPENCER Other political or pressure groups: United Progressive Party (UPP), headed by Baldwin SPENCER, a coalition of three opposition political parties - the United National Democratic Party (UNDP); the Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM); and the Progressive Labor Movement (PLM); Antigua Trades and Labor Union (ATLU), headed by William ROBINSON Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Patrick Albert LEWIS THE WORLD FACTBOOK Antigua and Barbuda Government chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 362-5211, 5166, 5122 FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225 consulate(s) general: Miami US diplomatic representation: the post was closed 30 June 1994; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda Flag: red with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white with a yellow rising sun in the black band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Antigua and Barbuda Economy Overview: The economy is primarily service oriented, with tourism the most important determinant of economic performance. In 1993, tourism made a direct contribution to GDP of about 17%, and also spurred growth in other sectors such as construction and transport. While only accounting for roughly 5% of GDP in 1993, agricultural production increased by 4%. Tourist arrivals remained strong in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $400 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.4% (1993) National product per capita: $6,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1993) Unemployment rate: 6% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $105 million expenditures: $161 million, including capital expenditures of $56 million (1992) Exports: $54.7 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, food and live animals 4%, machinery and transport equipment 17% partners: OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and Tobago 2%, US 0.3% Imports: $260.9 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil partners: US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%, other 50% External debt: $250 million (1990 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -4.9% (1993 est.); accounts for 6.5% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 52,100 kW production: 95 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,242 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances) Agriculture: accounts for 5% of GDP; expanding output of cotton, fruits, vegetables, and livestock; other crops - bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; not self-sufficient in food Illicit drugs: a long-time but relatively minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe and recent transshipment point for heroin from Europe to the US; more significant as a drug money laundering center THE WORLD FACTBOOK Antigua and Barbuda Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments (1985-88), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $50 million Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Antigua and Barbuda Transportation Railroads: total: 77 km narrow gauge: 64 km 0.760-m gauge; 13 km 0.610-m gauge (used almost exclusively for handling sugar cane) Highways: total: 240 km paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Saint John's Merchant marine: total: 304 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,188,113 GRT/1,651,190 DWT ships by type: bulk 7, cargo 216, chemical tanker 8, container 48, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11 note: a flag of convenience registry Airports: total: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Antigua and Barbuda Communications Telephone system: 6,700 telephones; good automatic telephone system local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 coaxial submarine cable; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; tropospheric scatter links with Saba and Guadeloupe Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 2 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Antigua and Barbuda Defense Forces Branches: Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force (includes the Coast Guard) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.4 million, 1% of GDP (FY90/91) ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA - Proof of U.S. citizenship required, return/onward ticket and/or proof of funds needed for tourist stay up to 6 months. AIDS test required for immigrant, student and work visas. U.S. test accepted. Check Embassy of Antigua and Barbuda, Suite 4M, 3400 International Drive, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/362-5122/5166/5211) for further information. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Antigua & Barbuda ============================================================ Antigua & Barbuda - Consular Information Sheet March 7, 1995 Country Description: Antigua and Barbuda is a developing island nation. Tourism facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For tourist stays of up to six months, U.S. citizens need proof of U.S. citizenship as well as a return/onward ticket and/or proof of sufficient funds. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of Antigua and Barbuda, Suite 4M, 3400 International Dr., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 362-5122. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Antigua and Barbuda has experienced a recent increase of violent, armed assaults against tourists. Petty street crime also occurs and valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A lost or stolen birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside of the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In June 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Antigua and Barbuda's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Antigua and Barbuda's carriers operating to and from the U.S. However, during its assessment, the FAA noted that Antigua and Barbuda's operations to destinations other than the U.S. are not provided a similar level of safety oversight. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register with the United States Consular Agent, located at Hospital Hill, English Harbour. The mailing address is c/o United States Consular Agent, Hospital Hill, Nelson's Dockyard P.O., English Harbour, Antigua. The telephone number is (809) 463-6531, fax (809) 460-1569. U.S. citizens who contact the Consular Agent may obtain updated information on travel and security in the area. U.S. citizens may also contact the Consular Sectionof the U.S. Embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados, which is located in the American Life Insurance Company (ALICO) Building, Cheapside, telephone (809) 431-0225, which has consular jurisdiction for Antigua and Barbuda. No. 95-035 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated December 23, 1994 to amend information on crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ANTIGUA_ RLHLf language ``155r Q?%#?%%?#? ;;BBJBB 5,J2" %?%%# 0Q%??#% %#%??%Q "22;" %%?%?% J2O"OB O2B"O"B";J 029$Dg2 9HJ9$$9 O;;OJ OO;O ;O;0;;O ;0OJO p0Jbg9 4L9J42 0";4BB ;O;B; ;;JO2JOOB J;J;;O; 2";;B B;;2O O;;O;JJ ?Q?Q?? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; e8l$$gpm pVcmce polp- 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 ,1,,1 !,!,,1 1,,1,!, !.AZ@ E Z^Z^ [B ^ BZ Z E Z :$:00hd <\s'<\h'\ hhG THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina Geography Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay Map references: South America Area: total area: 2,766,890 sq km land area: 2,736,690 sq km comparative area: slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US Land boundaries: total 9,665 km, Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km Coastline: 4,989 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: short section of the boundary with Uruguay is in dispute; short section of the boundary with Chile is indefinite; claims British-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); claims British-administered South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica Climate: mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest Terrain: rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border Natural resources: fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium Land use: arable land: 9% permanent crops: 4% meadows and pastures: 52% forest and woodland: 22% other: 13% Irrigated land: 17,600 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: erosion results from inadequate flood controls and improper land use practices; irrigated soil degradation; desertification; air pollution in Buenos Aires and other major cites; water pollution in urban areas; rivers becoming polluted due to increased pesticide and fertilizer use THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina Geography natural hazards: Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the Pampas and northeast; heavy flooding international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation Note: second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina People Population: 34,292,742 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 28% (female 4,706,793; male 4,903,589) 15-64 years: 62% (female 10,680,074; male 10,689,728) 65 years and over: 10% (female 1,922,552; male 1,390,006) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.11% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 19.51 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.62 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 28.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.51 years male: 68.22 years female: 74.97 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.65 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Argentine(s) adjective: Argentine Ethnic divisions: white 85%, mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups 15% Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 90% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 6% Languages: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 95% male: 96% female: 95% Labor force: 10.9 million by occupation: agriculture 12%, industry 31%, services 57% (1985 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina Government Names: conventional long form: Argentine Republic conventional short form: Argentina local long form: Republica Argentina local short form: Argentina Digraph: AR Type: republic Capital: Buenos Aires Administrative divisions: 23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Buenos Aires; Catamarca; Chaco; Chubut; Cordoba; Corrientes; Distrito Federal*; Entre Rios; Formosa; Jujuy; La Pampa; La Rioja; Mendoza; Misiones; Neuquen; Rio Negro; Salta; San Juan; San Luis; Santa Cruz; Santa Fe; Santiago del Estero; Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur; Tucuman note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica or Argentina's claims to the Falkland Islands Independence: 9 July 1816 (from Spain) National holiday: Revolution Day, 25 May (1810) Constitution: 1 May 1853; revised August 1994 Legal system: mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Carlos Saul MENEM (since 8 July 1989); Vice President (position vacant); election last held 14 May 1995 (next to be held NA May 1999); results - Carlos Saul MENEM was reelected cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional) Senate: elections last held May 1989, but provincial elections in late 1991 set the stage for indirect elections by provincial senators for one-third of 48 seats in the national senate in May 1992; seats (48 total) - PJ 29, UCR 11, others 7, vacant 1 Chamber of Deputies: elections last held 3 October 1993 ( next to be held October 1995); elections are held every two years and half of the total membership is elected each time for four year terms; seats - (257 total) PJ 122, UCR 83, MODIN 7, UCD 5, other 40 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina Government Political parties and leaders: Justicialist Party (PJ), Carlos Saul MENEM, Peronist umbrella political organization; Radical Civic Union (UCR),Raul ALFONSIN, moderately left-of-center party; Union of the Democratic Center (UCD), Jorge AGUADO, conservative party; Dignity and Independence Political Party (MODIN), Aldo RICO, right-wing party; Grand Front (Frente Grande), Carlos ALVAREZ, center-left coalition; several provincial parties Other political or pressure groups: Peronist-dominated labor movement; General Confederation of Labor (CGT; Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization); Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association); Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association); business organizations; students; the Roman Catholic Church; the Armed Forces Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G- 6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MERCOSUR, MINURSO, MTCR, NSG (observer), OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Raul Enrique GRANILLO OCAMPO chancery: 1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6400 through 6403 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico) US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador James R. CHEEK embassy: 4300 Colombia, 1425 Buenos Aires mailing address: Unit 4334; APO AA 34034 telephone: [54] (1) 777-4533, 4534 FAX: [54] (1) 777-0197 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina Economy Overview: Argentina, rich in natural resources, benefits also from a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Nevertheless, following decades of mismanagement and statist policies, the economy in the late 1980s was plagued with huge external debts and recurring bouts of hyperinflation. Elected in 1989, in the depths of recession, President MENEM has implemented a comprehensive economic restructuring program that shows signs of putting Argentina on a path of stable, sustainable growth. Argentina's currency has traded at par with the US dollar since April 1991, and inflation has fallen to its lowest level in 20 years. Argentines have responded to the relative price stability by repatriating flight capital and investing in domestic industry. The economy registered an impressive 6% advance in 1994, fueled largely by inflows of foreign capital and strong domestic consumption spending. The government's major short term objective is encouraging exports, e.g., by reducing domestic costs of production. At the start of 1995, the government had to deal with the spillover from international financial movements associated with the devaluation of the Mexican peso. In addition, unemployment had become a serious issue for the government. Despite average annual 7% growth in 1991-94, unemployment surprisingly has doubled - due mostly to layoffs in government bureaus and in privatized industrial firms and utilities and, to a lesser degree, to illegal immigration. Much remains to be done in the 1990s in dismantling the old statist barriers to growth, extending the recent economic gains, and bringing down the rate of unemployment. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $270.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 6% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $7,990 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.9% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 12% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $48.46 billion expenditures: $46.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.5 billion (1994 est.) Exports: $15.7 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: meat, wheat, corn, oilseed, manufactures partners: US 12%, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Netherlands Imports: $21.4 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, fuels and lubricants, agricultural products partners: US 22%, Brazil, Germany, Bolivia, Japan, Italy, Netherlands External debt: $73 billion (April 1994) Industrial production: growth rate 12.5% accounts for 31% of GDP (1994 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina Economy Electricity: capacity: 17,330,000 kW production: 54.8 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,610 kWh (1993) Industries: food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel Agriculture: accounts for 8% of GDP (including fishing); produces abundant food for both domestic consumption and exports; among world's top five exporters of grain and beef; principal crops - wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, sugar beets Illicit drugs: increasing use as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for the US and Europe Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $718 million Currency: 1 nuevo peso argentino = 100 centavos Exchange rates: pesos per US$1 - 0.99870 (December 1994), 0.99901 (1994), 0.99895 (1993), 0.99064 (1992), 0.95355 (1991), 0.48759 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina Transportation Railroads: total: 34,572 km broad gauge: NA km 1.676-m gauge standard gauge: NA km 1.435-m narrow gauge: 400 km 0.750-m gauge; NA km 1.000-m gauge (209 km electrified) Highways: total: 208,350 km paved: 57,000 km unpaved: gravel 39,500 km; improved/unimproved earth 111,850 km Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable Pipelines: crude oil 4,090 km; petroleum products 2,900 km; natural gas 9,918 km Ports: Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos, Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia Merchant marine: total: 44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 434,525 GRT/667,501 DWT ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, container 4, oil tanker 8, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 Airports: total: 1,602 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 25 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 55 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 48 with paved runways under 914 m: 703 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 70 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 693 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina Communications Telephone system: 2,650,000 telephones; 12,000 public telephones; 78 telephones/1,000 persons; extensive modern system but many families do not have telephones; microwave widely used; however, during rainstorms, the telephone system frequently grounds out, even in Buenos Aires local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay and domestic satellite network with 40 earth stations international: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 171, FM 0, shortwave 13 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 231 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Argentina Defense Forces Branches: Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval Prefecture (Coast Guard only), National Aeronautical Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 8,573,780; males fit for military service 6,954,584; males reach military age (20) annually 301,166 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP ARGENTINA - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist stay up to 3 months. Business visa requires company letter detailing purpose of trip and length of stay. For more information contact Argentine Embassy, 1600 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/939-6400) or the nearest Consulate: CA (213/739-5959 and 415/982-3050), FL (305/373-1889), IL (312/263-7435), LA (504/523-2823), NY (212/603-0415), PR (809/754-6500) or TX (713/871-8935) . Argentina - Consular Information Sheet September 2, 1994 Country Description: Argentina is a medium income nation with a developing economy. The quality of facilities for tourism varies according to price and area. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. U.S. citizens do not need a visa for a tourist stay. For current information concerning entry and customs requirements for Argentina, travelers can contact the Argentine Embassy at 1600 New Hampshire Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C., tel: (202) 939- 6400, or the nearest consulate in Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, Chicago, New York, Houston, or San Juan. Medical Facilities: Medical care is good but varies in quality outside major cities. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proved to be useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332- 4559. Crime Information: There are no specific threats directed against American visitors or tourists at the present time. Street crime is a problem in the metropolitan Buenos Aires area. Most crime affecting tourists or business travelers in Argentina is of the non-violent type: pickpockets, purse snatching, hotel burglaries and fraudulent dealings. However, it is recommended that caution be exercised when traveling about the city. Street robberies (muggings), while not common, are not unheard of in Buenos Aires. For additional crime information, travelers can contact the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy either before or upon arrival. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," it is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Also available from the same address is the Department of State's publication, "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America." Adoptions: Argentine adoptions often involve complications and delays. In general, the adoption of Argentine orphans is possible but discouraged by the Council of Minors due to a waiting list of qualified Argentine couples wishing to adopt children. Updated information on Argentine adoption proceedings and U.S. immigrant visa requirements is available from the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy. Additional information is available by writing the Office of Citizens Consular Services, CA/OCS/CCS, Room 4817, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, or by telephoning (202) 647-3712. Dual Nationality: U.S. citizens also considered to be citizens of Argentina who remain in Argentina more than sixty days, are required to leave the country on their Argentine passports. They might also be subject to compulsory military service while in Argentina. Those who may be affected can inquire at an Argentine embassy or consulate to determine their status. In some instances, dual nationality may hamper U.S. government efforts to provide protection abroad. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Argentina for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In October 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Argentina's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Argentine carriers operating to and from the U.S. The same level of safety oversight would typically be applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: Americans are encouraged to register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Buenos Aires at 4300 Colombia, 1425, telephone: (54-1) 777-4533. No. 94-178 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 9, 1994 to add information on aviation oversight. Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 photo_3 `# 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 +1S`r 0,55; ??X?%% ?"?%#?#? &0;2" ?##X%?"#? 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F, nGnG@ G@GGn "%[2%,%%[[ GG@nGG @Gn@G nnGn5 ,[,"%%[%[[ ,[%[[, [%,%, "[[%[[, [[,%[%%[,[ %%?,X% 52%X% ,1`15J"T B15J"O` `5``O `15"D "OJJ;O `5,1J8 OJ22J2 OJJOB 22BJO" 2;OO" [%,[[2#,,[ %J%%[[,[ 2B2O. 2,"%%,2",% [%%[J#J# 2;;JJ224 BOBJ;2: *\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\ nee]E "BJOB ;OO;OBC Lmncc mLcmcLnmL ccncc J2""F pmnpc pjmmnpL nmpmcpccpc mcmcL mpmmpnmpm cjcnpc jcmpm LpcpjcpcL6 2%"%%[#J%% ,2%[%, [J[%,[%[% %["[, ,%%J,% ,%%[,, h h h h h `15,,"< ``12J22"; "BJ;Bj 5OO"9 B"B2;B; JJ2;O";B OJBOB2J2OO BOBJ02;B B0;;O B;JJ2? JJOO;J;J (,1g ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; .`,`,`,` :`,`,`,`:` ,`,`,`:`,` ,`,`:`,`,` ,`:`,`,`,` :`,`,`,`:` ,`,`,`:`,` ,`,`:`,`,` ,`:`,`,`,` :`,`,`,`:` ,`,`,`:`,` ,`,`:`,`,` ,`:`,`,`,` :`,`,`,`:` ,`,`,`:`,` ,`,`:`,`,` ,`:`,`,`,` :`,`,`,`:` ,`,`,`:`,` ,`,`:`,`,` ,`:`,`,`,` 1,1,1 1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1 1,1,1 1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1 1,1,1 1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1 1,1,1 1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1 1,1,1 1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1 Aruba Map Button Image N#N# THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba Header Affiliation: (part of the Dutch realm) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba Geography Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 193 sq km land area: 193 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 68.5 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation Terrain: flat with a few hills; scant vegetation Natural resources: negligible; white sandy beaches Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba People Population: 65,974 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 23% (female 7,377; male 7,726) 15-64 years: 69% (female 24,269; male 21,141) 65 years and over: 8% (female 3,223; male 2,238) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.65% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 14.6 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.17 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -1.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.56 years male: 72.89 years female: 80.42 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Aruban(s) adjective: Aruban Ethnic divisions: mixed European/Caribbean Indian 80% Religions: Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish Languages: Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA by occupation: most employment is in the tourist industry (1995) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Aruba Digraph: AA Type: part of the Dutch realm; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles Capital: Oranjestad Administrative divisions: none (self-governing part of the Netherlands) Independence: none (part of the Dutch realm; in 1990, Aruba requested and received from the Netherlands cancellation of the agreement to automatically give independence to the island in 1996) National holiday: Flag Day, 18 March Constitution: 1 January 1986 Legal system: based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Olindo KOOLMAN (since 1 January 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Jan (Henny) H. EMAN (since 29 July 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed with the advice and approval of the legislature Legislative branch: unicameral Legislature (Staten): elections last held 29 July 1994 (next to be held by NA July 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (21 total) AVP 10, MEP 9, OLA 2 Judicial branch: Joint High Court of Justice Political parties and leaders: Electoral Movement Party (MEP), Nelson ODUBER; Aruban People's Party (AVP), Jan (Henny) H. EMAN; National Democratic Action (ADN), Pedro Charro KELLY; New Patriotic Party (PPN), Eddy WERLEMEN; Aruban Patriotic Party (PPA), Benny NISBET; Aruban Democratic Party (PDA), Leo BERLINSKI; Democratic Action '86 (AD '86), Arturo ODUBER; Organization for Aruban Liberty (OLA), Glenbert CROES note: governing coalition includes the MEP, PPA, and ADN Member of: ECLAC (associate), INTERPOL, IOC, UNESCO (associate), WCL, WTO (associate) Diplomatic representation in US: none (self-governing part of the Netherlands) US diplomatic representation: none (self-governing part of the Netherlands) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba Government Flag: blue with two narrow horizontal yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba Economy Overview: Tourism is the mainstay of the Aruban economy, although offshore banking and oil refining and storage are also important. The rapid growth of the tourism sector over the last decade has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction has boomed, with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. Additionally, the reopening of the country's oil refinery in 1993, a major source of employment and foreign exchange earnings, has further spurred growth. Aruba's small labor force and less than 1% unemployment rate have led to a large number of unfilled job vacancies despite sharp rises in wage rates in recent years. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.1 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 5% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $17,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 0.6% (1992) Budget: revenues: $145 million expenditures: $185 million, including capital expenditures of $42 million (1988) Exports: $1.3 billion (including oil re-exports) (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: mostly refined petroleum products partners: US 64%, EC Imports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: food, consumer goods, manufactures, petroleum products, crude oil for refining and re-export partners: US 8%, EC External debt: $81 million (1987) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 90,000 kW production: 330 million kWh consumption per capita: 4,761 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining Agriculture: poor quality soils and low rainfall limit agricultural activity to the cultivation of aloes, some livestock, and fishing Illicit drugs: drug money laundering center and transit point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba Economy Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $220 million Currency: 1 Aruban florin (Af.) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Aruban florins (Af.) per US$1 - 1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 note: government-owned airport east of Oranjestad accepts transatlantic flights THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba Communications Telephone system: 72,168 telephones; 1,100 telephones/1,000 persons; more than adequate local: NA intercity: extensive interisland microwave radio relay links international: 1 submarine cable to Sint Maarten Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Aruba Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands d-1/ ARUBA - Passport or proof of U.S. citizenship required. Visa not required for stay up to 14 days, extendable to 90 days after arrival. Proof of onward/return ticket or sufficient funds for stay may be required. Departure tax $9.50. For further information consult Embassy of the Netherlands (202/244-5300), or nearest Consulate General: CA (212/380-3440), IL ( 314/856-1429), NY (212/246-1429) or TX (713/622-8000). Show Map x8dot3 Dutch &020f Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ARUBA &020f language ""01c` ,""[2%%,,% %[22[,,#", ,[%[%[,%*, [%*,,[,,[ %,J%[,%[2# ,,%,J[2,,[ ""J;5`k BO,511`5 J51``: ` 1k BO15`@ 2J51` `51``G B%?%Q?% Q%X#?%# BJJ;"JBB2 2?#?%## 00J;J;B B%X?%#X #%??%#? 2#??# #%%?%? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; pp++p Ashmore and Cartier Islands Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ashmore and Cartier Islands Header Affiliation: (territory of Australia) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ashmore and Cartier Islands Geography Location: Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 5 sq km land area: 5 sq km comparative area: about 8.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 74.1 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical Terrain: low with sand and coral Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: surrounded by shoals and reefs which can pose maritime hazards international agreements: NA Note: Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ashmore and Cartier Islands People Population: no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are only seasonal caretakers THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ashmore and Cartier Islands Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands Digraph: AT Type: territory of Australia administered by the Australian Ministry for the Environment, Sport, and Territories Capital: none; administered from Canberra, Australia Administrative divisions: none (territory of Australia) Independence: none (territory of Australia) Legal system: relevant laws of the Northern Territory of Australia Diplomatic representation in US: none (territory of Australia) US diplomatic representation: none (territory of Australia) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ashmore and Cartier Islands Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ashmore and Cartier Islands Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ashmore and Cartier Islands Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force Show Map x8dot3 Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ASHMORE_ ?%?%#? #%?%#? ? 22OO22O22 ?#%%?2"?? ;J;J; ?%??## 20;"OOB0B %#%%?%? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Atlantic Ocean Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Atlantic Ocean Geography Location: body of water between Africa, Antarctica, and the Western Hemisphere Map references: World Area: total area: 82.217 million sq km comparative area: slightly less than nine times the size of the US; second-largest of the world's four oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than Indian Ocean or Arctic Ocean) note: includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies Coastline: 111,866 km International disputes: some maritime disputes (see littoral states) Climate: tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November Terrain: surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin; maximum depth is 8,605 meters in the Puerto Rico Trench Natural resources: oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones Environment: current issues: endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; driftnet fishing is exacerbating declining fish stocks and contributing to international disputes; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea natural hazards: icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; icebergs from Antarctica occur in the extreme southern Atlantic Ocean; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May and extreme southern Atlantic from May to October; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September international agreements: NA Note: major choke points include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean THE WORLD FACTBOOK Atlantic Ocean Government Digraph: ZH THE WORLD FACTBOOK Atlantic Ocean Economy Overview: The Atlantic Ocean provides some of the world's most heavily trafficked sea routes, between and within the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Other economic activity includes the exploitation of natural resources, e.g., fishing, the dredging of aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and production of crude oil and natural gas (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea). THE WORLD FACTBOOK Atlantic Ocean Transportation Ports: Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden) Note: Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways THE WORLD FACTBOOK Atlantic Ocean Communications Telephone system: international: numerous submarine cables with most between continental Europe and the UK, North America and the UK, and in the Mediterranean; numerous direct links across Atlantic via INTELSAT satellite network Show Map x8dot3 Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ATLANTIC fPEE\ %,,%,%[[J O,"["[[%% %,"[%% %"%%"%" B""2"J 1`1``11 p`S*1 `1``1 `11`` ,,%%[ %[[%,,%[[J ,[,["%, ,[%[%,2[J ,,%%[,%\" J,"", %[[%,,2" ,[[%,%, "1S11 O11\w %J,05 22"O2J `11`11 ?%%Q? %%2B2"XB"" B2JOBB "%Q%Q%Q %Q%Q%Q" `11`1`1` 2B2OJO OJ2JJ2 0;JO2 JO;"O; 2J2;OBJB O"2;2;2 JO"1a 7B""2""2 ""2""2"2"" 2"2"2"2 ,OJO, >2%X(, mLcmmn &$^^n `D$D$$D$D$ D$D$D$D D$$D$D$D$D $D$D$D$D$D 1n(nGn( FW1`8 nGn1n(nn 11S11 %%>%> %X2%> %%X"X2% 5>X2%%X 2X%%"%?%% (;DD; >>B%>%>> >>%>2>%%>% (,(0((,( 0,(&;%00,, 0,(;0 0&050 >%>%% >,((O >,0+/ >>?2%% >">>"2""2 >%%>% 0&00,( 0D(0>5 %>%%> %>%%> %>%%>%>> %>>%>%>% %>%># ((0;D00 &J;%; >>%>> %>>%> `,"B*11 O`117 ``11< 313131< P*P*P3 11``11' `1`1`11 1`11`1' !P*PP `11pp+ P**P* >%>>% >B;O>J X%>2JBB22D 11`11 0&O;;DD ;",E**P3 $9,0, J;,JJ9N2 N9O"2 *+`1` !*9CC2 9**5N CC9*P 11`1`1`1`1 `1`1`1!`11 `1`1`1`1`1 `1`1`1`1`1 `1!S@ `1``1`1 155O,O" 1!`&S" J5+`` `&35` 1;,BOO22,1 ``1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 11``1 LGcDccGc cDcGcDccGc cGcGcGcDcG cGccGccGcG cDcGccGcDc GcG$( `(,J& ;OB,4 cLnccmLmmc DmnLmmLm 1`15O" cmccLpn nLcpD 2%"?B pcmpmnm "%[,%","[, ``01` mmpLnmpLLp %J[B[, 1!!W1! 2[?;% 2%%B%21!W` `3;,,5` 3"J`' `01,1,1 !!W`!W``!` W!W``! 1;J%", 5,,11&;1,& ,J%,[,[" 1\[[J%[ ?[?[,[,[,* `,,B5` !!`W` !!\`! 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(( AZ 88sh=:1 Y#ZjW HIbQhk ;[pA( PQ[lA 8NGT,! 8NshT; o#y*? r\O=,, 1,1,1 kekAkABAkA BAkekA 6F6F6R[ R6R6s [s6FFchQR hFhRQFh6hs FQFQFRF RFRFRFRFQF h6RFRFhRR6 r6r6h[R6rb ;;f=` `;f=`00;; f0T0;f;; !;;f! ;;f;; =;f;f eye k Myky> YMMkyk YYP1. cWp88 =#Y;a QE^:`fH dT:;> >;:>:; - -:: > : : > 1::-: :1 yy1:: yy2 : Austria Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights AUSTRIA x8dot3 German language R7R7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria Geography Location: Central Europe, north of Italy Map references: Europe Area: total area: 83,850 sq km land area: 82,730 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Maine Land boundaries: total 2,496 km, Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 37 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 262 km, Switzerland 164 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers Terrain: in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping Natural resources: iron ore, petroleum, timber, magnesite, aluminum, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower Land use: arable land: 17% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 24% forest and woodland: 39% other: 19% Irrigated land: 40 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulpher 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea, Whaling THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria Geography Note: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria People Population: 7,986,664 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 17% (female 681,087; male 711,127) 15-64 years: 67% (female 2,672,554; male 2,677,100) 65 years and over: 16% (female 791,762; male 453,034) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.35% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 11.21 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.27 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.9 years male: 73.7 years female: 80.27 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.48 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Austrian(s) adjective: Austrian Ethnic divisions: German 99.4%, Croatian 0.3%, Slovene 0.2%, other 0.1% Religions: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 6%, other 9% Languages: German Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1974 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 3.47 million (1989) by occupation: services 56.4%, industry and crafts 35.4%, agriculture and forestry 8.1% note: an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 177,840, about 5% of labor force (1988) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Austria conventional short form: Austria local long form: Republik Oesterreich local short form: Oesterreich Digraph: AU Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Administrative divisions: 9 states (bundeslaender, singular - bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten, Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien Independence: 12 November 1918 (from Austro-Hungarian Empire) National holiday: National Day, 26 October (1955) Constitution: 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945) Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; compulsory for presidential elections Executive branch: chief of state: President Thomas KLESTIL (since 8 July 1992); election last held 24 May 1992 (next to be held 1996); results of second ballot - Thomas KLESTIL 57%, Rudolf STREICHER 43% head of government: Chancellor Franz VRANITZKY (since 16 June 1986); Vice Chancellor Erhard BUSEK (since 2 July 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers; chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) Federal Council (Bundesrat): consists of 63 members representing each of the provinces on the basis of population, but with each province having at least 3 representatives National Council (Nationalrat): elections last held 9 October 1994 (next to be held October 1998); results - SPOE 34.9%, OEVP 27.7%, FPOE 22.5%, Greens 7.3%, LF 6.0% other 1.6%; seats - (183 total) SPOE 65, OEVP 52, FPOE 42, Greens 13, LF 11 Judicial branch: Supreme Judicial Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) for civil and criminal cases, Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) for bureaucratic cases, Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof) for constitutional cases THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria Government Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPOE), Franz VRANITZKY, chairman; Austrian People's Party (OEVP), Erhard BUSEK, chairman; Freedom Movement (F) (was the Freedom Party of Austria, FPOE), Joerg HAIDER, chairman; Communist Party (KPOE), Walter SILBERMAYER, chairman; The Greens, Madeleine PETROVIC; Liberal Forum (LF), Heide SCHMIDT Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party (OEVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; OEVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Helmut TUERK chancery: 3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035 telephone: [1] (202) 895-6700 FAX: [1] (202) 895-6750 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Swanee G. HUNT chancery: Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1091, Vienna mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [43] (1) 313-39 FAX: [43] (1) 310-0682 consulate(s) general: none (Salzburg closed September 1993) Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria Economy Overview: Austria boasts a prosperous and stable market economy with a sizable but falling proportion of nationalized industry and with extensive welfare benefits. Thanks to its raw material endowment, a technically skilled labor force, and strong links to German industrial firms, Austria occupies specialized niches in European industry and services (tourism, banking) and produces almost enough food to feed itself with only 8% of the labor force in agriculture. After 11 consecutive years of growth, the Austrian economy experienced a mild recession in 1993, but growth resumed in 1994. Unemployment is 4.3% and will likely stay at that level as companies adjust to the competition of EU membership beginning 1 January 1995. To prepare for EU membership, Austria's government has taken measures to open the economy by introducing a major tax reform, privatizing state-owned firms, and liberalizing cross-border capital movements. Problems for the 1990s include an aging population, the high level of industrial subsidies, and the struggle to keep welfare benefits within budgetary capabilities - the deficit climbed to over 4% of GDP in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $139.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $17,500 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3% (1994) Unemployment rate: 4.3% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $52.2 billion expenditures: $60.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.) Exports: $44.1 billion (1994 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment, iron and steel, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals partners: EC 63.5% (Germany 38.9%), EFTA 9.0%, Eastern Europe/FSU 12.3%, Japan 1.5%, US 3.4% (1993) Imports: $53.8 billion (1994 est.) commodities: petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, textiles and clothing, pharmaceuticals partners: EC 66.8% (Germany 41.3%), EFTA 6.7%, Eastern Europe/FSU 7.5%, Japan 4.4%, US 4.4% (1993) External debt: $21.5 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 2.5% (1994 est.) Electricity: capacity: 17,230,000 kW production: 50.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 5,824 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria Economy Industries: foods, iron and steel, machines, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp, tourism, mining, motor vehicles Agriculture: accounts for 3.2% of GDP (including forestry); principal crops and animals - grains, fruit, potatoes, sugar beets, sawn wood, cattle, pigs, poultry; 80%-90% self-sufficient in food Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and Eastern Europe Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $2.4 billion Currency: 1 Austrian schilling (S) = 100 groschen Exchange rates: Austrian schillings (S) per US$1 - 10.774 (January 1995), 11.422 (1994), 11.632 (1993), 10.989 (1992), 11.676 (1991), 11.370 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria Transportation Railroads: total: 5,624 km standard gauge: 5,269 km 1.435-m gauge (3,162 km electrified) narrow gauge: 355 km 1.000-m and 0.760-m gauge (84 km electrified) (1994) Highways: total: 110,000 km paved: 35,000 km (including 1,554 km of autobahn) unpaved: mostly gravel and earth 75,000 km (1992) Inland waterways: 446 km Pipelines: crude oil 554 km; petroleum products 171 km; natural gas 2,611 km Ports: Linz, Vienna Merchant marine: total: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 152,885 GRT/235,719 DWT ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 25, oil tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 Airports: total: 55 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 41 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria Communications Telephone system: 4,014,000 telephones; highly developed and efficient local: NA intercity: NA international: 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), and EUTELSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 21 (repeaters 545), shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 47 (repeaters 870) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Austria Defense Forces Branches: Army (includes Flying Division) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,026,567; males fit for military service 1,695,879; males reach military age (19) annually 46,821 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - about $1.8 billion, 0.9% of GDP (1994) !AUSTRIA - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 3 months. For longer stays check with Embassy of Austria, 3524 International Court, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/895-6767) or nearest Consulate General: Los Angeles (310/444-9310), Chicago (312/222-1515) or New York (212/737-6400). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Austria ============================================================ Austria - Consular Information Sheet August 15, 1995 Country Description: Austria is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for business or tourist stays up to three months. For information concerning longer stays or other entry regulations, travelers can contact the Embassy of Austria at 3524 International Court, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 895-6767, or the nearest Austrian consulate general in Chicago, Los Angeles, or New York. Medical Facilities: Good medical care is widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Austria has a low crime rate, and violent crime is rare. However, crimes involving theft of personal property have increased in recent years. Travelers can become targets of pickpockets and purse snatchers who operate where tourists tend to gather, favorite spots being Vienna's two largest train stations. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free trip. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Other Information: Certain Austrian Airways flights between Austria and various Middle Eastern points (usually Damascus or Amman) make en route stops in Beirut. (The State Department warns U.S. citizens to avoid all travel to or through Lebanon and that U.S. passports are not valid for such travel without special validation). Registration : U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy or Consular Agency and obtain updated information on travel and security in Austria. Embassy and Consulate Locations: The U.S. Embassy in Vienna is located at Boltzmanngasse 16 in the Ninth District. The Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy is located on the fourth floor of Gartenbau Promenade 2 in the First District. The telephone number for both the Embassy and the Consular Section is (43-) 31-339. There is also a Consular Agency in Salzburg at Herbert Von Karajan Platz 1, telephone (43-662) 84-87-76, open Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 9:00 A.M. to 12:00 noon. U.S. citizens in Salzburg who require emergency assistance after hours should contact the U.S. Embassy in Vienna. No. 95-092 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 9, 1994, to note a change in the Austrian Embassy telephone number and to consolidate the U.S. Embassy and consulate information. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Austria ============================================================ Austria - Consular Information Sheet August 15, 1995 Country Description: Austria is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for business or tourist stays up to three months. For information concerning longer stays or other entry regulations, travelers can contact the Embassy of Austria at 3524 International Court, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 895-6767, or the nearest Austrian consulate general in Chicago, Los Angeles, or New York. Medical Facilities: Good medical care is widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Austria has a low crime rate, and violent crime is rare. However, crimes involving theft of personal property have increased in recent years. Travelers can become targets of pickpockets and purse snatchers who operate where tourists tend to gather, favorite spots being Vienna's two largest train stations. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free trip. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Other Information: Certain Austrian Airways flights between Austria and various Middle Eastern points (usually Damascus or Amman) make en route stops in Beirut. (The State Department warns U.S. citizens to avoid all travel to or through Lebanon and that U.S. passports are not valid for such travel without special validation). Registration : U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy or Consular Agency and obtain updated information on travel and security in Austria. Embassy and Consulate Locations: The U.S. Embassy in Vienna is located at Boltzmanngasse 16 in the Ninth District. The Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy is located on the fourth floor of Gartenbau Promenade 2 in the First District. The telephone number for both the Embassy and the Consular Section is (43-) 31-339. There is also a Consular Agency in Salzburg at Herbert Von Karajan Platz 1, telephone (43-662) 84-87-76, open Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 9:00 A.M. to 12:00 noon. U.S. citizens in Salzburg who require emergency assistance after hours should contact the U.S. Embassy in Vienna. No. 95-092 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 9, 1994, to note a change in the Austrian Embassy telephone number and to consolidate the U.S. Embassy and consulate information. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 photo_3 `11J/ `5B2/ 11``+``1 `1`1311 %"%"% %""[["%"2 "[%[,% 11`11` ,"B2 %[[,[["% [,%[[,,[[ ,""%" `&``5 1`5" `1`11 ` 5JJ 2[%2%,%J,0 "%%[, J[,,[%, %[%[[% ,00(&5+ 2JO1`` %22?2%2 %"2"%%J "%"%% 0BJ"JB;O O"2,, ,>&(#,+ [J[[, %"[%[% %B(J";;, J#%[[,[ [[,[[%J[[, ,";;2; ,%%"" "%"%"" +T0OO2 3113,331. 15%%3% >%3%,% ,%2,"#2"#B 2[%,[%[ %,,%[%,[[% %[#[%,% %,[%,[% ";;BOB 2"2"J ;;O0OJ "B+*+ "OJJO 31311 @(n@G [%,[,%[",% ,%[,[O,%J[ G^n@G @@G@(@Gn,3 +p;OO2 2,"%%J% %",%"[, GG@Gnn@ 3311G O"OB2 2BJ2O22O ,%,%% ",,<2 O"O;"" O[[,%J[% [,#[[,% ,[,[%%[,[ 2#%%" ;9;9; ;9;9;9;9;9 ;9;9;9;9;9 ;9;9;9;9;9 ;9;9; "JJ2O;2# JB;;O" 2;I=I=I=I= I=I=I=I=I= I=I=I=I=I= I=I=I=I=I= I=I=IBJ% ,2","%% %"%"%%,[ %",[[,"%O% ",,%" [,[[%[["[[ [%,%[,"%[" "%[,,[% ,%,[, %[[,,%%[ %,[,%%) "[%[%" [%2[%%, ",2"," CoCoCoC CoCoCoCoCo CCoCo $me/= n8Lcmcnmmc mLnmLm mLncc 2;JJ2 jmLpmcc npLmcpm pcmpjc ncLpc mpmnc LLnpc cpmmjnL LLcjm OJB2J ,O,["[,, "[%,%2",%2 ,%"%[ OB2;J O"2OJOJ ;2O;BB;" JOBO2OBBOO BBO2" JJ;0OJ J;J;JJ ;OJJ;" JB";;J O2""O"" JJOJ;;JJ JJ;J;;J; ;;J;JJ00OJ ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K BOJ;; D;%J;0 J2%>0 JJDD"X; DD0;JJ2X2D 2>0D0J%J 0D;;22XB; 0J%>( 0J2%%;% 022%, ,0%%(0 %%,,%% >>D(; D;B2%D 0(,,( ,%>,%, ,%%>, (,,(,,DD B;;DD;; &,%%,>, D2X2J D%XXJD ,%%>D DXX;DD (&&,, DJDD>O0 0JJX> %%,%, DDJB; 22ODJJ &>%#(,, (>%%( D0%XBJO ,((>%% %>;DD (>%%, DJ;%% ((,(, J2JD0DBBD ;J%%>D ((>%, J;>J( ##(&& (,,>> ;(,&& ,%%>,,( D;J;;J (DDJXO;; J;,(( ,%,,&&%% ,,((,J%%; ,,(%22J>; ;>%%> &,>%%>JDDJ J%%(( >>%,( %%(DD ,(,,%,( J%,&& ,%%(, (%%>0 %%,&,(,((# &,%#0 &(,%( %%,,%%,( ,%%,& %>%%>,%( %%,&, ,(0,0 ,%%,, (,##( ,,(,, ,,(,,( (,,(,( &,0>, ,(%%( (,(,(( >%%,, ,((&( BOJ;;o ,1,1,1, ,1,,.1,,1 .,.,.,.1., .,.,.,.,1 .,.,1,,1,, 1,1,,1,,1, 1,,1,,1,1, ,1,,1,1,,1 ,,1,1,,1,, .,.,1 ,.,1,.,1,, 1,,.,1,,1, ,1,1,,1,,1 ,1,,1,,1,1 ,,1,,1,1,, 1,,1,1,,1, ,.,1,,1,,. ,1,.,.,.,1 ,,1,,1,1,, 1,,1,1,,1, ,1,1,,1,!, HIYIY IYPYIY ;IYPY ;IYPYIP ;IYPYIP IYPYIPHYIP ;IYHY IYHYIP 6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6R6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6F6F6F6F ..1,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, 1,!,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, 1,!,!,1,1, 1,1,!,1,1, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,1,!, 1yy1y y1y1-1 1--1- 1--11 y11--11- y1-11 -11--11 1yy11- --11-- 1-1-11 1yy11y 1-1--11 y-1y1- 11-y1 19899 11-11 01918 y1y11 91911-- y11-1y1 11y1y--1 -11yy 11091 1191191-1 1y1y11 091191919 --11y1y1 -11-1 -1-1y -1-1- -11-11 --y1- 1--11 -1-1- 11--, Azerbaijan Map Button Image C THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Header Note: Azerbaijan continues to be plagued by an unresolved seven-year-old conflict with Armenian separatists over its Nagorno-Karabakh region. The Karabakh Armenians have declared independence and seized almost 20% of the country's territory, creating almost 1 million Azeri displaced persons in the process. Both sides have generally observed a Russian-mediated cease-fire in place since May 1994, and support the OSCE-mediated peace process, now entering its fourth year. Nevertheless, Baku and Xankandi (Stepanakert) remain far apart on most substantive issues from the placement and composition of a peacekeeping force to the enclave's ultimate political status, and prospects for a negotiated settlement remain dim. THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Geography Location: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - European States Area: total area: 86,600 sq km land area: 86,100 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Maine note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991 Land boundaries: total 2,013 km, Armenia (west) 566 km, Armenia (southwest) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (south) 432 km, Iran (southwest) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) note: Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km, est.) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: violent and longstanding dispute with ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh over its status; Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined Climate: dry, semiarid steppe Terrain: large, flat Kur-Araz Lowland (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag (Karabakh) Upland in west; Baku lies on Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula that juts into Caspian Sea Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina Land use: arable land: 18% permanent crops: 4% meadows and pastures: 25% forest and woodland: 0% other: 53% Irrigated land: 14,010 sq km (1990) Environment: current issues: local scientists consider the Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, water, and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton natural hazards: droughts; some lowland areas threatened by rising levels of the Caspian Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Geography international agreements: signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan People Population: 7,789,886 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 33% (female 1,241,952; male 1,315,313) 15-64 years: 61% (female 2,437,810; male 2,307,496) 65 years and over: 6% (female 303,926; male 183,389) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.32% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 22.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.56 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 33.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.09 years male: 67.4 years female: 74.97 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.64 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Azerbaijani(s) adjective: Azerbaijani Ethnic divisions: Azeri 90%, Dagestani Peoples 3.2%, Russian 2.5%, Armenian 2.3%, other 2% (1995 est.) note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region Religions: Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.) note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; actual practicing adherents are much lower Languages: Azeri 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 97% male: 99% female: 96% Labor force: 2.789 million by occupation: agriculture and forestry 32%, industry and construction 26%, other 42% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Government Names: conventional long form: Azerbaijani Republic conventional short form: Azerbaijan local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi local short form: none former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Digraph: AJ Type: republic Capital: Baku (Baki) Administrative divisions: 59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities* (saharlar; sahar - singular), 1 autonomous republic** (muxtar respublika); Abscron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, AliBayramli Sahari*, Astara Rayonu, Baki Sahari*, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Cabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Ganca Sahari*, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu, Lankaran Sahari*, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Mingacevir Sahari*, Naftalan Sahari*, Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi**, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu, Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu, Saki Rayonu, Saki Sahari*, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Sumqayit Sahari*, Susa Rayonu, Susa Sahari*, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu, Xacmaz Rayonu, Xankandi Sahari*, Xanlar Rayonu, Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand Rayonu, Yardimb Rayonu, Yevlax Rayonu, Yevlax Sahari*, Zangilan Rayonu, Zaqatala Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu Independence: 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 28 May Constitution: adopted NA April 1978; writing a new constitution Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Heydar ALIYEV (since 18 June 1993); election last held 3 October 1993 (next to be held NA); results - Heydar ALIYEV won 97% of vote head of government: Acting Prime Minister Fuad QULIYEV (since 9 October 1994); First Deputy Prime Ministers Abbas ABBASOV, Samed SADYKOV, Vahid AKHMEDOV (since NA) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and confirmed by the Mejlis Legislative branch: unicameral THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Government National Assembly (Milli Mejlis): elections last held 30 September and 14 October 1990 for the Supreme Soviet (next expected to be held September 1995 for the National Assembly); seats for Supreme Soviet - (360 total) Communists 280, Democratic Bloc 45 (grouping of opposition parties), other 15, vacant 20; note - on 19 May 1992 the Supreme Soviet was prorogued in favor of a Popular Front-dominated National Council; seats - (50 total) Popular Front 25, opposition elements 25 note: since June 1993 ALIYEV has rotated in several supporters to replace Popular Front adherents Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Azerbaijan Popular Front (APF), Ebulfez ELCIBEY, chairman; Musavat Party, Isa GAMBAR, chairman; National Independence Party, Etibar MAMEDOV, chairman; Social Democratic Party (SDP), Araz ALIZADE, chairman; Communist Party, Ramiz AKHMEDOV, chairman; People's Freedom Party, Yunus OGUZ, chairman; Independent Social Democratic Party, Arif YUNUSOV and Leila YUNOSOVA, cochairmen; New Azerbaijan Party, Heydar ALIYEV, chairman; Boz Gurd Party, Iskander HAMIDOV, chairman; Azerbaijan Democratic Independence Party, Qabil HUSEYNLI, chairman; Islamic Party of Azerbaijan, Ali Akram, chairman; Ana Veten Party, Fazail AGAMALIYEV; Azerbaijan Democratic Party, Sardar Jalaloglu MAMEDOV; Azerbaijan Democratic Party of Proprietors (DPOP), Makhmud MAMEDOV; Azerbaijan Patriotic Solidarity Party, Sabir RUSTAMHANLI; Azerbaijan Republic Reform Party, Fuad ASADOV; Communist Party of Azerbaijan (unregistered), Sayad SAYADOV; Equality of the Peoples Party, Faukhraddin AYDAYEV; Independent Azerbaijan Party, Nizami SULEYMANOV; Labor Party of Azerbaijan, Sabutai HAJIYEV; Liberal-Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, Lyudmila NIKOLAYEVNA; National Enlightenment Party, Hajy Osman EFENDIYEV; National Liberation Party, Panak SHAKHSEVEV; Peasant Party, Firuz MUSTAFAYEV; Radical Party of Azerbaijan, Malik SHARIFOV; United Azerbaijan Party, Kerrar ABILOV; Vetan Adzhagy Party, Zakir TAGIYEV Other political or pressure groups: self-proclaimed Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Republic; Talysh independence movement Member of: BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Hafiz Mir Jalal PASHAYEV chancery: (temporary) Suite 700, 927 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 842-0001 FAX: [1] (202) 842-0004 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Richard D. KAUZLARICH embassy: Azadliq Prospect 83, Baku mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [9] (9412) 96-00-19, 98-03-37 FAX: [9] (9412) 98-37-55 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Government Flag: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Economy Overview: Azerbaijan is less developed industrially than either Armenia or Georgia, the other Transcaucasian states. It resembles the Central Asian states in its majority nominally Muslim population, high structural unemployment, and low standard of living. The economy's most prominent products are oil, cotton, and gas. Production from the Caspian oil and gas field has been in decline for several years, but the November 1994 ratification of the $7.5 billion oil deal with a consortium of Western companies should generate the funds needed to spur future industrial development. Azerbaijan accounted for 1.5% to 2% of the capital stock and output of the former Soviet Union. Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems of the ex-Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. Baku has only recently begun making progress on economic reform, and old economic ties and structures have yet to be replaced. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $13.8 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992) National product real growth rate: -22% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,790 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 28% monthly average (1994) Unemployment rate: 0.9% includes officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of other unemployed and underemployed workers (December 1994) Budget: revenues: $167.5 million expenditures: $234.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994) Exports: $366 million to non-FSU countries (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: oil and gas, chemicals, oilfield equipment, textiles, cotton (1991) partners: mostly CIS and European countries Imports: $296 million from non-FSU countries (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: machinery and parts, consumer durables, foodstuffs, textiles (1991) partners: European countries External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate -25% (1994) Electricity: capacity: 4,900,000 kW production: 17.5 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,270 kWh (1994) Industries: petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Economy Agriculture: cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep and goats Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe Economic aid: recipient: wheat from Turkey Currency: 1 manat = 100 gopik Exchange rates: manats per US$1 - 4500 (April 1995), 4168 (end of December 1994) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Transportation Railroads: total: 2,090 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines broad gauge: 2,090 km 1.520-m gauge (1990) Highways: total: 36,700 km paved or graveled: 31,800 km unpaved: earth 4,900 km (1990) Pipelines: crude oil 1,130 km; petroleum products 630 km; natural gas 1,240 km Ports: Baku (Baki) Airports: total: 69 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 33 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Communications Telephone system: 710,000 telephones; 90 telephones/1,000 persons (1991); 202,000 persons waiting for telephone installations (January 1991); domestic telephone service is of poor quality and inadequate local: a joint venture to establish a cellular telephone system (Bakcel) in the Baku area is supposed to become operational in 1994 intercity: NA international: connections to other former USSR republics by cable and microwave and to other countries via the Moscow international gateway switch; INTELSAT link installed in late 1992 in Baku with Turkish financial assistance with access to 200 countries through Turkey; since August 1993 an earth station near Baku has provided direct communications with New York through Russia's Stationar-11 satellite Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA; domestic and Russian TV programs are received locally and Turkish and Iranian TV is received from an INTELSAT satellite through a receive-only earth station televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Azerbaijan Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, Navy, Maritime Border Guard, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,927,955; males fit for military service 1,553,736; males reach military age (18) annually 68,407 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 70.5 billion rubles, 10% of GDP (1993 budget allocation); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results AZERBAIJAN - Passport and visa required. Visa (no charge) requires 1 application form, 1 photo, and a letter of invitation. For additional information contact the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Azerbaijan, 927 15th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20005 (202/842-0001). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Azerbaijan ============================================================ Azerbaijan - Consular Information Sheet May 11, 1995 Country Description: Azerbaijan is a nation undergoing profound political and economic change. Tourist facilities are not highly developed, and hotel space in Baku is limited. Many goods and services taken for granted in other countries are not yet available. Public disturbances may occur without warning. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required to enter Azerbaijan. Business persons who apply for their visas more than five days in advance and tourists who apply more than ten days in advance will not be charged for their visas. Individuals requesting visas in less than this amount of time or arriving in Baku without a valid Azerbaijani visa will be charged a fee ranging from US $40 to US $250 for their visa. Passports without visas are retained by immigration authorities at the airport. Visitors must apply to the Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the next working day to retrieve their passport. All visitors to Azerbaijan are strongly urged to obtain a visa prior to their arrival. Travelers with valid Georgian visas are permitted to enter Azerbaijan for five days. Thereafter they must obtain an Azerbaijani visa. Visa applicants must include a letter of invitation from an individual or organization in Azerbaijan when applying for a visa. Outside the United States, visas may be obtained from Azerbaijani embassies in Germany, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. For additional information on visa requirements, contact the Embassy of Azerbaijan, 927 15th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005; telephone (202) 842-0004. Areas of Instability: Following a political crisis in Azerbaijan in mid-March 1995, the situation in the capital, Baku, remains unsettled. Government tanks and armed troops continue to patrol certain areas of the city, in particular around the parliament and presidency buildings. A state of emergency and midnight to 5:00 a.m. curfew first established in October 1994 remains in effect for Baku. There are numerous roadblocks and checkpoints throughout the capital. Visitors to Azerbaijan are encouraged to exercise extreme caution. Armed conflict is taking place in and around the Armenian-populated area of Nagorno-Karabakh located inside Azerbaijan and along the borders with Armenia and Iran. Travelers may be stopped at roadblocks while vehicles and travel documents are inspected. Internal travel to several regions is restricted; travelers must obtain special permission from the Ministry of the Interior to visit these areas. Travel Information: Train travel in the Caucasus region is not secure. Travelers on airlines between the countries of the former Soviet Union may experience prolonged delays and sudden cancellations of flights. Air travel to Azerbaijan on international carriers via Turkey is generally more reliable. Medical Facilities: Medical care in Azerbaijan is limited. There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics, and vaccines against communicable diseases. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, tel: (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Although Azerbaijan has a low rate of violent crime, incidents of street crime and assaults on foreigners are increasing. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad and is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402. The Consular Section of the Embassy in Baku can provide additional information on the crime situation including safety tips and contact numbers for the local police. Currency Regulations: Azerbaijan is a cash only economy. Traveler's checks and credit cards are not accepted. The local currency is the manat. U.S. dollars are required in most hotels and preferred in many restaurants. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: Americans may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Baku and obtain updated information on travel and security within Azerbaijan. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan, is located at prospect Azadlig 83. The telephone numbers are (9-9412) 98-03-35, (9-9412) 98-03-36, or (9-9412) 98-03-37. No. 95-064 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for Azerbaijan dated March 23, 1994, noting an update to entry requirements, crime information and telephone numbers for the U.S. Embassy. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Russian Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights AZERBAIJ $k0k{G bkNkM language 1J";,J2O "?%%?% %#?%%?` OO2BB"2 Q%%?% O;;JJ ?%?"# %,%",[%,,%* p;%%?#%? 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Baker Island Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Baker Island Header Affiliation: (territory of the US) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Baker Island Geography Location: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 1.4 sq km land area: 1.4 sq km comparative area: about 2.3 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 4.8 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun Terrain: low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef Natural resources: guano (deposits worked until 1891) Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: no natural fresh water resources natural hazards: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard international agreements: NA Note: treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife THE WORLD FACTBOOK Baker Island People Population: uninhabited; note - American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and cemetery ruins are located near the middle of the west coast THE WORLD FACTBOOK Baker Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Baker Island Digraph: FQ Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system Capital: none; administered from Washington, DC THE WORLD FACTBOOK Baker Island Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Baker Island Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area along the middle of the west coast Airports: 1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m Note: there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast THE WORLD FACTBOOK Baker Island Defense Forces defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard Show Map x8dot3 Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BAKER_IS pO%%?#?% #??#?%# 2BOO"O pO?%?%%Q O;JJO pO%%?X#% pO#?%#?X ##%?%?? 2OOJOBJB ;9$J]J$99 pOHg$g9J 9JBg$9; 2OJ2JJ2O2O ;J2OJ pO;$9D$9 $9H$Dg$ 94L99; 2"BB" pO;$J;2B 2OO;BJ QMMQQ OOJO;B J;;J;;O "O2"JOJ pOQMQMQM QMQMQMQ JB;O2 O;;2"J BO2" ";O;;J ;OJJ"JO 2JO0;;0; O;J0;;J O;;O0 pO? % OOJOJO JOJOJOOJOO JOOJJ JOOJOJOJOJ OJOJOJOJOJ jLLcLcL cLcLcLLcLL LLcLLcLcLc LcLcLcLcLc 6mccnm mc6LL 1`11` %5>5% ?5X%5 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`13 ncmcm ncn8mn cpLnm jpcjpmL pmcpL mjnLL c66mj pnmpL mpmjj cpn7j pcnpc npLcL nLc6j npcmpm 8pLmL mLmj7 pcnpc npLnc mpmjL Lpc7j pcjpm mmncn mmncm nLjccL #enenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene nenenenene `11!11 1`11` ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Bangladesh Map Button Image 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh Geography Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India Map references: Asia Area: total area: 144,000 sq km land area: 133,910 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin Land boundaries: total 4,246 km, Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km Coastline: 580 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: up to the outer limits of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: a portion of the boundary with India is in dispute; water-sharing problems with upstream riparian India over the Ganges Climate: tropical; cool, dry winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); cool, rainy monsoon (June to October) Terrain: mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast Natural resources: natural gas, arable land, timber Land use: arable land: 67% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 16% other: 11% Irrigated land: 27,380 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; limited access to potable water; water-borne diseases prevalent; water pollution especially of fishing areas results from the use of commercial pesticides; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation; deforestation; severe overpopulation natural hazards: droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely flooded during the summer monsoon season THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh People Population: 128,094,948 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (female 25,195,262; male 26,352,299) 15-64 years: 57% (female 34,862,105; male 37,867,705) 65 years and over: 3% (female 1,761,336; male 2,056,241) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.32% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 34.62 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 11.43 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 104.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 55.46 years male: 55.69 years female: 55.22 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.39 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Bangladeshi(s) adjective: Bangladesh Ethnic divisions: Bengali 98%, Biharis 250,000, tribals less than 1 million Religions: Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, Buddhist, Christian, other Languages: Bangla (official), English Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 35% male: 47% female: 22% Labor force: 50.1 million by occupation: agriculture 65%, services 21%, industry and mining 14% (1989) note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Oman (1991) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh Government Names: conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh conventional short form: Bangladesh former: East Pakistan Digraph: BG Type: republic Capital: Dhaka Administrative divisions: 4 divisions; Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi Independence: 16 December 1971 (from Pakistan) National holiday: Independence Day, 26 March (1971) Constitution: 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986, amended many times Legal system: based on English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Abdur Rahman BISWAS (since 8 October 1991); election last held 8 October 1991 (next to be held by NA October 1996); results - Abdur Rahman BISWAS received 52.1% of parliamentary vote head of government: Prime Minister Khaleda ZIAur RAHMAN (since 20 March 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral National Parliament (Jatiya Sangsad): elections last held 27 February 1991 (next to be held by February 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (330 total, 300 elected and 30 seats reserved for women) BNP 168, AL 93, JP 35, JI 20, BCP 5, National Awami Party (Muzaffar) 1, Workers Party 1, JSD 1, Ganotantri Party 1, Islami Oikya Jote 1, NDP 1, independents 3 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Khaleda ZIAur RAHMAN; Awami League (AL), Sheikh Hasina WAJED; Jatiyo Party (JP), Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD (in jail); Jamaat-E-Islami (JI), Ali KHAN; Bangladesh Communist Party (BCP), Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK; National Awami Party (Muzaffar); Workers Party, leader NA; Jatiyo Samajtantik Dal (JSD), Serajul ALAM KHAN; Ganotantri Party, leader NA; Islami Oikya Jote, leader NA; National Democratic Party (NDP), leader NA; Muslim League, Khan A. SABUR; Democratic League, Khondakar MUSHTAQUE Ahmed; Democratic League, Khondakar MUSHTAQUE Ahmed; United People's Party, Kazi ZAFAR Ahmed THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh Government Member of: AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, SAARC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Humayun KABIR chancery: 2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-8372 through 8376 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador David N. MERRILL embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka mailing address: G. P. O. Box 323, Dhaka 1212 telephone: [880] (2) 884700 through 884722 FAX: [880] (2) 883-744 Flag: green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; green is the traditional color of Islam THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh Economy Overview: Despite sustained domestic and international efforts to improve economic and demographic prospects, Bangladesh remains one of the world's poorest, most densely populated, and least developed nations. Its economy is overwhelmingly agricultural, with the cultivation of rice the single most important activity in the economy. Major impediments to growth include frequent cyclones and floods, the inefficiency of state-owned enterprises, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed by agriculture, delays in exploiting energy resources (natural gas), and inadequate power supplies. Excellent rice crops and expansion of the export garment industry led to real growth of 4% in 1992 and again in 1993. Policy measures intended to reduce government regulation of private industry, to curb population growth, and to expand employment opportunities have had only partial success given the serious nature of Bangladesh's basic problems. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $130.1 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,040 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.3% (1992 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $2.8 billion expenditures: $4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion (FY92/93) Exports: $2.38 billion (1993) commodities: garments, jute and jute goods, leather, shrimp partners: US 33%, Western Europe 39% (Germany 8.4%, Italy 6%) (FY91/92 est.) Imports: $3.99 billion (1993) commodities: capital goods, petroleum, food, textiles partners: Hong Kong 7.5%, Singapore 7.4%, China 7.4%, Japan 7.1% (FY91/92 est.) External debt: $13.5 billion (June 1993) Industrial production: growth rate 6.9% (FY92/93 est.); accounts for 9.4% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 2,740,000 kW production: 9.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 70 kWh (1993) Industries: jute manufacturing, cotton textiles, food processing, steel, fertilizer Agriculture: accounts for 33% of GDP, 65% of employment, and one-fifth of exports; world's largest exporter of jute; commercial products - jute, rice, wheat, tea, sugarcane, potatoes, beef, milk, poultry; shortages include wheat, vegetable oils, cotton THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh Economy Illicit drugs: transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $11.65 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $6.52 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.5 billion Currency: 1 taka (Tk) = 100 poiska Exchange rates: taka (Tk) per US$1 - 40.250 (January 1995), 40.212 (1994), 39.567 (1993), 38.951 (1992), 36.596 (1991), 34.569 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh Transportation Railroads: total: 2,892 km broad gauge: 978 km 1.676-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,914 km 1.000-m gauge (1992) Highways: total: 7,240 km paved: 3,840 km unpaved: 3,400 km (1985) Inland waterways: 5,150-8,046 km navigable waterways (includes 2,575-3,058 km main cargo routes) Pipelines: natural gas 1,220 km Ports: Barisal, Chandpur, Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Dacca, Khulna, Mongla (includes Chalna), Narayanganj Merchant marine: total: 38 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 293,304 GRT/428,013 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 31, oil tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 3 Airports: total: 16 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh Communications Telephone system: 241,250 telephones; 1 telephone/522 persons; poor domestic telephone service local: NA intercity: NA international: 2 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth stations; adequate international radio communications and landline service Radio: broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 11 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bangladesh Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force paramilitary forces: Bangladesh Rifles, Bangladesh Ansars, Armed Police Reserve, Village Defense Parties, National Cadet Corps Manpower availability: males age 15-49 33,039,035; males fit for military service 19,607,817 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $448 million, 1.7% of GDP (FY93/94) BANGLADESH - Passport, visa, and onward/return ticket required. Tourist/business visa requires 2 application forms, 2 photos. Business visa also requires company letter. For longer stays and more information consult Embassy of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, 2201 Wisconsin Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/342-8373). Show Map x8dot3 Bengali Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BANGLADE *C Cf 6CvBj language !``1J" 2"2"2"2"2" 2"2"2"2"2" 2"2"2"2"2" 2"2"2"2"2 2??X"? ?%?"X 5O5`5 2%%?# %Q%X%X#% BBJ;;"JBB2 6"?%"%Q #?%X?% 00J;J;B 52`1B 2#X?%# ?#%??%#X X#?%X%? 1,;22 ""2"" "2J5`. JBB"B22BB0 2,11`) 2"O5`' &`&11 9$$B" 20,`m 5;1";1` 29H$$J ;OJ; 0JO5&" J;O0;;B 2J9BO OJ29" `5"O0 OO;OJ; JJBO;O; 525`J O;JJOJ ;;J;; "?Q?Q? Q?Q?Q?Q? 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Barbados Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BARBADOS x8dot3 English (British) language !*!* THE WORLD FACTBOOK Barbados Geography Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 430 sq km land area: 430 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 97 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; rainy season (June to October) Terrain: relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region Natural resources: petroleum, fishing, natural gas Land use: arable land: 77% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 9% forest and woodland: 0% other: 14% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers natural hazards: hurricanes (especially June to October); periodic landslides international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity Note: easternmost Caribbean island THE WORLD FACTBOOK Barbados People Population: 256,395 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 24% (female 30,175; male 31,507) 15-64 years: 66% (female 86,103; male 82,727) 65 years and over: 10% (female 15,849; male 10,034) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.24% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.45 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.27 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -4.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 19.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.16 years male: 71.47 years female: 77.06 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.78 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Barbadian(s) adjective: Barbadian Ethnic divisions: African 80%, European 4%, other 16% Religions: Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%), Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, unknown 3%, other 9% (1980) Languages: English Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970) total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% Labor force: 124,800 (1992) by occupation: services and government 41%, commerce 15%, manufacturing and construction 18%, transportation, storage, communications, and financial institutions 8%, agriculture 6%, utilities 2% (1992 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Barbados Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Barbados Digraph: BB Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Bridgetown Administrative divisions: 11 parishes; Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas note: the new city of Bridgetown may be given parish status Independence: 30 November 1966 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 30 November (1966) Constitution: 30 November 1966 Legal system: English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Nita BARROW (since 6 June 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Owen Seymour ARTHUR (since 6 September 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Billie MILLER (since 6 September 1994) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of a 21-member body appointed by the governor general House of Assembly: election last held 6 September 1994 (next to be held by January 1999); results - percentage vote by party NA; seats - (28 total) DLP 8, BLP 19, NDP 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Judicature Political parties and leaders: Democratic Labor Party (DLP),David THOMPSON; Barbados Labor Party (BLP), Owen ARTHUR; National Democratic Party (NDP), Richard HAYNES Other political or pressure groups: Barbados Workers Union, Leroy TROTMAN; People's Progressive Movement, Eric SEALY; Workers' Party of Barbados, Dr. George BELLE; Clement Payne Labor Union, David COMMISSIONG Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Barbados Government Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Courtney BLACKMAN chancery: 2144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-9218, 9219 FAX: [1] (202) 332-7467 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York consulate(s): Los Angeles US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Jeanette W. HYDE embassy: Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Building, Broad Street, Bridgetown mailing address: P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown; FPO AA 34055 telephone: [1] (809) 436-4950 FAX: [1] (809) 429-5246 Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Barbados Economy Overview: A per capita income of $9,200 gives Barbados one of the highest standards of living of all the small island states of the eastern Caribbean. Historically, the economy was based on the cultivation of sugarcane and related activities. In recent years, however, the economy has diversified into manufacturing and tourism. A moderate recovery that began in late 1993 after 3 years of contraction is mainly due to increased tourism and expansion in the construction sector. Economic prospects for 1995 depend mostly on continued growth in the industrialized countries, especially in Europe, which would spur further expansion in tourism. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $9,200 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 20.5% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $509 million expenditures: $636 million, including capital expenditures of $86 million (FY94/95 est.) Exports: $161 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components, clothing partners: US 13%, UK 10%, Trinidad and Tobago 9%, Windward Islands 8% Imports: $703 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components partners: US 36%, UK 11%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Japan 3% External debt: $652 million (1991 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 2% (FY93/94 est.); accounts for about 10% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 152,100 kW production: 510 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,841 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export Agriculture: accounts for 6% of GDP; major cash crop is sugarcane; other crops - vegetables, cotton; not self-sufficient in food Illicit drugs: one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for the US and Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Barbados Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $15 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $171 million Currency: 1 Barbadian dollar (Bds$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Barbadian dollars (Bds$) per US$1 - 2.0113 (fixed rate) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Barbados Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 1,570 km paved: 1,475 km unpaved: gravel, earth 95 km Ports: Bridgetown Merchant marine: total: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 61,563 GRT/103,632 DWT ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 6, oil tanker 2 Airports: total: 1 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Barbados Communications Telephone system: 89,000 telephones local: island wide automatic telephone system; intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad and Saint Lucia Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 (1 pay) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Barbados Defense Forces Branches: Royal Barbados Defense Force (includes the Ground Forces and Coast Guard), Royal Barbados Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 71,153; males fit for military service 49,488 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP BARBADOS - U.S. tourists traveling directly from the U.S. to Barbados may enter for up to 3 months stay with proof of U.S. citizenship (original or certified copy of birth certificate), photo ID and onward/return ticket. Passport required for longer visits and other types of travel. Business visas $25, single-entry and $30 multiple-entry (may require work permit). Departure tax of $25 is paid at airport. Check information with Embassy of Barbados, 2144 Wyoming Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/939-9200) or Consulate General in New York (212/867-8435). Barbados - Consular Information Sheet September 28, 1993 Country Description: Barbados has a moderately developed economy. Facilities for tourism are widely available. Entry Requirements: U.S. citizens may enter Barbados for up to three months without a passport, but must carry an original document proving U.S. citizenship, photo identification, and an onward/return ticket. A passport is required for longer visits and other types of travel. For further information concerning entry requirements for Barbados, travelers may contact the Embassy of Barbados at 2144 Wyoming Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 939-9200 or the Consulate General in New York. Medical Facilities: Medical care is generally good but may be limited in outlying areas. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. In some cases, supplementary medical insurance specifically for use overseas may be useful. For additional health information, contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Street crime, sometimes involving assault, occurs. Valuables left unattended on the beach are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A lost or stolen U.S. birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside of the United States. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Barbados. The U.S. Embassy is located in Bridgetown in the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Building on Broad Street; telephone (809) 436-4950. The Consular Section is located in the American Life Insurance Company (ALICO) Building, Cheapside; telephone (809) 431-0225. This Embassy is also responsible for U.S. interests in Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and the islands of the French West Indies including Martinique, Guadalupe and French St. Martin. U.S. citizens may call the U.S. Embassy to obtain updated information on travel and security in Barbados. No. 93-253 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 27, 1992 to include the French West Indies in the U.S. Embassy's area of responsibility. Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 photo_3 #5,5,5,5,5 ,5,5,5,5,5 ,5,5,5,5,5 ,5,5,5,5,5 ??#?%# B?%?#? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; ooCCoCooCo ooCoC OOJ;; fYYfYYfYYf YYfYY YfYYfYY fYYfYY fYYfYYfYYf YYfPYfY YYfPY fYPfYY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY ,IYYfYYfY YYfPY fYPfYY PYfYPfYY PfPYfYPfYY YYfPY YYfPYfY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPYfYPf YPfPY YYfPY YPfPY PYfYPfPY YfYYfYPfYY YYfPYfYYf YYfYYfYYfM YfYMf Belgium Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BELGIUM x8dot3 French language I9I9 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium Geography Location: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands Map references: Europe Area: total area: 30,510 sq km land area: 30,230 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland Land boundaries: total 1,385 km, France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km Coastline: 64 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: median line with neighbors exclusive fishing zone: median line with neighbors (extends about 68 km from coast) territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy Terrain: flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast Natural resources: coal, natural gas Land use: arable land: 24% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 21% other: 34% Irrigated land: 10 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: Meuse River, a major source of drinking water, polluted from steel production wastes; other rivers polluted by animal wastes and fertilizers; industrial air pollution contributes to acid rain in neighboring countries natural hazards: flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium Geography international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea Note: crossroads of Western Europe; majority of West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels which is the seat of the EU THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium People Population: 10,081,880 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 18% (female 875,079; male 919,939) 15-64 years: 66% (female 3,303,219; male 3,363,250) 65 years and over: 16% (female 969,966; male 650,427) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.17% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 11.46 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.22 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.21 years male: 73.94 years female: 80.67 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.62 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Belgian(s) adjective: Belgian Ethnic divisions: Fleming 55%, Walloon 33%, mixed or other 12% Religions: Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25% Languages: Dutch 56%, French 32%, German 1%, legally bilingual 11% divided along ethnic lines Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 4.126 million by occupation: services 63.6%, industry 28%, construction 6.1%, agriculture 2.3% (1988) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium conventional short form: Belgium local long form: Royaume de Belgique local short form: Belgique Digraph: BE Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (French: provinces, singular - province; Flemish: provincien, singular - provincie); Antwerpen, Brabant, Hainaut, Liege, Limburg, Luxembourg, Namur, Oost-Vlaanderen, West-Vlaanderen Independence: 4 October 1830 (from the Netherlands) National holiday: National Day, 21 July (ascension of King Leopold to the throne in 1831) Constitution: 7 February 1831, last revised 14 July 1993; parliament approved a constitutional package creating a federal state Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age, universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state: King ALBERT II (since 9 August 1993) head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Luc DEHAENE (since 6 March 1992) cabinet: Cabinet; the king appoints the ministers who are approved by the legislature Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: (Flemish - Senaat, French - Senat); elections last held 24 November 1991 (next to be held by the end of 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (184 total; of which 106 are directly elected; in the 1995 elections, seats will decrease to 71) CVP 20, SP 14, VLD 13, VU 5, AGALEV 5, VB 5, ROSSEN 1, PS 18, PRL 9, PSC 9, ECOLO 6, FDF 1 Chamber of Deputies: (Flemish - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, French - Chambre des Representants); elections last held 24 November 1991 (next to be held by 21 May 1995); results - CVP 16.7%, PS 13.6%, SP 12.0%, VLD 11.9%, PRL 8.2%, PSC 7.8%, VB 6.6%, VU 5.9%, ECOLO 5.1%, AGALEV 4.9%, FDF 2.6%, ROSSEM 3.2%, FN 1.5%; seats - (212 total; in 1995 elections, seats will decrease to 150) CVP 39, PS 35, SP 28, VLD 26, PRL 20, PSC 18, VB 12, VU 10, ECOLO 10, AGALEV 7, FDF 3, ROSSEM 3, FN 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Flemish - Hof van Cassatie, French - Cour de Cassation) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium Government Political parties and leaders: Flemish Christian Democrats (CVP - Christian People's Party), Johan van HECKE, president; Francophone Christian Democrats (PSC - Social Christian Party), Gerard DEPREZ, president; Flemish Socialist Party (SP), Louis TOBBACK, president; Francophone Socialist Party (PS), Philippe BUSQUIN, president; Flemish Liberal Democrats (VLD), Guy VERHOFSTADT, president; Francophone Liberal Reform Party (PRL), Jean GOL, president; Francophone Democratic Front (FDF), Georges CLERFAYT, president; Volksunie (VU), Bert ANCIAUX, president; Vlaams Blok (VB), Karel DILLEN, chairman; ROSSEM, Jean Pierre VAN ROSSEM; National Front (FN), Daniel FERET, president; AGALEV (Flemish Greens), no president; ECOLO (Francophone Ecologists), no president; other minor parties Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; Federation of Belgian Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as the Flemish Action Committee Against Nuclear Weapons and Pax Christi Member of: ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G- 9, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Andre ADAM (appointed 3 October 1994) chancery: 3330 Garfield Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-6900 FAX: [1] (202) 333-3079 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. BLINKEN embassy: 27 Boulevard du Regent, B-1000 Brussels mailing address: APO AE 09724; PSC 82, Box 002, Brussels telephone: [32] (2) 513 38 30 FAX: [32] (2) 511 27 25 Flag: three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the design was based on the flag of France THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium Economy Overview: This small private enterprise economy has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Industry is concentrated mainly in the populous Flemish area in the north, although the government is encouraging reinvestment in the southern region of Walloon. With few natural resources Belgium must import substantial quantities of raw materials and export a large volume of manufactures, making its economy unusually dependent on the state of world markets. Three-fourths of its trade is with other EU countries. The economy grew at a strong 4% pace during the period 1988-90, slowed to 1% in 1991-92, dropped by 1.5% in 1993, and recovered with 2.3% growth in 1994. Belgium's public debt has risen to 140% of GDP, and the government is trying to control its expenditures to bring the figure more into line with other industrialized countries. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $181.5 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $18,040 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (1994) Unemployment rate: 14.1% (December 1994) Budget: revenues: $97.8 billion expenditures: $109.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989) Exports: $117 billion (f.o.b., 1992) Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union commodities: iron and steel, transportation equipment, tractors, diamonds, petroleum products partners: EC 75.5%, US 3.7%, former Communist countries 1.4% (1991) Imports: $120 billion (c.i.f., 1992) Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union commodities: fuels, grains, chemicals, foodstuffs partners: EC 73%, US 4.8%, oil-exporting less developed countries 4%, former Communist countries 1.8% (1991) External debt: $31.3 billion (1992 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -0.1% (1993 est.); accounts for 25% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 14,040,000 kW production: 66 billion kWh consumption per capita: 6,334 kWh (1993) Industries: engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum, coal THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium Economy Agriculture: accounts for 2.0% of GDP; emphasis on livestock production - beef, veal, pork, milk; major crops are sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; net importer of farm products Illicit drugs: source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine entering the European market Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $5.8 billion Currency: 1 Belgian franc (BF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Belgian francs (BF) per US$1 - 31.549 (January 1995), 33.456 (1994), 34.597 (1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium Transportation Railroads: total: 3,410 km (2,362 km electrified; 2,563 km double track) standard gauge: 3,410 km 1.435-m gauge (1994) Highways: total: 137,912 km paved: 129,639 km (including 1,667 km of limited access divided highway) unpaved: 8,273 km (1992) Inland waterways: 2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) Pipelines: crude oil 161 km; petroleum products 1,167 km; natural gas 3,300 km Ports: Antwerp, Brugge, Gent, Hasselt, Liege, Mons, Namur, Oostende, Zeebrugge Merchant marine: total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 42,055 GRT/56,842 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 9, chemical tanker 6, liquefied gas 2, oil tanker 5 Airports: total: 43 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 6 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 22 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium Communications Telephone system: 4,720,000 telephones; highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities local: NA intercity: extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network; nationwide mobile phone system international: 5 submarine cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations and 1 EUTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 39, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 32 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belgium Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,559,077; males fit for military service 2,126,875; males reach military age (19) annually 61,488 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.9 billion, 1.8% of GDP (1994) BELGIUM - Passport required. Visa not required for business/tourist stay up to 90 days. Temporary residence permit required for longer stays. For residence authorization, consult Embassy of Belgium, 3330 Garfield St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/333-6900) or nearest Consulate General: Los Angeles (213/857-1244), Atlanta (404/659-2150), Chicago (312/263-6624) or New York (212/586-5110). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Belgium ============================================================ Belgium - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Belgium is a highly developed and stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information on entry requirements, contact the Embassy of Belgium at 3330 Garfield Street N.W., Washington D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 333-6900, or the Consulate General in Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, or New York. Medical Information: Medical facilities are widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Belgium has a relatively low crime rate in most regions, but U.S. citizens visiting major cities can become targets for pickpockets and purse snatchers, especially while traveling by metro (subway) and at tourist attractions. Theft of and from vehicles is the most common crime in Belgium, and the usual precautions apply. Crime victims themselves must make the report to the police in the district where the crime occurred, as third party notification of a crime is not accepted. As the police have a high recovery rate for stolen property, victims are encouraged to report all crimes. Belgian law requires that everyone carry some form of official identification with them at all times which must be displayed upon request to any police official. A U.S. passport suffices, and police are almost always satisfied if they see a photocopy of the photo page of the passport. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Belgium, the penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy location: U.S. citizens who reside in Belgium can register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy. The section has available updated information on travel and security in Belgium. The U.S. Embassy in Brussels is located at 27 Boulevard du Regent, telephone (32-2) 508-2111. No. 95-139 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued May 19, 1994 to show the U.S. Embassy's new telephone number. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Belgium ============================================================ Belgium - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Belgium is a highly developed and stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information on entry requirements, contact the Embassy of Belgium at 3330 Garfield Street N.W., Washington D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 333-6900, or the Consulate General in Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, or New York. Medical Information: Medical facilities are widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Belgium has a relatively low crime rate in most regions, but U.S. citizens visiting major cities can become targets for pickpockets and purse snatchers, especially while traveling by metro (subway) and at tourist attractions. Theft of and from vehicles is the most common crime in Belgium, and the usual precautions apply. Crime victims themselves must make the report to the police in the district where the crime occurred, as third party notification of a crime is not accepted. As the police have a high recovery rate for stolen property, victims are encouraged to report all crimes. Belgian law requires that everyone carry some form of official identification with them at all times which must be displayed upon request to any police official. A U.S. passport suffices, and police are almost always satisfied if they see a photocopy of the photo page of the passport. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Belgium, the penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy location: U.S. citizens who reside in Belgium can register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy. The section has available updated information on travel and security in Belgium. The U.S. Embassy in Brussels is located at 27 Boulevard du Regent, telephone (32-2) 508-2111. No. 95-139 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued May 19, 1994 to show the U.S. Embassy's new telephone number. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 photo_3 ?%Q?#%X##? 22"OO2B %?%%Q%??"? ??#%?# 20;"O ##?%##?%? 2"B;B BJJ2JBJB 2OO"OB $H9H2/9H$2 B2"O; Hc9O9;BHc9 ;BB;BO2B;; BBJB ;;00;J; 2"O""22 HJJ"9JJ9 2O2;" ;JJO; 2;;0; 2;OJO ;;OJO;B; J0;J0;; J;;J;;O JJBJ;; ;J;;OO2J;O JBJO; OBB"8 cLcLcLcLcL LcLLcc cLLDg LLn7LLmm ,"","@ %,"["%[,,% ,[%%> "2O;6 [%%[2[,%[[ ,#%%[%> #[[,[ %J[%%[[ `15,,J [,#[["[[ `5,O2~ ,",%, %%[J#% %2%%[%2,,, `!J"2{ S1!5,,"h "O55BM `331$ 1331`1 313133`3" %%>%% p`1p1 1p`1p1 11`11 [%[",% ,%[,[%,%,[ GnnGGnnG ,%"[,, [,[2[ ",",%%"%%, ,%%"% G@nG! 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; 676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 \d\d\d\ \d\d\d\ d\d\d\ \d\d\ \d\d\d\ \d\d\d\ d\d\d\ \d\d\d\d\ d\d\d\d\d\ d\d\d\d\d\ d\d\d\d\d\ d\d\d\d\d\ d\d\d\d\d\ d\d\d\d\dO ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1 zz-y. -2zvv 2-22v22z :.z22z2. 2z-2z 2.z2- 2z2z2 2zz2zz 1-2-z z.2zz .z-z2 zy2-- 2-_2z: z_ __u zzv-z ;;_;_22 __ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ ;_;__; ;__;_; :__;_;_ _;;_;;_;;_ ;__ _z 2;_;__ __;_;__2 -2--. ;{;_;__;_ 2.1.22.-2_ _;_;__ ;_;_;_3 3;_33;22 ;3;;_3; _;{;3;_;_; __ __ ;3;;3_;3 _3;;3{ _;3;;31 _;_3 --1-1 11-1-- --1-- 1--11 --11- 11-y1 --uyy1 1-1yy uy1yy-1--1 11,y11 11y--11 1u-11 1--11 11-1-- 1--11-- -1--1 -1-11 -1-11 1--11 -11-1 Belize Map Button Image +.+. THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belize Geography Location: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 22,960 sq km land area: 22,800 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Massachusetts Land boundaries: total 516 km, Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km Coastline: 386 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 miles; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for the negotiation of a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala International disputes: border with Guatemala in dispute; talks to resolve the dispute are stalled Climate: tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to February) Terrain: flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south Natural resources: arable land potential, timber, fish Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 2% forest and woodland: 44% other: 52% Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff natural hazards: frequent, devastating hurricanes (September to December) and coastal flooding (especially in south) international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping Note: national capital moved 80 km inland from Belize City to Belmopan because of hurricanes; only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belize People Population: 214,061 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 45,812; male 47,618) 15-64 years: 53% (female 55,630; male 57,230) 65 years and over: 3% (female 3,970; male 3,801) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.42% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 33.71 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.86 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -3.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 34.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.32 years male: 66.37 years female: 70.36 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.25 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Belizean(s) adjective: Belizean Ethnic divisions: mestizo 44%, Creole 30%, Maya 11%, Garifuna 7%, other 8% Religions: Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 30% (Anglican 12%, Methodist 6%, Mennonite 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Pentecostal 2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, other 2%), none 2%, other 6% (1980) Languages: English (official), Spanish, Maya, Garifuna (Carib) Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970) total population: 91% male: 91% female: 91% Labor force: 51,500 by occupation: agriculture 30%, services 16%, government 15.4%, commerce 11.2%, manufacturing 10.3% note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (1985) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belize Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Belize former: British Honduras Digraph: BH Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Belmopan Administrative divisions: 6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo Independence: 21 September 1981 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 21 September (1981) Constitution: 21 September 1981 Legal system: English law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG (since 17 November 1993) head of government: Prime Minister Manuel ESQUIVEL (since July 1993); Deputy Prime Minister Dean BARROW (since NA 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice from the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly Senate: consists of an 8-member appointed body; 5 members are appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 2 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 1 after consultation with the Belize Advisory Council (this council serves as an independent body to advise the governor-general with respect to difficult decisions such as granting pardons, commutations, stays of execution, the removal of justices of appeal who appear to be incompetent, etc.) National Assembly: elections last held 30 June 1993 (next to be held June 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (28 total) PUP 13 UDP 15 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: People's United Party (PUP), George PRICE, Florencio MARIN, Said MUSA; United Democratic Party (UDP), Manuel ESQUIVEL, Dean LINDO, Dean BARROW; National Alliance for Belizean Rights, Philip GOLDSON Other political or pressure groups: Society for the Promotion of Education and Research (SPEAR), Assad SHOMAN; United Workers Front, leader NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belize Government Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Dean R. LINDO chancery: 2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-9636 FAX: [1] (202) 332-6888 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles consulate(s): New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador George Charles BRUNO embassy: Gabourel Lane and Hutson Street, Belize City mailing address: P. O. Box 286, Belize City; APO: Unit 7401, APO AA 34025 telephone: [501] (2) 77161 through 77163 FAX: [501] (2) 30802 Flag: blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belize Economy Overview: The small, essentially private enterprise economy is based primarily on agriculture, agro-based industry, and merchandising, with tourism and construction assuming increasing importance. Agriculture accounts for about 30% of GDP and provides 75% of export earnings, while sugar, the chief crop, accounts for almost 40% of hard currency earnings. The US, Belize's main trading partner, is assisting in efforts to reduce dependency on sugar with an agricultural diversification program. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $575 million (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,750 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.5% (1991) Unemployment rate: 10% (1993 est.) Budget: revenues: $126.8 million expenditures: $123.1 million, including capital expenditures of $44.8 million (FY90/91 est.) Exports: $115 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: sugar, citrus fruits, bananas, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood partners: US 51%, UK, other EC (1992) Imports: $281 million (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, food, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals partners: US 57%, UK 8%, other EC 7%, Mexico (1992) External debt: $158 million (1992) Industrial production: growth rate 3.7% (1990); accounts for 12% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 34,532 kW production: 110 million kWh consumption per capita: 490 kWh (1993) Industries: garment production, food processing, tourism, construction Agriculture: commercial crops: bananas, coca, citrus fruits, fish, cultured shrimp, lumber Illicit drugs: transshipment point for cocaine; an illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; minor money-laundering center THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belize Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $104 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $215 million Currency: 1 Belizean dollar (Bz$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Belizean dollars (Bz$) per US$1 - 2.00 (fixed rate) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belize Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 2,710 km paved: 500 km unpaved: gravel 1,600 km; improved earth 300 km; unimproved earth 310 km Inland waterways: 825 km river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally navigable Ports: Belize City, Big Creek, Corozol, Punta Gorda Merchant marine: total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 170,002 GRT/270,893 DWT ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 25, container 4, oil tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, vehicle carrier 1 Airports: total: 46 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 35 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 9 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belize Communications Telephone system: 8,650 telephones; above-average system based on microwave radio relay local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Belize Defense Forces Branches: Belize Defense Force (includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Volunteer Guard), Belize National Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 50,499; males fit for military service 30,040; males reach military age (18) annually 2,285 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $11 million, 2.2% of GDP (FY93/94) BELIZE - Passport, return/onward ticket and sufficient funds required. Visa not required for stay up to 30 days. If visit exceeds 1 month, a stay permit must be obtained from the Immigration Authorities in Belize. AIDS test required for those staying more than 3 months; U.S. test accepted if within 3 months of visit. For longer stays and other information contact Embassy of Belize, 2535 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/332-9636) or the Belize Mission in New York at (212/599-0233). Belize - Consular Information Sheet September 2, 1994 Country Description: Belize is a developing country. Its tourism facilities vary in quality. Entry Requirements: A passport, a return/onward ticket, and sufficient funds are required for travel to Belize. U. S. citizens who stay less than three months do not need visas. However, for visits exceeding one month, travelers must obtain permits from immigration authorities in Belize. For further information, travelers may contact the Embassy of Belize at 2535 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 332-9636, the Belize Consulate in Miami, or the Belize Mission to the U.N. in New York. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. For additional health information, the traveler can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Petty crime, including pickpocketing and muggings, occurs. Visitors who walk alone on city streets, especially at night, or travel alone to a remote tourist site, are particularly at risk. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad." This publication, as well as others, such as "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America," are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Belize for possession and trafficking in drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In August 1991, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Belize's civil aviation authority as not in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Belize's carriers operating to and from the U.S. Typically, the same level of safety oversight is applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Registration: Americans who register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Belize City may obtain updated information on travel and security within Belize. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Belize is located at the intersection of Gabourel Lane and Hutson Street in Belize City, telephone (501-2) 77-161. No. 94-205 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 27, 1993 by adding information on aviation oversight. 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R=ds< "eyky \O((Z 9|| RF6 sT<<8 B Z 8 Benin Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BENIN x8dot3 French language 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Benin Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Nigeria and Togo Map references: Africa Area: total area: 112,620 sq km land area: 110,620 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania Land boundaries: total 1,989 km, Burkina 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km Coastline: 121 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 200 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north Terrain: mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains Natural resources: small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber Land use: arable land: 12% permanent crops: 4% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 35% other: 45% Irrigated land: 60 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: recent droughts have severely affected marginal agriculture in north; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north in winter international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea Note: no natural harbors THE WORLD FACTBOOK Benin People Population: 5,522,677 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 1,324,553; male 1,333,673) 15-64 years: 49% (female 1,431,630; male 1,299,180) 65 years and over: 3% (female 74,119; male 59,522) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.33% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 47.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 13.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 107.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 52.24 years male: 50.34 years female: 54.2 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.72 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Beninese (singular and plural) adjective: Beninese Ethnic divisions: African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500 Religions: indigenous beliefs 70%, Muslim 15%, Christian 15% Languages: French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 23% male: 32% female: 16% Labor force: 1.9 million (1987) by occupation: agriculture 60%, transport, commerce, and public services 38%, industry less than 2% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Benin Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Benin conventional short form: Benin local long form: Republique du Benin local short form: Benin former: Dahomey Digraph: BN Type: republic under multiparty democratic rule dropped Marxism-Leninism December 1989; democratic reforms adopted February 1990; transition to multiparty system completed 4 April 1991 Capital: Porto-Novo Administrative divisions: 6 provinces; Atakora, Atlantique, Borgou, Mono, Oueme, Zou Independence: 1 August 1960 (from France) National holiday: National Day, 1 August (1990) Constitution: 2 December 1990 Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Nicephore SOGLO (since 4 April 1991); election last held 10 and 24 March 1991 (next election 1996); results - Nicephore SOGLO 68%, Mathieu KEREKOU 32% cabinet: Executive Council; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 28 March 1995; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (83 total) Renaissance Party and allies 20, PRD 19, FARD-ALAFIA 10, PSD 7, NCC 3, RDL-VIVOTEN 3, Communist Party 2, Alliance Chameleon 1, RDP 1, ADP 1, other 16 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Benin Government Political parties and leaders: as of August 1994, 72 political parties were officially recognized; the following are among the most important: Alliance of the Democratic Union for the Forces of Progress (UDFP), Timothee ADANLIN; Movement for Democracy and Social Progress (MDPS), Jean-Roger AHOYO; Union for Liberty and Development (ULD), Marcellin DEGBE; Alliance of the National Party for Democracy and Development (PNDD) and the Democratic Renewal Party (PRD), Pascal Chabi KAO; Alliance of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Union for Solidarity and Progress (UNSP), Bruno AMOUSSOU; Our Common Cause (NCC), Albert TEVOEDJRE; National Rally for Democracy (RND), Joseph KEKE; Alliance of the National Movement for Democracy and Development (MNDD), leader NA; Movement for Solidarity, Union, and Progress (MSUP), Adebo ADENIYI; Union for Democracy and National Reconstruction (UDRN), Azaria FAKOREDE; Union for Democracy and National Solidarity (UDS), Mama Amadou N'DIAYE; Assembly of Liberal Democrats for National Reconstruction (RDL), Severin ADJOVI; Alliance for Social Democracy (ASD), Robert DOSSOU; Bloc for Social Democracy (BSD), Michel MAGNIDE; Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP), Akindes ADEKPEDJOU, and the Democratic Union for Social Renewal (UDRS), Bio Gado Seko N'GOYE; National Union for Democracy and Progress (UNDP), Robert TAGNON; Party for Progress and Democracy, Thiophile NATA; FARD-ALAFIA, Mathieu KEREKOU; The Renaissance Party, Nicephore SOGLO; The Patriotic Union for the Republic (UPR), Jean-Marie ZAHOUN; Union for the Conservation of Democracy, Bernard HOUEGNON Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Lucien Edgar TONOUKOUIN chancery: 2737 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 232-6656, 6657, 6658 FAX: [1] (202) 265-1996 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Ruth A. DAVIS embassy: Rue Caporal Bernard Anani, Cotonou mailing address: B. P. 2012, Cotonou telephone: [229] 30-06-50, 30-05-13, 30-17-92 FAX: [229] 41-15-22 Flag: two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red with a vertical green band on the hoist side THE WORLD FACTBOOK Benin Economy Overview: The economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Growth in real output has averaged a sound 4% in 1991-94 but this rate barely exceeds the rapid population growth of 3.3%. Inflation jumped to 35% in 1994 (compared to 3% in 1993) following the 50% currency devaluation in January. Commercial and transport activities, which make up almost 36% of GDP, are extremely vulnerable to developments in Nigeria as evidenced by decreased reexport trade in 1994 due to a severe contraction in Nigerian demand. The industrial sector accounts for less than 10% of GDP and mainly produces foods, beverages, cement, and textiles. Support by the Paris Club and official bilateral creditors has eased the external debt situation in recent years. The government, still burdened with money-losing state enterprises and a bloated civil service, is gradually implementing a World Bank supported structural adjustment program. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,260 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 35% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $272 million (1993 est.) expenditures: $375 million, including capital expenditures of $84 million (1993 est.) Exports: $332 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: cotton, crude oil, palm products, cocoa partners: FRG 36%, France 16%, Spain 14%, Italy 8%, UK 4% Imports: $571 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, petroleum products, intermediate goods, capital goods, light consumer goods partners: France 20%, Thailand 8%, Netherlands 7%, US 5% External debt: $1 billion (December 1990 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -0.7% (1988); accounts for 10% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 30,000 kW production: 10 million kWh consumption per capita: 25 kWh (1993) Industries: textiles, cigarettes, construction materials, beverages, food, petroleum THE WORLD FACTBOOK Benin Economy Agriculture: accounts for 35% of GDP; small farms produce 90% of agricultural output; production is dominated by food crops - corn, sorghum, cassava, yams, beans, rice; cash crops include cotton, palm oil, peanuts; poultry and livestock output has not kept up with consumption Illicit drugs: transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western Europe and the US Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $46 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.3 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $19 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $101 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Benin Transportation Railroads: total: 578 km (single track) narrow gauge: 578 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 8,435 km paved: 1,038 km unpaved: crushed stone 2,600 km; improved earth 1,530 km; unimproved earth 3,267 km Inland waterways: navigable along small sections, important only locally Ports: Cotonou, Porto-Novo Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 7 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Benin Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; fair system of open wire and microwave radio relay local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay and open wire international: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station, submarine cable Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Benin Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), National Gendarmerie Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,165,463; females age 15-49 1,249,234; males fit for military service 596,956; females fit for military service 631,780; males reach military age (18) annually 60,282 (1995 est.); females reach military age (18) annually 58,770 (1995 est.) note: both sexes are liable for miltary service Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $33 million, 3.2% of GDP (1994) &(&(BENIN - Passport and visa required. Entry/transit visa for stay up to 90 days, requires $20 fee (no personal checks), 2 application forms, 2 photos, vaccination certificates for yellow fever and cholera, proof of return/onward transportation (guarantee from travel agency or photocopy of round trip ticket) and letter of guarantee from employer. Send prepaid envelope for return of passport by certified or express mail. Apply at Embassy of the Republic of Benin, 2737 Cathedral Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/232-6656). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Benin ============================================================ Benin - Consular Information Sheet November 21, 1995 Country Description: Benin is a developing west African country. Its capital city is Porto Novo; however, the city of Cotonou is the main port and largest city, site of the international airport and most government, commercial, and tourist activity. Tourist facilities in Cotonou are available, but are not fully developed elsewhere. Entry Requirements: A visa is required. Travelers should obtain the latest information from the Embassy of the Republic of Benin, 2737 Cathedral Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 232-6656. Overseas, inquiries should be made at the nearest Beninese Embassy or Consulate. Areas of Instability: Travel at night, outside of population centers, poses a risk principally because of poor road conditions. Travelers may wish to contact the U.S. Embassy for the latest security information. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Benin are limited. Not all medicines are available, and doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid or accepted outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. Travelers have found supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage to be useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Street crime, especially within Cotonou, continues to rise. Most robberies and muggings occur along the Marina Boulevard and the beach near the hotels frequented by international visitors. Some of the incidents reported involve the use of force, often by armed persons, with occasional minor injury to the victim. Isolated areas are best avoided. Business fraud stemming from Nigerian scam operations targets foreigners, including Americans, and poses a danger of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals in Benin with individuals promoting investment in Nigeria, especially the Central Bank of Nigeria or the Nigerian National Petroleum Company, are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of Commerce or the U.S. Department of State before providing any information, making financial commitments, or traveling to Benin. The Department of State has issued a brochure for business travelers to Nigeria; single copies are available at no charge from the Office of American Citizens Services and Crisis Management, Room 4811, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520-4818. Please enclose a stamped, self-addressed envelope. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens are encouraged to register with the U.S. Embassy in Cotonou at Rue Caporal Anani Bernard, and to obtain updated information on travel and security in Benin. The Embassy's mailing address is B.P. 2012, Cotonou, Benin. The telephone numbers are (229) 30-06-50, 30-05-13, and 30-17-92. The fax numbers are (229) 30-14-39 and 30-19-74. No. 95-147 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 28, 1995, to include information on the prevalence of Nigerian business scams operating in Benin. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Benin ============================================================ Benin - Consular Information Sheet November 21, 1995 Country Description: Benin is a developing west African country. Its capital city is Porto Novo; however, the city of Cotonou is the main port and largest city, site of the international airport and most government, commercial, and tourist activity. Tourist facilities in Cotonou are available, but are not fully developed elsewhere. Entry Requirements: A visa is required. Travelers should obtain the latest information from the Embassy of the Republic of Benin, 2737 Cathedral Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 232-6656. Overseas, inquiries should be made at the nearest Beninese Embassy or Consulate. Areas of Instability: Travel at night, outside of population centers, poses a risk principally because of poor road conditions. Travelers may wish to contact the U.S. Embassy for the latest security information. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Benin are limited. Not all medicines are available, and doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid or accepted outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. Travelers have found supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage to be useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Street crime, especially within Cotonou, continues to rise. Most robberies and muggings occur along the Marina Boulevard and the beach near the hotels frequented by international visitors. Some of the incidents reported involve the use of force, often by armed persons, with occasional minor injury to the victim. Isolated areas are best avoided. Business fraud stemming from Nigerian scam operations targets foreigners, including Americans, and poses a danger of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals in Benin with individuals promoting investment in Nigeria, especially the Central Bank of Nigeria or the Nigerian National Petroleum Company, are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of Commerce or the U.S. Department of State before providing any information, making financial commitments, or traveling to Benin. The Department of State has issued a brochure for business travelers to Nigeria; single copies are available at no charge from the Office of American Citizens Services and Crisis Management, Room 4811, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520-4818. Please enclose a stamped, self-addressed envelope. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens are encouraged to register with the U.S. Embassy in Cotonou at Rue Caporal Anani Bernard, and to obtain updated information on travel and security in Benin. The Embassy's mailing address is B.P. 2012, Cotonou, Benin. The telephone numbers are (229) 30-06-50, 30-05-13, and 30-17-92. The fax numbers are (229) 30-14-39 and 30-19-74. No. 95-147 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 28, 1995, to include information on the prevalence of Nigerian business scams operating in Benin. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 "2,;B 1p1p` `5&OJB O,51; ``!15+ 2J,51v `155JBJ+ ,&15/ ``1!`1 60JO;J BJ;2 &0 B,5`g 15&5O" S5J5+`& OO2BB"2 ??%?? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; ".!1!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,! ;f;f;f ;f;f;f; ;f;f;f; ;f;f; ;f;f;f ;f;f;f; ;f;f;f; ;f;f; ;f;f;f ;f;f;f; ;f;f;f; ;f;fH;, -1--11 --11- Bermuda Map Button Image U%U% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda Header Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda Geography Location: North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US) Map references: North America Area: total area: 50 sq km land area: 50 sq km comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 103 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter Terrain: low hills separated by fertile depressions Natural resources: limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 20% other: 80% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: hurricanes (June to November) international agreements: NA Note: consists of about 360 small coral islands with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some reclaimed land leased by US Government THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda People Population: 61,629 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 0.76% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.07 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.3 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 13.16 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.03 years male: 73.36 years female: 76.97 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.81 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian Ethnic divisions: black 61%, white and other 39% Religions: Anglican 37%, Roman Catholic 14%, African Methodist Episcopal (Zion) 10%, Methodist 6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, other 28% Languages: English Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1970) total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% Labor force: 32,000 by occupation: clerical 25%, services 22%, laborers 21%, professional and technical 13%, administrative and managerial 10%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1984) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda Digraph: BD Type: dependent territory of the UK Capital: Hamilton Administrative divisions: 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK) National holiday: Bermuda Day, 24 May Constitution: 8 June 1968 Legal system: English law Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Lord David WADDINGTON (since 25 August 1992) head of government: Premier John William David SWAN (since NA January 1982); Deputy Premier J. Irving PEARMAN (since 5 October 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of an 11-member body appointed by the governor House of Assembly: elections last held 5 October 1993 (next to be held by NA October 1998); results - percent of vote by party UBP 50%, PLP 46%, independents 4%; seats - (40 total) UBP 22, PLP 18 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), John W. D. SWAN; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Frederick WADE; National Liberal Party (NLP), Gilbert DARRELL Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU), Ottiwell SIMMONS Member of: CARICOM (observer), CCC, ICFTU, INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the UK) US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Robert A. FARMER consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; PSC 1002, FPO AE 09727-1002 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda Government telephone: [1] (809) 295-1342 FAX: [1] (809) 295-1592 Flag: red with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and blue shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda Economy Overview: Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing luxury tourist facilities and financial services. The tourist industry attracts more than 90% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.5% (1994) National product per capita: $28,000 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (1993) Unemployment rate: 6% (1991) Budget: revenues: $327.5 million expenditures: $308.9 million, including capital expenditures of $35.4 million (FY90/91 est.) Exports: $60 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: semitropical produce, light manufactures, re-exports of pharmaceuticals partners: US 62.4%, UK 20% Imports: $519 million (f.o.b.,1993) commodities: fuel, foodstuffs, machinery partners: US 38%, UK 5%, Canada 5% External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 140,000 kW production: 504 million kWh consumption per capita: 7,745 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism, finance, structural concrete products, paints, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing Agriculture: accounts for less than 1% of GDP; most basic foods must be imported; produces bananas, vegetables, citrus fruits, flowers, dairy products Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $34 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $277 million Currency: 1 Bermudian dollar (Bd$) = 100 cents THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda Economy Exchange rates: Bermudian dollar (Bd$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (fixed rate) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 210 km paved: 210 km note: in addition, there are 400 km of paved and unpaved roads that are privately owned Ports: Hamilton, Saint George Merchant marine: total: 65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,144,245 GRT/5,152,030 DWT ships by type: bulk 14, cargo 4, container 7, liquefied gas tanker 15, oil tanker 16, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 5, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 1 note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 12 countries among which are UK 6 ships, Canada 4, US 4, Sweden 3, Hong Kong 2, Mexico 2, Norway 2, Australia 1, Germany 1, NZ 1 Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda Communications Telephone system: 52,670 telephones; modern, fully automatic telephone system local: NA intercity: NA international: 3 submarine cables; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bermuda Defense Forces Branches: Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK BERMUDA - Proof of U.S. citizenship, photo ID and onward/return ticket required for tourist stay up to 21 days. Departure tax of $10 is paid at airport. For further information consult British Embassy (202/986-0205). Bermuda - Consular Information Sheet October 13, 1994 Country Description: Bermuda is a highly developed British dependent territory with a stable democracy and a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: Proof of U.S. citizenship, a photo ID and an onward/return ticket are required for tourist stays of up to 21 days. For further information concerning entry requirements for Bermuda, travelers may contact the Embassy of the United Kingdom at 3100 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 462-1340, or the nearest British consulate in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, New York or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical care is available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid out of the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Bermuda has a low crime rate. However, during the tourist season, pickpocketing, theft of unattended baggage, and theft from vehicles can occur. Popular tourist attractions such as museums, monuments, restaurants, hotels, and transportation systems are often areas where criminals operate. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. A lost or stolen birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside of the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. U.S. citizens who are taking medication for a particular illness must inform the Bermuda Customs officials at the point of entry. Medicines must be in labeled containers. Travelers may wish to carry a copy of the written prescription and also a letter from the physician or pharmacist confirming the reason the medicine has been prescribed. Consulate Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register with the consular section of the U.S. Consulate General, located at Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton; telephone (809) 295-1342, where they may also obtain updated information on travel and security in Bermuda. No. 94-236 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 28, 1993 to amend the country description section. Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BERMUDA V=b={G language ?%%?%% ?%%?%? %#%X?%?2 ;B;JJ" ?%%?%` X%??"%%? J;0OJJO;; ?%?%%? %>%%?%?? 2;;OJO;J 4HHB2 "g$gDH 9924$$ O2"O22"2BJ 22OB 0$99$9 2"2O2J2 BBO2"O Q?QQ? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Bhutan Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BHUTAN x8dot3 * THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bhutan Geography Location: Southern Asia, between China and India Map references: Asia Area: total area: 47,000 sq km land area: 47,000 sq km comparative area: slightly more than half the size of Indiana Land boundaries: total 1,075 km, China 470 km, India 605 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas Terrain: mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna Natural resources: timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 5% forest and woodland: 70% other: 23% Irrigated land: 340 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: soil erosion; limited access to potable water natural hazards: violent storms coming down from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season international agreements: party to - Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea Note: landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bhutan People Population: 1,780,638 (July 1995 est.) note: other estimates range as low as 600,000 Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (female 342,276; male 368,916) 15-64 years: 56% (female 486,258; male 513,560) 65 years and over: 4% (female 34,215; male 35,413) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.34% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 39.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 15.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 118.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 51.03 years male: 51.56 years female: 50.48 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.39 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural) adjective: Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%, indigenous or migrant tribes 15% Religions: Lamaistic Buddhism 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25% Languages: Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry and commerce 2% note: massive lack of skilled labor THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bhutan Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan conventional short form: Bhutan Digraph: BT Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Administrative divisions: 18 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang Independence: 8 August 1949 (from India) National holiday: National Day, 17 December (1907) (Ugyen Wangchuck became first hereditary king) Constitution: no written constitution or bill of rights Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: each family has one vote in village-level elections Executive branch: Chief of State and Head of Government: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972) Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde): nominated by the king cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog); appointed by the king Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Tshogdu); no national elections Judicial branch: High Court Political parties and leaders: no legal parties Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy; Indian merchant community; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign Member of: AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IMF, INTELSAT, IOC, ITU, NAM, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO Diplomatic representation in US: Bhutan has no embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by Ugyen TSERING, located at 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017, telephone [1] (212) 826-1919; note - the Bhutanese mission to the UN has consular jurisdiction in the US consulate(s) general: New York honorary consulate(s): San Francisco; Washington, DC US diplomatic representation: no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bhutan Government Flag: divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is orange and the lower triangle is red; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bhutan Economy Overview: The economy, one of the world's least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for 90% of the population and account for about half of GDP. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links. The industrial sector is small and technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources; however, the government limits the number of tourists to 4,000 per year to minimize foreign influence. Much of the impetus for growth has come from large public-sector companies. Nevertheless, in recent years, Bhutan has shifted toward decentralized development planning and greater private initiative. The government privatized several large public-sector firms, is revamping its trade regime and liberalizing administerial procedures over industrial licensing. The government's industrial contribution to GDP decreased from 13% in 1988 to about 11% in 1993. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $700 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (October 1994) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $52 million expenditures: $150 million, including capital expenditures of $95 million (FY93/94 est.) note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures Exports: $66.8 million (f.o.b., FY93/94) commodities: cardamon, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, electricity (to India), precious stones, spices partners: India 87%, Bangladesh Imports: $97.6 million (c.i.f., FY93/94 est.) commodities: fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice partners: India 79%, Japan, UK, Germany, US External debt: $141 million (October 1994) Industrial production: growth rate 7.6% (1992 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP; primarily cottage industry and home based handicrafts Electricity: capacity: 360,000 kW THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bhutan Economy production: 1.7 billion kWh consumption per capita: 143 kWh (1993) note: Bhutan exports electricity to India Industries: cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide Agriculture: rice, corn, root crops, citrus fruit, dairy products, foodgrains, eggs Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $115 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $11 million Currency: 1 ngultrum (Nu) = 100 chetrum; note - Indian currency is also legal tender Exchange rates: ngultrum (Nu) per US$1 - 31.374 (January 1995), 31.374 (1994), 30.493 (1993), 25.918 (1992), 22.742 (1991), 17.504 (1990); note - the Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bhutan Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 2,165 km paved: NA unpaved: gravel 1,703 km undifferentiated: 462 km Ports: none Airports: total: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bhutan Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; domestic telephone service is very poor with very few telephones in use local: NA intercity: NA international: international telephone and telegraph service is by land line through India; an earth station was planned (1990) Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1990) radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 (1990) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bhutan Defense Forces Branches: Royal Bhutan Army, Palace Guard, Militia, Royal Bhutan Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 434,586; males fit for military service 232,121; males reach military age (18) annually 17,365 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP BHUTAN - Passport and visa required. Visa requires $20 fee, 1 application and 2 photos. Tourist visas arranged by Tourism Department and issued at entry checkpoints in Bhutan. Apply 2 months in advance. Yellow fever vaccination required if traveling from an infected area. For further information call the Consulate of the Kingdom of Bhutan in New York (212/826-1919). Bhutan - Consular Information Sheet October 5, 1994 Country Description: Bhutan is a small land-locked Himalayan nation with a monarchy. It is a protectorate of India. Facilities for tourism are limited. Entry Requirements: Tourists are admitted only in groups by prearrangement with Bhutan's Ministry of Tourism. Entry must be via India, Bangladesh or Nepal; the border with China is closed. A passport and visa are required. For entry information, the traveler can contact the Bhutan Travel Service, 120 East 56 Street, New York, N.Y., 10022, telephone (212) 838-6382, or the Consulate of the Kingdom of Bhutan in New York, telephone (212) 826-1919. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Bhutan are limited. Some medicine is in short supply. Doctors and clinics often require immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including medical evacuation, has proved helpful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: There is relatively little crime in Bhutan. However, some pickpocketing and purse snatching occurs. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to South Asia." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced in Bhutan. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, at one of the U.S. Consulates in India, or the U.S. Embassy in Dhaka, can obtain updated information on travel and security in Bhutan. Embassy Location: There is no U.S. Embassy or Consulate in Bhutan. Informal contact between Bhutan and the United States is maintained through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi. For assistance, U.S. citizens can contact the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, located on Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, 110021, or a U.S. Consulate in Bombay, Calcutta or Madras. The U.S. Embassy in Dhaka, Bangladesh, located at the Diplomatic Enclave, Madani Avenue, Baridhara, can also provide assistance in certain instances. The Embassy telephone number in New Delhi is (91-11) 600-651. In Dhaka, the Embassy telephone number is (880-2) 884-700. No. 94-230 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 27, 1993 to correct the U.S. Embassy telephone numbers. Map Button Image Show Map 2JJ2;"3 BBOBOB OBOOB 2BOJ;O B0O22 ?##? " 22"22"" OOJO22 B;2OO %?%%? #%%?X"?? 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HhjRH 0QMRFc: 00=!0r:=; .;!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= !=1=!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= !=1=!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= !=1=!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= !=1=!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= !=1=!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= !=1=!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= !=1=!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= !=1=!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= !=1=!=1=!= 1=!=1=!=1= Bolivia Map Button Image = THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia Geography Location: Central South America, southwest of Brazil Map references: South America Area: total area: 1,098,580 sq km land area: 1,084,390 sq km comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Montana Land boundaries: total 6,743 km, Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Chile over Rio Lauca water rights Climate: varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid Terrain: rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin Natural resources: tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 25% forest and woodland: 52% other: 20% Irrigated land: 1,650 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation natural hazards: cold, thin air of high plateau is obstacle to efficient fuel combustion, as well as to physical activity by those unaccustomed to it from birth; flooding in the northeast (March to April) international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia Geography Note: landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia People Population: 7,896,254 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 39% (female 1,542,931; male 1,565,624) 15-64 years: 57% (female 2,276,308; male 2,188,100) 65 years and over: 4% (female 174,419; male 148,872) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.25% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 31.61 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.12 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 70.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.85 years male: 61.39 years female: 66.43 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.1 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Bolivian(s) adjective: Bolivian Ethnic divisions: Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo (mixed European and Indian ancestry) 25%-30%, European 5%-15% Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1992) total population: 80% male: 88% female: 72% Labor force: 3.54 million by occupation: agriculture NA, services and utilities 20%, manufacturing, mining and construction 7% (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia conventional short form: Bolivia local long form: Republica de Bolivia local short form: Bolivia Digraph: BL Type: republic Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Administrative divisions: 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija Independence: 6 August 1825 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August (1825) Constitution: 2 February 1967 Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single) Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamente (since 6 August 1993); Vice President Victor Hugo CARDENAS Conde (since 6 August 1993); election last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held May 1997); results - Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (MNR) 34%, Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN/MIR alliance) 20%, Carlos PALENQUE Aviles (CONDEPA) 14%, Max FERNANDEZ Rojas (UCS) 13%, Antonio ARANIBAR Quiroga (MBL) 5%; no candidate received a majority of the popular vote; Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA won a congressional runoff election on 4 August 1993 after forming a coalition with Max FERNANDEZ and Antonio ARANIBAR; FERNANDEZ left the coalition in 1994 cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president from panel proposed by the Senate Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional) Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados): elections last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held May 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (130 total) MNR 52, UCS 20, ADN 17, MIR 17, CONDEPA 13, MBL 7, ARBOL 1, ASD 1, EJE 1, PCD 1 Chamber of Senators (Camara de Senadores): elections last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held May 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (27 total) MNR 17, ADN 4, MIR 4, CONDEPA 1, UCS 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia Government Political parties and leaders: Left parties: Free Bolivia Movement (MBL), Antonio ARANIBAR; April 9 Revolutionary Vanguard (VR-9), Carlos SERRATE; Alternative of Democratic Socialism (ASD), Jerjes JUSTIANO; Revolutionary Front of the Left (FRI), Oscar ZAMORA; Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB); Socialist Unzaguista Movement (MAS); Socialist Party One (PS-1); Bolivian Communist Party (PCB) Center-Left parties: Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR), Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA; Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), Jaime PAZ Zamora, Oscar EID; Christian Democrat (PCD), Jorge AGREDA Center-Right party: Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN), Jorge LANDIVAR, Hugo BANZER populist parties: Civic Solidarity Union (UCS), Max FERNANDEZ Rojas; Conscience of the Fatherland (CONDEPA), Carlos PALENQUE Aviles; Popular Patriotic Movement (MPP), Julio MANTILLA; Unity and Progress Movement (MUP), Ivo KULJIS Evangelical: Bolivian Renovating Alliance (ARBOL), Hugo VILLEGAS indigenous: Tupac Katari Revolutionary Liberation Movement (MRTK-L), Victor Hugo CARDENAS Conde; Patriotic Axis of Convergence (EJE-P), Ramiro BARRANCHEA; National Katarista Movement (MKN), Fernando UNTOJA Member of: AG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Andres PETRICEVIC Raznatovic chancery: 3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-4410 through 4412 FAX: [1] (202) 328-3712 consulate(s) general: Miami, New York, and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Curt Warren KAMMAN embassy: Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz mailing address: P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032 telephone: [591] (2) 430251 FAX: [591] (2) 4339000 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia Economy Overview: With its long history of semifeudal social controls, dependence on volatile prices for its mineral exports, and bouts of hyperinflation, Bolivia has remained one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries. However, Bolivia has experienced generally improving economic conditions since the PAZ Estenssoro administration (1985-89) introduced market-oriented policies which reduced inflation from 11,700% in 1985 to about 20% in 1988. PAZ Estenssoro was followed as President by Jaime PAZ Zamora (1989-93) who continued the free-market policies of his predecessor, despite opposition from his own party and from Bolivia's once powerful labor movement. By maintaining fiscal discipline, PAZ Zamora helped reduce inflation to 9.3% in 1993, while GDP grew by an annual average of 3.25% during his tenure. Inaugurated in August 1993, President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA has vowed to advance the market-oriented economic reforms he helped launch as PAZ Estenssoro's planning minister. His successes so far have included an inflation rate that continues to decrease - the 1994 rate of 8.5% was the lowest in ten years - the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico, and progress on his unique privatization plan. The main privatization bill was passed by the Bolivian legislature in late March 1994. Related laws - one that establishes SIRESE, the regulatory agency that will oversee the privatizations, and another that outlines the rules for privatization in the electricity sector - were approved later in the year. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $18.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,370 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.5% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 6.2% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $3.75 billion expenditures: $3.75 billion, including capital expenditures of $556.2 million (1995 est.) Exports: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: metals 39%, natural gas 9%, soybeans 11%, jewelry 11%, wood 8% partners: US 26%, Argentina 15% (1993 est.) Imports: $1.21 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: capital goods 48%, chemicals 11%, petroleum 5%, food 5% (1993 est.) partners: US 24%, Argentina 13%, Brazil 11%, Japan 11% (1993 est.) External debt: $4.2 billion (January 1995) Industrial production: growth rate 5% (1994 est.) Electricity: capacity: 756,200 kW production: 2.116 billion kWh THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia Economy consumption per capita: 367 kWh (1994) Industries: mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverage, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing; illicit drug industry reportedly produces 15% of its revenues Agriculture: accounts for about 21% of GDP (including forestry and fisheries); principal commodities - coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, timber; self-sufficient in food Illicit drugs: world's second-largest producer of coca (after Peru) with an estimated 48,100 hectares under cultivation in 1994; voluntary and forced eradication programs unable to prevent production from rising to 89,800 metric tons in 1994 from 84,400 tons in 1993; government considers all but 12,000 hectares illicit; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia and Brazil to the US and other international drug markets; alternative crop program aims to reduce illicit coca cultivation Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $990 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.025 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $340 million Currency: 1 boliviano ($B) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: bolivianos ($B) per US$1 - 4.72 (January 1995), 4.6205 (1994), 4.2651 (1993), 3.9005 (1992), 3.5806 (1991), 3.1727 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia Transportation Railroads: total: 3,684 km (single track) narrow gauge: 3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 32 km 0.760-m gauge Highways: total: 42,815 km paved: 1,865 km unpaved: gravel 12,000 km; improved/unimproved earth 28,950 km Inland waterways: 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways Pipelines: crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km Ports: none; however, Bolivia has free port privileges in the maritime ports of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay Merchant marine: total: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,214 GRT/6,390 DWT Airports: 1,382 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 1,016 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 77 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 275 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia Communications Telephone system: about 150,000 telephones; about 2.0 telephones/100 persons; new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones in La Paz and other cities; microwave radio relay system being expanded; improved international services local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay system international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 129, FM 0, shortwave 68 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 43 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bolivia Defense Forces Branches: Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,885,485; males fit for military service 1,226,218; males reach military age (19) annually 81,065 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $134 million; 1.9% of GDP (1994) BOLIVIA - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist stay up to 30 days. Business visa requires $50 fee and company letter explaining purpose of trip. Send SASE for return of passport by mail. AIDS test required for resident visa. U.S. test sometimes accepted. For more information contact Embassy of Bolivia (Consular Section), 3014 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/232-4828 or 483-4410) or nearest Consulate General: San Francisco (415/495-5173), Miami (305/358-3450), New York (212/687-0530) or Houston (713/780-8001). (Check special requirements for pets.) Bolivia - Consular Information Sheet September 2, 1994 Country Description: Bolivia is a developing nation with a slowly growing economy. Facilities for tourism are adequate but vary greatly in quality. Roads outside the major cities are frequently unpaved. Rail transportation is below standard. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. U.S. citizens do not need a visa for a one-month stay. For current information concerning entry and customs requirements for Bolivia, travelers can contact the Bolivian Embassy at 3014 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 483- 4410 or the nearest consulate in Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Houston, New Orleans or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical care in large cities is adequate but of varying quality. Doctors and hospitals usually expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not valid in Bolivia. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. Cholera is present in Bolivia. Visitors who follow proper precautions about food and drink are not usually at risk. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers' hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Street crime such as pickpocketing and theft from parked vehicles is common. Violent crimes or crimes involving weapons are rare. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" which is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Also available from the same address is the Department of State publication "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America." Areas of Instability: Because of anti-narcotics activities in the Chapare region between Santa Cruz and Cochabamba the potential for security risks exists in this area. Travelers to this area should consult with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy prior to travel. Terrorist Activities: There have been isolated terrorist incidents against American official installations and resident missionaries over the past four years. There were two incidents in 1993, involving a U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) facility in La Paz and a Mormon church in El Alto. No incidents occurred in the first half of 1994. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Bolivia for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Arrested persons can expect to wait in prison for up to two years before being sentenced. Adoptions: Adoptions or the granting of legal custody for subsequent adoption abroad is possible for foreigners. Selection of a reputable attorney and agency is essential. Processing can take weeks or months and must conform with both Bolivian and U.S. law. Bolivian laws governing adoptions by foreigners has changed in the past year but has not yet been fully implemented awaiting the appointment of new judges to handle these cases. The Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy is unable to intervene on behalf of adoptive parents to bypass legal requirements and bureaucratic obstacles. Updated information on adoption processing in Bolivia is available from the Consular Section of the Embassy. Additional information is available by writing the Office of Citizens Consular Services, CA/OCS/CCS, Room 4817, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520 or by telephoning (202) 647-3712. Other Information: La Paz and other cities have been the scene of frequent demonstrations by various local groups. Although not specifically directed at foreigners, these demonstrations have resulted in occasional confrontations between police and demonstrators in which tear gas and force have been used. Visitors to Bolivia are advised to avoid any area in which demonstrations are in progress. Strikes and various kinds of civic actions can occur at any time and may result in disruption of transportation on a local or national level. Civil Aviation Oversight: In January 1994, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Bolivia's civil aviation authority as not in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Bolivia's carriers operating to and from the U.S. While consultations to correct the deficiencies are ongoing, air carriers licensed by Bolivia are permitted to conduct limited operations to the U.S. subject to heightened FAA surveillance. The FAA is not providing heightened surveillance for operations to destinations other than the U.S. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: Americans are encouraged to register with the Consular Section of the American Embassy located in the Edificio Tobia, Calle Potosi, corner with Calle Colon. This is one block above the U.S. Embassy which is located on Calle Colon. The Consular Section telephone number is (591-2) 356685. There are also U.S. consular agencies in Santa Cruz and Cochabamba which are open mornings only. The agency in Santa Cruz is located in the Edificio Oriente, Room 313, telephone (591-03) 330725. The agency in Cochabamba is located on Ave. Libertador Bolivar, Number 1724 Cala-Cala, telephone (591-042) 43216. No. 94-201 This updates the Consular Information Sheet dated June 24, 1994 by providing information on aviation oversight. Show Map x8dot3 language LgBgf Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BOLIVIA LgBgf Spanish (Latin American) ";OB" ?%#X## "?%?#? %Q%X?2?% 0B;JOB ,%,[J %%,,[%,[% "%%?X# OOJJ; ,[%,%,"[[ 2#X%#% ?##%?%%" [%"[2%[ 2[%[,%,,%O OJ;JB ,#%,% O;B0;JJ %,%[,[[ OBJ;JJO %[[%[[, %[2[2 ;O]J;JJ J92Bg$gJ OB"2" BOB"BO g$;g9 J;Lg$; 22"O2JB 2ggJ$2 JgBgJ %%[,,[[,,% B"JOBO;;2 2[%,,[[%" [[%[,[%[, "??Q?? ;JJ;0; %[%,,2%[[% %[,,#%O B2"JJBOJB J;OOB B;;O"2O 0J0>,, 00(&+ 2J2;0;JJ2; JO;2B; (00D%O &>J;B2 ";&2X2 BJ2;OO;2 O2B;2;B ">(22% ;;B"J 2"O2B (,(&((, &+&(, 22"2"2"22 &,K(5 ,(5,(% mLcmm O,2O25 (&(&( Bc$$m$$m$$ m$$m$$m$$m $$m$$mcB ,0(0( ;O;00 ,00;JO2"?" 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THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Header Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina is set to enter its third year of interethnic civil strife which began in the spring of 1992 after the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. Bosnia's Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to 'greater Serbia'. In March 1994, Bosnia's Muslims and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement in Washington, DC, creating the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A group of rebel Muslims, however, continues to battle government forces in the northwest enclave of Bihac. A Contact Group of countries, the US, UK, France, Germany, and Russia, continues to seek a resolution between the Federation and the Bosnian Serbs. In July of 1994 the Contact Group presented a plan to the warring parties that roughly equally divides the country between the two, while maintaining Bosnia in its current internationally recognized borders. The Federation agreed to the plan almost immediately, while the Bosnian Serbs rejected it. THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Geography Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe Area: total area: 51,233 sq km land area: 51,233 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee Land boundaries: total 1,459 km, Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km (312 km with Serbia; 215 km with Montenegro) Coastline: 20 km Maritime claims: NA International disputes: as of January 1995, Bosnian Government and Bosnian Serb leaders remain far apart on territorial and constitutional solutions for Bosnia; the two sides did, however, sign a four-month cessation of hostilities agreement effective January 1; the Bosnian Serbs continue to reject the Contact Group Plan submitted by the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Russia, and accepted by the Bosnian Government, which stands firm in its desire to regain lost territory and preserve Bosnia as a multiethnic state within its current borders; Bosnian Serb forces control approximately 70% of Bosnian territory Climate: hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast Terrain: mountains and valleys Natural resources: coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, timber, wood products, copper, chromium, lead, zinc Land use: arable land: 20% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 25% forest and woodland: 36% other: 17% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; widespread casualties, water shortages, and destruction of infrastructure because of civil strife natural hazards: frequent and destructive earthquakes international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina People Population: 3,201,823 (July 1995 est.) note: all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing Age structure: 0-14 years: 22% (female 337,787; male 370,966) 15-64 years: 68% (female 1,082,357; male 1,085,610) 65 years and over: 10% (female 190,992; male 134,111) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.65% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 11.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.51 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 2.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 11.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.47 years male: 72.75 years female: 78.37 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.65 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s) adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian Ethnic divisions: Muslim 38%, Serb 40%, Croat 22% (est.) Religions: Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10% Languages: Serbo-Croatian 99% Literacy: NA% Labor force: 1,026,254 by occupation: NA% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Government Note: The US recognizes the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed by the Muslims and Croats in March 1994, remains in the implementation stages. Names: conventional long form: Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina local long form: Republika Bosna i Hercegovina local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina Digraph: BK Type: emerging democracy Capital: Sarajevo Administrative divisions: 109 districts (opstinas, singular - opstina) Banovici, Banja Luka, Bihac, Bijeljina, Bileca, Bosanska Dubica, Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Novi, Bosanski Petrovac, Bosanski Samac, Bosansko Grahovo, Bratunac, Brcko, Breza, Bugojno, Busovaca, Cazin, Cajnice, Capljina, Celinac, Citluk, Derventa, Doboj, Donji Vakuf, Foca, Fojnica, Gacko, Glamoc, Gorazde, Gornji Vakuf, Gracanica, Gradacac, Grude, Han Pijesak, Jablanica, Jajce, Kakanj, Kalesija, Kalinovik, Kiseljak, Kladanj, Kljuc, Konjic, Kotor Varos, Kresevo, Kupres, Laktasi, Listica, Livno, Lopare, Lukavac, Ljubinje, Ljubuski, Maglaj, Modrica, Mostar, Mrkonjic-Grad, Neum, Nevesinje, Odzak, Olovo, Orasje, Posusje, Prijedor, Prnjavor, Prozor, (Pucarevo) Novi Travnik, Rogatica, Rudo, Sanski Most, Sarajevo-Centar, Sarajevo-Hadzici, Sarajevo-Ilidza, Sarajevo-Ilijas, Sarajevo-Novi Grad, Sarajevo-Novo, Sarajevo-Pale, Sarajevo-Stari Grad, Sarajevo-Trnovo, Sarajevo-Vogosca, Skender Vakuf, Sokolac, Srbac, Srebrenica, Srebrenik, Stolac, Sekovici, Sipovo, Teslic, Tesanj, Drvar, Duvno, Travnik, Trebinje, Tuzla, Ugljevik, Vares, Velika Kladusa, Visoko, Visegrad, Vitez, Vlasenica, Zavidovici, Zenica, Zvornik, Zepce, Zivinice note: currently under negotiation with the assistance of international mediators Independence: NA April 1992 (from Yugoslavia) National holiday: NA Constitution: promulgated in 1974 (under the Communists), amended 1989, 1990, and 1991; the Assembly planned to draft a new constitution in 1991, before conditions deteriorated; constitution of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (including Muslim and Croatian controlled parts of Republic) ratified April 1994 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Government Executive branch: chief of state: President Alija IZETBEGOVIC (since 20 December 1990), other members of the collective presidency: Ejup GANIC (since NA November 1990), Nijaz DURAKOVIC (since NA October 1993), Stjepan KLJUJIC (since NA October 1993), Ivo KOMSIC (since NA October 1993), Mirko PEJANOVIC (since NA June 1992), Tatjana LJUJIC-MIJATOVIC (since NA December 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Haris SILAJDZIC (since NA October 1993) cabinet: executive body of ministers; members of, and responsible to, the National Assembly note: the president of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Kresimir ZUBAK (since 31 May 1994); Vice President Ejup GANIC (since 31 May 1994) Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly Chamber of Municipalities (Vijece Opeina): elections last held November-December 1990 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA; seats - (110 total) SDA 43, SDS BiH 38, HDZ BiH 23, Party of Democratic Changes 4, DSS 1, SPO 1 Chamber of Citizens (Vijece Gradanstvo): elections last held November-December 1990 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA; seats - (130 total) SDA 43, SDS BiH 34, HDZ BiH 21, Party of Democratic Changes 15, SRSJ BiH 12, LBO 2, DSS 1, DSZ 1, LS 1 note: legislative elections for Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are slated for late 1994 Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court Political parties and leaders: Party of Democratic Action (SDA), Alija IZETBEGOVIC; Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH), Dario KORDIC; Serbian Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDS BiH), Radovan KARADZIC, president; Liberal Bosnian Organization (LBO), Adil ZULFIKARPASIC, president; Democratic Party of Socialists (DSS), Nijaz DURAKOVIC, president; Party of Democratic Changes, leader NA; Serbian Movement for Renewal (SPO), Milan TRIVUNCIC; Alliance of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SRSJ BiH), Dr. Nenad KECMANOVIC, president; Democratic League of Greens (DSZ), Drazen PETROVIC; Liberal Party (LS), Rasim KADIC, president Other political or pressure groups: NA Member of: CE (guest), CEI, ECE, FAO, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Sven ALKALAJ chancery: Suite 760, 1707 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 833-3612, 3613, 3615 FAX: [1] (202) 833-2061 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Victor JACKOVICH THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Government embassy: address NA mailing address: American Embassy Bosnia, c/o AmEmbassy Vienna Boltzmangasse 16, A-1091, Vienna, Austria; APO: (Bosnia) Vienna, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-9900 telephone: [43] (1) 313-39 FAX: [43] (1) 310-0682 Flag: white with a large blue shield; the shield contains white Roman crosses with a white diagonal band running from the upper hoist corner to the lower fly side THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Economy Overview: Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked next to The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture has been almost all in private hands, farms have been small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally has been a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly overstaffed, one reflection of the rigidities of Communist central planning and management. TITO had pushed the development of military industries in the republic with the result that Bosnia hosted a large share of Yugoslavia's defense plants. As of February 1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina was being torn apart by the continued bitter interethnic warfare that has caused production to plummet, unemployment and inflation to soar, and human misery to multiply. No economic statistics for 1992-94 are available, although output clearly has fallen substantially below the levels of earlier years and almost certainly is well below $1,000 per head. The country receives substantial amounts of humanitarian aid from the international community. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $NA commodities: NA partners: NA Imports: $NA commodities: NA partners: NA External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA%; production is sharply down because of interethnic and interrepublic warfare (1991-94) Electricity: capacity: 3,800,000 kW production: NA kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Economy Industries: steel production, mining (coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, and bauxite), manufacturing (vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, 40% of former Yugoslavia's armaments including tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances), oil refining (1991) Agriculture: accounted for 9.0% of GDP in 1989; regularly produces less than 50% of food needs; the foothills of northern Bosnia support orchards, vineyards, livestock, and some wheat and corn; long winters and heavy precipitation leach soil fertility reducing agricultural output in the mountains; farms are mostly privately held, small, and not very productive (1991) Illicit drugs: NA Economic aid: $NA Currency: 1 dinar = 100 para; Croatian dinar used in Croat-held area, presumably to be replaced by new Croatian kuna; old and new Serbian dinars used in Serb-held area; hard currencies probably supplanting local currencies in areas held by Bosnian government Exchange rates: NA Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Transportation Railroads: total: 1,021 km (electrified 795 km) standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge (1994) Highways: total: 21,168 km paved: 11,436 km unpaved: gravel 8,146 km; earth 1,586 km (1991) Inland waterways: NA km Pipelines: crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992); note - pipelines now disrupted Ports: Bosanski Brod Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 27 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 11 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Communications Telephone system: 727,000 telephones; telephone and telegraph network is in need of modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average when compared with services in other former Yugoslav republics local: NA intercity: NA international: no earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: 840,000 Television: broadcast stations: 6 televisions: 1,012,094 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bosnia and Herzegovina Defense Forces Branches: Army Manpower availability: males age 15-49 815,055; males fit for military service 657,454; males reach military age (19) annually 38,201 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP ,BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Passport required. At the time of publication, Bosnia-Herzegovina entry permission is being granted at the border on a case by-case basis. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Bosnia-Herzegovina ============================================================ Bosnia-Herzegovina - Travel Warning December 8, 1995 The Department of State warns U.S. citizens not to travel to the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The three-year civil war has left landmines and unexploded ordnance throughout the country; roads, airports, and railways have been bombed and are not functional. Law enforcement and civil authority is nonexistent in many regions which are still controlled by Serb militia. A peace agreement has been initialed which calls for withdrawal of forces to barracks and introduction of a new constitution, but it has not yet been implemented. No. 95-053 This replaces the Travel Warning for Bosnia-Herzegovina dated September 22, 1995 to add information about landmines, infrastructure, and the peace agreement. Bosnia-Herzegovina - Consular Information Sheet June 1, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens not to travel to the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina because of increased hostilities. All U.S. citizens presently in Bosnia-Herzegovina are urged to leave. The recent hostage-taking by Bosnian Serb militia suggests that foreigners, including U.S. citizens, are at risk of being taken hostage. At the same time, the ability of the American Embassy in Sarajevo to assist citizens, even in emergencies, is severely limited by the increased military activity. Country Description: The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formerly one of the Yugoslav republics, is currently in a state of war. The resulting deaths, destruction, food shortages and travel disruptions affecting roads, airports and railways, make travel to all parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina extremely hazardous. The popular religious shrine at Medjugorje is located within Bosnia and Herzegovina's borders. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Permission to enter Bosnia and Herzegovina is currently granted at the border on a case-by-case basis. Areas of Instability: Over 70% of Bosnia is under the control of Bosnian Serb military forces. These rebel forces have taken hostages, both military and civilian. The Bosnian government and federation-controlled regions, while currently stable, are subject to possible deterioration of civilian security. Medical Facilities: Health facilities are minimal or non-existent; most medicines are unobtainable. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international traveler's hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: General lawlessness and deteriorating economic conditions have brought an increase in crime. Adequate police response in the event of an emergency is doubtful. Anti-American sentiments run high in many parts of the country, particularly in Serb-dominated areas. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad. It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Currency Information: It is impossible to use credit cards or to cash traveler's checks. German deutsche marks are the currency of favor at present. Other Information: Roadblocks manned by local militias are numerous. These militia groups frequently confiscate relief goods and trucks, and may otherwise behave unprofessionally. U.S. citizens are reminded that they are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Registration: U.S. citizens visiting or remaining in Bosnia and Herzegovina, despite the warning, can register at the U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo, or either the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade or in Zagreb to obtain updated information on travel and security within Bosnia and Herzegovina. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo is located at Djure Djakovica 43, telephone number (387-71) 659-992. Due to extremely limited staffing, the Embassy is unable to provide consular services except in extreme emergencies. U.S. citizens seeking routine assistance while in Bosnia can contact the U.S. Embassies in Belgrade or Zagreb. The U.S. Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia, is located at Kneza Milosa 50, telephone (381-11) 645-655. The U.S. Embassy in Zagreb, Croatia, is located at Andrije Hebranga 2, telephone (385-1) 456-000. No. 95-069 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 10, 1994, to change the Warning to reflect the escalation of hostilities, the threat of hostage-taking, and the U.S. Embassy's severely limited ability to assist American citizens in that country. Areas of Instability have been added. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Bosnia-Herzegovina ============================================================ Bosnia-Herzegovina - Travel Warning December 8, 1995 The Department of State warns U.S. citizens not to travel to the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The three-year civil war has left landmines and unexploded ordnance throughout the country; roads, airports, and railways have been bombed and are not functional. Law enforcement and civil authority is nonexistent in many regions which are still controlled by Serb militia. A peace agreement has been initialed which calls for withdrawal of forces to barracks and introduction of a new constitution, but it has not yet been implemented. No. 95-053 This replaces the Travel Warning for Bosnia-Herzegovina dated September 22, 1995 to add information about landmines, infrastructure, and the peace agreement. Bosnia-Herzegovina - Consular Information Sheet June 1, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens not to travel to the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina because of increased hostilities. All U.S. citizens presently in Bosnia-Herzegovina are urged to leave. The recent hostage-taking by Bosnian Serb militia suggests that foreigners, including U.S. citizens, are at risk of being taken hostage. At the same time, the ability of the American Embassy in Sarajevo to assist citizens, even in emergencies, is severely limited by the increased military activity. Country Description: The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formerly one of the Yugoslav republics, is currently in a state of war. The resulting deaths, destruction, food shortages and travel disruptions affecting roads, airports and railways, make travel to all parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina extremely hazardous. The popular religious shrine at Medjugorje is located within Bosnia and Herzegovina's borders. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Permission to enter Bosnia and Herzegovina is currently granted at the border on a case-by-case basis. Areas of Instability: Over 70% of Bosnia is under the control of Bosnian Serb military forces. These rebel forces have taken hostages, both military and civilian. The Bosnian government and federation-controlled regions, while currently stable, are subject to possible deterioration of civilian security. Medical Facilities: Health facilities are minimal or non-existent; most medicines are unobtainable. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international traveler's hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: General lawlessness and deteriorating economic conditions have brought an increase in crime. Adequate police response in the event of an emergency is doubtful. Anti-American sentiments run high in many parts of the country, particularly in Serb-dominated areas. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad. It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Currency Information: It is impossible to use credit cards or to cash traveler's checks. German deutsche marks are the currency of favor at present. Other Information: Roadblocks manned by local militias are numerous. These militia groups frequently confiscate relief goods and trucks, and may otherwise behave unprofessionally. U.S. citizens are reminded that they are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Registration: U.S. citizens visiting or remaining in Bosnia and Herzegovina, despite the warning, can register at the U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo, or either the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade or in Zagreb to obtain updated information on travel and security within Bosnia and Herzegovina. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo is located at Djure Djakovica 43, telephone number (387-71) 659-992. Due to extremely limited staffing, the Embassy is unable to provide consular services except in extreme emergencies. U.S. citizens seeking routine assistance while in Bosnia can contact the U.S. Embassies in Belgrade or Zagreb. The U.S. Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia, is located at Kneza Milosa 50, telephone (381-11) 645-655. The U.S. Embassy in Zagreb, Croatia, is located at Andrije Hebranga 2, telephone (385-1) 456-000. No. 95-069 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 10, 1994, to change the Warning to reflect the escalation of hostilities, the threat of hostage-taking, and the U.S. Embassy's severely limited ability to assist American citizens in that country. Areas of Instability have been added. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map 10J`55 "??%?? %?"#?%#%?% 2BBJ;; "JBB2 `5,2 5b6"?#"% %#%?"?% `J"J` %%??# ?#%??%#? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K PTFpP\ m6ppc PLp6p O;J;; J&T,h t-+&K -z_K( +%(!G +-t.T Botswana Q VtVZ\ Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BOTSWANA x8dot3 English (British) language , THE WORLD FACTBOOK Botswana Geography Location: Southern Africa, north of South Africa Map references: Africa Area: total area: 600,370 sq km land area: 585,370 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas Land boundaries: total 4,013 km, Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: short section of boundary with Namibia is indefinite; quadripoint with Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with Namibia over uninhabited Kasikili (Sidudu) Island in Linyanti (Chobe) River remained unresolved in mid-February 1995 and the parties agreed to refer the matter to the International Court of Justice Climate: semiarid; warm winters and hot summers Terrain: predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest Natural resources: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 75% forest and woodland: 2% other: 21% Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: overgrazing, primarily as a result of the expansion of the cattle population; desertification; limited natural fresh water resources natural hazards: periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity Note: landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country THE WORLD FACTBOOK Botswana People Population: 1,392,414 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43% (female 300,598; male 303,333) 15-64 years: 53% (female 398,347; male 344,838) 65 years and over: 4% (female 25,773; male 19,525) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.36% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 31.01 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.41 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 38 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.56 years male: 60.54 years female: 66.67 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.86 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) Ethnic divisions: Batswana 95%, Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi 4%, white 1% Religions: indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50% Languages: English (official), Setswana Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 23% male: 32% female: 16% Labor force: 428,000 (1992) by occupation: 220,000 formal sector employees, most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1992 est.); 14,300 are employed in various mines in South Africa (March 1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Botswana Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland Digraph: BC Type: parliamentary republic Capital: Gaborone Administrative divisions: 10 districts; Central, Chobe, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Ngamiland, North-East, South-East, Southern; in addition, there are 4 town councils - Francistown, Gaborone, Lobatse, Selebi-Phikwe Independence: 30 September 1966 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 30 September (1966) Constitution: March 1965, effective 30 September 1966 Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Sir Ketumile MASIRE (since 13 July 1980); Vice President Festus MOGAE (since 9 March 1992); election last held 15 October 1994 (next to be held October 1999); results - President Sir Ketumile MASIRE was reelected by the National Assembly cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament House of Chiefs: is a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of chiefs of the 8 principal tribes, 4 elected subchiefs, and 3 members selected by the other 12 National Assembly: elections last held 15 October 1994 (next to be held October 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (44 total of which 40 are elected and 4 are appointed) BDP 27, BNF 13 Judicial branch: High Court, Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Sir Ketumile MASIRE; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth KOMA; Botswana People's Party (BPP), Knight MARIPE; Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai MPHO Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Botsweletse Kingsley SEBELE THE WORLD FACTBOOK Botswana Government chancery: Suite 7M, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990, 4991 FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Howard F. JETER embassy: address NA, Gaborone mailing address: P. O. Box 90, Gaborone telephone: [267] 353982 FAX: [267] 356947 Flag: light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center THE WORLD FACTBOOK Botswana Economy Overview: The economy has historically been based on cattle raising and crops. Agriculture today provides a livelihood for more than 80% of the population but supplies only about 50% of food needs and accounts for only 5% of GDP. Subsistence farming and cattle raising predominate. The driving force behind the rapid economic growth of the 1970s and 1980s has been the mining industry. This sector, mostly on the strength of diamonds, has gone from generating 25% of GDP in 1980 to 39% in 1994. No other sector has experienced such growth, especially not agriculture, which is plagued by erratic rainfall and poor soils. The unemployment rate remains a problem at 25%. Hampered by a still sluggish diamond market in 1994, GDP grew by only 1%. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 1% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,130 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 25% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $1.7 billion expenditures: $1.99 billion, including capital expenditures of $652 million (FY93/94) Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b. 1994) commodities: diamonds 78%, copper and nickel 6%, meat 5% partners: Switzerland, UK, SACU (Southern African Customs Union) Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992) commodities: foodstuffs, vehicles and transport equipment, textiles, petroleum products partners: Switzerland, SACU (Southern African Customs Union), UK, US External debt: $344 million (December 1991) Industrial production: growth rate 4.6% (FY92/93); accounts for about 43% of GDP, including mining Electricity: capacity: 220,000 kW production: 900 million kWh consumption per capita: 694 kWh (1993) Industries: mining of diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing Agriculture: sorghum, maize, millet, pulses, groundnuts, beans, cowpeas, sunflower seeds; livestock THE WORLD FACTBOOK Botswana Economy Economic aid: recipient: US aid (1992), $13 million; Norway (1992), $16 million; Sweden (1992), $15.5 million; Germany (1992), $3.6 million; EC/Lome-IV (1992), $3 million-$6 million in grants; $28.7 million in long-term projects (1992) Currency: 1 pula (P) = 100 thebe Exchange rates: pula (P) per US$1 - 1.7086 (January 1995), 2.6976 (November 1994), 2.4190 (1993), 2.1327 (1992), 2.0173 (1991), 1.8601 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Botswana Transportation Railroads: total: 888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (1992) Highways: total: 11,514 km paved: 1,600 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel 1,700 km; improved earth 5,177 km; unimproved earth 3,037 km Ports: none Airports: total: 100 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 23 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 5 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 62 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Botswana Communications Telephone system: 26,000 telephones; sparse system; telephone density - 18.67 telephones/1,000 persons local: NA intercity: small system of open wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radio communication stations international: 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 13, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Botswana Defense Forces Branches: Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 306,878; males fit for military service 161,376; males reach military age (18) annually 15,403 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $198 million, 5.2% of GDP (FY93/94) "BOTSWANA - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 90 days. For further information contact Embassy of the Republic of Botswana, Suite 7M, 3400 International Drive, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/244-4990/1) or nearest Honorary Consulate: Los Angeles (213/626-8484), San Francisco (415/346-4435) or Houston (713/622-1900). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Botswana ============================================================ Botswana - Consular Information Sheet September 26, 1995 Country Description: Botswana is a developing southern African nation. Facilities for tourism are available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. No visa is necessary for stays of less than 90 days. Further information can be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Botswana, Suite 7M, 3400 International Drive, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 244-4990/1. There are also honorary consuls in Los Angeles, San Francisco and Houston. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Botswana are limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers For Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Violent crime is increasing and has affected the American community in Gaborone. Auto theft and auto highjacking of popular vehicle models have become a daily occurrence in Gaborone. Prudent security measures, such as alarms and immobilizers, may deter such crimes. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, and economic crimes of opportunity, such as stealing valuables left exposed in vehicles, remain the most common forms of crime in Botswana. It is dangerous for visitors to travel alone at night on foot in unfamiliar areas. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Botswana's laws mandate harsh punishments for unlawful dealing and possession of cannabis (known locally as motokwane or dagga). Automobile Travel: Travel by automobile outside of large towns may be dangerous. Although major roads are generally in good condition, the combination of long, tedious stretches of two-lane highway, high speed limits, and the occasional presence of large animals on the roads makes fatal accidents a frequent occurrence. Driving at night on rural highways is particularly hazardous. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens may register at the U.S. Embassy and obtain updated information on travel and security in Botswana. The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of Gaborone on Embassy Drive, Government Enclave. The mailing address is P.O. Box 90, Gaborone. The telephone number is (267) 353-982; the fax number is (267) 356-947, and the after-hours emergency telephone number is (267) 357-111. No. 95-119 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated January 20, 1995, to amend the sections on crime, medical facilities and drug penalties. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Botswana ============================================================ Botswana - Consular Information Sheet September 26, 1995 Country Description: Botswana is a developing southern African nation. Facilities for tourism are available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. No visa is necessary for stays of less than 90 days. Further information can be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Botswana, Suite 7M, 3400 International Drive, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 244-4990/1. There are also honorary consuls in Los Angeles, San Francisco and Houston. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Botswana are limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers For Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Violent crime is increasing and has affected the American community in Gaborone. Auto theft and auto highjacking of popular vehicle models have become a daily occurrence in Gaborone. Prudent security measures, such as alarms and immobilizers, may deter such crimes. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, and economic crimes of opportunity, such as stealing valuables left exposed in vehicles, remain the most common forms of crime in Botswana. It is dangerous for visitors to travel alone at night on foot in unfamiliar areas. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Botswana's laws mandate harsh punishments for unlawful dealing and possession of cannabis (known locally as motokwane or dagga). Automobile Travel: Travel by automobile outside of large towns may be dangerous. Although major roads are generally in good condition, the combination of long, tedious stretches of two-lane highway, high speed limits, and the occasional presence of large animals on the roads makes fatal accidents a frequent occurrence. Driving at night on rural highways is particularly hazardous. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens may register at the U.S. Embassy and obtain updated information on travel and security in Botswana. The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of Gaborone on Embassy Drive, Government Enclave. The mailing address is P.O. Box 90, Gaborone. The telephone number is (267) 353-982; the fax number is (267) 356-947, and the after-hours emergency telephone number is (267) 357-111. No. 95-119 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated January 20, 1995, to amend the sections on crime, medical facilities and drug penalties. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 "BOB2O2OB" BB"JBB22O" 22"2;B 2 %,"%J%, "JJOT %[,[,%[" [%\"[%B %%J[% %%",,%O O%[,%$ ,[,%J[ 11`11 %,%,2,[# 2JJO2I 2,X X%%X% %X%?"X X%>#X ";B%% X%X"X#X%%> %%X,%>% OB,," %[;JJ %%"X,% %"%>% "255``1 5%>"%> %%>%5 %>%>% ;"BBE ,>%B> nn(@( nGnGn GnG@n GnG1@ G@(@( #O%,% ,[[,,[[,[, %[[%[,, ,%%",%% B;JO2 11,XO "J02 ""J"" 2[%[, [,[,,[[ ;["%"% "%,,%" 1"B2? `BB2? 1;B"? 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j)w)j)w)j) w)j)w)j)w) j)w)j)w)j) w)j)w)j)w) j)w)j)w)j) w)j)w)j)w) j)w)j)w)j) w)j)w)j)w) j)w)j)w)j) w)j)w)j)w) j)w)j)w)j) w)j)w)j)w) j)w)j)w)j) w)j)w)j)w) j)w)j)w)j) -1-11 -1-1- -11-1- --1-1 -11-- 1--1-- 1--1--11-1 -1-1- --11- Bouvet Island Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BOUVET_I x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bouvet Island Header Affiliation: (territory of Norway) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bouvet Island Geography Location: Southern Africa, island in the South Atlantic Ocean, south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) Map references: Antarctic Region Area: total area: 58 sq km land area: 58 sq km comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 29.6 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 4 nm International disputes: none Climate: antarctic Terrain: volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 meters; coast is mostly inaccessible Natural resources: none Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all ice) Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: covered by glacial ice THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bouvet Island People Population: uninhabited THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bouvet Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bouvet Island Digraph: BV Type: territory of Norway Capital: none; administered from Oslo, Norway Independence: none (territory of Norway) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bouvet Island Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bouvet Island Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bouvet Island Communications Telephone system: *** No data for this item *** Note: automatic meteorological station THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bouvet Island Defense Forces defense is the responsibility of Norway Map Button Image Show Map "?%?%?% #%?"??% 0B;JJB "%%?%#% OBJ;JJO 2H;H949 HJg2B "22BB"OB"2 "BOB"BO 22"O2JBB 2OB"J gJ9BJ ??QQ? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; SpwrwrwB Brazil a ftf Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BRAZIL x8dot3 Brazilian Portuguese language /C/C THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil Geography Location: Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Map references: South America Area: total area: 8,511,965 sq km land area: 8,456,510 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than the US note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo Land boundaries: total 14,691 km, Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km Coastline: 7,491 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: short section of the boundary with Paraguay, just west of Salto das Sete Quedas (Guaira Falls) on the Rio Parana, is in dispute; two short sections of boundary with Uruguay are in dispute - Arroio Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada) area of the Rio Quarai (Rio Cuareim) and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay River Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber Land use: arable land: 7% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 19% forest and woodland: 67% other: 6% Irrigated land: 27,000 sq km (1989 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil Geography Environment: current issues: deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers the existence of a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities natural hazards: recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south international agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification Note: largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil People Population: 160,737,489 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 31% (female 24,641,868; male 25,515,775) 15-64 years: 64% (female 51,966,272; male 51,254,165) 65 years and over: 5% (female 4,393,530; male 2,965,879) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.22% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 21.16 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.98 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 57.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 61.82 years male: 56.57 years female: 67.32 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.39 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Brazilian(s) adjective: Brazilian Ethnic divisions: Caucasion (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish) 55%, mixed Caucasion and African 38%, African 6%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1% Religions: Roman Catholic (nominal) 70% Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991) total population: 80% male: 80% female: 80% Labor force: 57 million (1989 est.) by occupation: services 42%, agriculture 31%, industry 27% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil Government Names: conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil conventional short form: Brazil local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil local short form: Brasil Digraph: BR Type: federal republic Capital: Brasilia Administrative divisions: 26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins Independence: 7 September 1822 (from Portugal) National holiday: Independence Day, 7 September (1822) Constitution: 5 October 1988 Legal system: based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO (since 1 January 1995) election last held 3 October 1994; next to be held October 1998); results - Fernando Henrique CARDOSO 53%, Luis Inacio LULA da Silva 26%, Eneas CARNEIRO 7%, Orestes QUERCIA 4%, Leonel BRIZOLA 3%, Espiridiao AMIN 3%; note - second free, direct presidential election since 1960 cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congresso Nacional) Federal Senate (Senado Federal): election last held 3 October 1994 for two-thirds of Senate (next to be held October 1996 for one-third of the Senate); results - PMBD 28%, PFL 22%, PSDB 12%, PPR 7%, PDT 7%, PT 6%, PTB 6%, other 12% Chamber of Deputies (Camara dos Deputados): election last held 3 October 1994 (next to be held October 1998); results - PMDB 21%, PFL 18%, PDT 7%, PSDB 12%, PPR 10%, PTB 6%, PT 10%, other 16% Judicial branch: Supreme Federal Tribunal THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil Government Political parties and leaders: National Reconstruction Party (PRN), Daniel TOURINHO, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Luiz HENRIQUE da Silveira, president; Liberal Front Party (PFL), Jorge BORNHAUSEN, president; Workers' Party (PT), Rui Goethe da Costa FALCAO, president; Brazilian Workers' Party (PTB), Jose Eduardo ANDRADE VIEIRA, president; Democratic Workers' Party (PDT), Anthony GAROTINHO, president; Progressive Renewal Party (PPR), Espiridiao AMIN, president; Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), Artur DA TAVOLA, president; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Roberto FREIRE, president; Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB), Joao AMAZONAS, secretary general; Liberal Party (PL), Alvero VALLE, president Other political or pressure groups: left wing of the Catholic Church and labor unions allied to leftist Workers' Party are critical of government's social and economic policies Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MERCOSUR, NAM (observer), OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Paulo Tarso FLECHA de LIMA chancery: 3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 745-2700 FAX: [1] (202) 745-2827 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and San Francisco consulate(s): Houston US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Melvyn LEVITSKY embassy: Avenida das Nacoes, Lote 3, Brasilia, Distrito Federal mailing address: Unit 3500; APO AA 34030 telephone: [55] (61) 321-7272 FAX: [55] (61) 225-9136 consulate(s) general: Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo consulate(s): Porto Alegre, Recife Flag: green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil Economy Overview: The economy, with large agrarian, mining, and manufacturing sectors, entered the 1990s with declining real growth, runaway inflation, an unserviceable foreign debt of $122 billion, and a lack of policy direction. In addition, the economy remained highly regulated, inward-looking, and protected by substantial trade and investment barriers. Ownership of major industrial and mining facilities is divided among private interests - including several multinationals - and the government. Most large agricultural holdings are private, with the government channeling financing to this sector. Conflicts between large landholders and landless peasants have produced intermittent violence. The COLLOR government, which assumed office in March 1990, launched an ambitious reform program that sought to modernize and reinvigorate the economy by stabilizing prices, deregulating the economy, and opening it to increased foreign competition. Itamar FRANCO, who assumed the presidency following President COLLOR's resignation in December 1992, was out of step with COLLOR's reform agenda; initiatives to redress fiscal problems, privatize state enterprises, and liberalize trade and investment policies lost momentum. Galloping inflation - by June 1994 the monthly rate had risen to nearly 50% - had undermined economic stability. In response, the then finance minister, Fernando Henrique CARDOSO, launched the third phase of his stabilization plan, known as Plano Real, that called for a new currency, the real, which was introduced on 1 July 1994. Inflation subsequently dropped to under 3% per month through the end of 1994. The newly elected President CARDOSO has called for the implementation of sweeping market-oriented reform, including public sector and fiscal reform, privatization, deregulation, and elimination of barriers to increased foreign investment. Brazil's natural resources remain a major, long-term economic strength. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $886.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5.3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $5,580 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1,094% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 4.9% (1993) Budget: revenues: $113 billion expenditures: $109 billion, including capital expenditures of $23 billion (1992) Exports: $43.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: iron ore, soybean bran, orange juice, footwear, coffee, motor vehicle parts partners: EC 27.6%, Latin America 21.8%, US 17.4%, Japan 6.3% (1993) Imports: $33.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: crude oil, capital goods, chemical products, foodstuffs, coal partners: US 23.3%, EC 22.5%, Middle East 13.0%, Latin America 11.8%, Japan 6.5% (1993) External debt: $134 billion (1994) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil Economy Industrial production: growth rate 9.5% (1993); accounts for 39% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 55,130,000 kW production: 241.4 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,589 kWh (1993) Industries: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, mining (iron ore, tin), steel making, machine building - including aircraft, motor vehicles, motor vehicle parts and assemblies, and other machinery and equipment Agriculture: accounts for 11% of GDP; world's largest producer and exporter of coffee and orange juice concentrate and second-largest exporter of soybeans; other products - rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, beef; self-sufficient in food, except for wheat Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis and coca, mostly for domestic consumption; government has a small-scale eradication program to control cannabis and coca cultivation; important transshipment country for Bolivian and Colombian cocaine headed for the US and Europe Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $2.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.2 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $284 million; former Communist countries (1970-89), $1.3 billion Currency: 1 real (R$) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: R$ per US$1 - 0.85 (January 1995); CR$ per US$1 - 390.845 (January 1994), 88.449 (1993), 4.513 (1992), 0.407 (1991), 0.068 (1990) note: on 1 August 1993 the cruzeiro real (CR$), equal to 1,000 cruzeiros, was introduced; another new currency, the real, was introduced on 1 July 1994, equal to 2,750 cruzeiro reals Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil Transportation Railroads: total: 30,612 km (1992) broad gauge: 5,369 km 1.600-m gauge (1,108 km electrified) standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge narrow gauge: 24,739 km 1.000-m gauge (112 km electrified); 13 km 0.760-m gauge dual gauge: 310 km 1.600-m/1.000-m gauge (78 km electrified) Highways: total: 1,670,148 km paved: 161,503 km unpaved: gravel/earth 1,508,645 km (1990) Inland waterways: 50,000 km navigable Pipelines: crude oil 2,000 km; petroleum products 3,804 km; natural gas 1,095 km Ports: Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Imbituba, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos, Vitoria Merchant marine: total: 215 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,128,654 GRT/8,664,776 DWT ships by type: bulk 52, cargo 34, chemical tanker 13, combination ore/oil 12, container 12, liquefied gas tanker 11, oil tanker 64, passenger-cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11 Airports: total: 3,467 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 19 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 126 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 286 with paved runways under 914 m: 1,652 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 76 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1,303 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil Communications Telephone system: 9.86 million telephones; telephone density - 61/1,000 persons; good working system local: NA intercity: extensive microwave radio relay systems and 64 domestic satellite earth stations international: 3 coaxial submarine cables; 3 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1,223, FM 0, shortwave 151 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 112 (Brazil has the world's fourth largest television broadcasting system) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brazil Defense Forces Branches: Brazilian Army, Brazilian Navy (includes Marines), Brazilian Air Force, Federal Police (paramilitary) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 44,301,765; males fit for military service 29,815,576; males reach military age (18) annually 1,703,438 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $5.0 billion, 0.9% of GDP (1994) BRAZIL - Passport and visa required. Visa must be obtained in advance. Multiple-entry visa valid up to 90 days (extendable), requires 1 application form, 1 photo, proof of onward/return transportation, and yellow fever vaccination if arriving from infected area. No charge if you apply in person; $10 service fee if you apply by mail. Provide SASE for return of passport by mail. For travel with children or business visa contact Brazilian Embassy (Consular Section), 3009 Whitehaven St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/745-2828) or nearest Consulate: CA (213/651-2664), FL (305/285-6200), IL (312/464-0244), LA (504/588-9187) or NY (212/757-3080). Brazil - Consular Information Sheet September 2, 1994 Country Description: Brazil has a developing economy. Facilities for tourism are good in the major cities, but vary in quality in remote areas. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Brazilian visas must be obtained in advance as immigration authorities will not allow entry into Brazil without a valid visa. Minors (under 18) traveling alone, with one parent or with a third party must present written authorization by the absent parent(s) or legal guardian, specifically granting permission to travel alone, with one parent or with a third party. This authorization must be notarized, authenticated by the Brazilian Embassy or Consulate, and translated into Portuguese. For current information concerning entry and customs requirements for Brazil, travelers can contact the Brazilian Embassy at 3006 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, Tel: (202) 745- 2700 or the nearest Consulate in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Boston, Miami, New York, Chicago or San Juan. Medical Facilities: Medical care varies in quality, particularly in remote areas. Cholera has been reported in the Amazon basin region, northeastern Brazil and major cities. Visitors who follow proper precautions about food and drink are not usually at risk. Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the Amazon River basin, including the city of Manaus and neighboring municipalities. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers' hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The incidence of crime against tourists tends to be greater in areas surrounding discotheques, bars, nightclubs and other similar establishments, especially at dusk and during the evening hours. Several Brazilian cities have established specialized tourist police units to patrol areas frequented by tourists. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's most popular tourist destination, understandably experiences a proportionately greater amount of crime against tourists. While still very serious, there has been some reduction in the crime rate since the 1992 deployment of a tourist police unit. With some exceptions, U.S. government personnel and official visitors are not housed in the troublesome Copacabana and Leme neighborhoods. Although U.S. tourists have not been targeted, there is an upsurge of kidnappings of wealthy Brazilians in Rio. Sao Paulo has noted a recent increase in street crime where guns are involved. Additionally, Sao Paulo has reported thefts at its international airport (Guarulhos), involving carry on luggage or briefcases which had been set down, sometimes for a moment. Arriving and departing travelers should be especially vigilant and take the necessary precautions at this and other Brazilian airports. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Also available from the same address is the Department of State publication, "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America." Adoptions: The adoption process in Brazil is often lengthy and costly. It is not unusual to encounter serious unforeseen problems, particularly in the northeastern states of Ceara, Paraiba, and Pernambuco. Updated information on Brazilian adoption proceedings is available from the consular section of the U.S. Consulate having jurisdiction over the locality where the adoption will take place. Information on U.S. immigrant visa requirements is available from the Consular Section of the U.S. Consulate General in Rio de Janeiro, where all immigrant visa cases for Brazil are processed. Additional information is available by writing the Office of Citizens Consular Services, CA/OCS/CCS, Room 4817, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, or by telephoning (202) 647-3712. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Brazil for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In November 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Brazil's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Brazilian carriers operating to and from the U.S. The same level of safety oversight would typically be applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800- 322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: Americans who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy or consulates may obtain updated information on travel and security within Brazil. The U.S. Embassy is located in Brasilia at Avenida das Nacoes, Lote 3, telephone: (55-61) 321-7272. There are consulates in: Rio de Janeiro at Avenida Presidente Wilson 147, telephone: (55-21) 292-7117 Sao Paulo at Rua Padre Joao Manoel 933, telephone: (55-11) 881-6511 Porto Alegre at Rua Coronel Genuino 421 (9th flr.), telephone: (55-51) 226- Recife at Rua Goncalves Maia 163, telephone: (55-81) 221-1412. There are also consular agencies in: Belem at Travessa Padre Eutiquio 1309, telephone: (55-91) 223-0800 Manaus at Rua Recife 1010, Adrianopolis, telephone: (55-92) 234-4546 Salvador de Bahia at Avenida Antonio Carlos Magalhaes S/N Edificio Cidadella Center, Suite 410, Candeal, telephone: (55-71) 358-9166, Fortaleza at the Instituto Brasil-Estados Unidos (IBEU), Rua Nogueira Acioly, 891, Aldeota, telephone: (55-85) 252-1539. No. 94-181 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated June 24, 1994 to add information on aviation oversight. 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THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Virgin Islands Header Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK) THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Virgin Islands Geography Location: Caribbean, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 150 sq km land area: 150 sq km comparative area: about 0.8 times the size of Washington, DC note: includes the island of Anegada Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 80 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds Terrain: coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: 20% permanent crops: 7% meadows and pastures: 33% forest and woodland: 7% other: 33% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: limited natural fresh water resources (except for a few seasonal streams and springs on Tortola, most of the island's water supply comes from wells and rainwater catchment) natural hazards: hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October) international agreements: NA Note: strong ties to nearby US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Virgin Islands People Population: 13,027 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 1.27% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 20.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 19.33 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.73 years male: 70.88 years female: 74.7 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.27 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: British Virgin Islander(s) adjective: British Virgin Islander Ethnic divisions: black 90%, white, Asian Religions: Protestant 86% (Methodist 45%, Anglican 21%, Church of God 7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, Baptist 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%, other 2%), Roman Catholic 6%, none 2%, other 6% (1981) Languages: English (official) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1970) total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% Labor force: 4,911 (1980) by occupation: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Virgin Islands Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: British Virgin Islands Abbreviation: BVI Digraph: VI Type: dependent territory of the UK Capital: Road Town Administrative divisions: none (dependent territory of the UK) Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK) National holiday: Territory Day, 1 July Constitution: 1 June 1977 Legal system: English law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Peter Alfred PENFOLD (since 14 October 1991) head of government: Chief Minister H. Lavity STOUTT (since NA September 1986) cabinet: Executive Council; appointed by the governor Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council: election last held 20 February 1995 (next to be held on NA February 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (13 total) VIP 6, CCM 2, UP 2, independents 3 note: legislature was expanded to 13 seats as of election on 20 February 1995 Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: United Party (UP), Conrad MADURO; Virgin Islands Party (VIP), H. Lavity STOUTT; Concerned Citizens Movement (CCM), E. Walwyln BREWLEY Member of: CARICOM (associate), CDB, ECLAC (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC, OECS (associate), UNESCO (associate) Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the UK) US diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK) Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll bearing the Latin word VIGILATE (Be Watchful) THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Virgin Islands Economy Overview: The economy, one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean area, is highly dependent on the tourist industry, which generates about 21% of the national income. In 1985 the government offered offshore registration to companies wishing to incorporate in the islands, and, in consequence, incorporation fees generated about $2 million in 1987. The economy slowed in 1991 because of the poor performances of the tourist sector and tight commercial bank credit. Livestock raising is the most significant agricultural activity. The islands' crops, limited by poor soils, are unable to meet food requirements. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $133 million (1991) National product real growth rate: 2% (1991) National product per capita: $10,600 (1991) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (1990 est.) Unemployment rate: NEGL% (1992) Budget: revenues: $51 million expenditures: $88 million, including capital expenditures of $38 million (1991) Exports: $2.7 million (f.o.b., 1988) commodities: rum, fresh fish, gravel, sand, fruits, animals partners: Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US Imports: $11.5 million (c.i.f., 1988) commodities: building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs, machinery partners: Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US External debt: $4.5 million (1985) Industrial production: growth rate 4% (1985) Electricity: capacity: 10,500 kW production: 50 million kWh consumption per capita: 3,148 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism, light industry, construction, rum, concrete block, offshore financial center Agriculture: livestock (including poultry), fish, fruit, vegetables Economic aid: $NA Currency: 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: US currency is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Virgin Islands Economy Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Virgin Islands Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 106 km (1983) paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Road Town Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Virgin Islands Communications Telephone system: 3,000 telephones; worldwide external telephone service local: NA intercity: NA international: submarine cable communication links to Bermuda Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Virgin Islands Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK VIRGIN ISLANDS, British - Islands include Anegarda, Jost van Dyke, Tortola and Virgin Gorda. Proof of U.S. citizenship, photo ID, onward/return ticket and sufficient funds required for tourist stay up to 3 months. AIDS test required for residency or work; U.S. test accepted. Consult British Embassy for further information (202/986-0205). Map Button Image Show Map 0.D.j BRITISH_ x8dot3 h 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ??%?%% p;?%?%?? #%?%??# 0BJ;OO ?%%?## ;JJ;J p;%%?%#? %#??X#? %?%?%? J2;O22 OB00O; p;"2BB ""2"2 p;J$c$$9 p;2$9 9;;9c$9 J;0O;BJ 0OJ;B ;JBJ;;JJ p;;j$99O p;"O22"" ;J;O; JJ2"O2B2 J;J;;O; OO;BJOO 22"2O "O22"; J;B;B 2O"B2J2JJ2 J2O;B J;;OO; ?";2O J"2OO2JO J;;O2"5 cLmjLLm ccnjLj8 8m8nm88nmn `13!31`13! 31`13!31`1 1`13!31!31 `13!31`13! 31`11` pp6`` 1++1` 1161`1 11`11 ``1`` `11`1`11 11SW` `11`) +1``1 cjjccLc nLjmLcLc jmc6L cmjjn bcjcmLmLc Lpnmp cpm8pc cpmcn cpmLLc6 pLnjp mpmcp cpmmp cpmmjc cjmLcn jbmjL cjmjc jmmjmmjccj cjmLjm 6mmbc mn8mmn 1`1`1 11``1`` 11``3 ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; British Indian Ocean Territory Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Indian Ocean Territory Header Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK) THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Indian Ocean Territory Geography Location: Southern Asia, archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia Map references: World Area: total area: 60 sq km land area: 60 sq km comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC note: includes the island of Diego Garcia Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 698 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: the entire Chagos Archipelago is claimed by Mauritius Climate: tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds Terrain: flat and low (up to 4 meters in elevation) Natural resources: coconuts, fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Indian Ocean Territory People Population: no indigenous inhabitants note: there are UK-US military personnel; civilian inhabitants, known as the Ilois, evacuated to Mauritius before construction of UK-US military facilities THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Indian Ocean Territory Government Names: conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none Abbreviation: BIOT Digraph: IO Type: dependent territory of the UK Capital: none Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK) Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Mr. D. R. MACLENNAN); Administrator Mr. David Smith; note - both reside in the UK Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the UK) US diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK) Flag: white with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and six blue wavy horizontal stripes bearing a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Indian Ocean Territory Economy Overview: All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. Electricity: provided by the US military THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Indian Ocean Territory Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA paved: short stretch of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA Ports: Diego Garcia Airports: total: 1 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Indian Ocean Territory Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; minimal facilities local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK British Indian Ocean Territory Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK Show Map English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights language NotUpdate 5;00# 6T66T pO?X%%? 22BOO"O pO?%? 0O;JJO pO?%? ?X?%%X `1``11 pO%X%%X? 2OOJOBJB pO;$99H9 pOH$$ BJJ2JJ2O2O ;JBOJ ;;J0; 2"BB" pOH9HJBB 2OO;BJ Q??Q?? 11`11` pOQMMQ `1`1``1` OOJO;B; `11`1` ``11`I 2;JJ;J;;O `1`1`1 1`1`1 "B2"JOJ pOQMQMQQ MQMQMQQ JB;OB O;;B"J BJ"" "?"?" 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";O;;J BJOJO;;OJ 2JO0;;0; OJJ0J;J O;;O0;;J OOJOJO JOJOJ JOJOJOJOJO JOJOJOJ1 TjLLcLcL cLcLcLLcLL LLcLLcLcLc LcLcLcLcLc mccnm 1`1`11`1`1 `++1m `1`1``1`1` 1`1`` 1`1`1 11``1`11 `11`` LLncjm cjcmL LLmcjc LLcLmmjc jmLLmLLmcj LLmjcmjcmL mLjLm cpmmcp pmcpn 6jncpcnp pmcmcpcmnL pmLpmmpm Lnmpm mjpmcpn ncLpc cpmpc mLjpnm mpcL6 mpmnpc jcnpmLj pmmpmcp npmc6 Lmcpmcc pLnLn7 cpmn7LcpmL cpcjbm jjcbj mjLcpmm6 c6cL6c jjcpcc njpmm nLcmmLc m6mcpcm 1`1`1 ?JK ?#?"" ?, " ?#?#? 2?X#Q %?# #?##? ?##?# ??%?#? %??# # ?%#Q?,? #?%?# ## ? #Q # ? ## ?# ?% =]/]" ""==" /]=2=22 /=]2/ //]// 9$gDD 49494 4==9K O$lgg ]^^]Y pp6pbe 7ppbe 77^bpp 676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 BRUNEI Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights Malay language !+!+ THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brunei Geography Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 5,770 sq km land area: 5,270 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Delaware Land boundaries: total 381 km, Malysia 381 km Coastline: 161 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides the country; all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef, but has not publicly claimed the island Climate: tropical; hot, humid, rainy Terrain: flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, timber Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 1% forest and woodland: 79% other: 18% Irrigated land: 10 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea Note: close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brunei People Population: 292,266 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 34% (female 48,458; male 50,624) 15-64 years: 62% (female 85,581; male 95,955) 65 years and over: 4% (female 5,172; male 6,476) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.63% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 25.83 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 5.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 24.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.24 years male: 69.65 years female: 72.91 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.41 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian Ethnic divisions: Malay 64%, Chinese 20%, other 16% Religions: Muslim (official) 63%, Buddhism 14%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs and other 15% (1981) Languages: Malay (official), English, Chinese Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991) total population: 88% male: 92% female: 82% Labor force: 119,000 (1993 est.); note - includes members of the Army by occupation: government 47.5%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 41.9%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.8% (1986) note: 33% of labor force is foreign (1988) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brunei Government Names: conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei Digraph: BX Type: constitutional sultanate Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Administrative divisions: 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong Independence: 1 January 1984 (from UK) National holiday: National Day 23 February (1984) Constitution: 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) Legal system: based on Islamic law Suffrage: none Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji HASSANAL Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah (since 5 October 1967) cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers; composed chiefly of members of the royal family Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council (Majlis Masyuarat Megeri): elections last held in March 1962; in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the sultan; an elected legislative Council is being considered as part of constitution reform, but elections are unlikely for several years Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Brunei United National Party (inactive), Anak HASANUDDIN, chairman; Brunei National Solidarity Party (the first legal political party and now banned), leader NA; Brunei Peoples Party (banned), leader NA Member of: APEC, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, ICAO, IDB, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Haji JAYA bin Abdul Latif chancery: Watergate, Suite 300, 3rd floor, 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0159 FAX: [1] (202) 342-0158 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brunei Government US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Theresa A. TULL embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: American Embassy Box B, APO AP 96440 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293 Flag: yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brunei Economy Overview: The economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. It is almost totally supported by exports of crude oil and natural gas, with revenues from the petroleum sector accounting for more than 40% of GDP. Per capita GDP is among the highest in the Third World, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes food and housing. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.43 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: -4% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $16,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 5% (1993 est.) Budget: revenues: $1.5 billion expenditures: $1.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $255 million (1990 est.) Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: crude oil, liquefied natural gas, petroleum products partners: Japan 52%, South Korea 10%, UK 9%, Thailand 7%, Singapore 6% (1991) Imports: $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals partners: Singapore 34%, UK 23%, US 10%, Japan 8%, Malaysia 7%, Switzerland 4% (1991) External debt: $0 Industrial production: growth rate 12.9% (1987); accounts for 41.6% of GDP (1990), includes mining, quarrying, and manufacturing Electricity: capacity: 380,000 kW production: 1.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,971 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction Agriculture: imports about 80% of its food needs; principal crops and livestock include rice, cassava, bananas, buffaloes, and pigs Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $20.6 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $153 million Currency: 1 Bruneian dollar (B$) = 100 cents THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brunei Economy Exchange rates: Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1 - 1.4524 (January 1995), 1.5274 (1994), 1.6158 (1993), 1.6290 (1992), 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125 (1990); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brunei Transportation Railroads: total: 13 km private line narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge Highways: total: 1,090 km paved: bituminous 370 km (with another 52 km under construction) unpaved: gravel or earth 720 km Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters Pipelines: crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km Ports: Bandar Seri Begawar, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong Merchant marine: total: 7 liquefied gas carriers (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT Airports: 5 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brunei Communications Telephone system: 33,000 telephones (1987); service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Malaysia local: NA intercity: NA international: INTELSAT (NA Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: 74,000 (1987) note: radiobroadcast coverage good Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Brunei Defense Forces Branches: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 81,560; males fit for military service 47,403; males reach military age (18) annually 2,835 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $312 million, 6.2% of GDP (1994) BRUNEI - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist/business stay up to 90 days. Yellow fever vaccination needed if arriving from infected area. For more information, contact Embassy of the State of Brunei Darussalam, Suite 300, 2600 Virginia Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 (202/342-0159) or Brunei Permanent Mission to the U.N., 866 United Nations Plaza, Rm. 248, New York, NY 10017 (212/838-1600). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Brunei ============================================================ Brunei - Consular Information Sheet August 16, 1995 Country Description: Brunei is a small Islamic Sultanate on the north coast of the island of Borneo. The capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, is the only major city. Tourist facilities are good, and generally available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Visas are not required for Americans traveling to Brunei for business or pleasure on a designated carrier for stays of less than 90 days. Travelers on official business continue to need visas, which must be obtained in advance. A yellow fever vaccination is needed if arriving from an infected area. For more information, the traveler may contact the Embassy of the State of Brunei Darussalam, Suite 300, 2600 Virginia Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037; tel. (202)342-0159. Aviation Oversight: In March 1995, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Brunei's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for air carriers licensed by Brunei. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Medical Facilities: Hospital and medical services, as well as adequate facilities, are available in Brunei. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can be reached at (404) 332-4559 for additional useful health information. Information on Crime: The crime rate in Brunei is very low, and violent crime is rare. Lost or stolen passports should be reported to the local police and the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. The trafficking in and the illegal importation of controlled drugs are very serious offenses in Brunei and the penalty for such offenses is death. Persons carrying amounts above specified minimum quantities (15 grams of heroin, etc.) are subject to the maximum penalty. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within the area. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located on the third floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Julan Sultan, in the capital city of Bandar Seri Begawan. The mailing address is American Embassy Box B, APO AP 96440; telephone (673-2)229-670. No. 95-093 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 11, 1994, to add information on aviation safety.J ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Brunei ============================================================ Brunei - Consular Information Sheet August 16, 1995 Country Description: Brunei is a small Islamic Sultanate on the north coast of the island of Borneo. The capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, is the only major city. Tourist facilities are good, and generally available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Visas are not required for Americans traveling to Brunei for business or pleasure on a designated carrier for stays of less than 90 days. Travelers on official business continue to need visas, which must be obtained in advance. A yellow fever vaccination is needed if arriving from an infected area. For more information, the traveler may contact the Embassy of the State of Brunei Darussalam, Suite 300, 2600 Virginia Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037; tel. (202)342-0159. Aviation Oversight: In March 1995, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Brunei's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for air carriers licensed by Brunei. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Medical Facilities: Hospital and medical services, as well as adequate facilities, are available in Brunei. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can be reached at (404) 332-4559 for additional useful health information. Information on Crime: The crime rate in Brunei is very low, and violent crime is rare. Lost or stolen passports should be reported to the local police and the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. The trafficking in and the illegal importation of controlled drugs are very serious offenses in Brunei and the penalty for such offenses is death. Persons carrying amounts above specified minimum quantities (15 grams of heroin, etc.) are subject to the maximum penalty. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within the area. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located on the third floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Julan Sultan, in the capital city of Bandar Seri Begawan. The mailing address is American Embassy Box B, APO AP 96440; telephone (673-2)229-670. No. 95-093 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 11, 1994, to add information on aviation safety.J ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map "JJ"=2 JO22"; %%?%#? %#?%%?%# B2JJ;"JBB2 2?%?%%# 00J;J;O 2%??%# ;"0""22O; 21`J' 2#?%# ?#%%?%? 2"2"" JJ00; 2B2BB0" H9$J"H$$9 2H99DH JB;JB;;BJ2 J;O0;;B %[O,[,[[%% ,O,[%O,%O %[,,"[ BHHO4" OH292 J,[%2,[%, ,[",%%,"%, BOJJO;0 JJBO;O; 2B;0O; JO2BJ B""OBO J2;OB J"";J;B ;;B22 p2?2%2% 2%2%2%2" OOB0J;O ;OJJ";B O;;O0 OB"J\ 0J,;,;, ;,;,;,;,;, ;,;,;,;,;, ;,;,;,;,;, ;,;,;,; ccmjLL bmcbLL 2JJB" BB2JJB" "OJJB OJOBJJB 2JJ15 `51,JJ,BO ",O%,[,%[[ ,%,2",%%[, ,[[,,[ %,,J%%,[,$ B1`1,5 5221 `B"m mmddcUocV nDUopbUUjU mDjppo UbpUUpbCUp bppoop CobUp o;$oJ gJ"Ug UUpbj "J$gU 2B$CCoC$O" gUH/e `11``11 1``1` GH$GHmH$G HmH$GHmH$G HmH$GHmH$G HmH$GHmH$G HmH$GmH LpLmc L7cLj npjmL cpmLjmp jcmjm LmLLn cpLmL ,,1`115O 51`1` 23W,` 1`1`1 ##?# %?? 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P~_\" 0=\{W &&=GY HdO&X 8b<[=\& BULGARIA Map Button Image 8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria Geography Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe Area: total area: 110,910 sq km land area: 110,550 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee Land boundaries: total 1,808 km, Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km (all with Serbia), Turkey 240 km Coastline: 354 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers Terrain: mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land Land use: arable land: 34% permanent crops: 3% meadows and pastures: 18% forest and woodland: 35% other: 10% Irrigated land: 10 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes natural hazards: earthquakes, landslides THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria Geography international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea Note: strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria People Population: 8,775,198 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 19% (female 800,413; male 841,697) 15-64 years: 66% (female 2,927,880; male 2,910,133) 65 years and over: 15% (female 735,706; male 559,369) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: -0.25% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 11.75 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 11.31 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.68 years male: 70.43 years female: 77.1 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.71 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Bulgarian(s) adjective: Bulgarian Ethnic divisions: Bulgarian 85.3%, Turk 8.5%, Gypsy 2.6%, Macedonian 2.5%, Armenian 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, other 0.6% Religions: Bulgarian Orthodox 85%, Muslim 13%, Jewish 0.8%, Roman Catholic 0.5%, Uniate Catholic 0.2%, Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 0.5% Languages: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1992) total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% Labor force: 4.3 million by occupation: industry 33%, agriculture 20%, other 47% (1987) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria conventional short form: Bulgaria Digraph: BU Type: emerging democracy Capital: Sofia Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Burgas, Grad Sofiya, Khaskovo, Lovech, Montana, Plovdiv, Ruse, Sofiya, Varna Independence: 22 September 1908 (from Ottoman Empire) National holiday: Independence Day 3 March (1878) Constitution: adopted 12 July 1991 Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state: President Zhelyu Mitev ZHELEV (since 1 August 1990); Vice President (vacant); election last held January 1992; results - Zhelyu ZHELEV was elected by popular vote head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) Zhan VIDENOV (since 25 January 1995); Deputy Prime Ministers Doncho KONAKCHIEV, Kiril TSOCHEV, Rumen GECHEV, Svetoslav SHIVAROV (since 25 January 1995) cabinet: Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Narodno Sobranie): last held 18 December 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - BSP 43.5%, UDF 24.2%, PU 6.5%, MRF 5.4%, BBB 4.7%; seats - (240 total) BSP 125, UDF 69, PU 18, MRF 15, BBB 13 Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), Zhan VIDENOV, chairman; Union of Democratic Forces (UDF), Ivan KOSTOV an alliance of pro-Democratic parties; People's Union (PU), Stefan SAVOV; Movement for Rights and Freedoms (mainly ethnic Turkish party) (MRF), Ahmed DOGAN; Bulgarian Business Bloc (BBB), George GANCHEV Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Alliance for the Republic (DAR); New Union for Democracy (NUD); Ecoglasnost; Podkrepa Labor Confederation; Fatherland Union; Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP); Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria (KNSB); Bulgarian Agrarian National Union - United (BZNS); Bulgarian Democratic Center; "Nikola Petkov" Bulgarian Agrarian National Union; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Union of Macedonian Societies (IMRO-UMS); numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria Government Member of: ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI (associate members), EBRD, ECE, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Snezhana Damianova BOTUSHAROVA chancery: 1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 387-7969 FAX: [1] (202) 234-7973 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador William D. MONTGOMERY embassy: 1 Saborna Street, Sofia mailing address: Unit 1335, Sofia; APO AE 09213-1335 telephone: [359] (2) 88-48-01 through 05 FAX: [359] (2) 80-19-77 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the national emblem formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe has been removed - it contained a rampant lion within a wreath of wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and above a ribbon bearing the dates 681 (first Bulgarian state established) and 1944 (liberation from Nazi control) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria Economy Overview: The Bulgarian economy continued its painful adjustment in 1994 from the misdirected development undertaken during four decades of Communist rule. Many aspects of a market economy have been put in place and have begun to function, but much of the economy, especially the industrial sector, has yet to re-establish market links lost with the collapse of the other centrally planned Soviet Bloc economies. The prices of many imported industrial inputs, especially energy products, have risen markedly, and falling real wages have not sufficed to restore competitiveness. The government plans more extensive privatization in 1995 to improve the management of enterprises and to encourage foreign investment. Bulgaria resumed payments on its $10 billion in commercial debt in 1993 following the negotiation of a 50% write-off. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $33.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,830 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 122% (1994) Unemployment rate: 16% (1994) Budget: revenues: $14 billion expenditures: $17.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $610 million (1993 est.) Exports: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: machinery and equipment 30.6%; agricultural products 24%; manufactured consumer goods 22.2%; fuels, minerals, raw materials, and metals 10.5%; other 12.7% (1991) partners: former CEMA countries 57.7% (FSU 48.6%, Poland 2.1%, Czechoslovakia 0.9%); developed countries 26.3% (Germany 4.8%, Greece 2.2%); less developed countries 15.9% (Libya 2.1%, Iran 0.7%) (1991) Imports: $4.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: fuels, minerals, and raw materials 58.7%; machinery and equipment 15.8%; manufactured consumer goods 4.4%; agricultural products 15.2%; other 5.9% partners: former CEMA countries 51.0% (FSU 43.2%, Poland 3.7%); developed countries 32.8% (Germany 7.0%, Austria 4.7%); less developed countries 16.2% (Iran 2.8%, Libya 2.5%) External debt: $12 billion (1994) Industrial production: growth rate 4% (1994); accounts for about 37% of GDP (1990) Electricity: capacity: 11,500,000 kW production: 35.9 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,827 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria Economy Industries: machine building and metal working, food processing, chemicals, textiles, building materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals Agriculture: climate and soil conditions support livestock raising and the growing of various grain crops, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, and tobacco; more than one-third of the arable land devoted to grain; world's fourth-largest tobacco exporter; surplus food producer Illicit drugs: transshipment point for southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine transiting the Balkan route; limited producer of precursor chemicals Economic aid: recipient: $700 million in balance of payments support (1994) Currency: 1 lev (Lv) = 100 stotinki Exchange rates: leva (Lv) per US$1 - 67.04 (January 1995), 32.00 (January 1994), 24.56 (January 1993), 17.18 (January 1992), 16.13 (March 1991), 0.7446 (November 1990); note - floating exchange rate since February 1991 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria Transportation Railroads: total: 4,294 km standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,650 km electrified; 917 double track) other: 245 km NA-m gauge (1994) Highways: total: 36,932 km paved: 33,904 km (including 276 km expressways) unpaved: earth 3,028 km (1992) Inland waterways: 470 km (1987) Pipelines: crude oil 193 km; petroleum products 525 km; natural gas 1,400 km (1992) Ports: Burgas, Lom, Nesebur, Ruse, Varna, Vidin Merchant marine: total: 109 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,191,231 GRT/1,762,461 DWT ships by type: bulk 47, cargo 29, chemical carrier 4, container 2, oil tanker 15, passenger-cargo 2, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, short-sea passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 1 note: Bulgaria owns 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 12,960 DWT operating under Liberian registry Airports: total: 355 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 17 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 with paved runways under 914 m: 88 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 10 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 226 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria Communications Telephone system: 2,600,000 telephones; 29 telephones/100 persons (1992); extensive but antiquated transmission system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; direct dialing to 36 countries; telephone service is available in most villages; almost two-thirds of the lines are residential; 67% of Sofia households have phones (November 1988) local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 earth station using Intersputnik; INTELSAT link used through a Greek earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 20, FM 15, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 29 (Russian repeater in Sofia 1) televisions: 2.1 million (May 1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Bulgaria Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Troops, Internal Troops Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,171,414; males fit for military service 1,810,989; males reach military age (19) annually 69,200 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 13 billion leva, NA% of GDP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results BULGARIA - Passport required. Tourist visa not required for stay up to 30 days. AIDS test may be required for those staying more than 1 month; U.S. test not accepted. For business visas and other information contact Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria, 1621 22nd St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/387-7969). Bulgaria - Consular Information Sheet September 2, 1994 Country Description: Bulgaria is a moderately developed European nation undergoing profound political and economic changes. Tourist facilities are widely available, but conditions vary considerably and some facilities are not up to Western standards. Goods and services taken for granted in other European countries are still not available in many areas of Bulgaria. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for tourist or business visits of less than 30 days. An AIDS test may be required for those staying more than one month; U.S. tests are not accepted. All visitors to Bulgaria must register with the police, a hotel or a guest house within 48 hours of arrival. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria at 1621 22nd Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 387-7969; Consular Section is (202) 483-5885. Medical Facilities: Although Bulgarian physicians are trained to a very high standard, hospitals and clinics are generally not equipped and maintained at U.S. or West European levels. Basic medical supplies are widely available, but specialized treatments may not be. Visitors must pay cash for medical and health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332- 4559. Crime Information: There has been a recent rise in street crime, much of which is directed against foreigners. Pickpocketing and purse snatching are frequent occurrences as is theft from automobiles, where thieves smash windows to remove valuables left in sight. There have been a number of incidents in which tourists have accepted offers of "help from friendly people" met by chance at the airport, bus stations or train stations and have been drugged or assaulted and robbed. Taxi drivers at Sofia Airport are notoriously dishonest and refuse to run their meters. Travelers who insist upon a pre-agreed fare can avoid the more outrageous overcharging. Automobile theft is also a frequent problem, with four-wheel drive vehicles and late model European sedans the most popular targets. Very few vehicles are recovered. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. It provides information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Currency Regulations: Bulgaria is largely a cash economy. Most shops, hotels and restaurants still do not accept travelers checks or credit cards. Visitors can exchange money at change bureaus. People on the street who offer high rates of exchange are confidence tricksters intent on swindling the unwary travelers. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Persons convicted of possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are subject to imprisonment and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In November 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Bulgaria's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Bulgaria's carriers operating to and from the U.S. The same level of safety oversight would typically be applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800- 322-7873. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within Bulgaria. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria, is located at 1 Suborna (formerly 1 A. Stamboliski Boulevard); telephone (359-2) 88-48-01 to -05. This is also the after hours number for emergencies. The Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy is located at 1 Kapitan Andreev Street in Sofia; telephone (359-2) 65-94-59. No. 94-182 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated January 19, 1994, to add the paragraph on aviation oversight. Show Map x8dot3 Turkish Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights bulgaria l[x[{G language 13",S 11`11`` ,%,[""["%[ 1,15O `,J5J&` ,[O[%"%J%% %[,%,%% [%%,"%[ B;J;O `1551` J`1"b 151"B1 `15,` ",1`2_ ,``2^ 35O2"25' 2JO"2B"2 `1``11 J``2"" O15,B"2 B2B515O"22 ,`31O' ";``1151`1 1OBJ` 1`11` `JJ1B25 5JB55B& `1,11 `B,O%11` ,%,%[ O,%[[,[" ,#J[[, [#%,%% J55J,1` "B;51" ,%OJ5 ``1,J,;, `1B=BB"&5, 21``&O `1,;15,O 1BJOO `5O,B" JB"25 1``,,2 `55B2; ``1`1 J,15`` 11J=2O" "B551 2BJOJON 2B;;1 BB;1, BJOOJOOJO2 51`1`1`11J "J11` B"JOJ "O,11``1` ,J,551 2O,153 O51`+ ,[O[%"%J%% "%""% %[[%,[%[[, OOBBOOB ,[[%[[%[#[ [,[[, ""%"" 22""B ?%%X%? 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Environment: current issues: recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation natural hazards: recurring droughts international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burkina People Population: 10,422,828 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 2,488,662; male 2,517,245) 15-64 years: 49% (female 2,707,601; male 2,378,957) 65 years and over: 3% (female 184,578; male 145,785) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.79% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 48.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 18.22 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 116.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 46.6 years male: 45.71 years female: 47.51 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.88 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural) adjective: Burkinabe Ethnic divisions: Mossi (about 2.5 million), Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani Religions: indigenous beliefs 40%, Muslim 50%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10% Languages: French (official), tribal languages belonging to Sudanic family, spoken by 90% of the population Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 18% male: 28% female: 9% Labor force: NA (most adults are employed in subsistance agriculture) by occupation: agriculture 80%, industry 15%, commerce, services, and government 5% note: 20% of male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (1984) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burkina Government Names: conventional long form: Burkina Faso conventional short form: Burkina former: Upper Volta Digraph: UV Type: parliamentary Capital: Ouagadougou Administrative divisions: 30 provinces; Bam, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komoe, Kossi, Kouritenga, Mouhoun, Namentenga, Naouri, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Yatenga, Zoundweogo Independence: 5 August 1960 (from France) National holiday: Anniversary of the Revolution, 4 August (1983) Constitution: 2 June 1991 Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law Suffrage: none Executive branch: chief of state: President Captain Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987); election last held December 1991 head of government: Prime Minister Roch KABORE (since March 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of People's Deputies: elections last held 24 May 1992 (next to be held 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (107 total), ODP-MT 78, CNPP-PSD 12, RDA 6, ADF 4, other 7 note: the current law also provides for a second consultative chamber, which has not been formally constituted Judicial branch: Appeals Court Political parties and leaders: Organization for People's Democracy - Labor Movement (ODP-MT), ruling party, Simon COMPAORE, Secretary General; National Convention of Progressive Patriots-Social Democratic Party (CNPP-PSD), Moussa BOLY; African Democratic Rally (RDA), Gerard Kango OUEDRAOGO; Alliance for Democracy and Federation (ADF), Amadou Michel NANA Other political or pressure groups: committees for the defense of the revolution; watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burkina Government Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Gaetan R. OUEDRAOGO chancery: 2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-5577, 6895 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Donald J. McCONNELL embassy: Avenue Raoul Follerau, Ouagadougou mailing address: 01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou telephone: [226] 306723 through 306725 FAX: [226] 312368 Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burkina Economy Overview: One of the poorest countries in the world, Burkina has a high population density and a high population growth rate, few natural resources, and a fragile soil. Economic development is hindered by a poor communications network within a landlocked country. Agriculture provides about 40% of GDP and is mainly of a subsistence nature. Industry, dominated by unprofitable government-controlled corporations, accounts for about 15% of GDP. Following the 50% currency devaluation in January 1994, the government updated its development program in conjunction with international agencies. Even with the best of plans, however, the government faces formidable problems on all sides. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.4% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $660 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.6% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $483 million expenditures: $548 million, including capital expenditures of $189 million (1992) Exports: $273 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: cotton, gold, animal products partners: EC 42%, Cote d'Ivoire 11%, Taiwan 15% (1992) Imports: $636 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: machinery, food products, petroleum partners: EC 49%, Africa 24%, Japan 6% (1992) External debt: $865 million (December 1991 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 6.7% (1992); accounts for about 15% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 60,000 kW production: 190 million kWh consumption per capita: 17 kWh (1993) Industries: cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold mining and extraction Agriculture: accounts for about 40% of GDP; cash crops - peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton; food crops - sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock; not self-sufficient in food grains THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burkina Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $294 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.9 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $113 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1995), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burkina Transportation Railroads: total: 620 km (520 km Ouagadougou to Cote d'Ivoire border and 100 km Ouagadougou to Kaya; single track) narrow gauge: 620 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 16,500 km paved: 1,300 km unpaved: improved earth 7,400 km; unimproved earth 7,800 km (1985) Ports: none Airports: total: 48 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 26 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 4 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 16 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burkina Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; all services only fair local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay, wire, and radio communication stations international: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burkina Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police, People's Militia Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,081,999; males fit for military service 1,065,605 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $104 million, 6.4% of GDP (1994) BURKINA FASO - Passport and visa required. Single-entry visa valid 3 months for visit up to 1 month, extendable, requires $20 fee, 2 application forms, 2 photos and yellow fever vaccination (cholera immunization recommended). Send passport by registered mail and include postage or prepaid envelope for return by mail. Payment accepted in cash or money order only. For further information call Embassy of Burkina Faso, 2340 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/332-5577) or Honorary Consulate in Decatur, GA (404/378-7278), Los Angeles, CA (213/824-5100) or New Orleans, LA (504/945-3152). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Burkina Faso ============================================================ Burkina Faso - Consular Information Sheet January 20, 1995 Country Description: Burkina Faso, previously known as Upper Volta, is a developing West African country which borders the Sahara Desert. The official language is French. Facilities for tourism are not widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Cholera immunization is recommended. Additional information can be obtained from the Embassy of Burkina Faso, 2340 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 332-5577. There are honorary consuls for Burkina Faso in Decatur (Georgia), Los Angeles and New Orleans. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Burkina Faso are limited. Medicine may be in short supply. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. Malaria risk exists throughout the year and throughout the country. Malaria prophylaxis is used by most visitors and residents. Local water is not potable. Bottled water is available in urban areas, but is not widely available in rural areas. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Some petty crime occurs. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad," and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa," provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Photography Restrictions: A valid photo permit must be obtained from the Ministry of Tourism; the Ministry's list of photo restrictions are expected to be observed. The U.S. Embassy can provide information on specific photography regulations. Currency Information: Credit cards are rarely accepted. Travelers checks can be cashed at local banks. Use of Telephones: Local telephone service is excellent but expensive. International calls cannot always be made from hotels. It is often necessary to make international calls from a Post and Telecommunications office where calls must be paid for in local currency only. Collect calls are not possible. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Ouagadougou can obtain updated information on travel and security in Burkina Faso. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of Ouagadougou on Avenue Raoul Follerau. The mailing address is 01 B.P. 35, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The telephone numbers are (226) 30-67-23/24/25. The fax number is (226) 31-23-68. No. 95-007 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 23, 1993, with no changes following an annual review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 ",12! ,O%[[O %%[&"%2 %J%O%2 #%X#X%# 2BOB"O2"" 3`;"$ "?%?%? 0O;J;B ?%#%% O1,"21SJO &1OJB 0;1&,W "2O;& O2"JB ,2O;J ""2"2 B`WO) OBOJB O3`D* ,&`S!1 2&1%"* BOg$D4 2BBJO2;OBB 2J;O2OJ J;J0; LO$g$9J ;0&O0,#31, 29$O9" "BJB% OJ31`S ?%Q?? O2;OOJ0 0W`J Q?%?? JOBOB "JBJOBO2O QMQMQ [%,"[% [2%[% ,%[[%& OJOJJO ,[%[[%J[[" %[[,,2 [[,,%[% 5;O+, O;JJ;; ,#O[[,, ",%,2 %",[$ ,O%O#,["%, %[2%" ,%[2[[ JB;BO "[2%[, B;;"BB "[%"" OO"" ?"?"" 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O\{{ =:g:="`:. =!=1: 1,1,1.1,! 1!,1,`! !,1,!1,1 1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 -1-1-11- 1--1--1- 11--1 -1--1 --1--1 Burma Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BURMA x8dot3 6 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma Geography Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 678,500 sq km land area: 657,740 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas Land boundaries: total 5,876 km, Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km Coastline: 1,930 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April) Terrain: central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands Natural resources: petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas Land use: arable land: 15% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 1% forest and woodland: 49% other: 34% Irrigated land: 10,180 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease natural hazards: destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea Note: strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma People Population: 45,103,809 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 36% (female 7,963,544; male 8,285,459) 15-64 years: 60% (female 13,478,211; male 13,404,987) 65 years and over: 4% (female 1,080,922; male 890,686) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.84% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 28.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.63 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 61.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 60.47 years male: 58.38 years female: 62.69 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.58 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Burmese (singular and plural) adjective: Burmese Ethnic divisions: Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5% Religions: Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, animist beliefs 1%, other 2% Languages: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 81% male: 89% female: 72% Labor force: 16.007 million (1992) by occupation: agriculture 65.2%, industry 14.3%, trade 10.1%, government 6.3%, other 4.1% (FY88/89 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma Government Names: conventional long form: Union of Burma conventional short form: Burma local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar) local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Digraph: BM Type: military regime Capital: Rangoon (regime refers to the capital as Yangon) Administrative divisions: 7 divisions* (yin-mya, singular - yin) and 7 states (pyine-mya, singular - pyine); Chin State, Ayeyarwady*, Bago*, Kachin State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Magway*, Mandalay*, Mon State, Rakhine State, Sagaing*, Shan State, Tanintharyi*, Yangon* Independence: 4 January 1948 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 4 January (1948) Constitution: 3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988); National Convention started on 9 January 1993 to draft a new constitution; chapter headings and three of 15 sections have been approved Legal system: has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992) State Law and Order Restoration Council: military junta which assumed power 18 September 1988 Legislative branch: People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw): election last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened; results - NLD 80%; seats - (485 total) NLD 396, the regime-favored NUP 10, other 79; was dissolved after the coup of 18 September 1988 Judicial branch: limited; remnants of the British-era legal system in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not independent of the executive Political parties and leaders: Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), THAN AUNG, Secretary; National Unity Party (NUP; proregime), THA KYAW; National League for Democracy (NLD), U AUNG SHWE; and eight other minor legal parties THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma Government Other political or pressure groups: National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB), headed by the elected prime minister SEIN WIN (consists of individuals legitimately elected to Parliament but not recognized by the military regime; the group fled to a border area and joined with insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government; Kachin Independence Army (KIA); United Wa State Army (UWSA); Karen National Union (KNU); several Shan factions, including the Mong Tai Army (MTA); All Burma Student Democratic Front (ABSDF) Member of: AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador U THAUNG chancery: 2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-9044, 9045 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Marilyn A. MEYERS embassy: 581 Merchant Street, Rangoon (GPO 521) mailing address: American Embassy, Box B, APO AP 96546 telephone: [95] (1) 82055, 82182 (operator assistance required) FAX: [95] (1) 80409 Flag: red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma Economy Overview: Burma has a mixed economy with about 75% private activity, mainly in agriculture, light industry, and transport, and with about 25% state-controlled activity, mainly in energy, heavy industry, and foreign trade. Government policy in the last six years, 1989-94, has aimed at revitalizing the economy after four decades of tight central planning. Thus, private activity has markedly increased; foreign investment has been encouraged, so far with moderate success; and efforts continue to increase the efficiency of state enterprises. Published estimates of Burma's foreign trade are greatly understated because of the volume of black market trade. A major ongoing problem is the failure to achieve monetary and fiscal stability. Although Burma remains a poor Asian country, its rich resources furnish the potential for substantial long-term increases in income, exports, and living standards. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $41.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 6.4% (1994) National product per capita: $930 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 38% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $4.4 billion expenditures: $6.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93/94 est.) Exports: $674 million (FY93/94 est.) commodities: pulses and beans, teak, rice, hardwood partners: Singapore, China, Thailand, India, Hong Kong Imports: $1.2 billion (FY93/94 est.) commodities: machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, food products partners: Japan, China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia External debt: $5.4 billion (FY93/94 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 4.9% (FY92/93 est.); accounts for 10% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 1,100,000 kW production: 2.6 billion kWh consumption per capita: 55 kWh (1993) Industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining; mining of copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma Economy Agriculture: accounts for 65% of GDP and 65% of employment (including fishing, animal husbandry, and forestry); self-sufficient in food; principal crops - paddy rice, corn, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses; world's largest stand of hardwood trees; rice and timber account for 55% of export revenues Illicit drugs: world's largest illicit producer of opium (2,030 metric tons in 1994 - dropped 21% due to regional drought in 1994) and minor producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; opium production continues to be almost double since the collapse of Rangoon's antinarcotic programs; growing role in amphetamine production for regional consumption Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $158 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.9 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $424 million Currency: 1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas Exchange rates: kyats (K) per US$1 - 5.8640 (January 1995), 5.9749 (1994), 6.1570 (1993), 6.1045 (1992), 6.2837 (1991), 6.3386 (1990); unofficial - 120 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma Transportation Railroads: total: 3,991 km (3,878 km common carrier lines, 113 km industrial lines) standard gauge: 3,878 km 1.435-m gauge other: 113 km NA-m gauge Highways: total: 27,000 km paved: bituminous 3,200 km unpaved: gravel, improved earth 17,700 km; unimproved earth 6,100 km Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels Pipelines: crude oil 1,343 km; natural gas 330 km Ports: Bassein, Bhamo, Chauk, Mandalay, Moulmein, Myitkyina, Rangoon, Sittwe, Tavoy Merchant marine: total: 49 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 638,297 GRT/884,492 DWT ships by type: bulk 19, cargo 15, chemical tanker 1, container 2, oil tanker 3, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 4, vehicle carrier 2 Airports: total: 80 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 11 with paved runways under 914 m: 33 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 5 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 17 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma Communications Telephone system: 53,000 telephones (1986); meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government; international service is good local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1985) radios: NA note: radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas Television: broadcast stations: 1 (1985) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burma Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 11,553,094; females age 15-49 11,463,189; males fit for military service 6,180,091; females fit for military service 6,116,421; males reach military age (18) annually 457,445 (1995 est.); females reach military age (18) annually 441,628 (1995 est.) note: both sexes liable for military service Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP 0BURMA - (See Myanmar.) STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Burma (Myanmar) ============================================================ Burma (Myanmar) - Consular Information Sheet October 19, 1995 Country Description: Burma, renamed Myanmar in 1989, experienced major political unrest in 1988. Conditions are stable under a military government except in remote border areas where longstanding insurgencies persist. Entry Requirements: Travel to and within Burma is strictly controlled by that country's government. A passport and visa is required. Tourist visas are issued for package/group tours as well as to foreign individual tourists ("FITS") for stays of up to four weeks. Burmese visas may be issued at the point of entry to certain individual tourists and group travelers. "FITS" must exchange a minimum of $300 for dollar denominated foreign exchange certificates upon arrival. Information about entering Burma via land borders as well as other information may be sought from the Burmese Embassy (Embassy of the Union of Myanmar), 2300 S Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202)332-9044/6), or the Permanent Mission of Myanmar to the U.N., 10 East 77th St., New York, N.Y. 10021 (212-535-1311). Areas of Instability: Travel to main tourist areas of Pagan, Inle Lake and the Mandalay area is routine. Travel to other parts of Burma is possible, although transportation is difficult. Visiting destinations such as Kyaiktiyo, Moulemein, and Myitkyina may require advance permission from authorities, which takes several days to arrange in Rangoon. Those destinations requiring permission are subject to change without advance notice. Unauthorized travelers may be stopped and harassed by security personnel and turned around. Some persons traveling to places where permission is not expressly required have also reported delays, including temporary detention by local security personnel. Others report being able to travel freely. Obtaining advance permission to certain destinations does not guarantee ability to travel, which is ultimately at the discretion of Burmese military intelligence. There has been one reported guerrilla attack in the vicinity of Kanbauk (Tenasserim) in the vicinity of a planned gas pipeline. Southern Shan State is the scene of occasional fighting between the government forces and Shan United Army (MTA). There has also been recent fighting by other groups in the Thai-Burma border region, and travelers may obtain updated information from the U.S. Embassy at Rangoon. The Tachilek border area, at which border crossings are sometimes permitted, is a potential site for fighting. Even inadvertently crossing the border elsewhere may result in danger. Medical Facilities: Hospital and medical services are available in Rangoon. Elsewhere, medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can be reached at (404) 332-4559 for additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Security in tourist areas is generally good. Lost or stolen passports should be reported to local police and the U.S. Embassy. The level of violent crime and crime against property is low. There are occasional reports of pickpocketing. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and possible sentences include stiff jail terms and fines or the death penalty. Currency: Foreign Exchange Certificates (FEC) are de facto exchangeable for Burmese Kyat at market rates. FEC are required by foreigners for the payment of plane and most train tickets and most hotels. Kyat are accepted for most other transactions. It is possible to purchase FEC with some credit cards at the Myanmar Foreign Trade Bank in Rangoon. Although money changers may approach travelers to offer to change dollars into Kyat at the market rate, it is illegal to exchange foreign currency except at authorized locations such as the airport, banks and government stores. Other Information: Roads are poor in Burma. Trains are uncomfortable and not always punctual. Photographing persons in uniform or any military installation is discouraged by Burmese authorities. Customs regulations are restrictive and strictly enforced. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 581 Merchant Street, Rangoon. The telephone number is (95-1) 82055. No. 95-130 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 6, 1995 to update information on entry, areas of instability, and currency restrictions. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Burma (Myanmar) ============================================================ Burma (Myanmar) - Consular Information Sheet October 19, 1995 Country Description: Burma, renamed Myanmar in 1989, experienced major political unrest in 1988. Conditions are stable under a military government except in remote border areas where longstanding insurgencies persist. Entry Requirements: Travel to and within Burma is strictly controlled by that country's government. A passport and visa is required. Tourist visas are issued for package/group tours as well as to foreign individual tourists ("FITS") for stays of up to four weeks. Burmese visas may be issued at the point of entry to certain individual tourists and group travelers. "FITS" must exchange a minimum of $300 for dollar denominated foreign exchange certificates upon arrival. Information about entering Burma via land borders as well as other information may be sought from the Burmese Embassy (Embassy of the Union of Myanmar), 2300 S Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202)332-9044/6), or the Permanent Mission of Myanmar to the U.N., 10 East 77th St., New York, N.Y. 10021 (212-535-1311). Areas of Instability: Travel to main tourist areas of Pagan, Inle Lake and the Mandalay area is routine. Travel to other parts of Burma is possible, although transportation is difficult. Visiting destinations such as Kyaiktiyo, Moulemein, and Myitkyina may require advance permission from authorities, which takes several days to arrange in Rangoon. Those destinations requiring permission are subject to change without advance notice. Unauthorized travelers may be stopped and harassed by security personnel and turned around. Some persons traveling to places where permission is not expressly required have also reported delays, including temporary detention by local security personnel. Others report being able to travel freely. Obtaining advance permission to certain destinations does not guarantee ability to travel, which is ultimately at the discretion of Burmese military intelligence. There has been one reported guerrilla attack in the vicinity of Kanbauk (Tenasserim) in the vicinity of a planned gas pipeline. Southern Shan State is the scene of occasional fighting between the government forces and Shan United Army (MTA). There has also been recent fighting by other groups in the Thai-Burma border region, and travelers may obtain updated information from the U.S. Embassy at Rangoon. The Tachilek border area, at which border crossings are sometimes permitted, is a potential site for fighting. Even inadvertently crossing the border elsewhere may result in danger. Medical Facilities: Hospital and medical services are available in Rangoon. Elsewhere, medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can be reached at (404) 332-4559 for additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Security in tourist areas is generally good. Lost or stolen passports should be reported to local police and the U.S. Embassy. The level of violent crime and crime against property is low. There are occasional reports of pickpocketing. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and possible sentences include stiff jail terms and fines or the death penalty. Currency: Foreign Exchange Certificates (FEC) are de facto exchangeable for Burmese Kyat at market rates. FEC are required by foreigners for the payment of plane and most train tickets and most hotels. Kyat are accepted for most other transactions. It is possible to purchase FEC with some credit cards at the Myanmar Foreign Trade Bank in Rangoon. Although money changers may approach travelers to offer to change dollars into Kyat at the market rate, it is illegal to exchange foreign currency except at authorized locations such as the airport, banks and government stores. Other Information: Roads are poor in Burma. Trains are uncomfortable and not always punctual. Photographing persons in uniform or any military installation is discouraged by Burmese authorities. Customs regulations are restrictive and strictly enforced. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 581 Merchant Street, Rangoon. The telephone number is (95-1) 82055. No. 95-130 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 6, 1995 to update information on entry, areas of instability, and currency restrictions. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 5`,%,`" 055`R pO%?%#?X #%X%?%# 2O;;"JBB2 pO"%?%%# 00J;J;O pOQ%"% " ""22B; pO%X?# #%%?%? 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Environment: current issues: soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations natural hazards: flooding, landslides international agreements: party to - Endangered Species; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban Note: landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burundi People Population: 6,262,429 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 1,489,721; male 1,494,730) 15-64 years: 50% (female 1,606,307; male 1,498,021) 65 years and over: 2% (female 105,446; male 68,204) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.18% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 21.51 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: in a number of waves since April 1994, hundreds of thousands of refugees have fled the civil strife between the Hutu and Tutsi factions in Burundi and crossed into Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zaire; the refugee flows are continuing in 1995 as the ethnic violence has persisted Infant mortality rate: 111.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 39.86 years male: 37.84 years female: 41.95 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.63 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundi Ethnic divisions: Africans: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1% non-Africans: Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 Religions: Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 32%, Muslim 1% Languages: Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 50% male: 61% female: 40% Labor force: 1.9 million (1983 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burundi People by occupation: agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burundi Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi Digraph: BY Type: republic Capital: Bujumbura Administrative divisions: 15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration) National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962) Constitution: 13 March 1992; provides for establishment of a plural political system Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: universal adult at age NA Executive branch: chief of state: President Sylvestre NTIBANTUNGANYA (since September 1994) note: President Melchior NDADAYE, Burundi's first democratically elected president, died in the military coup of 21 October 1993 and was succeeded on 5 February 1994 by President Cyprien NTARYAMIRA, who was killed in a mysterious airplane explosion on 6 April 1994 head of government: Prime Minister Antoine NDUWAYO (since February 1995); selected by President NTIBANTUNGANYA following the resignation of Anatole KANYENKIKO on 15 February 1995 cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 29 June 1993 (next to be held NA); results - FRODEBU 71%, UPRONA 21.4%; seats - (81 total) FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16; other parties won too small shares of the vote to win seats in the assembly note: The National Unity Charter outlining the principles for constitutional government was adopted by a national referendum on 5 February 1991 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burundi Government Political parties and leaders: Unity for National Progress (UPRONA); Burundi Democratic Front (FRODEBU); Organization of the People of Burundi (RBP); Socialist Party of Burundi (PSB); People's Reconciliation Party (PRP); opposition parties, legalized in March 1992, include Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation (ABASA); Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development (RADDES); and Party for National Redress (PARENA) Other political or pressure groups: NA; Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: post vacant since recall of Ambassador Jacques BACAMURWANKO in November 1994 chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Robert C. KRUEGER embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] (2) 23454 FAX: [257] (2) 22926 Flag: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burundi Economy Overview: A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic development, Burundi since October 1993 has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence that has displaced an estimated million people, disrupted production, and set back needed reform programs. Burundi is predominately agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. As part of its economic reform agenda, launched in February 1991 with IMF and World Bank support, Burundi is trying to diversify its agricultural exports, attract foreign investment in industry, and modernize government budgetary practices. Although the government remains committed to reforms, it fears new austerity measures would add to ethnic tensions. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -13.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $600 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $318 million expenditures: $326 million, including capital expenditures of $150 million (1991 est.) Exports: $68 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: coffee 81%, tea, cotton, hides, and skins partners: EC 57%, US 19%, Asia 1% Imports: $203 million (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs, consumer goods partners: EC 45%, Asia 29%, US 2% External debt: $1.05 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 11% (1991 est.); accounts for about 15% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 55,000 kW production: 100 million kWh consumption per capita: 20 kWh (1993) Industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burundi Economy Agriculture: accounts for 50% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cotton, tea; food crops - corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc; livestock - meat, milk, hides and skins Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $71 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $32 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $175 million Currency: 1 Burundi franc (FBu) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 248.51 (December 1994), 252.66 (1994), 242.78 (1993), 208.30 (1992), 181.51 (1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burundi Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 5,900 km paved: 640 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 2,260 km; improved, unimproved earth 3,000 km (1990) Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika Ports: Bujumbura Airports: total: 4 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burundi Communications Telephone system: 8,000 telephones; primative system; telephone density - 1.3 telephones/1,000 persons local: NA intercity: sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay links international: 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Burundi Defense Forces Branches: Army (includes naval and air units), paramilitary Gendarmerie Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,350,042; males fit for military service 705,864; males reach military age (16) annually 73,308 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $25 million, 2.6% of GDP (1993) 7BURUNDI - Passport and visa required. Obtain visa before arrival to avoid long airport delay. Multi-entry visa valid for 2 months (must be used within 2 months of date of issue) requires $11 fee, 3 application forms, 3 photos, yellow fever and cholera immunizations and return/onward ticket (meningitis immunization recommended). Company letter needed for business travel. Send U.S. postal money order only and SASE for return of passport by mail. For further information consult Embassy of the Republic of Burundi, Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/342-2574) or Permanent Mission of Burundi to the U.N. (212/687-1180). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Burundi ============================================================ Burundi - Travel Warning October 3, 1995 The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer all travel to Burundi. Because of the increasing and unpredictable incidents of violence throughout Burundi, the Department of State has restricted U.S. government personnel from traveling outside the capital city, Bujumbura. Further, personnel may travel only to areas within Bujumbura deemed safe by the U.S. Regional Security Officer. Dependents are prohibited from accompanying U.S. government employees assigned to Burundi. No. 95-031 This replaces the Travel Warning dated June 16, 1995 to reflect the designation of Bujumbura as an unaccompanied post for U.S. government employees. Burundi - Consular Information Sheet October 6, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer all travel to Burundi. Because of the increasing and unpredictable incidents of violence throughout Burundi, the Department of State has restricted U.S. government personnel from traveling outside the capital city, Bujumbura. Further, personnel may travel only to areas within Bujumbura deemed safe by the U.S. Regional Security Officer. Dependents are prohibited from accompanying U.S. government employees assigned to Burundi. Country Description: Burundi is a small, inland African nation passing through a period of instability following a coup attempt in October 1993. Facilities for tourism, particularly in the interior, are limited. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Only those travelers resident in countries where there is no Burundian Embassy are eligible for entry stamps, without a visa, at the airport upon arrival. These entry stamps are not a substitute for a visa which must subsequently be obtained from the Immigration Service within 24 hours of arrival. Visas cost from $30 to $60, depending on anticipated length of stay. Travelers who have failed to obtain a visa will not be permitted to leave the country. Multiple entry visas valid for three months are available in Burundian Embassies abroad for $11. Evidence of yellow fever immunization must be presented. Also, visitors are required to show proof of vaccination against meningococcal meningitis. Additional information may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Burundi, Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 342-2574; or the Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations in New York, telephone (212) 687-1180. Areas of Instability: In light of the October 1993 coup attempt and subsequent ethnic/political tensions, all areas of the country are potentially unstable. Sporadic violence remains a problem, in Bujumbura as well as in the interior where large numbers of displaced persons are encamped or in hiding. Local authorities cannot guarantee safety. The U.S. Embassy has reiterated the importance of using extreme caution, and respecting any curfews in effect, with no travel to the troubled neighborhoods of the capital. Burundi periodically has closed its land borders without notice and suspended air travel and telephone service in response to political disturbances. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited in Burundi. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including medical evacuation coverage, has proved to be useful. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that travelers to Burundi receive the meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine before traveling to the area. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Street crime in Burundi poses a high risk for visitors. Crime involves muggings, purse-snatching, pickpocketing, burglary, and auto break-ins. Criminals operate individually or in small groups. There have been reports of muggings of persons jogging or walking alone in all sections of Bujumbura, and especially on public roads bordering Lake Tanganyika. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. In-Country Travel: Given the fragile security situation, travelers should check with the U.S. Embassy in Bujumbura before traveling out of the capital. Burundi has a good network of roads between the major towns and border posts. Travel on other roads is difficult, particularly in the rainy season. Public transportation to border points is often difficult and frequently unavailable. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security in Burundi. The U.S. Embassy is located on the Avenue des Etats-Unis in the capital city of Bujumbura. The mailing address is B.P. 34, 1720 Bujumbura. The telephone number is (257) 223-454. No. 95-124 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 12, 1995, to reflect the designation of Bujumbura as an unaccompanied post for U.S. government employees. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Burundi ============================================================ Burundi - Travel Warning October 3, 1995 The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer all travel to Burundi. Because of the increasing and unpredictable incidents of violence throughout Burundi, the Department of State has restricted U.S. government personnel from traveling outside the capital city, Bujumbura. Further, personnel may travel only to areas within Bujumbura deemed safe by the U.S. Regional Security Officer. Dependents are prohibited from accompanying U.S. government employees assigned to Burundi. No. 95-031 This replaces the Travel Warning dated June 16, 1995 to reflect the designation of Bujumbura as an unaccompanied post for U.S. government employees. Burundi - Consular Information Sheet October 6, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer all travel to Burundi. Because of the increasing and unpredictable incidents of violence throughout Burundi, the Department of State has restricted U.S. government personnel from traveling outside the capital city, Bujumbura. Further, personnel may travel only to areas within Bujumbura deemed safe by the U.S. Regional Security Officer. Dependents are prohibited from accompanying U.S. government employees assigned to Burundi. Country Description: Burundi is a small, inland African nation passing through a period of instability following a coup attempt in October 1993. Facilities for tourism, particularly in the interior, are limited. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Only those travelers resident in countries where there is no Burundian Embassy are eligible for entry stamps, without a visa, at the airport upon arrival. These entry stamps are not a substitute for a visa which must subsequently be obtained from the Immigration Service within 24 hours of arrival. Visas cost from $30 to $60, depending on anticipated length of stay. Travelers who have failed to obtain a visa will not be permitted to leave the country. Multiple entry visas valid for three months are available in Burundian Embassies abroad for $11. Evidence of yellow fever immunization must be presented. Also, visitors are required to show proof of vaccination against meningococcal meningitis. Additional information may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Burundi, Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 342-2574; or the Permanent Mission of Burundi to the United Nations in New York, telephone (212) 687-1180. Areas of Instability: In light of the October 1993 coup attempt and subsequent ethnic/political tensions, all areas of the country are potentially unstable. Sporadic violence remains a problem, in Bujumbura as well as in the interior where large numbers of displaced persons are encamped or in hiding. Local authorities cannot guarantee safety. The U.S. Embassy has reiterated the importance of using extreme caution, and respecting any curfews in effect, with no travel to the troubled neighborhoods of the capital. Burundi periodically has closed its land borders without notice and suspended air travel and telephone service in response to political disturbances. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited in Burundi. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including medical evacuation coverage, has proved to be useful. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that travelers to Burundi receive the meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine before traveling to the area. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Street crime in Burundi poses a high risk for visitors. Crime involves muggings, purse-snatching, pickpocketing, burglary, and auto break-ins. Criminals operate individually or in small groups. There have been reports of muggings of persons jogging or walking alone in all sections of Bujumbura, and especially on public roads bordering Lake Tanganyika. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. In-Country Travel: Given the fragile security situation, travelers should check with the U.S. Embassy in Bujumbura before traveling out of the capital. Burundi has a good network of roads between the major towns and border posts. Travel on other roads is difficult, particularly in the rainy season. Public transportation to border points is often difficult and frequently unavailable. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security in Burundi. The U.S. Embassy is located on the Avenue des Etats-Unis in the capital city of Bujumbura. The mailing address is B.P. 34, 1720 Bujumbura. The telephone number is (257) 223-454. No. 95-124 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 12, 1995, to reflect the designation of Bujumbura as an unaccompanied post for U.S. government employees. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights BURUNDI language ""2"2"2"2 "2"2"2"2"2 "2"2"2"2"2 "2"2"2"2"2 pO?"?%?% pO?%?%? ;;"JBB2 ?"%?? 00J;J;O pO%%?%# ?"?%% ""22B; pO%?%% ";BB22O" pOHc$$9$ pO49gD;4 gOJg$9H O;;O;;BJ2; ;BJ;" `55J"R pO4;4O=B 2JJ;O;0 JJBB;O; ;;J;; 2""OBB pO??Q??Q ??Q??Q? 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G0,! usc=! ulsQ, Cambodia Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights CAMBODIA x8dot3 French language 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia Geography Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and Vietnam Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 181,040 sq km land area: 176,520 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma Land boundaries: total 2,572 km, Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km Coastline: 443 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north Natural resources: timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential Land use: arable land: 16% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 76% other: 4% Irrigated land: 920 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand are resulting in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); deforestation; soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water natural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia Geography international agreements: party to - Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping Note: a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia People Population: 10,561,373 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 46% (female 2,367,414; male 2,438,104) 15-64 years: 51% (female 2,932,788; male 2,494,203) 65 years and over: 3% (female 185,337; male 143,527) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.83% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 44.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 16.16 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 109.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 49.46 years male: 48 years female: 51 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.81 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian Ethnic divisions: Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% Religions: Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5% Languages: Khmer (official), French Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 35% male: 48% female: 22% Labor force: 2.5 million to 3 million by occupation: agriculture 80% (1988 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Reacheanachak Kampuchea local short form: Kampuchea Digraph: CB Type: multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993 Capital: Phnom Penh Administrative divisions: 21 provinces (khet, singular and plural); Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Sihanoukville, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev note: Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey may have been divided into two provinces named Siemreab and Otdar Meanchey Independence: 9 November 1949 (from France) National holiday: Independence Day, 9 November 1949 Constitution: promulgated September 1993 Legal system: currently being defined Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993) head of government: power shared between First Prime Minister Prince Norodom RANARIDDH and Second Prime Minister HUN SEN cabinet: Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly Legislative branch: unicameral; a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional representation within each province was established following the UN-supervised election in May 1993; the constituent assembly was transformed into a legislature in September 1993 after delegates promulgated the constitution Judicial branch: Supreme Court provided for by the constitution has not yet been established and the future judicial system is yet to be defined by law Political parties and leaders: National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC), Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP), CHEA SIM; Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party, SON SANN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge), KHIEU SAMPHAN; Molinaka, PROM NEAKAREACH THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia Government Member of: ACCT, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: Ambassador SISOWATH SIRIRATH represents Cambodia at the United Nations US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Charles H. TWINING embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 26436, 26438 FAX: [855] (23) 26437 Flag: horizontal band of red separates two equal horizontal bands of blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia Economy Overview: The Cambodian economy - virtually destroyed by decades of war - is slowly recovering. Government leaders are moving toward restoring fiscal and monetary discipline and have established good working relations with international financial institutions. Growth, starting from a low base, has been strong in 1991-94. Despite such positive developments, the reconstruction effort faces many tough challenges because of the persistence of internal political divisions and the related lack of confidence of foreign investors. Rural Cambodia, where 90% of about 9.5 million Khmer live, remains mired in poverty. The almost total lack of basic infrastructure in the countryside will hinder development and will contribute to a growing imbalance in growth between urban and rural areas over the near term. Moreover, the government's lack of experience in administering economic and technical assistance programs and rampant corruption among officials will slow the growth of critical public sector investment. Inflation for 1994 as a whole was less than a quarter of the 1992 rate and was declining during the year. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $630 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 26%-30% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $190 million expenditures: $365 million, including capital expenditures of $120 million (1994 est.) Exports: $283.6 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: timber, rubber, soybeans, sesame partners: Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia Imports: $479.3 million (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: cigarettes, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery partners: Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia External debt: $383 million to OECD members (1993) Industrial production: growth rate 7.9% (1993 est.); accounts for 8% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 40,000 kW production: 160 million kWh consumption per capita: 14 kWh (1993) Industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia Economy Agriculture: mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice, rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour Illicit drugs: increasingly used as a transshipment country for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing money-laundering center; high-level narcotics-related corruption in government; possible small-scale heroin production; large producer of cannibis Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8 billion; donor countries and multilateral institutions pledged $880 million in assistance in 1992; IMF pledged $120 million in aid for 1995-98 Currency: 1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen Exchange rates: riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,470 (December 1993), 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia Transportation Railroads: total: 655 km narrow gauge: 655 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 34,100 km (some roads in serious disrepair) paved: bituminous 3,000 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth 3,100 km; unimproved earth 28,000 km Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters Ports: Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 22 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 10 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public local: NA intercity: NA international: international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cambodia Defense Forces Branches: Khmer Royal Armed Forces (KRAF): created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two non-Communist resistance armies; note - the KRAF is also known as the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) Resistance forces: National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,255,050; males fit for military service 1,256,632; males reach military age (18) annually 70,707 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $85 million, 1.4% of GDP (1995 est.) 9CAMBODIA (formerly Kampuchea) - Passport and visa required. Airport visa valid for a 1 month stay is available upon arrival in Cambodia from the Ministry of National Security; requires $20 fee. Visas can also be obtained from a Cambodian embassy or consulate in a country which maintains diplomatic relations with Cambodia. There is no Cambodian Embassy in the U.S. at this time. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cambodia ============================================================ Cambodia - Consular Information Sheet October 19, 1995 Country Description: In September 1993, a democratically elected government took office in Cambodia, following a two-year United Nations peacekeeping program. The country has enormous economic needs and faces an increasingly weakened but still active Khmer Rouge insurgency in several provinces. High levels of crime and banditry remain a persistent problem in Cambodia. Entry Requirements: Travelers may wish to contact the Royal Embassy of Cambodia, 4500 16th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20022, tel. (202) 726-7742, fax (202) 726-8381 for information about entry requirements. Areas of Instability: Limited military conflict, which frequently intensifies during the dry season (November through May) is possible in a number of areas, including along the border with Thailand, and especially in Battambang Province. During periods of increased military conflict, the U.S. Embassy discourages its personnel from traveling to Battambang Province, except for essential travel. The U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh may be able to provide Americans traveling outside the capital with more detailed information on areas of conflict and especially encourages persons wishing to travel to the Battambang area to check with the Embassy first. Khmer Rouge Radio commentaries have threatened physical harm to American and other foreign nationals. Some Westerners, including one American citizen, have been taken hostage and several non-Americans have been killed. The safety of road travel outside urban areas varies greatly from region to region. Potential risks can be reduced if such travel is undertaken in vehicle convoy during daylight hours. Train travel is not considered safe, and the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh has advised Embassy personnel not to travel via train. Inter-city travel by water can be unsafe. Risks can be reduced by traveling on fast boats only. (The U.S. Embassy discourages its personnel from travel by boat on the Tonle Sap to Siem Reap.) Crime and banditry is a persistent problem in some areas. The town of Siem Reap and the ruins of Angkor Wat remain open to tourists, but one American was killed and another wounded by bandits on January 15, 1995 in the vicinity of Banteay Srei Temple, approximately 30 kilometers northeast of Siem Reap and Angkor Wat. The area surrounding Banteay Srei Temple continues to be unsettled and dangerous. Since January 16, 1995, the Cambodian government has prohibited travel to that temple. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are not widely available and do not meet U.S. standards of hygiene and care. Doctors and hospitals expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven helpful in some instances. Questions on health matters can be directed to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Although major crime has not been a problem for most U.S. travelers, the potential for crime, especially in remote or rural areas, remains. The U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh advises its personnel to avoid traveling alone and in remote areas of the city, especially after dark. Some organizations in Phnom Penh encourage their staffs to observe a self-imposed curfew. The U.S. Embassy advises its personnel to carry photocopies and not their U.S. passport, driver's license or other important documents while sightseeing as these may be confiscated. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "a Safe Trip Abroad". It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Lifting of Sanction: Sanction against Cambodia was lifted on January 3, 1992, in conjunction with the implementation of the Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia conflict. This removes all mandatory restrictions on exports, imports, financial transactions, telecommunications, and travel. The lifting of the embargo permits U.S. travel agents to book travel to Cambodia. Exporters are still required to apply to the Department of Commerce for authorization to export certain high technology products which can be diverted for military use. Financial Transactions: Personal checks and credit cards are not widely accepted within Cambodia. Adoptions: The former government of Cambodia banned adoption of Cambodian orphans by foreign citizens. The Royal Cambodian government has confirmed this policy. Dual Nationality: The Royal Cambodian government has not yet adopted laws on dual nationality. In practical terms, the United States Embassy is aware of no naturalized Americans of Cambodian birth who have encountered problems relating to taxes, military service, etc. Specific questions on dual nationality can be directed to a Cambodian embassy or consulate, to the Office of Overseas Citizens Services, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520-4818, or to the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh. Registration: Americans can register at the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh and obtain updated information on travel and security within Cambodia. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 27, Street Angphanouvong Street 240, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The telephone number is (855) 23-26436 or 23-26438. The consular entrance to the U.S. Embassy is located at 16, ST 228 (between Street 51 and Street No. 95-132 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued May 15, 1995, to provide the address and phone number of the Royal Embassy of Cambodia and information on financial transactions. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cambodia ============================================================ Cambodia - Consular Information Sheet October 19, 1995 Country Description: In September 1993, a democratically elected government took office in Cambodia, following a two-year United Nations peacekeeping program. The country has enormous economic needs and faces an increasingly weakened but still active Khmer Rouge insurgency in several provinces. High levels of crime and banditry remain a persistent problem in Cambodia. Entry Requirements: Travelers may wish to contact the Royal Embassy of Cambodia, 4500 16th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20022, tel. (202) 726-7742, fax (202) 726-8381 for information about entry requirements. Areas of Instability: Limited military conflict, which frequently intensifies during the dry season (November through May) is possible in a number of areas, including along the border with Thailand, and especially in Battambang Province. During periods of increased military conflict, the U.S. Embassy discourages its personnel from traveling to Battambang Province, except for essential travel. The U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh may be able to provide Americans traveling outside the capital with more detailed information on areas of conflict and especially encourages persons wishing to travel to the Battambang area to check with the Embassy first. Khmer Rouge Radio commentaries have threatened physical harm to American and other foreign nationals. Some Westerners, including one American citizen, have been taken hostage and several non-Americans have been killed. The safety of road travel outside urban areas varies greatly from region to region. Potential risks can be reduced if such travel is undertaken in vehicle convoy during daylight hours. Train travel is not considered safe, and the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh has advised Embassy personnel not to travel via train. Inter-city travel by water can be unsafe. Risks can be reduced by traveling on fast boats only. (The U.S. Embassy discourages its personnel from travel by boat on the Tonle Sap to Siem Reap.) Crime and banditry is a persistent problem in some areas. The town of Siem Reap and the ruins of Angkor Wat remain open to tourists, but one American was killed and another wounded by bandits on January 15, 1995 in the vicinity of Banteay Srei Temple, approximately 30 kilometers northeast of Siem Reap and Angkor Wat. The area surrounding Banteay Srei Temple continues to be unsettled and dangerous. Since January 16, 1995, the Cambodian government has prohibited travel to that temple. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are not widely available and do not meet U.S. standards of hygiene and care. Doctors and hospitals expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven helpful in some instances. Questions on health matters can be directed to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Although major crime has not been a problem for most U.S. travelers, the potential for crime, especially in remote or rural areas, remains. The U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh advises its personnel to avoid traveling alone and in remote areas of the city, especially after dark. Some organizations in Phnom Penh encourage their staffs to observe a self-imposed curfew. The U.S. Embassy advises its personnel to carry photocopies and not their U.S. passport, driver's license or other important documents while sightseeing as these may be confiscated. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "a Safe Trip Abroad". It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Lifting of Sanction: Sanction against Cambodia was lifted on January 3, 1992, in conjunction with the implementation of the Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia conflict. This removes all mandatory restrictions on exports, imports, financial transactions, telecommunications, and travel. The lifting of the embargo permits U.S. travel agents to book travel to Cambodia. Exporters are still required to apply to the Department of Commerce for authorization to export certain high technology products which can be diverted for military use. Financial Transactions: Personal checks and credit cards are not widely accepted within Cambodia. Adoptions: The former government of Cambodia banned adoption of Cambodian orphans by foreign citizens. The Royal Cambodian government has confirmed this policy. Dual Nationality: The Royal Cambodian government has not yet adopted laws on dual nationality. In practical terms, the United States Embassy is aware of no naturalized Americans of Cambodian birth who have encountered problems relating to taxes, military service, etc. Specific questions on dual nationality can be directed to a Cambodian embassy or consulate, to the Office of Overseas Citizens Services, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520-4818, or to the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh. Registration: Americans can register at the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh and obtain updated information on travel and security within Cambodia. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 27, Street Angphanouvong Street 240, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The telephone number is (855) 23-26436 or 23-26438. The consular entrance to the U.S. Embassy is located at 16, ST 228 (between Street 51 and Street No. 95-132 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued May 15, 1995, to provide the address and phone number of the Royal Embassy of Cambodia and information on financial transactions. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 ";1g` "B5`t ##5 5 5 5 5## 005,1 %%2#% ,,%,[,,J%[ [%[,[%[[ pO?"%?%% ,%[2#, pO?%?#?? ##%??%% pO?#"?## pO#?"##? #%%?%#? pO?%?% %%?"?" 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ZZyR6 / .ON Wl eBAA? :n6m5n& Cameroon Map Button Image D2D2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cameroon Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria Map references: Africa Area: total area: 475,440 sq km land area: 469,440 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than California Land boundaries: total 4,591 km, Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km Coastline: 402 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 50 nm International disputes: demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Nigeria over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the International Court of Justice Climate: varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north Terrain: diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north Natural resources: petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower potential Land use: arable land: 13% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 18% forest and woodland: 54% other: 13% Irrigated land: 280 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing natural hazards: recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 94 Note: sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cameroon People Population: 13.521 million (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 2,978,216; male 3,001,487) 15-64 years: 52% (female 3,562,247; male 3,523,100) 65 years and over: 4% (female 248,314; male 207,636) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.92% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 40.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 11.19 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 75.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 57.48 years male: 55.41 years female: 59.6 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.8 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian Ethnic divisions: Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1% Religions: indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 33%, Muslim 16% Languages: 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1987) total population: 55% male: 66% female: 45% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture 74.4%, industry and transport 11.4%, other services 14.2% (1983) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cameroon Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon conventional short form: Cameroon former: French Cameroon Digraph: CM Type: unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized 1990) Capital: Yaounde Administrative divisions: 10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest Independence: 1 January 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration) National holiday: National Day, 20 May (1972) Constitution: 20 May 1972 Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982); election last held 11 October 1992; results - President Paul BIYA reelected with about 40% of the vote amid widespread allegations of fraud; SDF candidate John FRU NDI got 36% of the vote; UNDP candidate Bello Bouba MAIGARI got 19% of the vote head of government: Prime Minister Simon ACHIDI ACHU (since 9 April 1992) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 1 March 1992 (next scheduled for March 1997); results - (180 seats) CPDM 88, UNDP 68, UPC 18, MDR 6 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM), Paul BIYA, president, is government-controlled and was formerly the only party, but opposition parties were legalized in 1990 major opposition parties: National Union for Democracy and Progress (UNDP); Social Democratic Front (SDF); Cameroonian Democratic Union (UDC); Union of Cameroonian Populations (UPC); Movement for the Defense of the Republic (MDR) Other political or pressure groups: Alliance for Change (FAC), Cameroon Anglophone Movement (CAM) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cameroon Government Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 through 8794 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Harriet W. ISOM embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde mailing address: B. P. 817, Yaounde telephone: [237] 23-40-14 FAX: [237] 23-07-53 consulate(s): none (Douala closed September 1993) Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cameroon Economy Overview: Because of its offshore oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed, most diversified primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as political instability, a top-heavy civil service, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. The development of the oil sector led rapid economic growth between 1970 and 1985. Growth came to an abrupt halt in 1986, precipitated by steep declines in the prices of major exports: coffee, cocoa, and petroleum. Export earnings were cut by almost one-third, and inefficiencies in fiscal management were exposed. In 1990-93, with support from the IMF and World Bank, the government began to introduce reforms designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, and recapitalize the nation's banks. Political instability, following suspect elections in 1992, brought IMF/WB structural adjustment to a halt. Although the 50% devaluation of the currency in January 1994 improved the potential for export growth, mismanagement remains and is the main barrier to economic improvement. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $15.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -2.9% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,200 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.8% (FY91/92) Unemployment rate: 25% (1990 est.) Budget: revenues: $1.6 billion expenditures: $2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $226 million (FY92/93 est.) Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton partners: EC (particularly France) about 40%, African countries, US Imports: $1.96 billion (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: machines and electrical equipment, food, consumer goods, transport equipment partners: EC about 60% (France 38%, Germany 9%), African countries, Japan, US 5% External debt: $6 billion (1991) Industrial production: growth rate -2.1% (FY90/91); accounts for about 20% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 630,000 kW production: 2.7 billion kWh consumption per capita: 196 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cameroon Economy Agriculture: the agriculture and forestry sectors provide employment for the majority of the population, contributing about 25% to GDP and providing a high degree of self-sufficiency in staple foods; commercial and food crops include coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, livestock, root starches Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $479 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $4.75 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $29 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $125 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cameroon Transportation Railroads: total: 1,111 km narrow gauge: 1,111 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 65,000 km paved: 2,682 km unpaved: gravel, improved earth 32,318 km; unimproved earth 30,000 km Inland waterways: 2,090 km; of decreasing importance Ports: Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko Merchant marine: total: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,122 GRT/33,509 DWT Airports: 60 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 20 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 9 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 21 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cameroon Communications Telephone system: 26,000 telephones; telephone density - 2 telephones/1,000 persons; available only to business and government local: NA intercity: cable, microwave radio relay, and troposcatter international: 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 11, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cameroon Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,038,007; males fit for military service 1,532,303; males reach military age (18) annually 147,293 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $102 million, NA% of GDP (1994) +CAMEROON - Passport and visa required. Obtain visa before arrival to avoid difficulty at airport. Multiple-entry tourist visa for stay up to 90 days, requires $65.22 fee, 2 application forms, 2 photos, yellow fever and cholera immunizations, proof of onward/return transportation and bank statement. If invited by family or friends, visa available for up to 3 months, may be extended 1 month. Invitation must be signed by authorities in Cameroon. Multiple-entry business visa, valid 12 months, requires company letter to guarantee financial and legal responsibility; include exact dates of travel. Enclose prepaid envelope for return of passport by registered, certified or express mail. For additional information contact Embassy of the Republic of Cameroon, 2349 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/265-8790 to 8794). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cameroon ============================================================ Cameroon - Consular Information Sheet September 6, 1995 Country Description: Cameroon is a developing African country. Facilities for tourism are limited. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Travelers who do not obtain a visa for Cameroon in advance of their departure from the U.S. may encounter difficulties upon arrival. Evidence of a yellow fever immunization must be presented. Additional entry information can be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Cameroon, 2349 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 265-8790/94. Areas of Instability: Continuing political tensions and social consequences of Cameroon's severe economic downturn have sparked isolated incidents of violence in several areas of the country. The potential for disorder exists throughout Cameroon. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited. Cleanliness and sanitation levels in even the best hospitals are low. Not all medicines are available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance does not always provide coverage outside of the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside of the United States. Travelers have found supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage to be useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Armed banditry is an increasing problem throughout the country, including tourist areas in Cameroon's far north province and all major cities. Persons traveling at night on rural highways in the far north province are at extreme risk and should exercise caution when traveling outside the major towns even in daylight hours. The continued armed banditry in the extreme north province in the region between Waza Park and Kousseri have prompted the U.S. Embassy in Yaounde to restrict all travel of Embassy personnel north of Waza Park. Travel between Nsimalen Airport and downtown Yaounde is dangerous at night. A new shuttle service provided by the Cameroonian Airport Authority may reduce nighttime security incidents and traffic accidents on the road between the airport and the capital city. To curb banditry, security personnel at random security checkpoints may request persons to show their passports, residence cards, driver's license and/or vehicle registrations. There is an increasing circulation of counterfeit U.S. and Cameroonian currency in the country. Business travelers have experienced increased credit risk in Cameroon's banking sector. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Photography Restrictions: While photography is not officially forbidden, security officials are sensitive about the photographing of government buildings and military installations, many of which are unmarked. Photography of these subjects may result in seizure of photographic equipment by Cameroon authorities. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens may register with the U.S. Embassy in Yaounde. The Embassy can also provide updated information on travel and security in Cameroon. The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of Yaounde on Rue Nachtigal; the mailing address is B.P. 817, Yaounde, Cameroon. The telephone number is (237) 234-014; the Embassy fax number is (237) 230-753. No. 95-106 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 17, 1995, to update the information on medical facilities and crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cameroon ============================================================ Cameroon - Consular Information Sheet September 6, 1995 Country Description: Cameroon is a developing African country. Facilities for tourism are limited. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Travelers who do not obtain a visa for Cameroon in advance of their departure from the U.S. may encounter difficulties upon arrival. Evidence of a yellow fever immunization must be presented. Additional entry information can be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Cameroon, 2349 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 265-8790/94. Areas of Instability: Continuing political tensions and social consequences of Cameroon's severe economic downturn have sparked isolated incidents of violence in several areas of the country. The potential for disorder exists throughout Cameroon. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited. Cleanliness and sanitation levels in even the best hospitals are low. Not all medicines are available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance does not always provide coverage outside of the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside of the United States. Travelers have found supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage to be useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Armed banditry is an increasing problem throughout the country, including tourist areas in Cameroon's far north province and all major cities. Persons traveling at night on rural highways in the far north province are at extreme risk and should exercise caution when traveling outside the major towns even in daylight hours. The continued armed banditry in the extreme north province in the region between Waza Park and Kousseri have prompted the U.S. Embassy in Yaounde to restrict all travel of Embassy personnel north of Waza Park. Travel between Nsimalen Airport and downtown Yaounde is dangerous at night. A new shuttle service provided by the Cameroonian Airport Authority may reduce nighttime security incidents and traffic accidents on the road between the airport and the capital city. To curb banditry, security personnel at random security checkpoints may request persons to show their passports, residence cards, driver's license and/or vehicle registrations. There is an increasing circulation of counterfeit U.S. and Cameroonian currency in the country. Business travelers have experienced increased credit risk in Cameroon's banking sector. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Photography Restrictions: While photography is not officially forbidden, security officials are sensitive about the photographing of government buildings and military installations, many of which are unmarked. Photography of these subjects may result in seizure of photographic equipment by Cameroon authorities. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens may register with the U.S. Embassy in Yaounde. The Embassy can also provide updated information on travel and security in Cameroon. The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of Yaounde on Rue Nachtigal; the mailing address is B.P. 817, Yaounde, Cameroon. The telephone number is (237) 234-014; the Embassy fax number is (237) 230-753. No. 95-106 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 17, 1995, to update the information on medical facilities and crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights CAMEROON dmpm{G language 3J,51 ,%,[,,[[%% [%,%, %%[%[% %#,%[[% 2[%,[% %,"%," [""[%%[J, 2["J[[%,, 1OO+50 %%[%,[[ %[[%[ %,,%, 2,%%"%2%"2 `1!1` 1!``! !`!!`! %%J"O [,[[,% %,%,[[, ,[,[[ %%,%"? 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Environment: current issues: air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities natural hazards: continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow THE WORLD FACTBOOK Canada Geography international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea Note: second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; nearly 90% of the population is concentrated in the region near the US/Canada border THE WORLD FACTBOOK Canada People Population: 28,434,545 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 21% (female 2,874,705; male 3,016,050) 15-64 years: 67% (female 9,529,272; male 9,531,107) 65 years and over: 12% (female 2,022,324; male 1,461,087) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.09% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 13.74 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.43 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 4.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.29 years male: 74.93 years female: 81.81 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.83 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Canadian(s) adjective: Canadian Ethnic divisions: British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, other European 20%, indigenous Indian and Eskimo 1.5% Religions: Roman Catholic 46%, United Church 16%, Anglican 10%, other 28% Languages: English (official), French (official) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1986) total population: 97% Labor force: 13.38 million by occupation: services 75%, manufacturing 14%, agriculture 4%, construction 3%, other 4% (1988) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Canada Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Canada Digraph: CA Type: confederation with parliamentary democracy Capital: Ottawa Administrative divisions: 10 provinces and 2 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory* Independence: 1 July 1867 (from UK) National holiday: Canada Day, 1 July (1867) Constitution: amended British North America Act 1867 patriated to Canada 17 April 1982; charter of rights and unwritten customs Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995) head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) was elected on 25 October 1993, replacing Kim CAMBELL; Deputy Prime Minister Sheila COPPS cabinet: Federal Ministry; chosen by the prime minister from members of his own party sitting in Parliament Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlement) Senate (Senat): consisting of a body whose members are appointed to serve until 75 years of age by the governor general and selected on the advice of the prime minister; its normal limit 104 senators House of Commons (Chambre des Communes): elections last held 25 October 1993 (next to be held by NA October 1998); results - percent of votes by party NA; seats - (295 total) Liberal Party 178, Bloc Quebecois 54, Reform Party 52, New Democratic Party 8, Progressive Conservative Party 2, independents 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party, Jean CHRETIEN; Bloc Quebecois, Lucien BOUCHARD; Reform Party, Preston MANNING; New Democratic Party, Audrey McLAUGHLIN; Progressive Conservative Party, Jean CHAREST THE WORLD FACTBOOK Canada Government Member of: ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional), EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Raymond A.J. CHRETIEN chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001 telephone: [1] (202) 682-1740 FAX: [1] (202) 682-7726 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and Seattle consulate(s): Cincinnati, Cleveland, Miami, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Princeton, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, and San Juan (Puerto Rico) US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador James Johnston BLANCHARD embassy: 100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa mailing address: P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430 telephone: [1] (613) 238-5335, 4470 FAX: [1] (613) 238-5720 consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver Flag: three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Canada Economy Overview: As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in per capita output, market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production. Since World War II the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. In the 1980s, Canada registered one of the highest rates of real growth among the OECD nations, averaging about 3.2%. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada has excellent economic prospects, although the country still faces high unemployment and a growing debt. Moreover, the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas has observers discussing a possible split in the confederation; foreign investors have become edgy. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $639.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.5% (1994) National product per capita: $22,760 (1994) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.2% (1994) Unemployment rate: 9.6% (December 1994) Budget: revenues: $85 billion (Federal) expenditures: $115.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93/94 est.) Exports: $164.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, aluminum, motor vehicles and parts; telecommunications equipment partners: US, Japan, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China Imports: $151.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: crude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods, electronic computers; telecommunications equipment and parts partners: US, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea External debt: $243 billion (1993) Industrial production: growth rate 4.8% (1993) Electricity: capacity: 108,090,000 kW production: 511 billion kWh consumption per capita: 16,133 kWh (1993) Industries: processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas THE WORLD FACTBOOK Canada Economy Agriculture: accounts for about 3% of GDP; one of the world's major producers and exporters of grain (wheat and barley); key source of US agricultural imports; large forest resources cover 35% of total land area; commercial fisheries provide annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons, of which 75% is exported Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; growing role as a transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $7.2 billion Currency: 1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.4129 (January 1995), 1.3656 (1994), 1.2901 (1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991), 1.1668 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Canada Transportation Railroads: total: 78,148 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (government owned) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by VIA (government operated) standard gauge: 78,148 km 1.435-m gauge (185 km electrified) (1994) Highways: total: 849,404 km paved: 253,692 km (15,983 km of expressways) unpaved: gravel 595,712 km (1991) Inland waterways: 3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway Pipelines: crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km Ports: Becancour, Churchill, Halifax, Montreal, New Westminister, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), Saint John's (Newfoundland), Seven Islands, Sydney, Three Rivers, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor Merchant marine: total: 71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 617,010 GRT/878,819 DWT ships by type: bulk 17, cargo 10, chemical tanker 5, oil tanker 23, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2 note: does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes Airports: total: 1,386 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 17 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 147 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 234 with paved runways under 914 m: 550 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 69 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 353 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Canada Communications Telephone system: 18,000,000 telephones; excellent service provided by modern media local: NA intercity: about 300 earth stations for domestic satellite communications international: 5 coaxial submarine cables; 5 INTELSAT earth stations (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) Radio: broadcast stations: AM 900, FM 29, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 53 (repeaters 1,400) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Canada Defense Forces Branches: Canadian Armed Forces (includes Land Forces Command or LC, Maritime Command or MC, Air Command or AC, Communications Command or CC, Training Command or TC), Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 7,570,877; males fit for military service 6,522,092; males reach military age (17) annually 151,590 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $9.0 billion, 1.6% of GDP (FY95/96) CANADA - Proof of U.S. citizenship and photo ID required. Visa not required for U.S. tourists entering from the U.S. for a stay up to 180 days. However, anyone with a criminal record (including a DWI charge) should contact the Canadian Embassy or nearest consulate before travel. U.S. citizens entering Canada from a third country must have a valid passport. For student or business travel, check with the Canadian Embassy, 501 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001 (202/682-1740) or nearest Consulate General: CA (213/687-7432 and 415/495-6021), GA (404/577-6810), IL (312/427-1031), MA (617/262-3760), MI (313/567-2340), MN (612/333-4641), NY (212/768-2400 or 716/852-1247), OH (216/771-0150), TX (214/922-9806) or WA (206/443-1777). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Canada ============================================================ Canada - Consular Information Sheet May 11, 1995 Country Description: Canada is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available; in northern and wilderness areas, tourist facilities are less developed and can be vast distances apart. Entry Requirements: Proof of U.S. citizenship and photo identification are required for travel to Canada. Visas are not required for U.S. citizen tourists entering from the United States for stays up to 180 days. U.S. citizens entering Canada from a third country must have a valid passport or an official U.S. travel document. For further information, including information on student or business travel, travelers can contact the Embassy of Canada at 501 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20001, (202) 682-1740 or the nearest Canadian consulate in Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, or Seattle. Medical Facilities: Good medical care is widely available. U.S. medical and auto insurance may not be valid in Canada. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental auto or medical insurance with specific Canadian coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline on (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Canada has a higher incidence of criminal activity in urban areas than in the countryside. Violent crimes such as murder, armed robbery, and rape occur infrequently. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to Canadian laws while they are in Canada. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Other Information: (a) Canadians consider driving under the influence of alcohol a serious offense. Penalties are heavy, and any prior conviction (no matter how long ago or how minor the infraction) is grounds for exclusion from Canada. A waiver of exclusion may be obtained from Canadian consulates in the United States, but requires several weeks. (b) Firearms are strictly controlled. In general, handguns are not permitted in Canada. Anyone wishing to take hunting rifles into Canada can contact in advance the nearest Canadian Consulate for detailed information and instructions. In all cases, travelers must declare to Canadian Customs authorities any firearms in their possession when entering Canada. If a traveler is denied permission to take the firearm into Canada, there are in many cases facilities near the border crossing where firearms may be stored pending the traveler's return to the U.S. Canadian law requires that officials confiscate guns from those crossing the border who deny having guns in their possession. Confiscated guns are never returned. (c) It is illegal to take automobile radar detectors into the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba or into the Yukon and Northwest territories. The police will confiscate radar detectors, whether in use or not, and impose fines up to $1000. (d) The prevailing language in Quebec province is French rather than English as in most of Canada. However, even in Quebec, English is spoken at most hotels and many tourist facilities. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section at the U.S. Embassy or at a U.S. consulate may obtain updated information on travel and security within Canada. Embassy and Consulate Locations: The U.S. Embassy in Canada is located at 100 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario, telephone (613) 238-5335. There are also Consulates in Calgary, Alberta, at 615 Macleod Trail SE, (403) 266-8962; in Halifax, Nova Scotia, at Suite 910, Cogswell Tower, Scotia Square, (902) 429-2480; in Montreal, Quebec, at 1155 St. Alexander Street, (514) 398-9695; in Quebec City, Quebec, at 2 Place Terrasse Dufferin, (418) 692-2095; in Toronto, Ontario, at 360 University Avenue, (416) 595-1700, and in Vancouver, British Columbia, at 1095 West Pender Street, (604) 685-4311. No. 95-065 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 19, 1994, with no change following a periodic review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 photo_3 photo_5 photo_4 movie_1 "&,(W J2;J20BO"0 JOBJO 0J"0; J;OBB2J2 2O;BO ;`1;0` "2B;22 "O"2"22 0J"0; J;JOJB2BJ 1``1`` 11``11 +656O ,2%2%2%2"% %,"[[% #[%[%[ *,#[[#,[% %,[[2[# %,[[#%"5 O2JS1&2" #2"2[ 2OOBO2JJ" F66pO ;;OO0B 2B2;"O2 `1``1`11 %>%?% 5%X%% `B"O,5 ,+O%%B `1p11` ,XO>, ?,%,X,B+ ,,"JO2 %2J>%B%X5% >%2,%,2, "B&22> %B5>? 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THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde Geography Location: Western Africa, group of Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal Map references: World Area: total area: 4,030 sq km land area: 4,030 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Rhode Island Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 965 km Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: temperate; warm, dry, summer; precipitation very erratic Terrain: steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic Natural resources: salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone, kaolin, fish Land use: arable land: 9% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 0% other: 85% Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several indigenous species of birds and reptiles; overfishing natural hazards: prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active international agreements: party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde Geography Note: strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde People Population: 435,983 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 50% (female 106,539; male 110,301) 15-64 years: 47% (female 114,931; male 88,029) 65 years and over: 3% (female 9,781; male 6,402) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.98% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 45.32 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.65 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -6.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 55.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.01 years male: 61.1 years female: 65.01 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.23 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean Ethnic divisions: Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1% Religions: Roman Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs Languages: Portuguese, Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 63% male: 75% female: 53% Labor force: 102,000 (1985 est.) by occupation: agriculture (mostly subsistence) 57%, services 29%, industry 14% (1981) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde conventional short form: Cape Verde local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde local short form: Cabo Verde Digraph: CV Type: republic Capital: Praia Administrative divisions: 14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal Independence: 5 July 1975 (from Portugal) National holiday: Independence Day, 5 July (1975) Constitution: new constitution came into force 25 September 1992 Legal system: NA Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Antonio MASCARENHAS Monteiro (since 22 March 1991; election last held 17 February 1991 (next to be held February 1996); results - Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (independent) received 72.6% of vote head of government: Prime Minister Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho VEIGA (since 13 January 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by prime minister from members of the Assembly Legislative branch: unicameral People's National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular): elections last held 13 January 1991 (next to be held January 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (79 total) MPD 56, PAICV 23; note - the 1991 multiparty Assembly election ended 15 years of single-party rule Judicial branch: Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justia) Political parties and leaders: Movement for Democracy (MPD), Prime Minister Carlos VEIGA, founder and chairman; African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), Pedro Verona Rodrigues PIRES, chairman Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN (Cape Verde assumed a nonpermanent seat on the Security Council on 1 January 1992), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde Government Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jose Eduardo BARBOSA (since 12 February 1994) chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820 FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207 consulate(s) general: Boston US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph M. SEGARS embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia telephone: [238] 61 56 16 FAX: [238] 61 13 55 Flag: three horozontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horozontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde Economy Overview: Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought, and a high birthrate. The economy is service oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for 60% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, agriculture's share of GDP is only 20%; the fishing sector accounts for 4%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by remittances from emigrants and foreign aid, which form important supplements to GDP. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 1995 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $410 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1992 est.) National product per capita: $1,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1992) Unemployment rate: 26% (1990 est.) Budget: revenues: $174 million expenditures: $235 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million (1993 est.) Exports: $4.4 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.) commodities: fish, bananas, hides and skins partners: Netherlands, Portugal, Angola Imports: $173 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: foodstuffs, consumer goods, industrial products, transport equipment partners: Portugal, Netherlands, Germany, Spain External debt: $156 million (1991) Industrial production: growth rate 3.6% (1990 est.); accounts for 8% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 15,000 kW production: 40 million kWh consumption per capita: 73 kWh (1993) Industries: fish processing, salt mining, garment industry, ship repair, construction materials, food and beverage production THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde Economy Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP (including fishing); largely subsistence farming; bananas are the only export crop; other crops - corn, beans, sweet potatoes, coffee; growth potential of agricultural sector limited by poor soils and scanty rainfall; annual food imports required; fish catch provides for both domestic consumption and small exports Illicit drugs: increasingly used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY75-90), $93 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $586 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $12 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $36 million Currency: 1 Cape Verdean escudo (CVEsc) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: Cape Verdean escudos (CVEsc) per US$1 - 85.537 (1st Quarter 1994), 80.427 (1993), 68.018 (1992), 71.408 (1991), 70.031 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 1,100 km (1992) paved: 680 km unpaved: 420 km Ports: Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal Merchant marine: total: 7 (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,609 GRT/19,052 DWT cargo 6, chemical tanker 1 Airports: total: 6 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde Communications Telephone system: over 1,700 telephones; telephine density - about 4 telephones/1,000 persons local: NA intercity: interisland microwave radio relay system, high frequency radio links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cape Verde Defense Forces Branches: People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP; includes Army and Navy), Security Service Manpower availability: males age 15-49 80,867; males fit for military service 47,225 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.4 million, NA% of GDP (1994) CAPE VERDE - Passport and visa required. Single-entry tourist visa (must be used within 120 days of issue), requires $11.31 fee, 1 application form, 1 photo and yellow fever immunization if arriving from infected area. Include SASE for return of passport by mail. For further information contact the Embassy of the Republic of Cape Verde, 3415 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/965-6820) or Consulate General, 535 Boylston St., Boston, MA 02116 (617/353-0014). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cape Verde ============================================================ Cape Verde - Consular Information Sheet February 17, 1995 Country Description: The Republic of Cape Verde consists of several rugged volcanic islands off the west coast of Africa. Tourist facilities are limited. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Evidence of immunization against yellow fever (if arriving from an infected area), is required. For further information concerning entry requirements for Cape Verde, travelers may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Cape Verde, 3415 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 965-6820, or the Consulate General of Cape Verde in Boston. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Cape Verde are extremely limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Some petty thievery can be expected. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy on Rua Abilio M. Macedo 81, Praia, telephone (238) 61-56-16 or 17, may obtain updated information on travel and security in Cape Verde. The Embassy's mailing address is C.P. 201 and their fax number is (238) 61-13-55. No. 95-028 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated dated October 18, 1993, to update information on medical facilities and the U.S. Embassy's address. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cape Verde ============================================================ Cape Verde - Public Announcement July 24, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release Cape Verde is experiencing an outbreak of cholera which has affected all of its islands with the exception of the island of Sal, where the international airport and major tourist hotels are located. In an effort to combat the outbreak, Cape Verde authorities have taken several measures including expansion of its public information campaign to encourage better sanitation. While in Cape Verde, travelers should use only bottled water and beverages. Vegetables and shellfish should be well cooked and all foods eaten while still hot. All fruits should be peeled in the presence of the consumer. Additional health information can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. For further information on travel to Cape Verde consult the Department of State's Consular Information Sheet of February 17, 1995 and the Public Announcement of April 21, 1995 on the volcanic eruption on the island of Fogo. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cape Verde ============================================================ Cape Verde - Consular Information Sheet February 17, 1995 Country Description: The Republic of Cape Verde consists of several rugged volcanic islands off the west coast of Africa. Tourist facilities are limited. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Evidence of immunization against yellow fever (if arriving from an infected area), is required. For further information concerning entry requirements for Cape Verde, travelers may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Cape Verde, 3415 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 965-6820, or the Consulate General of Cape Verde in Boston. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Cape Verde are extremely limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Some petty thievery can be expected. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy on Rua Abilio M. Macedo 81, Praia, telephone (238) 61-56-16 or 17, may obtain updated information on travel and security in Cape Verde. The Embassy's mailing address is C.P. 201 and their fax number is (238) 61-13-55. No. 95-028 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated dated October 18, 1993, to update information on medical facilities and the U.S. Embassy's address. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 photo_3 lygon ... #;00# ?%#?%%? ? BO22O22 %%?Q% #?%?2X?? ;O;O; ?%??## %#%?%%? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; :KppT pEE\\EE\E\ EE\EE\EPE\ PEPEEPP E\\pT pE\\TV EPPEE\E E\E\\E\EPE E\\E\ \E\EE E\E\E\EET OOJ;; sxch'ss Map Button Image 5 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad Geography Location: Central Africa, south of Libya Map references: Africa Area: total area: 1.284 million sq km land area: 1,259,200 sq km comparative area: slightly more than three times the size of California Land boundaries: total 5,968 km, Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad; Libya has withdrawn some of its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but still maintains an airfield in the disputed area; demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria Climate: tropical in south, desert in north Terrain: broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south Natural resources: petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad) Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 36% forest and woodland: 11% other: 51% Irrigated land: 100 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad Geography Note: landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad People Population: 5,586,505 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 1,198,619; male 1,267,470) 15-64 years: 54% (female 1,563,678; male 1,456,481) 65 years and over: 2% (female 71,971; male 28,286) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.18% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 42.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 20.26 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 129.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 41.19 years male: 40.04 years female: 42.38 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.33 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian Ethnic divisions: north and center: Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba) south: non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa) nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs, animism 25% Languages: French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken Literacy: age 15 and over has the ability to read and write in French and Arabic (1990 est.) total population: 30% male: 42% female: 18% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture 85% (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad local short form: Tchad Digraph: CD Type: republic Capital: N'Djamena Administrative divisions: 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile Independence: 11 August 1960 (from France) National holiday: Independence Day 11 August (1960) Constitution: 22 December 1989 (suspended 3 December 1990); Provisional National Charter 1 March 1991 is in effect (note - the constitutional commission, which was drafting a new constitution to submit to transitional parliament for ratification in April 1994, failed to do so but expects to submit a new draft to the parliament before the end of April 1995) Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: universal at age NA Executive branch: chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY, since 4 December 1990 (after seizing power on 3 December 1990 - transitional government's mandate expires April 1996) head of government: Prime Minister Djimasta KOIBLA (since 9 April 1995) cabinet: Council of State; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral National Consultative Council (Conceil National Consultatif): elections, formerly scheduled for April 1995, were postponed by mutual agreement of the parties concerned until some time prior to April 1996; elections last held 8 July 1990; the National Consultative Council was disbanded 3 December 1990 and replaced by the Provisional Council of the Republic having 30 members appointed by President DEBY on 8 March 1991; this, in turn, was replaced by a 57-member Higher Transitional Council (Conseil Superieur de Transition) elected by a specially convened Sovereign National Conference on 6 April 1993 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), former dissident group, Idriss DEBY, chairman THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad Government note: President DEBY, who promised political pluralism, a new constitution, and free elections by April 1994, subsequently twice postponed these initiatives, first until April 1995 and again until sometime before April 1996; there are numerous dissident groups and at least 45 opposition political parties Other political or pressure groups: NA Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamat Saleh AHMAT chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009 FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Laurence E. POPE II embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] (51) 62 18, (51) 40 09, (51) 47 59 FAX: [235] (51) 33 72 Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad Economy Overview: Climate, geographic remoteness, poor resource endowment, and lack of infrastructure make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Its economy is hobbled by political turmoil, conflict with Libya, drought, and food shortages. Consequently the economy has shown little progress in recent years in overcoming a severe setback brought on by civil war in the late 1980s. More than 80% of the work force is involved in subsistence farming and fishing. Cotton is the major cash crop, accounting for at least half of exports. Chad is highly dependent on foreign aid, especially food credits, given chronic shortages in several regions. Of all the Francophone countries in Africa, Chad has benefited the least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies on 12 January 1994. Despite an increase in external financial aid and favorable price increases for cotton - the primary source of foreign exchange - the corrupt and enfeebled government bureaucracy continues to dampen economic enterprise by neglecting payments to domestic suppliers and public sector salaries. Oil production in the Lake Chad area remains a distant prospect and the subsistence-driven economy probably will continue to limp along in the near term. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.8 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $530 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): -4.1% (1992) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $120 million expenditures: $363 million, including capital expenditures of $104 million (1992 est.) Exports: $190 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: cotton 48%, cattle 35%, textiles 5%, fish partners: France, Nigeria, Cameroon Imports: $261 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; note - excludes military equipment partners: US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon External debt: $492 million (December 1990 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 2.7% (1992 est.); accounts for nearly 15% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 40,000 kW production: 80 million kWh consumption per capita: 13 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad Economy Industries: cotton textile mills, slaughterhouses, brewery, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes Agriculture: accounts for about 45% of GDP; largely subsistence farming; cotton most important cash crop; food crops include sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, camels; self-sufficient in food in years of adequate rainfall Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $198 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $28 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $80 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 31,322 km paved: bituminous 263 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 7,069 km; earth 23,990 km Inland waterways: 2,000 km navigable Ports: none Airports: total: 66 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 23 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 17 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 21 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; primitive system local: NA intercity: fair system of radio communication stations for intercity links international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA; note - limited TV service; many facilties are inoperative televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chad Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican Guard, Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,307,210; males fit for military service 679,640; males reach military age (20) annually 54,945 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $74 million, 11.1% of GDP (1994) CHAD - Passport and visa required. Transit visa valid for up to 1 week, requires onward ticket. Single-entry visa valid 2 months for tourist/business stay up to 30 days (extendable), requires $25 fee (no personal checks), yellow fever and cholera vaccinations, 3 application forms and 3 photos. For business visa need company letter stating purpose of trip. Send prepaid envelope for registered/certified return of passport. Apply Embassy of the Republic of Chad, 2002 R St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/462-4009), and check specific requirements. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Chad ============================================================ Chad - Consular Information Sheet February 28, 1995 Country Description: Chad is a developing country in north central Africa which has one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world. It has experienced sporadic armed disturbances over the past several years. Facilities for tourism are limited. Entry Requirements: U.S. citizens visiting Chad must have a passport and a visa before arrival. Evidence of a yellow fever vaccination may also be required. Further entry information, may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Chad, 2002 R Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, telephone (202) 462-4009. Areas of Instability: Political tensions remain high in the capital city of N'djamena and throughout the country, marked by continuing violent incidents involving government forces and armed opposition groups. In N'djamena guards in front of official buildings may overreact (possibly by shooting) to vehicles which stop in front of the buildings. Chad's northern provinces bordering Libya constitute a military zone and remain heavily mined. Travel to this area is extremely dangerous and requires permission from the Chadian government. Travel from Chad to northern Cameroon is hazardous because of a series of daylight road attacks by armed bands. Travelers may wish to contact the regional security officer at the U.S. Embassy in N'djamena prior to crossing the border with Cameroon. Extraordinary security measures are in effect throughout Chad, including roadblocks. Overland travel after dark is especially dangerous. Visitors who do not obtain visas in advance, or who do not have passports with them at all times, may experience difficulties. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are extremely limited in Chad. Medicines are in short supply or unavailable, including many over-the-counter preparations sold in the United States. Medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including medical air evacuation, has proved to be useful. Often cash payments must be made directly to doctors and hospitals and in advance of treatment. Information on health matters may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Controls international traveler's hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559 Information on Crime: Pickpockets and purse snatchers are endemic in market and commercial areas. Breaking and entering of homes and vehicle thefts increase in times of political instability. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Photo Restrictions: A permit from the Chadian government is required for all photography. Forms may be obtained from the U.S. Embassy in N'djamena. Even with a permit, photographing military establishments and official buildings is strictly prohibited. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens are urged to contact the U.S. Embassy immediately upon arrival and prior to travel in rural areas. Travelers who register at the U.S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security in Chad. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of N'djamena at Avenue Felix Eboue; the mailing address is B.P. 413. Telephone numbers are (235-51) 62-18, 40-09 or 62-11; fax number is (235-51) 33-72. No. 95-034 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for Chad dated December 17, 1993, to revise the paragraphs on Areas of Instability, Medical Facilities and Photo Restrictions. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights 4[*[f language ";B/2 B;"k2 "J;/2 2OJ"2 %,%>%> >>%%>%% %%>%>%>% %>%2%>% >>%%>%% mmcmmcm LcmncL cpmmpjcpL jjcLpc pmcpm +60"* pmmpm jjcLpm cmcpn mccLmcnjc J22OB ,`&J7 2OO;B J`1J8 "2OJJB2" "OJ;OO ,\,2%[" %%[[, 2[[,"#[2"% [%#[[O J\,,[#[[2 %%""2% OJJ;2JJ2O; OJBOB2JB BOOBOB0BJJ JBBJ"" J;J;JJ ;"2;;O" "J""2O ;JJO; JJOJ;;JJ;; J;JJ;J;;J; ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K BOJ;; >>%%>%%>% >>%%>> %%>>%>%>% %%>>%% >%> % %%>>%>% %>%%>>% >>%22%%> %>%%>B >>%%> >%>>2X2 >>%%2X%O >%%>%> %>%>22>22% %>%>%%# %>%%>%% (%>&& O;J;;F &&(,(, BOJ;;P ((.TdOdTd Od\dOd\dOd \dOd\dOd\d Od\dOd\dOd \dOd\dOd\d Od\dOd\dOd \dOd\dOd\d Od\dOd\d=. ,.1,1.,1,. 1,1.,1,.1, 1.,1,.1,1. ,1,.1,1.,1 ,.1,1.,1,. 1,1.,1,.1, 1.,1, z-+4G \dOdOd OdOdOdOdOd OdOdOdOdOd OdOdOdOdOd OdOdOdOdOd OdOdOdOdOd OdOdOdOdOd OdOdOd ,.1.,.1.,. 1.,.1.,.1. ,.1.,.1.,. 1.,.1.,.1. ,.1.,.1.,. 1.,.1.,.1. ,.1., Chile Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights CHILE x8dot3 Spanish (Latin American) language 5;5; THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile Geography Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru Map references: South America Area: total area: 756,950 sq km land area: 748,800 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana note: includes Isla de Pascua (Easter Island) and Isla Sala y Gomez Land boundaries: total 6,171 km, Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km Coastline: 6,435 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims Climate: temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south Terrain: low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east Natural resources: copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum Land use: arable land: 7% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 16% forest and woodland: 21% other: 56% Irrigated land: 12,650 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification natural hazards: severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile Geography international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea Note: strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert one of world's driest regions THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile People Population: 14,161,216 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 29% (female 2,014,877; male 2,099,450) 15-64 years: 64% (female 4,574,947; male 4,529,251) 65 years and over: 7% (female 549,385; male 393,306) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.49% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 20.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 14.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.88 years male: 71.89 years female: 78.01 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.49 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Chilean(s) adjective: Chilean Ethnic divisions: European and European-Indian 95%, Indian 3%, other 2% Religions: Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish Languages: Spanish Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1992) total population: 94% male: 95% female: 94% Labor force: 4.728 million by occupation: services 38.3% (includes government 12%), industry and commerce 33.8%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.2%, mining 2.3%, construction 6.4% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Chile conventional short form: Chile local long form: Republica de Chile local short form: Chile Digraph: CI Type: republic Capital: Santiago Administrative divisions: 13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana, Tarapaca, Valparaiso note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica Independence: 18 September 1810 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 18 September (1810) Constitution: 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July 1989 Legal system: based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle (since 11 March 1994) election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1999); results - Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle (PDC) 58%, Arturo ALESSANDRI 24.4%, other 17.6% cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional) Senate (Senado): election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total, 38 elected) Concertation of Parties for Democracy 21 (PDC 13, PS 4, PPD 3, PR 1), Union for the Progress of Chile 15 (RN 11, UDI 3, UCC 1), right-wing independents 10 Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados): election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1997); results - Concertation of Parties for Democracy 53.95% (PDC 27.16%, PS 12.01%, PPD 11.82%, PR 2.96%,); Union for the Progress of Chile 30.57% (RN 15.25%, UDI 12.13%, UCC 3.19%); seats - (120 total) Concertation of Parties for Democracy 70 (PDC 37, PPD 15, PR 2, PS 15, left-wing independent 1), Union for the Progress of Chile 47 (RN 30, UDI 15, UCC 2), right-wing independents 3 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile Government Political parties and leaders: Concertation of Parties for Democracy consists mainly of three parties: Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Alejandro FOXLEY; Socialist Party (PS), Camilo ESCALONA; Party for Democracy (PPD), Jorge SCHAULSOHN; Radical Party (PR); Union for the Progress of Chile consists mainly of three parties: National Renewal (RN), Andres ALLAMAND; Independent Democratic Union (UDI), Jovino NOVOA; Center Center Union (UCC), Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ Other political or pressure groups: revitalized university student federations at all major universities; labor - United Labor Central (CUT) includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations; Roman Catholic Church Member of: APEC, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Gabriel GUERRA-MONDRAGON chancery: 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1746 FAX: [1] (202) 887-5579 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico) US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Gabriel GUERRA-MONDRAGON embassy: Codina Building, 1343 Agustinas, Santiago mailing address: Unit 4127, Santiago; APO AA 34033 telephone: [56] (2) 232-2600 FAX: [56] (2) 330-3710 Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile Economy Overview: Chile has a prosperous, essentially free market economy, with the degree of government intervention varying according to the philosophy of the different regimes. Under the center-left government of President AYLWIN, which took power in March 1990, spending on social welfare rose steadily. At the same time business investment, exports, and consumer spending also grew substantially. The new president, FREI, who took office in March 1994, has emphasized social spending even more. Growth in 1991-94 has averaged 6.5% annually, with an estimated one million Chileans having moved out of poverty in the last four years. Copper remains vital to the health of the economy; Chile is the world's largest producer and exporter of copper. Success in meeting the government's goal of sustained annual growth of 5% depends on world copper prices, the level of confidence of foreign investors and creditors, and the government's own ability to maintain a conservative fiscal stance. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $97.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $7,010 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.7% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 6% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $10.9 billion expenditures: $10.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.2 billion (1993) Exports: $11.5 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: copper 41%, other metals and minerals 8.7%, wood products 7.1%, fish and fishmeal 9.8%, fruits 8.4% (1991) partners: EC 29%, Japan 17%, US 16%, Argentina 5%, Brazil 5% (1992) Imports: $10.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: capital goods 25.2%, spare parts 24.8%, raw materials 15.4%, petroleum 10%, foodstuffs 5.7% partners: EC 24%, US 21%, Brazil 10%, Japan 10% (1992) External debt: $20 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 4.3% (1993 est.); accounts for 34% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 4,810,000 kW production: 22 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,499 kWh (1993) Industries: copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile Economy Agriculture: accounts for about 7% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); major exporter of fruit, fish, and timber products; major crops - wheat, corn, grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, deciduous fruit; livestock products - beef, poultry, wool; self-sufficient in most foods; 1991 fish catch of 6.6 million metric tons; net agricultural importer Illicit drugs: a minor transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and Europe; booming economy has made it more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $521 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.6 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $386 million Currency: 1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: Chilean pesos (Ch$) per US$1 - 408 (January 1995), 420.08 (1994), 404.35 (1993), 362.59 (1992), 349.37 (1991), 305.06 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile Transportation Railroads: total: 7,766 km broad gauge: 3,974 km 1.676-m gauge (1,865 km electrified) standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 3,642 km 1.000-m gauge (80 km electrified) Highways: total: 79,599 km paved: 10,984 km unpaved: gravel or earth 68,615 km (1990) Inland waterways: 725 km Pipelines: crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km Ports: Antofagasta, Arica, Chanarol, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso Merchant marine: total: 36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 510,006 GRT/879,891 DWT ships by type: bulk 13, cargo 7, chemical tanker 3, combination ore/oil 2, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, vehicle carrier 2 Airports: total: 390 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 17 with paved runways under 914 m: 252 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 13 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 76 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile Communications Telephone system: 768,000 telephones; modern telephone system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities local: NA intercity: extensive microwave radio relay links and 3 domestic satellite stations international: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 159, FM 0, shortwave 11 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 131 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Chile Defense Forces Branches: Army of the Nation, National Navy (includes Naval Air, Coast Guard, and Marines), Air Force of the Nation, Carabineros of Chile (National Police), Investigations Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,758,770; males fit for military service 2,796,740; males reach military age (19) annually 121,831 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1 billion, 3.4% of GDP (1991 est.) CHILE - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 3 months, may be extended. For official/diplomatic travel and other information consult Embassy of Chile, 1732 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 (202/785-3159) or nearest Consulate General: CA (310/785-0113 and 415/982-7662), FL (305/373-8623), PA (215/829-9520), NY (212/980-3366), TX (713/621-5853) or PR (809/725-6365). Chile - Consular Information Sheet September 2, 1994 Country Description: Chile has a stable government and a strong economy. Civil disorder is rare. Facilities for tourism vary according to price and area. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. U.S. citizens do not need a visa for a three-month stay. However, those considering scientific, technical or mountaineering activities in areas classified as frontier areas are required to obtain authorization from the Chilean government. Requests for authorization must be presented to Chilean authorities at least 90 days prior to the beginning of the expedition. The portions of Antarctica claimed by Chile are exempt from these pre-approval requirements. For current information concerning entry and customs requirements for Chile, travelers can contact the Chilean Embassy at 1732 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036; tel: (202) 785-1746 or the nearest consulate in Los Angeles, Miami, Philadelphia, New York, Houston, or Chicago. Medical Facilities: Medical care is good but may not meet U.S. standards. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance, which includes specific overseas coverage, is highly recommended. In-country medical evacuation from outlying areas to Santiago costs $2000 (U.S.) or more. Cost for international evacuations begin at about $10,000 (U.S.). For travelers to the Antarctic, additional insurance to cover the cost of air evacuation specifically from that remote region is strongly recommended. In the event of illness, injury or even death, the cost of evacuation from the Antarctic region to Santiago can exceed $10,000 (U.S.). This is in addition to the evacuation costs indicated above. For additional health information travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers' hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: In Santiago and other large cities, thieves thrive on rush hour crowding on the street and aboard public transportation. Persons wearing expensive looking jewelry or carrying luggage or cameras are particular targets. Walking in the downtown area after dark, or on weekends in the late afternoon, even in the well-traveled areas, is considered risky. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Also available from the same address is the Department of State's publication, "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America." Terrorist Activities: Specific terrorist groups have conducted sporadic bombings and other violent acts against business facilities and institutions identified with the United States. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Chile for possession and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Adoptions: The Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can provide updated information on Chilean adoption procedures and on immigrant visa matters related to adoptions. Consular officers are not authorized to act as agents on behalf of Americans seeking to adopt Chilean children. Additional information is available by writing the Office of Citizens Consular Services, CA/OCS/CCS, Room 4817, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, or by telephoning (202) 647-3712. Civil Aviation Oversight: In March 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Chile's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Chilean carriers operating to and from the U.S. The same level of safety oversight would typically be applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800- 322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: Americans who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy at 2800 Andres Bello, Vitacura, Santiago; telephone (562) 232-2600, can obtain updated information on travel and security within Chile. No. 94-183 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet of May 2, 1994 to add information on aviation oversight. Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 `1`11 `1``` # 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 00551 ;3!1`p pO?"?%?% pO%?%#?% ##?%"%# pB?%??## pO#?"##? pO?"?# %?%"%? 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Age structure: 0-14 years: 26% (female 151,266,866; male 167,234,782) 15-64 years: 67% (female 391,917,572; male 419,103,994) 65 years and over: 7% (female 39,591,692; male 33,982,362) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.04% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 17.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.36 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 52.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.08 years male: 67.09 years female: 69.18 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.84 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Chinese (singular and plural) adjective: Chinese Ethnic divisions: Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1% Religions: Daoism (Taoism), Buddhism, Muslim 2%-3%, Christian 1% (est.) note: officially atheist, but traditionally pragmatic and eclectic Languages: Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic divisions entry) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 78% male: 87% female: 68% Labor force: 583.6 million (1991) by occupation: agriculture and forestry 60%, industry and commerce 25%, construction and mining 5%, social services 5%, other 5% (1990 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK China Government Names: conventional long form: People's Republic of China conventional short form: China local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo local short form: Zhong Guo Abbreviation: PRC Digraph: CH Type: Communist state Capital: Beijing Administrative divisions: 23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions* (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 3 municipalities** (shi, singular and plural); Anhui, Beijing**, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi*, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol*, Ningxia*, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai**, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin**, Xinjiang*, Xizang* (Tibet), Yunnan, Zhejiang note: China considers Taiwan its 23rd province Independence: 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty 221 BC; Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty replaced by the Republic on 12 February 1912; People's Republic established 1 October 1949) National holiday: National Day, 1 October (1949) Constitution: most recent promulgated 4 December 1982 Legal system: a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal law; rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new legal codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing efforts are being made to improve civil, administrative, criminal, and commercial law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993); Vice President RONG Yiren (since 27 March 1993); election last held 27 March 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - JIANG Zemin was nominally elected by the Eighth National People's Congress head of government: Premier LI Peng (Acting Premier since 24 November 1987, Premier since 9 April 1988) Vice Premier ZHU Rongji (since 8 April 1991); Vice Premier ZOU Jiahua (since 8 April 1991); Vice Premier QIAN Qichen (since 29 March 1993); Vice Premier LI Lanqing (29 March 1993); Vice Premier WU Bangguo (since 17 March 1995); Vice Premier JIANG Chunyun (since 17 March 1995) cabinet: State Council; appointed by the National People's Congress (NPC) Legislative branch: unicameral THE WORLD FACTBOOK China Government National People's Congress: (Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui) elections last held March 1993 (next to be held March 1998); results - CCP is the only party but there are also independents; seats - (2,977 total) (elected at county or xian level) Judicial branch: Supreme People's Court Political parties and leaders: Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee (since 24 June 1989); eight registered small parties controlled by CCP Other political or pressure groups: such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue Member of: AfDB, APEC, AsDB, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (observer), PCA, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador LI Daoyu chancery: 2300 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-2500 through 2502 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador J. Stapleton ROY embassy: Xiu Shui Bei Jie 3, 100600 Beijing mailing address: PSC 461, Box 50, Beijing; FPO AP 96521-0002 telephone: [86] (1) 5323831 FAX: [86] (1) 5323178 consulate(s) general: Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang Flag: red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner THE WORLD FACTBOOK China Economy Overview: Beginning in late 1978 the Chinese leadership has been trying to move the economy from the sluggish Soviet-style centrally planned economy to a more productive and flexible economy with market elements, but still within the framework of monolithic Communist control. To this end the authorities switched to a system of household responsibility in agriculture in place of the old collectivization, increased the authority of local officials and plant managers in industry, permitted a wide variety of small-scale enterprise in services and light manufacturing, and opened the economy to increased foreign trade and investment. The result has been a strong surge in production, particularly in agriculture in the early 1980s. Industry also has posted major gains, especially in coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan, where foreign investment and modern production methods have helped spur production of both domestic and export goods. Aggregate output has more than doubled since 1978. On the darker side, the leadership has often experienced in its hybrid system the worst results of socialism (bureaucracy, lassitude, corruption) and of capitalism (windfall gains and stepped-up inflation). Beijing thus has periodically backtracked, retightening central controls at intervals. In 1992-94 annual growth of GDP accelerated, particularly in the coastal areas - to more than 10% annually according to official claims. In late 1993 China's leadership approved additional long-term reforms aimed at giving more play to market-oriented institutions and at strengthening the center's control over the financial system. In 1994 strong growth continued in the widening market-oriented areas of the economy. At the same time, the government struggled to (a) collect revenues due from provinces, businesses, and individuals; (b) keep inflation within bounds; (c) reduce extortion and other economic crimes; and (d) keep afloat the large state-owned enterprises, most of which had not participated in the vigorous expansion of the economy. From 60 to 100 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many barely subsisting through part-time low-pay jobs. Popular resistance, changes in central policy, and loss of authority by rural cadres have weakened China's population control program, which is essential to the nation's long-term economic viability. One of the most dangerous long-term threats to continued rapid economic growth is the deterioration in the environment, notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table especially in the north. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.9788 trillion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992 by use of official Chinese growth statistics for 1993-94; because of the difficulties with official statistics in this time of rapid change, the result may overstate China's GDP by as much as 25%) National product real growth rate: 11.8% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,500 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 25.5% (December 1994 over December 1993) Unemployment rate: 2.7% in urban areas (1994); substantial underemployment Budget: deficit $13.7 billion (1994) Exports: $121 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: textiles, garments, footwear, toys, machinery and equipment, weapon systems partners: Hong Kong, Japan, US, Germany, South Korea, Russia (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK China Economy Imports: $115.7 billion (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: rolled steel, motor vehicles, textile machinery, oil products, aircraft partners: Japan, Taiwan, US, Hong Kong, Germany, South Korea (1993) External debt: $100 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 17.5% (1994 est.) Electricity: capacity: 162,000,000 kW production: 746 billion kWh consumption per capita: 593 kWh (1993) Industries: iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles and apparel, petroleum, cement, chemical fertilizers, consumer durables, food processing, autos, consumer electronics, telecommunications Agriculture: accounts for almost 30% of GDP; among the world's largest producers of rice, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, and pork; commercial crops include cotton, other fibers, and oilseeds; produces variety of livestock products; basically self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 13.35 million metric tons (including fresh water and pond raised) (1991) Illicit drugs: illicit producer of opium; bulk of production is in Yunnan Province (which produced 25 metric tons in 1994); transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle Economic aid: donor: to less developed countries (1970-89) $7 billion recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $220.7 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $13.5 billion Currency: 1 yuan (Y) = 10 jiao Exchange rates: yuan (Y) per US$1 - 8.4413 (January 1995), 8.6187 (1994), 5.7620 (1993), 5.5146 (1992), 5.3234 (1991), 4.7832 (1990) note: beginning 1 January 1994, the People's Bank of China quotes the midpoint rate against the US dollar based on the previous day's prevailing rate in the interbank foreign exchange market Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK China Transportation Railroads: total: 65,780 km standard gauge: 55,180 km 1.435-m gauge (7,174 km electrified; more than 11,000 km double track) narrow gauge: 600 km 1.000-m gauge; 10,000 km 0.762-m to 1.067-m gauge dedicated industrial lines Highways: total: 1.029 million km paved: 170,000 km unpaved: gravel/improved earth 648,000 km; unimproved earth 211,000 km (1990) Inland waterways: 138,600 km; about 109,800 km navigable Pipelines: crude oil 9,700 km; petroleum products 1,100 km; natural gas 6,200 km (1990) Ports: Aihui, Changsha, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Harbin, Huangpu, Nanning, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shantou, Tanggu, Xiamen, Xingang, Zhanjiang Merchant marine: total: 1,628 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,013,532 GRT/24,027,766 DWT ships by type: barge carrier 3, bulk 298, cargo 849, chemical tanker 14, combination bulk 10, container 98, liquefied gas tanker 4, multifunction large load carrier 1, oil tanker 212, passenger 24, passenger-cargo 25, refrigerated cargo 21, roll-on/roll-off cargo 24, short-sea passenger 44, vehicle carrier 1 note: China beneficially owns an additional 250 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling approximately 8,831,462 DWT that operate under Panamanian, Hong Kong, Maltese, Liberian, Vanuatu, Cypriot, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Bahamian, and Singaporean registry Airports: total: 204 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 17 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 69 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 89 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 9 with paved runways under 914 m: 7 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 7 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK China Communications Telephone system: 20,000,000 telephones (summer 1994); domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships; expanding phone lines, interprovincial fiber optic links, satellite communications, cellullar/mobile communications, etc. local: NA intercity: fiber optic trunk lines, 55 earth stations for domestic satellites international: 5 INTELSAT earth stations (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 INMARSAT earth station; several international fiber optic links to Japan and Hong Kong Radio: broadcast stations: AM 274, FM NA, shortwave 0 radios: 215 million Television: broadcast stations: 202 (repeaters 2,050) televisions: 75 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK China Defense Forces Branches: People's Liberation Army (PLA), which includes the Ground Forces, Navy (includes Marines and Naval Aviation), Air Force, Second Artillery Corps (the strategic missile force), People's Armed Police (internal security troops, nominally subordinate to Ministry of Public Security, but included by the Chinese as part of the "armed forces" and considered to be an adjunct to the PLA in war time) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 351,330,411; males fit for military service 194,286,619; males reach military age (18) annually 9,841,658 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: defense budget - 63.09 billion yuan, NA% of GDP (1995 est.); note - conversion of the defense budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results "("(CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF - Passport and visa required. Transit visa required for any stop (even if you do not exit the plane or train) in China. Visitors must show hotel reservation and "letter of confirmation" from the China International Travel Service (CITS) or an invitation from an individual or institution in China. CITS tours may be booked through several travel agencies and airlines in the United States and abroad and are often advertised in newspapers and magazines. Visas for tour group members are usually obtained by the travel agent as part of the tour package. Visa requires $10 fee (no personal checks), 2 application forms and 2 photos. Allow at least 10 days processing time. Medical examination required for those staying 1 year or longer. AIDS test required for those staying more than 6 months. For further information contact Chinese Embassy, 2300 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/328-2517) or nearest Consulate General: Chicago (312/346-0287), Houston (713/524-4311), Los Angeles (213/380-2506), New York (212/330-7409) or San Francisco (415/563-4857). China - Consular Information Sheet October 31, 1994 Country Description: The People's Republic of China has a communist government. It is one of the world's largest and fastest growing economies. Modern tourist facilities are not widely available, except in major cities. Entry Requirements: Passports and visas are required. Most tourist visas are valid for only one entry. Travelers require a new visa for additional entries into China. Those who arrive without a visa will be fined a minimum of 2,000 renminbi (about $232 U.S. ) at the port of entry and may not be allowed to enter China. A transit visa is required for any stop (even if one does not exit the plane or train) in China. Specific information is available through the Embassy of the Peoples Republic of China at 2300 Connecticut Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 328-2500, or from one of the Consulates General in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: The quality of medical care in China is uneven. Competent, trained doctors and nurses are available in major metropolitan centers. However, hospital accommodations are spartan and medical technology is not up-to-date. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage including provision for medical evacuation can be useful for any U.S. citizen traveling or residing in China. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment of medical services outside the United States. The Department of State's brochure "Tips for Travelers to the People's Republic of China" contains additional information concerning medical care in China. This brochure is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Questions on health matters can also be addressed to the Centers for Disease Control through its international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: China has a low crime rate; however, crime has increased in the past few years, principally in the major cities. Americans and other foreigners have seldom been victims of violent crime. Theft is the most common crime affecting visitors and occurs most frequently in crowded public areas, such as hotel lobbies, bars, restaurants, and public transportation sites. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police, and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Police reports are necessary in China in order that travelers may obtain new visas from Chinese authorities. Chinese authorities require that travelers have valid visas to exit China, or even to travel and register in hotels within China. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Adoption: After completing lengthy pre-adoption procedures in the United States, foreigners wishing to adopt a child in China can expect to spend at least two weeks in China. Current adoption information can be obtained by calling the U.S. Department of State (202) 647-3675, or writing to the Office of Overseas Citizens Services, Room 4800, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Criminal penalties for possession, use, or trafficking of illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect severe jail sentences and fines. Hong Kong passport holders have been executed for drug offenses, and one U.S. citizen, convicted on drug related charges in Shanghai, has received a fifteen year prison sentence. Customs Information: Information concerning regulations and procedures governing items that may be brought into China is available through the Chinese Embassy and consulates. Students may bring into China only a limited number of items which are considered necessary for study and daily life. Some Americans resident in China have been required to pay customs duty on certain large items each time they temporarily depart China, if required procedures were not followed when the items were originally brought into China. Passport Confiscation: The confiscation of foreign passports of persons involved in commercial disputes occurs in China. Under such circumstances, the U.S. government will issue another passport to any American citizen who applies for one. Even if a new U.S. passport is issued, the Chinese government may block departure. Dual Nationality: China does not recognize dual nationality. U.S. citizens who are also Chinese nationals have experienced difficulty entering and departing China on U.S. passports, and some U.S. passports have been seized by Chinese authorities. Dual nationals may be subject to Chinese laws which impose special obligations. Such persons are often required to use Chinese documentation to enter China. The United States requires that all U.S. citizens enter and depart the United States on U.S. passports. Dual nationals who enter and depart China using a U.S. passport and a valid PRC visa do not lose the right of U.S. consular access and protection under the U.S.- PRC Consular Convention. The ability of the U.S. Embassy or Consulates General to provide normal consular services would be extremely limited should a dual national enter China on a Chinese or other passport. China does not recognize the U.S. citizenship of children born in China, when one of the parents is a PRC national. Such children are required to depart China on PRC travel documents. Children born in the United States to PRC national parents, who are neither lawful permanent residents nor U.S. citizens, are not recognized as U.S. citizens under Chinese nationality law. Although Chinese consulates have frequently issued visas to such individuals in error, they are treated solely as PRC nationals by Chinese authorities when in China. Before traveling to China, dual nationals may wish to contact the Office of Overseas Citizens Services at (202) 647-3675 or the U.S. Embassy in Beijing at (86-1) 532-3831 EXT: 229 for additional information. Consular Access : U.S. citizens are encouraged to carry their U.S. passports or photocopies of passport data and photo pages with them at all times so that, if questioned by PRC officials, proof of U.S. citizenship is readily available. U.S. Consular officers are not always notified when a U.S. citizen has been detained. This is particularly true when the U.S. citizen is also a dual national, and is considered by the Chinese government to be a citizen of China. U.S. citizens have rights to consular access under the U.S. - P.R.C. Consular Convention and should insist upon contact with the U.S. Embassy or one of the U.S. Consulates General. Dual nationals who enter China on Chinese passports may be denied consular access to U.S. consular officials. Travel to Tibet: The Chinese government requires U.S. citizens wishing to visit Tibet to apply in advance for approval from the Tourist Administration of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. More information is available through the Chinese Embassy or a consulate in the United States, or while in China, at the U.S. Embassy or nearest U.S. consulate general. Document Seizures: Chinese authorities have seized documents, literature, and letters which they deem to be religious, pornographic, or political in nature. They have detained and expelled individuals believed to be engaged in proselytization or in conduct they consider immoral. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy or a U.S. Consulate General may obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy and Consulate Locations: The U.S. Embassy Consular Section in China is located at Xiu Shui Dong Jie 3. Beijing - 100600; telephone (86-1) 532-3831, Fax: (86-1) 532-2483. There are Consulates General at Number 1 South Shamian Street, Shamian Island 20031, Guangzhou; telephone (86-20) 888-8911 - ext. 255, fax: (86-20) 886-2341; Shanghai, located at 1469 Huai Hai Middle Road; telephone (86-21) 433-6880, fax: (86-21) 433-4122 Shenyang, located at No. 52, 14th Wei Road, Heping District; telephone (86- 24) 282-0068, fax: (86-24) 282-0074 Chengdu, at Number 4, Lingshiguan Road, Section 4, Renmin Nanlu; telephone (86-28) 558-9642, fax: (86-28) 558-3520. No. 94-257 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 18, 1994, and informs U.S. citizen travelers of the importance of keeping proof of U.S. citizenship readily available. It also notes a reduction from four weeks to two weeks in the period necessary for completion of adoptions in China. ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 photo_3 Map Button Image Show Map 11`11 ",",% ,[0,[[,#%, p``p3 ,2,%[, B2OJ;;J; `p``B [[%[O%, [,%%[,%[[O `11``11 1!31! %["%" "O%["[,%,% %,%JO 1`311` 2%[[%% X%X%%? %%"%%" " OO2BB22 S1!`` %%XQ% Q%%?%? ;J;J; "(BJ5W "2"JO ?%??## ;"OOB %#%X%X" [%#B[[ "f5`` %[J%,% [%[2[, O[%,J[,[O% [J[,%,?,% JBJJ2JBJB O`52. ,[%[,[%[,% [%[,[% ,,%[O% !W`!!` %,[[# 2c;c;9 g9"2c;02 %,[,,[% 2g;ggO H;O9D9g ;2O;BO2B;; BBJB &5,(, BB` gH;gg ;0J;J gg4gD9;2 "2"O" &5500 2g;JJ" !3313S( ,%O`! ,(0(( 13133 W`W`J 2;;0; 22%J[ "[%2% 55;0( Q"Q"? 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BOJ;; 11--1-1 -11--1 11-:- :--1yy-- 1yuy1 0-1-11- y1y1y -0-1,-, -,-,-, yt-1- y1y1y -1yty -u--y1-1y- 1u1y1 y1u-y yuy1y-- y1--u ,-,-- y-y1y --1-11 11y-- 11yy1 911911 91191 191191 91199 191191 10191 11911 98919 11919 9190 91191 -11-11 1-1-1 9-191-1 11-9- 99119911 1-11- -11-9 919-1 -1-11 -91-1-1 --1-11 11991 11-11-1 12:; ? ? ? 1991991 91191 2:;?_?? ??; ;: 191-1 2;_? ;? ;_? ;_;?; -y11-1 11-1z 2:; ?? ?;?;? 199119 ;?;?;?;_;; --1-1 2;? ; ;;??;??;_ _;;_;?;?;; _;? :1 911919 -112: ? ;?;;_;? ?;?;?;?;? ?;?;;?; 919199 2; ; ; _;?;?;;?;? ; ?;?_;;?;; 19191 ;??;?;?; ;?;?;? ;?;;?; ;? 11-1- ?;;?;?;?;? ;;?;;? ?;?;?;? ?;?;?;_ ?;?;? ?;;?;?;;? -1212 ?;;?;? 12122 22:2: :2:2::2:2 22121 Christmas Island Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Christmas Island Header Affiliation: (territory of Australia) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Christmas Island Geography Location: Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 135 sq km land area: 135 sq km comparative area: about 0.8 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 138.9 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds Terrain: steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau Natural resources: phosphate Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: almost completely surrounded by a reef which can be a maritime hazard international agreements: NA Note: located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean THE WORLD FACTBOOK Christmas Island People Population: 889 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: -9% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA Death rate: NA Net migration rate: NA Infant mortality rate: NA Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA male: NA female: NA Total fertility rate: NA Nationality: noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island Ethnic divisions: Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population Religions: Buddhist 36.1%, Muslim 25.4%, Christian 17.7% (Roman Catholic 8.2%, Church of England 3.2%, Presbyterian 0.9%, Uniting Church 0.4%, Methodist 0.2%, Baptist 0.1%, and other 4.7%), none 12.7%, unknown 4.6%, other 3.5% (1981) Languages: English Labor force: NA by occupation: all workers are employees of the Phosphate Mining Company of Christmas Island, Ltd. THE WORLD FACTBOOK Christmas Island Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island Digraph: KT Type: territory of Australia Capital: The Settlement Administrative divisions: none (territory of Australia) Independence: none (territory of Australia) National holiday: NA Constitution: Christmas Island Act of 1958 Legal system: under the authority of the governor general of Australia Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Administrator M. J. GRIMES (since NA) cabinet: Advisory Council Legislative branch: none Judicial branch: none Political parties and leaders: none Member of: none Diplomatic representation in US: none (territory of Australia) US diplomatic representation: none (territory of Australia) Flag: the flag of Australia is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Christmas Island Economy Overview: Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine as no longer economically viable. Plans have been under way to reopen the mine and also to build a casino and hotel to develop tourism. National product: GDP $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $NA commodities: phosphate partners: Australia, NZ Imports: $NA commodities: consumer goods partners: principally Australia External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 11,000 kW production: 30 million kWh consumption per capita: 17,800 kWh (1990) Industries: phosphate extraction (near depletion) Agriculture: NA Economic aid: none Currency: 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704, (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2836 (1991), 1.2799 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Christmas Island Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km Ports: Flying Fish Cove Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Christmas Island Communications Telephone system: NA telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Christmas Island Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of Australia Show Map x8dot3 language Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights CHRISTMA English (Australian) %%?%#?% #?%%?%# BJJ;"JBB2 "?#?%## 00J;J;B 2#??%#? #%??%#? "2"JJ 2#?%# #%%?%? BB"BB2BB 9$$4" ;OJ2; 0JOJ; $;$$g$ L$9;H 2;HB4"4 ??Q?? OO;OJ;0 JJBO;OJ JJ;;JO O;JJOJ ;;J;J J""JO;B ;;22" OOJ0J;B ;JJ;"; J;;OO;O jmLjjL p`1p` 1`1`1``1`1 p`1T` p`1p` p`1p` cnnc8m Lpmn7j LpnLcm6nmp Lmcpmmpcnp jpcjpcLm pnmpL mpmcp npcnpc cpnnbpL mpmnp nccj7 nLc6j mpcmpm cpnmpm npLmn pcnpc LpcL7c mpmjL pcjpm Lmcpmcm mmncnmm mmncm L6mcpn mccLccmcj nLjLm enenenen enenenenen enenenenen enenenenen enenenenen enenenenen enenenenen enenenenen enenenenen enenh ``11`11`1 ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Clipperton Island Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights CLIPPERT x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Clipperton Island Header Affiliation: (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Clipperton Island Geography Location: Middle America, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, southwest of Mexico Map references: World Area: total area: 7 sq km land area: 7 sq km comparative area: about 12 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 11.1 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claimed by Mexico Climate: tropical Terrain: coral atoll Natural resources: none Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all coral) Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: reef about 8 km in circumference THE WORLD FACTBOOK Clipperton Island People Population: uninhabited THE WORLD FACTBOOK Clipperton Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Clipperton Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Clipperton former: sometimes called Ile de la Passion Digraph: IP Type: French possession administered by France from French Polynesia by High Commissioner of the Republic Capital: none; administered by France from French Polynesia Independence: none (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Clipperton Island Economy Overview: The only economic activity is a tuna fishing station. THE WORLD FACTBOOK Clipperton Island Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only THE WORLD FACTBOOK Clipperton Island Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of France Map Button Image Show Map p;?%?%%? #%?#%? ;;2OOBB ;;J;J p;%%?%h% p;?%?%?? "O2"" ;O2B"O"B p;/9$9$4 9JJ9$$9 O;;B; BJ;2 $J$D$ j$D9J 9JL9J4 p;4;442" ;JBB;OJ2 JJ0;" O;;2B"J;O ;;J;;O;;O 11`11` 1`11S J";;2 OO;B;JB ;J;0O;JBB; JOJJ;JJ; mLnjLL 1`11` 13!`11T 11`11T ``1`1` `W`S`1 1`!`11` ``1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` `+PcZ nmnmnn mmnmnn j7cjjm mpLnmjmjm jpmmpL mjmjm mpLn7 7jncpc pcmpm pcmpmnpc mpmmpm ccmpc mpmcpm cpmj6 mccpc mpmcpn Pcmpm bLnpc ncnpc ncmmL mcm66c ccmLc mcmn8 Lccp8 Lccmpc mL6jm 11`1` ``!`1` ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Cocos Islands ) Islands Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cocos (Keeling) Islands Header Affiliation: (territory of Australia) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cocos (Keeling) Islands Geography Location: Southeastern Asia, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia, about one-half of the way from Australia to Sri Lanka Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 14 sq km land area: 14 sq km comparative area: about 24 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC note: includes the two main islands of West Island and Home Island Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 2.6 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: pleasant, modified by the southeast trade wind for about nine months of the year; moderate rain fall Terrain: flat, low-lying coral atolls Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% other: NA% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: there are no natural fresh water resources on the island, groundwater does accumulate in natural underground reservoirs natural hazards: cyclones may occur in the early months of the year international agreements: NA Note: two coral atolls thickly covered with coconut palms and other vegetation THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cocos (Keeling) Islands People Population: 604 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 0.98% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman Nationality: noun: Cocos Islander(s) adjective: Cocos Islander Ethnic divisions: West Island: Europeans Home Island: Cocos Malays Religions: Sunni Muslims Languages: English Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cocos (Keeling) Islands Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands conventional short form: Cocos (Keeling) Islands Digraph: CK Type: territory of Australia Capital: West Island Administrative divisions: none (territory of Australia) Independence: none (territory of Australia) National holiday: NA Constitution: Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 Legal system: based upon the laws of Australia and local laws Suffrage: NA Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Administrator B. CUNNINGHAM (since NA) cabinet: Islands Council; Chairman of the Islands Council Haji WAHIN bin Bynie (since NA) Legislative branch: unicameral Islands Council Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: NA Member of: none Diplomatic representation in US: none (territory of Australia) US diplomatic representation: none (territory of Australia) Flag: the flag of Australia is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cocos (Keeling) Islands Economy Overview: Grown throughout the islands, coconuts are the sole cash crop. Copra and fresh coconuts are the major export earners. Small local gardens and fishing contribute to the food supply, but additional food and most other necessities must be imported from Australia. National product: GDP $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $NA commodities: copra partners: Australia Imports: $NA commodities: foodstuffs partners: Australia External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 1,000 kW production: 2 million kWh consumption per capita: 2,980 kWh (1990) Industries: copra products Agriculture: gardens provide vegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts Economic aid: none Currency: 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2836 (1991), 1.2799 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cocos (Keeling) Islands Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km Ports: none; lagoon anchorage only Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cocos (Keeling) Islands Communications Telephone system: NA telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: linked by telephone, telex, and facsimile communications via satellite with Australia Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: 250 (1985) Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cocos (Keeling) Islands Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of Australia Show Map x8dot3 language 8$.$f Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights COCOS__K 8$.$f English (Australian) pO%?%Q?% Q%?#%%# 2BOO"O pO?%?%%# %?%?X O;JJO pO%%?%# pO#?%#X? ##%?%% p+p1 2OOJOBJBJ 11`11 `11`1`1` pO4$9$;$ ``1`11`` pOH$$g9O gOOg$99 2JJ2JJ2O2O ;J2OJ `11`1 pO;$9D$9 $9H$D$$ 94L99; 2"BB" pO;$J;2B `1`1` ??QQ? 1`11` 2OO;BJ ++p`5 pOQMQ OOJO;B 1`1`1`` J;J;;JO "O2"JOJ `6+6`6 pOQMQMMQ MQMQMQQ JB;O2 O;;2"J BO2" ";O;;J ;OJJ"J 2JO0;;0; O;J0;;J O;;O0 OO"5d `6+T`` OJOJOJ OJOJOJOJOO JOOJJ JOJOJOJOJO JOJOJOJOJJ jLcLcLc LcLcLcLcLL LLcLcLcLcL cLcLcLcLcL 6mccnm 6mcjLL GS>S| ccmcm mbmLL pjcmnjmcj jpcjpmL pmn7j mpmjj npcn7p ccmmp cpnmpm mpmjj pmL6m cmpcm c6ccp cnjnLm mmnmm mmncm mcmpc mncLjc ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh ShShShShSh 11``11 `1`1`` ``11`1 `11`11 11`11 1`11`1 `11`` ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; tsbrYs& Colombia Map Button Image 0<0< THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia Geography Location: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama Map references: South America Area: total area: 1,138,910 sq km land area: 1,038,700 sq km comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Montana note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank, and Serranilla Bank Land boundaries: total 7,408 km, Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 2,900 km, Venezuela 2,050 km Coastline: 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km) Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: maritime boundary dispute with Venezuela in the Gulf of Venezuela; territorial dispute with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank Climate: tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands Terrain: flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds Land use: arable land: 4% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 29% forest and woodland: 49% other: 16% Irrigated land: 5,150 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions natural hazards: highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia Geography international agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping Note: only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia People Population: 36,200,251 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 32% (female 5,784,010; male 5,925,600) 15-64 years: 63% (female 11,642,870; male 11,245,235) 65 years and over: 5% (female 888,358; male 714,178) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.7% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 21.89 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.69 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 26.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.48 years male: 69.68 years female: 75.38 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.4 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Colombian(s) adjective: Colombian Ethnic divisions: mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Indian 3%, Indian 1% Religions: Roman Catholic 95% Languages: Spanish Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1985) total population: 88% male: 88% female: 88% Labor force: 12 million (1990) by occupation: services 46%, agriculture 30%, industry 24% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Colombia conventional short form: Colombia local long form: Republica de Colombia local short form: Colombia Digraph: CO Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure Capital: Bogota Administrative divisions: 32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada Independence: 20 July 1810 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 20 July (1810) Constitution: 5 July 1991 Legal system: based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted in 1992-93; judicial review of executive and legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Ernesto SAMPER Pizano (since 7 August 1994); election last held 29 May 1994 (next to be held May 1998) and resulted in no candidate receiving more than 50% of the total vote; a run-off election to select a president from the two leading candidates was held on 19 June 1994; results - Ernesto SAMPER Pizano (Liberal Party) 50.4%, Andres PASTRANA Arango (Conservative Party) 48.6%, blank votes 1%; Humberto de la CALLE was elected vice president in a new proceedure that replaces the traditional designation of vice presidents by newly elected presidents. cabinet: Cabinet Legislative branch: bicameral Congress (Congreso) Senate (Senado): elections last held 13 March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1998); preliminary results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (102 total) Liberal Party 59, conservatives (includes PC, MSN, and NDF) 31, other 12 House of Representatives (Camara de Representantes): elections last held 13 March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1998); preliminary results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (161 total) Liberal Party 89, conservatives (includes PC, MSN, and NDF) 53, AD/M-19 2, other 17 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia Government Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justical), Constitutional Court, Council of State Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party (PL), Juan Guillermo ANGEL; Conservative Party (PC), Fabio VALENCIA Cossio; National Salvation Movement (MSN), Alvaro GOMEZ Hurtado; New Democratic Force (NDF), Andres PASTRANA Arango; Democratic Alliance M-19 (AD/M-19) is a coalition of small leftist parties and dissident liberals and conservatives; Patriotic Union (UP) is a legal political party formed by Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and Colombian Communist Party (PCC), Carlos ROMERO Other political or pressure groups: three insurgent groups are active in Colombia - Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), Manuel MARULANDA and Alfonso CANO; National Liberation Army (ELN), Manuel PEREZ; and dissidents of the recently demobilized People's Liberation Army (EPL), Francisco CARABALLO; Francisco CARABALLO was captured by the government in June 1994 Member of: AG, CCC, CDB, CG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Carlos LLERAS de la Fuente chancery: 2118 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 387-8338 FAX: [1] (202) 232-8643 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and Washington, DC consulate(s): Atlanta and Tampa US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Myles R. R. FRECHETTE embassy: Calle 38, No. 8-61, Bogota mailing address: Apartado Aereo 3831, Bogota; APO AA 34038 telephone: [57] (1) 320-1300 FAX: [57] (1) 288-5687 consulate(s): Barranquilla Flag: three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red; similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia Economy Overview: Colombia's economy has grown steadily since 1991, when the government implemented sweeping economic reform measures. President SAMPER, who took office in August 1994, has pledged to maintain those reforms while expanding government assistance for poor Colombians, who continue to make up about 40% of the population. In an effort to bring down inflation, SAMPER has arranged a "social pact" with business and labor to curtail price hikes and trim inflation to 18%. The rapid development of oil, coal, and other nontraditional industries, along with copious inflows of capital and strengthening of prices for coffee, have helped keep growth at 5%-6%. Development of the massive Cusiana oilfield provides the means to sustain this level over the next several years. Exporters say, however, that their sales have been hampered by the appreciation of the Colombian peso, and farmers have sought government help in adjusting to greater foreign competition. Moreover, increased foreign investment and even greater domestic growth have been hindered by an inadequate energy and transportation infrastructure and by violence stemming from drug trafficking and persistent rural insurgency. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $172.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5.7% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $4,850 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22.6% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 7.9% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $16 billion (1995 est.) expenditures: $21 billion (1995 est.) Exports: $8.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: petroleum, coffee, coal, bananas, fresh cut flowers partners: US 39%, EC 25.7%, Japan 2.9%, Venezuela 8.5% (1992) Imports: $10.6 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products partners: US 36%, EC 18%, Brazil 4%, Venezuela 6.5%, Japan 8.7% (1992) External debt: $12.6 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 5% (1994 est.); accounts for about 20% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 10,220,000 kW production: 33 billion kWh consumption per capita: 890 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia Economy Industries: textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, metal products, cement; mining - gold, coal, emeralds, iron, nickel, silver, salt Agriculture: growth rate 3.8% (1994 est.); accounts for about 15% of GDP; crops make up two-thirds and livestock one-third of agricultural output; climate and soils permit a wide variety of crops, such as coffee, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseeds, vegetables; forest products and shrimp farming are becoming more important Illicit drugs: illicit producer of coca, opium poppies, and cannabis; about 45,000 hectares of coca under cultivation; the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of cocaine to the US and other international drug markets; active eradication program against narcotics crop Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $399 million Currency: 1 Colombian peso (Col$) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: Colombian pesos (Col$) per US$1 - 846.67 (January 1995), 844.84 (1994), 863.06 (1993), 759.28 (1992), 633.05 (1991), 502.26 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia Transportation Railroads: total: 3,386 km standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 3,236 km 0.914-m gauge (2,611 km in use) Highways: total: 107,377 km (1991) paved: 12,778 km unpaved: gravel/earth 94,599 km Inland waterways: 14,300 km, navigable by river boats Pipelines: crude oil 3,585 km; petroleum products 1,350 km; natural gas 830 km; natural gas liquids 125 km Ports: Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Leticia, Puerto Bolivar, San Andres, Santa Marta, Tumaco, Turbo Merchant marine: total: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 104,577 GRT/142,617 DWT ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 9, container 4, oil tanker 3 Airports: total: 1,307 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 34 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 31 with paved runways under 914 m: 734 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 80 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 419 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia Communications Telephone system: 1,890,000 telephones; modern system in many respects local: NA intercity: nationwide microwave radio relay system; 11 domestic earth stations international: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 413, FM 0, shortwave 28 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 33 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Colombia Defense Forces Branches: Army (Ejercito Nacional), Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Marines and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Colombiana), National Police (Policia Nacional) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 9,851,980; males fit for military service 6,640,348; males reach military age (18) annually 349,599 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.2 billion (1992 est.) &COLOMBIA - Passport, proof of onward/return ticket, and entry permit required for tourist/business stay of up to 6 months. Entry permits are granted by the immigration authorities at the port of entry. Minors (under 18) traveling alone, with one parent or in someone else's custody, must present written authorization signed before a notary and authenticated by the Colombian Embassy or Consulate from the absent parent(s) or guardian. Persons suspected of being HIV-positive may be denied entry. For information about longer stays, business and official travel contact Embassy of Colombia (Consulate), 1825 Conn. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/332-7476) or nearest Consulate General: CA (213/362-1137 or 415/362-0080), FL (305/448-5558), GA (404/237-1045), IL (312/341-0658/9), LA (504/525-5580), MA (617/536-6222), MI (313/352-4970), MN (612/933-2408), MO (314/991-3636), OH (216/943-1200), NY (212/949-9898), PR (809/754-6885) or TX (713/527-8919). Colombia - Travel Warning October 24, 1994 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens of the dangers of travel to Colombia. With the exception of several popular tourist areas, violence continues to affect a significant portion of the country. Recent kidnappings and attacks have targeted U.S. citizens and institutions. Additional information can be found in the Department of State's Consular Information Sheet on Colombia. No. 94-045 This replaces the Travel Warning for Colombia dated January 28, 1994, to incorporate updated information. Colombia - Consular Information Sheet October 31, 1994 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens of the dangers of travel to Colombia. With the exception of several popular tourist areas, violence continues to affect a significant portion of the country. Recent kidnappings and attacks have targeted U.S. citizens and institutions. Country Description: Colombia is a medium income country with a diverse economy. Tourist facilities vary, depending on cost and area. Entry Requirements: A passport and a return/onward ticket are required for stays of up to three-months. Minors (under 18) traveling alone, with one parent, or with a third party must present written authorization from the absent parent(s) or legal guardian, specifically granting permission to travel alone, with one parent or with a third party. This authorization must be notarized, authenticated by a Colombian Embassy or Consulate, and translated into Spanish. For current information concerning entry and customs requirements for Colombia, travelers can contact the Colombian Embassy at 2118 Leroy Place N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone: (202) 387-8338 or the nearest Consulate in Los Angeles, Miami, Chicago, New Orleans, New York, Houston or San Juan. Medical Facilities: Medical care is adequate in major cities, but varies in quality elsewhere. Health problems in Colombia include the presence of cholera, though cholera is found largely in areas outside the cities and usual tourist areas. Visitors who follow proper precautions regarding food and drink are not usually at major risk. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers' hotline (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Based on Colombian government statistics, Colombia's per capita murder rate of 77.5 murders per 100,000 inhabitants is seven times higher than that of the United States. While narcotics and guerrilla related violence account for much of this, common criminals are responsible for 75 percent of the reported murders. Minor crime is prevalent in cities, especially in the vicinity of hotels and airports. Theft of hand luggage and travel documents at airports is common. Taking illegal taxis, which are sometimes characterized by two drivers and irregular markings, may be dangerous. Attempts at extortion and kidnappings on rural buses are not unusual. Many criminals use the drug "scopolamine" to incapacitate tourists, rob them, and then leave them unconscious, often for over 24 hours. The drug is administered in drinks (in bars), through cigarette smoke (in taxis), and in powder form (tourists are approached by someone asking directions, with the drug concealed in a piece of paper. The drug renders the person disoriented and powerless to resist the criminal's orders. Another common scam is an approach to an obvious tourist by an alleged "policeman" who says that he is checking for counterfeit U.S. dollars and wants to "check" the foreigner's money. The person gives the criminal his/her money, receives a receipt and the "policeman" disappears. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," it is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Also available from the same address is the Department of State publication, "Tips for travelers to Central and South America." Areas of Instability: Violence in Colombia by criminal and guerrilla organizations is widespread. Travel by road outside the major cities is considered dangerous because of guerrilla activities in the countryside. As a result, the official travel of U.S. Government employees in Colombia is restricted as described below. The security situation in Colombia is volatile. U.S. citizens may consult the Department of State or the U.S. Embassy in Santa Fe de Bogota or the U.S. Consulate in Barranquilla to obtain the latest information about areas of instability in Colombia. The following areas are considered particularly dangerous: - Cundinamarca Department: rural roads. - Colombia east of the Andes except the city of Leticia in the Amazonas Department and adjacent tourist areas in Amazonas. - All of Antioquia Department (zone) including the city of Medellin. - Most of the North Coast, except for the major tourist areas such as Santa Marta, Barranquilla, Cartagena, and San Andres. - The Northern half of Choco Department, particularly the Uraba region, except for the tourist area of Capurgana. - The Magdelena Medio region: The Magdelena River valley south to Tolima, including western Boyaca, eastern Caldas, and northwestern Cundinamarca. - Rural Valle de Cauca Department and most of the Cauca River valley including the cities of Cali and Buenaventura, and the road between Cali and Buenaventura. - Tolima Department south of Espinal, especially if traveling after dark. - Road travel in Huila and Cauca Departments. The cities of Neiva and Popayan are considered to be safe if reached by air. Restrictions on U.S. Government Employees: Because of security concerns, U.S. government employees assigned to Colombia or temporarily visiting in connection with their official government duties face severe restrictions on travel within Colombia. Travel by such personnel to the areas of instability listed above is generally limited to essential official functions and must be authorized by the Embassy. Requests by Embassy personnel for travel by car outside the Santa Fe de Bogota metropolitan area are considered on a case by case basis. The official travel of all U.S. government personnel traveling to Colombia must be approved in advance by the U.S. Embassy. Terrorist Activities: Several terrorist or guerrilla groups are active in Colombia and U.S. interests are among their targets. Kidnapping for ransom or political purposes is increasing in Colombia. Several U.S. citizens have recently been kidnapped by guerrillas. In 1994, properties of churches identified with the U.S. were bombed in Bucaramanga, Cali and Medellin, and a bomb damaged a Coca-Cola bottling plant in Bucaramanga. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Colombia for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Firearms: Colombian law prohibits tourists and business travelers from importing or bringing firearms into Colombia. The penalty for illegal importation and/or possession of firearms is 3 to 10 years in prison. Aviation Oversight: In December 1991, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Colombia's Civil Aviation Authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Colombia's carriers operating to and from the U.S. The same level of safety oversight would typically be applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800- 322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: Upon arrival U.S. citizens are urged to register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Bogota at Calle 38 No. 8-61, telephone: (57-1) 320-1300 or the Consulate in Barranquilla at Calle 77, Carrera 68, Centro Comercial Mayorista, telephone: (57-58) 457- 088, and to obtain updated information on travel and security within Colombia. No. 94-255 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 2, 1994 by updating the warning and information on crime, terrorism and areas of instability. Show Map x8dot3 language Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights COLOMBIA Spanish (Latin American) ""2"2"2"2 "2"2"2"2"2 "2"2"2"2"2 "2"2"2"2"2 "OOBD B;O;B7 p;?""?%X p;%?%%?% ##?#%%# BB;;2OOBB #%?%# p;%%?%#% %,%[,% ;"O"JO" ["[,,[[2,% "O2"" ""2"" ;O2B"O" p;Oc9c9H ;9$9" p;B9$ 9JJ$c9; O;;B; BJ;2 p;BHOO2" `JO11" BJO"> ;JO2;OJ2 %%2%""%%J% "OO2B ,%%[%2,[,% JJ;J;B [%,[%%[, ;2B"J;O ;;J;;J;;O %,,%%"2""% p;?Q%Q%% X%Q%Q%Q J";;2 OO;B;JB 2[2,%"% [[%%\%% %,%%",% O;OBB; JOJJ;JJ 155B+ mLnjLLm 13133 ";O;2 ncmnL 8n8n8 JJHJJHJJHJ JHJJHJJHJJ HJJHJJHJJH JJHJJHJJHJ JHJJ;O 31313 OO";"O; 11,O" `1,OJ 2JJO 13131` O%O,%(0, 2OB>% ,&#"O B>JB#J0",> n^(n^n ,,D;5,J (^nn5 1GGnn 0;&5( nGG1n 5(,>,, ;OJJOO;J" 5(55( 5(55(5 5(55(5 5(55(5 5(553 2OJJ2 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` 1`1`1`1`1` mLcnm njmcj 8pmmp npmmpmc npcmpmc pcmpm npmmpmm pmmpm 133131Z1 jLmj8mpjcp [%["%[,%O, ,>3,, ,,&(, %,#[, %"%%,% >%"(", 2J"[""#,% %,%[%%[J#[ >%%O% %%>%"> (%>2%(% " B;" ,%">%(%%"% O;2BO ",%5,O J2O;2 5BBO,` %#%## 55O&`O "%%"%<2%"" [2,,%[%[[ %,,",,[[%% [,,#[J [,[%[[,+ ?J?"- B2OOB;&O 5,251 ,[,J%[[ ,[%,%%[,# ",,OO %[%,%[%, ,%,[%,[ 1"2O5` [",,[2,[%J #%[,,%J[ `,B"" &1152Z 2"OJ5` 2"O;& O,OB2 22J51` "2=2& ,,%,[% ,%,[%[[ %J2[,%, %2[[, ,"%%,%%J%[ !!`!W6 1515B" O,OOJ `1`1`1`1` (1`155OO5 O"2B,& OJJ2B ``5;,JJ ``15O `,J,2 15O2 ;""22 2J;5`U ,,1`55 `0,1`&`^ ;51,2 1;#511J %[,["2[,%, %[[,2[,,[ ,[2[,%,2 %,,",[,%,, `11`11 `1``1``11` 1``1`` J;J;p; ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K BOJ;; ,(&&( ((,,( 00(>( ((%%( &&,,( (D0>%, (J,%>(%%;0 ((0&& #,(&&( D,(%(%%>0; %%;>%J(D(> >JD(( 0(,(,,## 0%%DD00 ,,((&%%( %%#%# 0(,&& &,,((,, (,(&& ((,,0 >(,,(0,, (,,&& (>>;DD (%,J;DD ;(%%, ,(%%, 0%J(0 DD;%; ##,(,((, (,,#, &,,(>%>, ,,(>%>( ,(,,%,0 ,%%,&0 0,(,(, (,(>>(( (%%,& ,#,&& ##,&, &&,## ,##,& &(,#% (&&,,& ((,(( #,&(## ((,,( ,,((, ,%%(,(,,%& ,%%,( ,#%#, &%%>( ,%%,&, %>0(&&( ,(,,> &,#,((%( ,(%%, #%#%#%%# %XX%X (##,( %%#%% %% #% %2%#% #%#%% #%%Q# pp%%p !1#1!1#1!1 !1#1!1 #1!1Y1 1#1!1 1#1!1 1#1!1 `MjL[M& Comoros Map Button Image h/h/ THE WORLD FACTBOOK Comoros Geography Location: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique Map references: Africa Area: total area: 2,170 sq km land area: 2,170 sq km comparative area: slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 340 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claims French-administered Mayotte Climate: tropical marine; rainy season (November to May) Terrain: volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: 35% permanent crops: 8% meadows and pastures: 7% forest and woodland: 16% other: 34% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation natural hazards: cyclones and tsunamis possible during rainy season (December to April); Mount Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification Note: important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel THE WORLD FACTBOOK Comoros People Population: 549,338 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 131,334; male 132,327) 15-64 years: 49% (female 137,083; male 133,629) 65 years and over: 3% (female 7,860; male 7,105) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.56% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 46.22 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.6 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 77.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.27 years male: 56.04 years female: 60.57 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.73 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Comoran(s) adjective: Comoran Ethnic divisions: Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava Religions: Sunni Muslim 86%, Roman Catholic 14% Languages: Arabic (official), French (official), Comoran (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980) total population: 48% male: 56% female: 40% Labor force: 140,000 (1982) by occupation: agriculture 80%, government 3% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Comoros Government Names: conventional long form: Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros conventional short form: Comoros local long form: Republique Federale Islamique des Comores local short form: Comores Digraph: CN Type: independent republic Capital: Moroni Administrative divisions: three islands; Grand Comore (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali) note: there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni, Moroni, and Mutsamudu Independence: 6 July 1975 (from France) National holiday: Independence Day, 6 July (1975) Constitution: 7 June 1992 Legal system: French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Said Mohamed DJOHAR (since 11 March 1990); election last held 11 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996); results - Said Mohamed DJOHAR (UDZIMA) 55%, Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim (UNDC) 45% head of government: Prime Minister Halifa HOUMADI (since 13 October 1994); note - HOUMADI is the fifteenth prime minister appointed by President DJOHAR in the last three years cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral Federal Assembly (Assemblee Federale): elections last held 12-20 December 1993 (next to be held by NA January 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (42 total) Ruling Coalition: RDR 15, UNDC 5, MWANGAZA 2; Opposition: UDZIMA 8, other smaller parties 10; 2 seats remained unfilled Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Comoros Government Political parties and leaders: over 20 political parties are currently active, the most important of which are; Comoran Union for Progress (UDZIMA), Omar TAMOU; Islands' Fraternity and Unity Party (CHUMA), Said Ali KEMAL; Comoran Party for Democracy and Progress (PCDP), Ali MROUDJAE; Realizing Freedom's Capability (UWEZO), Mouazair ABDALLAH; Democratic Front of the Comoros (FDR), Moustapha CHELKH; Dialogue Proposition Action (DPA/MWANGAZA), Said MCHAWGAMA; Rally for Change and Democracy (RACHADE), Hassan HACHIM; Union for Democracy and Decentralization (UNDC), Mohamed Taki Halidi IBRAHAM; Rally for Democracy and Renewal (RDR); Comoran Popular Front (FPC), Mohamed HASSANALI, Mohamed El Arif OUKACHA, Abdou MOUSTAKIM (Secretary General) Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AL, CCC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamed Ahamadu DJIMBANAO (ambassador to the US and Canada) chancery: (temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the United Nations, 336 East 45th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 972-8010 FAX: [1] (212) 983-4712 US diplomatic representation: none; ambassador to Port Louis, Mauritius, is accredited to Comoros Flag: green with a white crescent in the center of the field, its points facing upward; there are four white five-pointed stars placed in a line between the points of the crescent; the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the design, the most recent of several, is described in the constitution approved by referendum on 7 June 1992 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Comoros Economy Overview: One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of several islands that have poor transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, is the leading sector of the economy. It contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for 90% of imports. The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Continued foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be reached in the late 1990s. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $370 million (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.9% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $700 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 15.8% (1989) Budget: revenues: $83 million expenditures: $92 million, including capital expenditures of $32 million (1992) Exports: $13.7 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra partners: US 44%, France 40%, Germany 6%, Africa 5% (1992) Imports: $40.9 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: rice and other foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement, consumer goods partners: France 34%, South Africa 14%, Kenya 8%, Japan 4% (1992) External debt: $160 million (1992 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -6.5% (1989 est.); accounts for 6% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 16,000 kW production: 17 million kWh consumption per capita: 27 kWh (1993) Industries: perfume distillation, textiles, furniture, jewelry, construction materials, soft drinks THE WORLD FACTBOOK Comoros Economy Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP; most of population works in subsistence agriculture and fishing; plantations produce cash crops for export - vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra; principal food crops - coconuts, bananas, cassava; world's leading producer of essence of ylang-ylang (for perfumes) and second-largest producer of vanilla; large net food importer Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY80-89), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $435 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $22 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $18 million Currency: 1 Comoran franc (CF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Comoran francs (CF) per US$1 - 297.07 (January 1995), 416.40 (1994), 254.57 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: beginning 12 January 1994, the Comoran franc was devalued to 75 per French franc from 50 per French franc at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Comoros Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 750 km paved: bituminous 210 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel 540 km Ports: Fomboni, Moroni, Mutsamudo Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 4 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Comoros Communications Telephone system: over 1,800 telephones; sparse system of radio relay and high-frequency radio communication stations for interisland and external communications to Madagascar and Reunion local: NA intercity: high frequency radio and microwave radio relay international: high frequency radio Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Comoros Defense Forces Branches: Comoran Security Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 117,349; males fit for military service 70,178 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP COMOROS ISLANDS - Passport and onward/return ticket required. Visa for up to 3 weeks (extendable) issued at airport upon arrival. For further information consult Embassy of the Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros, 336 East 45th St., 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10017 (212/972-8010). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Comoros ============================================================ Comoros - Consular Information Sheet February 3, 1995 Country Description: Comoros is a developing island nation located in the Indian Ocean, off the east coast of Africa. Facilities for tourism are limited. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Visas for stays of three weeks or less can be issued at the airport upon arrival, provided an onward/return ticket is presented. Further entry information may be obtained from the Mission and Embassy of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros, 336 E. 45th Street, Second Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone (212) 972-8010. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Comoros are limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental insurance, specifically including overseas coverage, has proved to be useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline; telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty thievery is not uncommon. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. U.S. Representation: The U.S. Embassy in Comoros closed September 27, 1993. U.S. citizens in Comoros needing assistance may contact the U.S. Embassy in Port Louis, Mauritius. The address is Rogers House (Fourth Floor) on John F. Kennedy Street. The telephone numbers are (230) 208-9764 through 208-9769, 208-2347 and 208-2354; fax (230) 208-9534. If more convenient, travelers may contact U.S. embassies in neighboring Dar Es Salaam, Nairobi or Antananarivo. No. 95-019 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 18, 1993, and is reissued without change following an annual review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights COMOROS language 1!1`1 1``11`1`1 11`S1 0551 `11`1 `1`1`1` `1`11 pOQ%?#?% #%X%?%# 2OJ;"J pO?%?%%# 00J;J;J pO%%?%#% ""22O pO%??#?? ""2"" "O"O202 pOJ9$$94 "OB;;B;; pO494422 2JO;B;0 Q??Q?? JJBO;O;" ``1`` JB22J 16`p` O2;O" pO?"2"22 "22"22" ;OJJ"JJ JJ;J;; pO?"X2X2 X2X2X2" mcmjLL ` #11 ``1`11`1 1`1`` (F+BJ KO:KG K2(F:KH KG2HF "OJ,OB; F:K:K:K:K :K:K:K:K:K :K:K:K:K:K :K:K:K:K:K :K:K:F1J ccmmccn cjmjm cLnjm n8npm 7LcpLn ncmmcn 11``11`1 11!`3``1` 11``1`` ##?# %?? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K oJHHOLb+ o2HH;g U+ C>HHJ$C j* %OO;?g =7;HH(L C;HH0 4p4;H; U;4HJ "HHOg V#BHB X;J>U V#JJH jbLjVLbV bjbVcLbVUU 7bLUUb gQH2Q9 N2O%?9C VJHHJgV g2HH;9 VJHHJ o%HHO CoQHH%N C%HHB9o oCoU$9 UCUp' H#OJ%Qg UQQX?% %HHJ>C U#HHO; UGmL$c6' QJ;Qg VQ%%Q JHHJg CJHH;HV N;HHODV gJHHJg g>HHB jj:jF FjbbjbLLjL LjjL& -f\!& LdU*9% Ubpp& pp*TpUb .cPPbb-f \\Eb* mE)Pp* UUppcV OOJ;; X'X6c ?X'X4 Ql^'XXB .1:cMd :1M1M" E[Ep^ QA^'XX !>? 6h'[ !ep [ g>cOX 1M11,M 0=`.. Y^p?hREp YQE^l^pEEc c ^X[X !c ?XJ' !>?X'XX E[X'X c ['X' p^'XX p^'\?^ p@X'[ [ M1=\hMcd\ wp l^ [J@j =jjpp Q ?c'XX'^ XX'X4 ['Xh' RX'XX'R XX4c; W^X'X 'X'XX AB'XX' XX''X MW@cX'Xc' kp?h'X' M3@X'[ 'X'^pX Q? 'XX X'^'^Xl cl^iX? #!M\'c'c Y!Y!Y; BjB=! QYQQ0 E AM #Ajj ?pj X'XXkRc Xc'Xc P#hX4X ?X'X?c p^'X' Yy?XX XElhX[ f1!1M>X@^ "::g: =1M!M= "`,1.:1 ,1;;f:=:`g .!11. !,`=. =T:(( (11!MMg OGd(( "d=,( Map Button Image Z8Z8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba Geography Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Florida Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 110,860 sq km land area: 110,860 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania Land boundaries: total 29 km, US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba Coastline: 3,735 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October) Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum Land use: arable land: 23% permanent crops: 6% meadows and pastures: 23% forest and woodland: 17% other: 31% Irrigated land: 8,960 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: pollution of Havana Bay; overhunting threatens wildlife populations; deforestation natural hazards: the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba Geography international agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation Note: largest country in Caribbean THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba People Population: 10,937,635 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 22% (female 1,191,320; male 1,256,928) 15-64 years: 68% (female 3,732,434; male 3,751,464) 65 years and over: 10% (female 528,104; male 477,385) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.65% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 14.54 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.53 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -1.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 8.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.05 years male: 74.86 years female: 79.37 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.63 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Cuban(s) adjective: Cuban Ethnic divisions: mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1% Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 85% prior to Castro assuming power Languages: Spanish Literacy: age 15-49 and over can read and write (1981) total population: 98% Labor force: 4,620,800 economically active population (1988); 3,578,800 in state sector by occupation: services and government 30%, industry 22%, agriculture 20%, commerce 11%, construction 10%, transportation and communications 7% (June 1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Cuba conventional short form: Cuba local long form: Republica de Cuba local short form: Cuba Digraph: CU Type: Communist state Capital: Havana Administrative divisions: 14 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara Independence: 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902) National holiday: Rebellion Day, 26 July (1953) Constitution: 24 February 1976 Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 16 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (Prime Minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; President since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976) cabinet: Council of Ministers; proposed by the president of the Council of State, appointed by the National Assembly Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power: (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular) elections last held February 1993 (next to be held NA); seats - 589 total, elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions Judicial branch: People's Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo Popular) Political parties and leaders: only party - Cuban Communist Party (PCC), Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary Member of: CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba Government Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Principal Officer Alfonso FRAGA PEREZ (since August 1992) represented by the Cuban Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Washington, DC chancery: 2630 and 2639 16th Street NW, Cuban Interests Section, Swiss Embassy, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 797-8609, 8610, 8615 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Principal Officer Joseph G. SULLIVAN US Interests Section: USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada Entre L Y M, Vedado Seccion, Havana mailing address: use street address telephone: 33-3551 through 3559, 33-3543 through 3547, 33-3700 (operator assistance required) FAX: Telex 512206 note: protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland - US Interests Section, Swiss Embassy Flag: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white five-pointed star in the center THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba Economy Overview: Cuba's heavily statist economy remains severely depressed as the result of its own inefficiencies and the loss of massive amounts of economic aid from the former Soviet Bloc. Total output in 1994 was only about half the output of 1989. The fall in output and in imports is reflected in the deterioration of food supplies, shortages of electricity, inability to get spare parts, and the replacement of motor-driven vehicles by bicycles and draft animals. Higher world market prices for sugar and nickel in 1994, however, resulted in a slight increase in export earnings for the first time in six years, despite lower production of both commodities. The growth of tourism slowed in late 1994 as a result of negative publicity surrounding the exodus of Cubans from the island and other international factors. The government continued its aggressive search for foreign investment and announced preliminary agreements to form large joint ventures with Mexican investors in telecommunications and oil refining. In mid-1994, the National Assembly began introducing several new taxes and price increases to stem growing excess liquidity and restore some of the peso's value as a monetary instrument. In October the government attempted to stimulate food production by permitting the sale of any surplus production (over state quotas) at unrestricted prices at designated markets. Similar but much smaller markets were also introduced for the sale of manufactured goods in December. The various government measures have influenced a remarkable appreciation of the black market value of the peso, from more than 100 pesos to the dollar in September 1994 to 40 pesos to the dollar in early 1995. Policy discussions continue in the bureaucracy over the proper pace and scope of economic reform. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $14 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,260 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $9.3 billion expenditures: $12.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: sugar, nickel, shellfish, tobacco, medical products, citrus, coffee partners: Russia 15%, Canada 9%, China 8%, Egypt 6%, Spain 5%, Japan 4%, Morocco 4% (1994 est.) Imports: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals partners: Spain 17%, Mexico 10%, France 8%, China 8%, Venezuela 7%, Italy 4%, Canada 3%, (1994 est.) External debt: $10.8 billion (convertible currency, December 1993) Industrial production: growth rate NA% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba Economy Electricity: capacity: 3,990,000 kW production: 12 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,022 kWh (1993) Industries: sugar milling and refining, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals (particularly nickel), cement, fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery Agriculture: key commercial crops - sugarcane, tobacco, and citrus fruits; other products - coffee, rice, potatoes, meat, beans; world's largest sugar exporter; not self-sufficient in food (excluding sugar); sector hurt by persistent shortages of fuels and parts Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $710 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $18.5 billion Currency: 1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (non-convertible, official rate, linked to the US dollar) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba Transportation Railroads: total: 12,623 km standard gauge: 4,881 km 1.435-m gauge (151.7 km electrified) other: 7,742 km 0.914- and 1.435-m gauge for sugar plantation lines Highways: total: 26,477 km paved: 14,477 km unpaved: gravel or earth 12,000 km (1989) Inland waterways: 240 km Ports: Cienfuegos, La Habana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Santiago de Cuba Merchant marine: total: 48 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 278,103 GRT/396,138 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 22, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 10, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 9 note: Cuba beneficially owns an additional 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 215,703 DWT under the registry of Panama, Cyprus, Malta, and Mauritius Airports: total: 181 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 7 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 10 with paved runways under 914 m: 106 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 36 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba Communications Telephone system: 229,000 telephones; 20.7 telephones/1,000 persons; among the world's least developed telephone systems local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 150, FM 5, shortwave 0 radios: 2.14 million Television: broadcast stations: 58 televisions: 1.53 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cuba Defense Forces Branches: Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) includes ground forces, Revolutionary Navy (MGR), Air and Air Defense Force (DAAFAR), Territorial Militia Troops (MTT), and Youth Labor Army (EJT); Interior Ministry Border Guards (TGF), Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,065,751; females age 15-49 3,023,997; males fit for military service 1,909,901; females fit for military service 1,878,768; males reach military age (17) annually 72,582; females reach military age (17) annually 69,361 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - approx. $600 million, 4% of GSP (gross social product) in 1994 was for defense Note: Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba, cut off military aid by 1993 KCUBA - Passport and visa required. Tourist visa $26, business visa $36, valid up to 6 months, requires 1 application and photo. Send money order only and SASE for return of passport. Apply Cuban Interests Section, 2639 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/797-8609 or 8518). AIDS test required for those staying longer than 90 days. Attention: U.S. citizens need a Treasury Dept. license in order to engage in any transactions related to travel to and within Cuba. Before planning any travel to Cuba, U.S. citizens should contact the Licensing Division, Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the Treasury, 1331 G St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20220 (202/622-2480). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cuba ============================================================ Cuba - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Cuba is a developing country under the communist rule of Fidel Castro. The United States has no direct diplomatic relations with Cuba. Entry Requirements/Travel Transaction Limitations: The Cuban Assets Control Regulations of the U.S. Treasury Department require that persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction have a license to engage in any transactions related to travel to, from and within Cuba. Transactions related to tourist and business travel are not licensable. This restriction includes tourist or business travel from or through a third country such as Mexico or Canada. Visitors who attempt to enter Cuba without the proper documentation are subject to detention and arrest by the Cuban government. Transactions are authorized by general license for U.S. and foreign government officials traveling on official business, including representatives of international organizations of which the United States is a member; journalists regularly employed by a news reporting organization; and family visitors traveling once a year due to extreme humanitarian needs. The Treasury Department will consider specific licenses on a case-by-case basis for other humanitarian travel including cases of extreme hardship relating to close relatives, for telecommunications activities, and for travel in connection with professional research and similar activities. Additional information may be obtained by contacting the Licensing Division, Office of Foreign Assets Control, at the U.S. Department of the Treasury (202-622-2480). Failure to comply with these regulations could result in civil penalties and criminal prosecution upon return to the United States. Should a traveler receive a license, a passport and visa are required for entry to Cuba. For current information on Cuban entry and customs requirements, travelers may contact the Cuban Interests Section, an office of the Cuban government located at 2630 16th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, tel: (202) 797-8518. Entry into and exit from Cuba is strictly controlled by Cuban authorities. Attempts to enter or exit Cuba illegally or to aid the illegal exit of Cuban nationals are punishable by jail terms of up to 5 years. Entering Cuban territory, territorial waters or airspace without prior authorization from the Cuban government may result in arrest or other enforcement action by Cuban authorities for violation of Cuban law. Any vessel or aircraft that enters the 12-mile limit off Cuba would be inside Cuban territorial waters or airspace and thus subject to the jurisdiction of the Cuban government. If persons enter Cuban territorial waters or airspace without prior permission, they may place themselves and others at serious personal risk. Medical Facilities: Medical care does not meet U.S. standards. Many U.S. medications are unavailable. It is useful for travelers to Cuba to bring with them any prescribed medicine which is for their personal use. A copy of the prescription and a letter from the physician explaining the need for prescription drugs will facilitate entry into the country. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance providing specific overseas coverage has proved useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559 or the CDC fax information service at (404) 332-4565. Crime Information: The continued deterioration in the Cuban economy has led to an increase in crimes directed against foreigners. Foreigners are prime targets for purse snatchings, pickpocketing and thefts from hotel rooms, beaches, historic sites and other attractions. For up-to-date information, contact the American Citizens Services Unit at the U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy, located in Havana at Calzada between L&M, Vedado; telephone 33-3550 through 33-3559. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations (Cuba): Since the Cuban government legalized the use of dollars in July 1993, U.S. dollars are accepted for all transactions. Currency Regulations (U.S.): Only official government travelers traveling on official business, including representatives of international organizations of which the United States is a member, journalists, and family visitors traveling once a year due to extreme humanitarian need may spend money on travel to Cuba without obtaining special permission from the Treasury Department; such expenditures may only be for travel-related expenses at a rate not exceeding $100 per day. U.S. Treasury Department regulations now prohibit remittances, including family remittances, without a specific license from the Office of Foreign Assets Control. The only exception is the transfer of up to $1000 to pay travel expenses for a Cuban national who has been granted a U.S. immigrant visa by the State Department. For further information, travelers may contact the Office of Foreign Assets Control. Credit Card Restrictions: U.S. citizens and permanent resident aliens are prohibited from using credit cards in Cuba. U.S. credit card companies will not accept vouchers from Cuba, and Cuban shops, hotels and other places of business do not accept U.S. credit cards. Personal checks drawn on U.S. banks may not be accepted in Cuba. Travelers checks are sometimes acceptable, however. Dual Nationality: The government of Cuba considers all Cuban-born U.S. citizens to be solely Cuban citizens. The Cuban government does not recognize the right or obligation of the U.S. government to protect dual U.S./Cuban citizens and has consistently denied U.S.consular officers the right to visit incarcerated dual U.S./Cuban nationals to ascertain their welfare and proper treatment under Cuban law. Dual U.S./Cuban nationals are required by Cuban law to enter and depart Cuba using Cuban passports. Using a Cuban passport for this purpose does not jeopardize one's U.S. citizenship; however, such persons must use their U.S. passports to enter and depart the U.S. and to transit any countries en route. Dual U.S./Cuban nationals may be subject to a range of restrictions and obligations, including military service, in Cuba. Restriction on Photography: Photographing military or police installations or personnel, or harbor, rail and airport facilities is forbidden. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for the possession, use, and dealing of illegal drugs are severe, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences. Those accused of drug-related and other crimes can expect lengthy legal proceedings and delayed due process. U.S. Representation/Registration: The United States does not maintain an Embassy in Cuba. U.S. citizens who travel to Cuba may contact and register with the U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy, located in Havana at Calzada between L&M, Vedado; telephone 33-3550 through 33-3559. There is no access to the U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo from within Cuba. U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Interests Section in Havana may obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Transportation and communication within Cuba, including Havana, can be extremely difficult. Telephone service within Cuba and between Cuba and the United States is poor. It may therefore be difficult for the U.S. Interests Section in Havana to assist distressed U.S. citizens, should an emergency arise. No. 95-146 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 8, 1994, to add information concerning travel limitations and entry requirements and to change the amount of transferable travel expenses for Cuban nationals. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cuba ============================================================ Cuba - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Cuba is a developing country under the communist rule of Fidel Castro. The United States has no direct diplomatic relations with Cuba. Entry Requirements/Travel Transaction Limitations: The Cuban Assets Control Regulations of the U.S. Treasury Department require that persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction have a license to engage in any transactions related to travel to, from and within Cuba. Transactions related to tourist and business travel are not licensable. This restriction includes tourist or business travel from or through a third country such as Mexico or Canada. Visitors who attempt to enter Cuba without the proper documentation are subject to detention and arrest by the Cuban government. Transactions are authorized by general license for U.S. and foreign government officials traveling on official business, including representatives of international organizations of which the United States is a member; journalists regularly employed by a news reporting organization; and family visitors traveling once a year due to extreme humanitarian needs. The Treasury Department will consider specific licenses on a case-by-case basis for other humanitarian travel including cases of extreme hardship relating to close relatives, for telecommunications activities, and for travel in connection with professional research and similar activities. Additional information may be obtained by contacting the Licensing Division, Office of Foreign Assets Control, at the U.S. Department of the Treasury (202-622-2480). Failure to comply with these regulations could result in civil penalties and criminal prosecution upon return to the United States. Should a traveler receive a license, a passport and visa are required for entry to Cuba. For current information on Cuban entry and customs requirements, travelers may contact the Cuban Interests Section, an office of the Cuban government located at 2630 16th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, tel: (202) 797-8518. Entry into and exit from Cuba is strictly controlled by Cuban authorities. Attempts to enter or exit Cuba illegally or to aid the illegal exit of Cuban nationals are punishable by jail terms of up to 5 years. Entering Cuban territory, territorial waters or airspace without prior authorization from the Cuban government may result in arrest or other enforcement action by Cuban authorities for violation of Cuban law. Any vessel or aircraft that enters the 12-mile limit off Cuba would be inside Cuban territorial waters or airspace and thus subject to the jurisdiction of the Cuban government. If persons enter Cuban territorial waters or airspace without prior permission, they may place themselves and others at serious personal risk. Medical Facilities: Medical care does not meet U.S. standards. Many U.S. medications are unavailable. It is useful for travelers to Cuba to bring with them any prescribed medicine which is for their personal use. A copy of the prescription and a letter from the physician explaining the need for prescription drugs will facilitate entry into the country. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance providing specific overseas coverage has proved useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559 or the CDC fax information service at (404) 332-4565. Crime Information: The continued deterioration in the Cuban economy has led to an increase in crimes directed against foreigners. Foreigners are prime targets for purse snatchings, pickpocketing and thefts from hotel rooms, beaches, historic sites and other attractions. For up-to-date information, contact the American Citizens Services Unit at the U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy, located in Havana at Calzada between L&M, Vedado; telephone 33-3550 through 33-3559. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations (Cuba): Since the Cuban government legalized the use of dollars in July 1993, U.S. dollars are accepted for all transactions. Currency Regulations (U.S.): Only official government travelers traveling on official business, including representatives of international organizations of which the United States is a member, journalists, and family visitors traveling once a year due to extreme humanitarian need may spend money on travel to Cuba without obtaining special permission from the Treasury Department; such expenditures may only be for travel-related expenses at a rate not exceeding $100 per day. U.S. Treasury Department regulations now prohibit remittances, including family remittances, without a specific license from the Office of Foreign Assets Control. The only exception is the transfer of up to $1000 to pay travel expenses for a Cuban national who has been granted a U.S. immigrant visa by the State Department. For further information, travelers may contact the Office of Foreign Assets Control. Credit Card Restrictions: U.S. citizens and permanent resident aliens are prohibited from using credit cards in Cuba. U.S. credit card companies will not accept vouchers from Cuba, and Cuban shops, hotels and other places of business do not accept U.S. credit cards. Personal checks drawn on U.S. banks may not be accepted in Cuba. Travelers checks are sometimes acceptable, however. Dual Nationality: The government of Cuba considers all Cuban-born U.S. citizens to be solely Cuban citizens. The Cuban government does not recognize the right or obligation of the U.S. government to protect dual U.S./Cuban citizens and has consistently denied U.S.consular officers the right to visit incarcerated dual U.S./Cuban nationals to ascertain their welfare and proper treatment under Cuban law. Dual U.S./Cuban nationals are required by Cuban law to enter and depart Cuba using Cuban passports. Using a Cuban passport for this purpose does not jeopardize one's U.S. citizenship; however, such persons must use their U.S. passports to enter and depart the U.S. and to transit any countries en route. Dual U.S./Cuban nationals may be subject to a range of restrictions and obligations, including military service, in Cuba. Restriction on Photography: Photographing military or police installations or personnel, or harbor, rail and airport facilities is forbidden. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for the possession, use, and dealing of illegal drugs are severe, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences. Those accused of drug-related and other crimes can expect lengthy legal proceedings and delayed due process. U.S. Representation/Registration: The United States does not maintain an Embassy in Cuba. U.S. citizens who travel to Cuba may contact and register with the U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy, located in Havana at Calzada between L&M, Vedado; telephone 33-3550 through 33-3559. There is no access to the U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo from within Cuba. U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Interests Section in Havana may obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Transportation and communication within Cuba, including Havana, can be extremely difficult. Telephone service within Cuba and between Cuba and the United States is poor. It may therefore be difficult for the U.S. Interests Section in Havana to assist distressed U.S. citizens, should an emergency arise. No. 95-146 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 8, 1994, to add information concerning travel limitations and entry requirements and to change the amount of transferable travel expenses for Cuban nationals. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 language Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights Spanish (Latin American) #;00$ 1``1`` ?#%?%#? ? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; 676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 L/N$Nd$N N$dd. *E*Ep \\Ep# ppPjE 1,1,. ;;hr8 jEu8G !`O66FR6R FQrh6hF6 IIPIQFR6hr IrF8[Q ="J8F HrFZE .((key kekek %$q,p Cyprus Map Button Image J THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus Geography Location: Middle East, island in the Mediterreanean Sea, south of Turkey Map references: Middle East Area: total area: 9,250 sq km (note - 3,355 sq km are in the Turkish area) land area: 9,240 sq km comparative area: about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 648 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: 1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto autonomous areas, a Greek area controlled by the Cypriot Government (59% of the island's land area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (37% of the island), that are separated by a UN buffer zone (4% of the island); there are two UK sovereign base areas within the Greek Cypriot portion of the island Climate: temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters Terrain: central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment Land use: arable land: 40% permanent crops: 7% meadows and pastures: 10% forest and woodland: 18% other: 25% Irrigated land: 350 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, and most potable resources concentrated in the Turkish Cypriot area); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization natural hazards: moderate earthquake activity international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus People Population: total: 736,636 (July 1995 est.) (78% Greek, 18% Turk, 4% other) Greek area: 602,656 (July 1995 est.) (94.9% Greek, 0.3% Turk, 4.8% other) Turkish area: 133,980 (July 1995 est.) (2.1% Greek, 97.7% Turk, 0.2% other) Age structure: 0-14 years: 26% (female 92,179; male 97,723) 15-64 years: 64% (female 234,929; male 236,693) 65 years and over: 10% (female 42,190; male 32,922) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.88% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 16.27 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.47 years male: 74.19 years female: 78.85 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.3 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Cypriot(s) adjective: Cypriot Ethnic divisions: total: Greek 78% (99.5% of the Greeks live in the Greek area; 0.5% of the Greeks live in the Turkish area), Turkish 18% (1.3% of the Turks live in the Greek area; 98.7% of the Turks live in the Turkish area), other 4% (99.2% of the other ethnic groups live in the Greek area; 0.8% of the other ethnic groups live in the Turkish area) Religions: Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian Apostolic, and other 4% Languages: Greek, Turkish, English Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1987 est.) total population: 94% male: 98% female: 91% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus People Labor force: Greek area: 285,500 by occupation: services 57%, industry 29%, agriculture 14% (1992) Turkish area: 74,000 by occupation: services 52%, industry 23%, agriculture 25% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus conventional short form: Cyprus note: the Turkish area refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic" or the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" Abbreviation: the Turkish area is sometimes referred to as the TRNC which is short for "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" Digraph: CY Type: republic note: a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot President Rauf DENKTASH declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), which has been recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly call for the resolution of intercommunal differences and creation of a new federal system of government Capital: Nicosia note: the Turkish area's capital is Lefkosa (Nicosia) Administrative divisions: 6 districts; Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos; note - Turkish area administrative divisions include Kyrenia, all but a small part of Famagusta, and small parts of Nicosia and Larnaca Independence: 16 August 1960 (from UK) note: Turkish area proclaimed self-rule on NA February 1975 from Republic of Cyprus National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October note: Turkish area celebrates 15 November as Independence Day Constitution: 16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and to better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently; in 1975 Turkish Cypriots created their own Constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which was renamed the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" in 1983; a new Constitution for the Turkish area passed by referendum on 5 May 1985 Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Glafcos CLERIDES (since 28 February 1993); election last held 14 February 1993 (next to be held February 1998); results - Glafkos CLERIDES 50.3%, George VASSILIOU 49.7% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus Government cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed jointly by the president and vice-president note: Rauf R. DENKTASH has been president of the Turkish area since 13 February 1975; Hakki ATUN has been prime minister of the Turkish area since 1 January 1994; there is a Council of Ministers (cabinet) in the Turkish area; elections last held 15 and 22 April 1995 (next to be held April 2000); results - Rauf R. DENKTASH 62.5%, Dervis EROGLU 37.5% Legislative branch: unicameral Greek area: House of Representatives (Vouli Antiprosopon): elections last held 19 May 1991 (next to be held NA); results - DISY 35.8%, AKEL (Communist) 30.6%, DIKO 19.5%, EDEK 10.9%; others 3.2%; seats - (56 total) DISY 20, AKEL (Communist) 18, DIKO 11, EDEK 7 Turkish area: Assembly of the Republic (Cumhuriyet Meclisi): elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA); results - UBP 29.9%, DP 29.2%, CTP 24.2% TKP 13.3%, others 3.4%; seats - (50 total) UBP (conservative) 15, DP 16, CTP 13, TKP 5, UDP 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court; note - there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish area Political parties and leaders: Greek area: Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL, Communist Party), Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS; Democratic Rally (DISY), John MATSIS; Democratic Party (DIKO), Spyros KYPRIANOU; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos LYSSARIDIS; Socialist Democratic Renewal Movement (ADISOK), Mikhalis PAPAPETROU; Liberal Party, Nikos ROLANDIS; Free Democrats, George VASSILIOU Turkish area: National Unity Party (UBP), Dervis EROGLU; Communal Liberation Party (TKP), Mustafa AKINCI; Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker OZGUR; New Cyprus Party (YKP), Alpay DURDURAN; Free Democratic Party (HDP), Ismet KOTAK; National Justice Party (MAP), Zorlu TORE; Unity and Sovereignty Party (BEP), Arif Salih KIRDAG; Democratic Party (DP), Hakki ATUN; Fatherland Party (VP), Orhan UCOK; National Birth Party (UDP); the HDP, MAP, and VP merged under the label National Struggle Unity Party (MMBP) to compete in the 12 December 1993 legislative election Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON, Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA, Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK, pro-West); Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO, Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK, pro-West); Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions (Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is) Member of: C, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Andreas J. JACOVIDES chancery: 2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 462-5772 consulate(s) general: New York note: Representative of the Turkish area in the US is Namik KORMAN, office at 1667 K Street NW, Washington, DC, telephone [1] (202) 887-6198 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus Government US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Richard A. BOUCHER embassy: corner of Metochiou and Ploutarchou Streets, Engomi, Nicosia mailing address: P. O. Box 4536 APO AE 09836 telephone: [357] (2) 476100 FAX: [357] (2) 465944 Flag: white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities note: the Turkish Cypriot flag has a horizontal red stripe at the top and bottom between which is a red crescent and red star on a white field THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus Economy Overview: The Greek Cypriot economy is small, diversified, and prosperous. Industry contributes 14% to GDP and employs 29% of the labor force, while the service sector contributes 53% to GDP and employs 57% of the labor force. An average 6.8% rise in real GDP between 1986 and 1990 was temporarily checked in 1991, because of the adverse effects of the Gulf war on tourism. After surging 8.5% in 1992, growth slowed to 2.0% in 1993 - its lowest level in two decades - because of the decline in tourist arrivals associated with the recession in Western Europe, Cyprus' main trading partner, and the loss in export competitiveness due to a sharp rise in unit labor costs. Real GDP is likely to have picked up in 1994, and inflation is estimated to have risen to between 5% and 6%. The Turkish Cypriot economy has less than one-third the per capita GDP of the south. Because it is recognized only by Turkey, it has had much difficulty arranging foreign financing, and foreign firms have hesitated to invest there. The economy remains heavily dependent on agriculture, which employs one-quarter of the work force. Moreover, because the Turkish lira is legal tender, the Turkish Cypriot economy has suffered the same high inflation as mainland Turkey. The small, vulnerable economy is estimated to have experienced a sharp drop in growth during 1994 because of the severe economic crisis affecting the mainland. To compensate for the economy's weakness, Turkey provides direct and indirect aid to nearly every sector; financial support has risen in value to about one-third of Turkish Cypriot GDP. National product: Greek area: GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (1994 est.) Turkish area: GDP - purchasing power parity - $510 million (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: Greek area: 5% (1994 est.) Turkish area: -4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: Greek area: $12,500 (1994 est.) Turkish area: $3,500 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): Greek area: 4.8% (1993) Turkish area: 63.4% (1992) Unemployment rate: Greek area: 2.3% (1993) Turkish area: 1.2% (1992) Budget: revenues: Greek area - $1.8 billion Turkish area - $285 million expenditures: Greek area - $2.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $400 million Turkish area - $377 million, including capital expenditures of $80 million (1995 est.) Exports: $868 million (f.o.b., 1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus Economy commodities: citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and shoes partners: UK 18%, Greece 9%, Lebanon 14%, Germany 6% Imports: $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery partners: UK 13%, Japan 9%, Italy 10%, Germany 8%, US 8% External debt: $2.4 billion (1993) Industrial production: growth rate 0.1% (1993); accounts for 14% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 550,000 kW production: 2.3 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,903 kWh (1993) Industries: food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood products Agriculture: contributes 6% to GDP and employs 25% of labor force in the south; major crops - potatoes, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, citrus fruits; vegetables and fruit provide 25% of export revenues Illicit drugs: transit point for heroin via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $292 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $250 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $62 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $24 million Currency: 1 Cypriot pound (#C) = 100 cents; 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus Exchange rates: Cypriot pounds per $US1 - 0.4725 (January 1995), 0.4915 (1994), 0.4970 (1993), 0.4502 (1992), 0.4615 (1991), 0.4572 (1990); Turkish liras (TL) per US$1 - 37,444.1 (December 1994), 29,608.7 (1994), 10,984.6 (1993), 6,872.4 (1992), 4,171.8 (1991), 2,608.6 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: Greek area: *** No data for this item *** total: 10,448 km paved: 5,694 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, earth 4,754 km (1992) Turkish area: *** No data for this item *** total: 6,116 km paved: 5,278 km unpaved: 838 km Ports: Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos Bay Merchant marine: total: 1,446 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 22,911,818 GRT/39,549,216 DWT ships by type: bulk 473, cargo 530, chemical tanker 28, combination bulk 55, combination ore/oil 24, container 92, liquefied gas tanker 3, multifunction large-load carrier 5, oil tanker 120, passenger 5, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 58, roll-on/roll-off cargo 33, short-sea passenger 14, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 2 note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 48 countries among which are ships of Greece 705, Germany 174, Russia 56, Netherlands 45, Japan 27, Belgium 25, UK 21, Spain 17, Switzerland 14, Hong Kong 13 Airports: total: 15 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 4 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus Communications Telephone system: 210,000 telephones; excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; largely open-wire and microwave radio relay local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay international: international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables, and 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT earth station Radio: Greek sector: NA broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 8, shortwave 0 radios: NA Turkish sector: NA broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 6, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: Greek sector: NA broadcast stations: 1 (repeaters 34) televisions: NA Turkish sector: NA broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Cyprus Defense Forces Branches: Greek area: Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; includes air and naval elements), Greek Cypriot Police Turkish area: Turkish Cypriot Security Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 188,231; males fit for military service 129,397; males reach military age (18) annually 5,467 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $457 million, 5.6% of GDP (1995) CYPRUS - Passport required. Tourist/business visa issued on arrival for stay up to 3 months. Departure tax of $8 paid at airport. AIDS test required for certain entertainers; U.S. test accepted. For other information consult Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus, 2211 R St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/462-5772) or nearest Consulate: CA (213/397-0771), LA (504/388-8701) or New York (212/686-6016). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Cyprus ============================================================ Cyprus - Consular Information Sheet July 12, 1995 Country Description: Cyprus is a developed Mediterranean island nation divided "de facto" into two areas. The government of the Republic of Cyprus is the internationally recognized authority on the island but, in practice, its control extends only to the Greek Cypriot southern part of the island. The northern area operates under an autonomous Turkish Cypriot administrative zone supported by Turkish troops. In 1983, this section declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", which is recognized only by Turkey. Facilities for tourism in the southern sector are highly developed; those in the northern Turkish-controlled zone, while adequate, tend to be smaller and less modern. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Tourist and business visas are issued at the port of entry for a stay of up to three months. Proof of an AIDS test is required of certain entertainers. For additional information concerning entry requirements for Cyprus, travelers can contact the Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus at 2211 R Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20008, Tel: (202) 462-5772, or the Consulate in New York, 13 E. 40th St., New York, New York, 10016, tel: (212) 686-6016. Medical Facilities: Good medical facilities are available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline on (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Cyprus has a low rate of crime. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Cyprus, the penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Terrorist Activities: While civil disorder is uncommon in Cyprus, demonstrations sometimes occur, and there have been occasional violent incidents along the "green line" dividing the two sides of the island. Terrorist groups from the Middle East have occasionally used Cyprus as a site for carrying out acts of terrorism against third country targets. Dual Nationality: U.S. citizens whom the Cypriot government considers to be Cypriot citizens could be subject to compulsory military service and other aspects of Cypriot law while in Cyprus. Those who may be affected can inquire at the Cypriot Embassy regarding their status. In some instances, dual nationality may hamper U.S. government efforts to provide protection abroad. Other Information: Since 1974, the Cypriot government has designated Larnaca and Paphos international airports, and the seaports of Limassol, Larnaca, and Paphos as the only legal points of entry into and exit from Cyprus. These ports are all in the government-controlled southern part of the island. Entry or exit via any other air- or seaport is not authorized by the Cypriot government. It is possible for visitors to arrive at non-designated airports and seaports in the northern sector, but they should not expect to cross the United Nations-patrolled "green line" to the government controlled areas in the south. Such travel is not permitted by the government of Cyprus, even for transit purposes. Visitors arriving through designated ports of entry may be able to cross into the north for short day trips. Policy and procedures regarding such travel are subject to change. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy and obtain updated information on travel and security in Cyprus. The U.S. Embassy in Nicosia is located at Metochiou and Ploutarchou Street, Engomi, telephone (3572) 476100. No. 95-079 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued May 24, 1994, to reflect an annual review, with a change in the list of Cypriot consulates in the United States. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Greek Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights CYPRUS \php{G language M;00$ ?%?%%? %%X%#?#% 22OBB"O"2" %%"Q% #?%?"X?" X%??%# %Q?X"Q%? O;0"BOB;J ?#%??%? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; me=eL FOc7:"p L6mjp^; cK:jj bFFb:G 6mpD@b+ HFp0,J ";T:K]* e8c.c.8.8 cLL/2 bdVj% ;8e2" `33]; 3`3B< %33 = = 3"= 8hTh8NG usM=d 88>.O t8N}" n^ZZX OddT0I 8N88uu GOThm O,e d ..M[] hhynZ 8bYgT \:QFh[W NN> ;!06; ZZ6FRb 8TM^2 ~9988k n^AB^r n^6nr Czech Republic Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights CZECH_RE x8dot3 T=T= THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic Geography Location: Central Europe, southeast of Germany Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe Area: total area: 78,703 sq km land area: 78,645 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than South Carolina Land boundaries: total 1,880 km, Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 214 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: Liechtenstein claims restitution for l,600 square kilometers of Czech territory confiscated from its royal family in 1918; Sudeten German claims for restitution of property confiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II versus the Czech Republic claims that restitution does not preceed before February 1948 when the Communists seized power; unresolved property issues with Slovakia over redistribution of property of the former Czechoslovak federal government Climate: temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters Terrain: two main regions: Bohemia in the west, consisting of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; and Moravia in the east, consisting of very hilly country Natural resources: hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite Land use: arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% other: NA% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia centered around Zeplica and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests natural hazards: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic Geography international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea Note: landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic People Population: 10,432,774 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 19% (female 981,918; male 1,030,003) 15-64 years: 68% (female 3,529,411; male 3,530,112) 65 years and over: 13% (female 848,599; male 512,731) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.26% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 13.46 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.85 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 8.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.54 years male: 69.87 years female: 77.41 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.84 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Czech(s) adjective: Czech note: 300,000 Slovaks declared themselves Czech citizens in 1994 Ethnic divisions: Czech 94.4%, Slovak 3%, Polish 0.6%, German 0.5%, Gypsy 0.3%, Hungarian 0.2%, other 1% Religions: atheist 39.8%, Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4% Languages: Czech, Slovak Literacy: can read and write total population: 99% Labor force: 5.389 million by occupation: industry 37.9%, agriculture 8.1%, construction 8.8%, communications and other 45.2% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic Government Names: conventional long form: Czech Republic conventional short form: Czech Republic local long form: Ceska Republika local short form: Cechy Digraph: EZ Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Prague Administrative divisions: 8 regions (kraje, kraj - singular); Jihocesky, Jihomoravsky, Praha, Severocesky, Severomoravsky, Stredocesky, Vychodocesky, Zapadocesky Independence: 1 January 1993 (from Czechoslovakia) National holiday: National Liberation Day, 9 May; Founding of the Republic, 28 October Constitution: ratified 16 December 1992; effective 1 January 1993 Legal system: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Vaclav HAVEL (since 26 January 1993); election last held 26 January 1993 (next to be held NA January 1998); results - Vaclav HAVEL elected by the National Council head of government: Prime Minister Vaclav KLAUS (since NA June 1992); Deputy Prime Ministers Ivan KOCARNIK, Josef LUX, Jan KALVODA (since NA June 1992) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral National Council (Narodni rada) Senate: elections not yet held; seats (81 total) Chamber of Deputies: elections last held 5-6 June 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA given breakup and realignment of all parliamentary opposition parties since 1992; seats - (200 total) governing coalition: ODS 65, KDS 10, ODA 16, KDU-CSL 15, opposition: CSSD 18, LB 25, KSCM 10, LSU 9, LSNS 5, CMSS 9, SPR-RSC 6, independents 12 Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court Political parties and leaders: governing coalition: Civic Democratic Party (ODS), Vaclav KLAUS, chairman; Christian Democratic Party (KDS), Ivan PILIP, chairman; Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA), Jan KALVODA, chairman; Christian Democratic Union/Czech People's Party (KDU-CSL), Josef LUX, chairman THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic Government opposition: Czech Social Democrats (CSSD - left opposition), Milos ZEMAN, chairman; Left Bloc (LB - left opposition), Marie STIBOROVA, chairman; Communist Party (KSCM - left opposition), Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman; Liberal Social Union (LSU - left opposition), Frantisek TRNKA, chairman; Liberal National Social Party (LSNS - center party), Pavel HIRS, chairman; Bohemian-Moravian Center Party (CMSS - center party), Jan KYCER, chairman; Assembly for the Republic (SPR-RSC - right radical) , Miroslav SLADEK, chairman Other political or pressure groups: Czech-Moravian Chamber of Trade Unions; Civic Movement Member of: Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE (guest), CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NSG, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Michael ZANTOVSKY chancery: 3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 363-6315, 6316 FAX: [1] (202) 966-8540 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Adrian A. BASORA embassy: Trziste 15, 11801 Prague 1 mailing address: Unit 1330; APO AE 09213-1330 telephone: [42] (2) 2451-0847 FAX: [42] (2) 2451-1001 Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side (almost identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic Economy Overview: The government of the Czech Republic, using successful stabilization policies to bolster its claims to full membership in the western economic community, has reduced inflation to 10%, kept unemployment at 3%, balanced the budget, run trade surpluses, and reoriented exports to the EU since the breakup of the Czechoslovak federation on 1 January 1993. GDP grew 2% in 1994 after stagnating in 1993 and contracting nearly 20% since 1990. Prague's mass privatization program, including its innovative distribution of ownership shares to Czech citizens via 'coupon vouchers,' has made the most rapid progress in Eastern Europe. When coupon shares are distributed in early 1995, 75%-80% of the economy will be in private hands or partially privatized, according to the Czech government. Privatized companies still face major problems in restructuring; the number of annual bankruptcies quadrupled in 1994. In September 1994, Prague repaid $471 million in IMF loans five years ahead of schedule, making the Czech Republic the first East European country to pay off all IMF debts. Despite these outlays, hard-currency reserves in the banking system totaled more than $8.5 billion in October. Standard & Poor's boosted the Republic's credit rating to BBB+ in mid-1994 - up from a BBB rating that was already two steps higher than Hungary's and one step above Greece's rating. Prague forecasts a balanced budget, at least 3% GDP growth, 5% unemployment, and single-digit inflation for 1995. Inflationary pressures - primarily as a result of foreign bank lending to Czech enterprises but perhaps also due to eased currency convertibility controls - are likely to be the most troublesome issues in 1995. Continuing economic recovery in Western Europe should boost Czech exports and production but a substantial increase in prices could erode the Republic's comparative advantage in low wages and exchange rates. Prague already took steps in 1994 to increase control over banking policies to neutralize the impact of foreign inflows on the money supply. Although Czech unemployment is currently the lowest in Central Europe, it will probably increase 1-2 percentage points in 1995 as large state firms go bankrupt or are restructured and service sector growth slows. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $76.5 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $7,350 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.2% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 3.2% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $14 billion expenditures: $13.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $13.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, minerals, metals, agricultural products (January-November 1994) partners: Germany 28.7%, Slovakia 15.5%, Austria 7.9%, Italy 6.4%, France 3.2%, Russia 3.2%, Poland 3.1%, UK 2.9%, Netherlands 2.4%, Hungary 2.2%, US 2.1%, Belgium 1.3% (January-June 1994) Imports: $13.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic Economy commodities: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, raw materials, agricultural products (January-November 1994) partners: Germany 24.1%, Slovakia 15.6%, Russia 9.8%, Austria 7.6%, Italy 4.9%, France 3.6%, US 3.2%, Netherlands 2.9%, UK 2.8%, Poland 2.7%, Switzerland 2.2%, Belgium 2.0% (January-June 1994) External debt: $8.7 billion (October 1994) Industrial production: growth rate 4.9% (January-September 1994) Electricity: capacity: 14.470,000 kW production: 56.3 billion kWh consumption per capita: 4,842 kWh (1993) Industries: fuels, ferrous metallurgy, machinery and equipment, coal, motor vehicles, glass, armaments Agriculture: largely self-sufficient in food production; diversified crop and livestock production, including grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit, hogs, cattle, and poultry; exporter of forest products Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine to Western Europe Economic aid: donor: 1.4 million annually to IMF beginning in 1994 Currency: 1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru Exchange rates: koruny (Kcs) per US$1 - 27.762 (January 1995), 28.785 (1994), 29.153 (1993), 28.26 (1992), 29.53 (1991), 17.95 (1990) note: values before 1993 reflect Czechoslovak exchange rates Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic Transportation Railroads: total: 9,434 km (include 1.520-m broad, 1.435-m standard, and several narrow gauges) (1988) Highways: 55,890 km (1988) paved: NA unpaved: NA Inland waterways: NA km; the Elbe (Labe) is the principal river Pipelines: natural gas 5,400 km Ports: Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem Merchant marine: total: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 181,646 GRT/282,296 DWT ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 9 Airports: total: 116 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 with paved runways under 914 m: 5 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 10 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 32 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 41 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic Communications Telephone system: NA telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM, FM, shortwave radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Czech Republic Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense, Railroad Units Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,753,301; males fit for military service 2,095,661; males reach military age (18) annually 91,177 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 27 billion koruny, NA% of GNP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results CZECH REPUBLIC - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 30 days. All foreigners must register with the proper authorities within 48 hours of arrival. For more information contact Embassy of the Czech Republic, 3900 Spring of Freedom Street., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/363-6315). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Czech Republic ============================================================ Czech Republic - Consular Information Sheet October 24, 1995 Country Description: The Czech Republic is a rapidly developing European nation. It is undergoing profound economic and social change. Tourist facilities, particularly those found in the capital, Prague, are quickly approaching the level of those found in most European countries. Outside of Prague these facilities are not as developed, and some goods and services taken for granted in other European countries may not yet be available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required but a visa is not necessary for stays of up to 30 days. For further information concerning entry requirements for the Czech Republic, travelers can contact the Embassy of the Czech Republic at 3900 Spring of Freedom Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20008, telephone (202) 363-6315. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are available but may be limited, particularly in remote areas. Doctors and hospitals often expect cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States and travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The Czech Republic has a low rate of violent crime. However, there has been a dramatic increase in street crime, particularly pickpocketing, especially in major tourist areas in Prague and on public transportation. Visitors should be alert to the potential for a substantial overcharging by taxis, particularly in areas frequented by tourists. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad" is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. It provides useful information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S citizens who register in the Consular Section of the Embassy in Prague can obtain updated information on travel and security within the Czech Republic. The U.S. Embassy in Prague is located at Trziste 15; Telephone (42) (2) 2451-0847 or, after hours, (42) (2) 531-200. The APO mailing address is AE Prague, PSC 115, Unit 1330, APO AE 09213-1330. No. 95- 135 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 26, 1994, updating information concerning the country description, crime and the APO address. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Czech Republic ============================================================ Czech Republic - Consular Information Sheet October 24, 1995 Country Description: The Czech Republic is a rapidly developing European nation. It is undergoing profound economic and social change. Tourist facilities, particularly those found in the capital, Prague, are quickly approaching the level of those found in most European countries. Outside of Prague these facilities are not as developed, and some goods and services taken for granted in other European countries may not yet be available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required but a visa is not necessary for stays of up to 30 days. For further information concerning entry requirements for the Czech Republic, travelers can contact the Embassy of the Czech Republic at 3900 Spring of Freedom Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20008, telephone (202) 363-6315. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are available but may be limited, particularly in remote areas. Doctors and hospitals often expect cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States and travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The Czech Republic has a low rate of violent crime. However, there has been a dramatic increase in street crime, particularly pickpocketing, especially in major tourist areas in Prague and on public transportation. Visitors should be alert to the potential for a substantial overcharging by taxis, particularly in areas frequented by tourists. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad" is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. It provides useful information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S citizens who register in the Consular Section of the Embassy in Prague can obtain updated information on travel and security within the Czech Republic. The U.S. Embassy in Prague is located at Trziste 15; Telephone (42) (2) 2451-0847 or, after hours, (42) (2) 531-200. The APO mailing address is AE Prague, PSC 115, Unit 1330, APO AE 09213-1330. No. 95- 135 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 26, 1994, updating information concerning the country description, crime and the APO address. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map hal2 ;2"/2 BJ"32 "%"%% "5`J %,%%[%% ,%[O,% ,,"[" [[2O[,[ ,%",,[ ,%[,%%[, [,%O,%[ ,[%[,[" BO"22OO2 22J22 J"B2F "OOJJB ,<2#%, %[[,%,[ ,2,%[%[%,% ,[[%,% [%,%,J% %[2[,% "[%[," [[,[, "JOOJOO; [2,%J%J,%, [#%,%% 2JOJ"% ";J"0 O2OJOJ"0 "J"O2 "JJ;" ;O2;BC 2BB2JJ;2 OJBB2B" 2OO"O BOOJO"2O BJ;JOB [[,>(%" >#>5>% "[%,,%O%2% O%,,% %,,#J ,%",%[%[,[ ,[%%[2,[[% `"552 %5%>5 `3`,G G31@(G 25%X% n13n3 Gn3@nn G3@n@ Gn13Gn OppB; 3`33133 BOBBOBB BBOBBOBB BBOBBOBOO" ";O;" OBBOBBOBBO BBOBBOBBOB BOBBOBBOBB OBBOBBO ??X%"# %%?%? ?%?%Q %#X%?"#? 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Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights DENMARK x8dot3 Danish language : THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark Geography Location: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany Map references: Europe Area: total area: 43,070 sq km land area: 42,370 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Massachusetts note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark, but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland Land boundaries: total 68 km, Germany 68 km Coastline: 3,379 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 4 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland, Ireland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area) Climate: temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers Terrain: low and flat to gently rolling plains Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone Land use: arable land: 61% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 12% other: 21% Irrigated land: 4,300 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: air pollution, principally from vehicle emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes natural hazards: flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark Geography international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea Note: controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in Copenhagen THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark People Population: 5,199,437 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 17% (female 430,598; male 451,993) 15-64 years: 68% (female 1,731,531; male 1,780,083) 65 years and over: 15% (female 473,537; male 331,695) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.22% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.38 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 11.14 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.11 years male: 73.23 years female: 79.16 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.69 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Dane(s) adjective: Danish Ethnic divisions: Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 2%, other 7% (1988) Languages: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect), German (small minority) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 2,553,900 by occupation: private services 37.1%, government services 30.4%, manufacturing and mining 20%, construction 6.3%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.6%, electricity/gas/water 0.6% (1991) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark conventional short form: Denmark local long form: Kongeriget Danmark local short form: Danmark Digraph: DA Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Copenhagen Administrative divisions: metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 1 city* (stad); Arhus, Bornholm, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kbenhavn, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkbing, Roskilde, Snderjylland, Staden Kbenhavn*, Storstrm, Vejle, Vestsjaelland, Viborg note: see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Danish realm and self-governing administrative divisions Independence: 1849 (became a constitutional monarchy) National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940) Constitution: 5 June 1953 Legal system: civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since NA January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the Queen (born 26 May 1968) head of government: Prime Minister Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN (since NA January 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the monarch Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (Folketing): elections last held 21 September 1994 (next to be held by December 1998); results - Social Democrats 34.6%, Liberals 23.3%, Conservatives 15.0%, Social People's Party 7.3%, Progress Party 6.4%, Radical Liberals 4.6%, Unity Party 3.1%, Center Democrats 2.8%, Christian People's Party 1.8%; seats - (179 total) Social Democrats 63, Liberals 44, Conservatives 28, Social People's Party 13, Progress Party 11, Radical Liberals 8, Unity Party 6, Center Democrats 5, independent 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark Government Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party, Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN; Conservative Party, Hans ENGELL; Liberal Party, Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN; Socialist People's Party, Holger K. NIELSEN; Progress Party, Group Chairman Kim BEHNKE and Policy Spokesman Jan Kopke CHRISTENSEN; Center Democratic Party, Mimi Stilling JAKOBSEN; Radical Liberal Party, Marianne JELVED; Christian People's Party, Jann SJURSEN; Common Course, Preben Moller HANSEN; Danish Workers' Party; Unity Party Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G- 9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Peter Pedersen DYVIG (Knud-Erik TYGESEN is Ambassador Elect for 1995) chancery: 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4300 FAX: [1] (202) 328-1470 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Edward E. ELSON embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen O mailing address: APO AE 09716 telephone: [45] (31) 42 31 44 FAX: [45] (35) 43 02 23 Flag: red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the DANNEBROG (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark Economy Overview: This thoroughly modern economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is self-sufficient in food production. The new center-left coalition government will concentrate on reducing the persistent high unemployment rate and the budget deficit as well as following the previous government's policies of maintaining low inflation and a current account surplus. In the face of recent international market pressure on the Danish krone, the coalition has also vowed to maintain a stable currency. The coalition hopes to lower marginal income taxes while maintaining overall tax revenues; boost industrial competitiveness through labor market and tax reforms and increased research and development funds; and improve welfare services for the neediest while cutting paperwork and delays. Prime Minister RASMUSSEN's reforms will focus on adapting Denmark to the criteria for European integration by 1999; although Copenhagen has won from the European Union (EU) the right to opt out of the European Monetary Union (EMU) if a national referendum rejects it. Denmark is, in fact, one of the few EU countries likely to fit into the EMU on time. Denmark is weathering the current worldwide slump better than many West European countries. After posting 4.5% real GDP growth in 1994, Copenhagen is predicting a continued strong showing in 1995, with real GDP up by 3.2%. The government expects an upswing in business investment in 1995 to drive economic growth. Although unemployment is high, it remains stable compared to most European countries. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $103 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $19,860 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 12.3% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $56.5 billion expenditures: $64.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $42.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: meat and meat products, dairy products, transport equipment (shipbuilding), fish, chemicals, industrial machinery partners: EC 54.3% (Germany 23.6%, UK 10.1%, France 5.7%), Sweden 10.5%, Norway 5.8%, US 4.9%, Japan 3.6% (1992) Imports: $37.1 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, textiles, paper partners: EC 53.4% (Germany 23.1%, UK 8.2%, France 5.6%), Sweden 10.8%, Norway 5.4%, US 5.7%, Japan 4.1% (1992) External debt: $40.9 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -2.5% (1993 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark Economy Electricity: capacity: 10,030,000 kW production: 32 billion kWh consumption per capita: 5,835 kWh (1993) Industries: food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products, shipbuilding Agriculture: accounts for 4% of GDP; principal products - meat, dairy, grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets, fish Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $5.9 billion Currency: 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere Exchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.034 (January 1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark Transportation Railroads: total: 2,838 km (494 km privately owned and operated) standard gauge: 2,838 km 1.435-m gauge (440 km electrified; 760 km double track) (1994) Highways: total: 71,042 km paved: concrete, asphalt, stone block 71,042 km (696 km of expressways) Inland waterways: 417 km Pipelines: crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km Ports: Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Grenaa, Koge, Odense, Struer Merchant marine: total: 345 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,005,470 GRT/6,974,750 DWT ships by type: bulk 17, cargo 109, chemical tanker 24, combination bulk 1, container 61, liquefied gas tanker 32, livestock carrier 4, oil tanker 32, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 18, roll-on/roll-off cargo 35, short-sea passenger 11 note: Denmark has created its own internal register, called the Danish International Ship register (DIS); DIS ships do not have to meet Danish manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience within the Danish register Airports: total: 118 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 13 with paved runways under 914 m: 85 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark Communications Telephone system: 4,509,000 telephones; excellent telephone and telegraph services; buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay support trunk network local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay international: 19 submarine coaxial cables; 7 INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, and INMARSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 50 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Denmark Defense Forces Branches: Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,347,774; males fit for military service 1,158,223; males reach military age (20) annually 36,191 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $2.7 billion, 1.9% of GDP (1994) DENMARK (including GREENLAND) - Passport required. Tourist/business visa not required for stay of up to 3 months. (Period begins when entering Scandinavian area: Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden.) Special rules apply for entry into the U.S.-operated defense area in Greenland. For further information contact the Royal Danish Embassy, 3200 Whitehaven St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/234-4300) or nearest Consulate General: CA (213/387-4277), Chicago (312/329-9644) or New York (212/223-4545). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Denmark ============================================================ Denmark - Consular Information Sheet October 3, 1995 Country Description: Denmark is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are extensive, and English is widely spoken. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A tourist or business visa is not required for stays up to three months (The 90-day period begins when entering the Nordic area: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland). For further information concerning entry requirements for Denmark, travelers can contact the Royal Danish Embassy at 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20008, tel (202) 234-4300, or the nearest Danish consulate general in Chicago, Los Angeles, or New York. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline on (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: While Denmark has a low crime rate, travelers to Copenhagen and other major cities can become targets for pickpockets and sophisticated purse snatchers. Purses and luggage are particular targets for thieves in hotel lobbies and breakfast rooms, airports, and train stations. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for hints on a more trouble-free trip. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Other Information: Cyclists have the right-of-way over pedestrians and automobiles in Denmark and it is important to watch for traffic from bicycle lanes when crossing streets and when getting out of cars and buses. Cyclists and Danish pedestrians alike are often injured after inadvertently stepping into the bicycle lanes. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security in Denmark. The U.S. Embassy in Copenhagen is located at Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24; telephone (45) 31-42-31-44. No. 95-121 This replaces the Consular Information sheet dated April 18, 1994, to update information on cyclists and local law. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Denmark ============================================================ Denmark - Consular Information Sheet October 3, 1995 Country Description: Denmark is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are extensive, and English is widely spoken. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A tourist or business visa is not required for stays up to three months (The 90-day period begins when entering the Nordic area: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland). For further information concerning entry requirements for Denmark, travelers can contact the Royal Danish Embassy at 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20008, tel (202) 234-4300, or the nearest Danish consulate general in Chicago, Los Angeles, or New York. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline on (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: While Denmark has a low crime rate, travelers to Copenhagen and other major cities can become targets for pickpockets and sophisticated purse snatchers. Purses and luggage are particular targets for thieves in hotel lobbies and breakfast rooms, airports, and train stations. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for hints on a more trouble-free trip. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Other Information: Cyclists have the right-of-way over pedestrians and automobiles in Denmark and it is important to watch for traffic from bicycle lanes when crossing streets and when getting out of cars and buses. Cyclists and Danish pedestrians alike are often injured after inadvertently stepping into the bicycle lanes. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security in Denmark. The U.S. Embassy in Copenhagen is located at Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24; telephone (45) 31-42-31-44. No. 95-121 This replaces the Consular Information sheet dated April 18, 1994, to update information on cyclists and local law. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 e bilh ""=OJ5&0 "2"OO"22"2 2"22"2"2"2 "2"2"2"";J OJO2"2"22" B"22OBJ JB2JB"J2 ;;BJ2 "2O;;J 00;O;; `J41 ;OJJ;2 OB""O" `5,BB ";J51 2",``1 2,,55 OBOBOBB 6%%?%%?# %?% X#% "X%?%X X"?"? 02;JOB =5591`B `15O, 211&` %[%[,[% 2 "% ?X %%?%% 1JO1B 5> 11``V %5%>5 O"%'' 9ddodJ ;BgdJ;2 `,J11``- "2"O;,1 025,5 ""2,` B,1,, `55;2 "OJ"4 15,JB 12O,O"" OJ51, 551,B ;J;J;J;J;J ;J;J;J;J;J ;J;J;J;J;J ;J;J;J;J;J BBJB+ Ln8n8n8n 8n8mmnn8nn 8n8n8n8n8n 8n8n8n8n8n 8n8n8n LLmpm njpmnL mpmmpL jLnLj jbcjpm jmcpc 7jcp8 %,"[,% ?[",, cpm8pc jcj7n %[%J[ Lpcnmm mjLccL [%[%,%% ,,",%%, [%[[%[ [J"#%J[O, %J?[, "J5`` 0,5`0 OJ;)J ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; !Fa0' OOJ;; 6r:cR 8F1,!M' 88y>1 !#!,1 -1--11- 11--1 --1-1- Dominica Map Button Image @%@% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Dominica Geography Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 750 sq km land area: 750 sq km comparative area: slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 148 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall Terrain: rugged mountains of volcanic origin Natural resources: timber Land use: arable land: 9% permanent crops: 13% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 41% other: 34% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling THE WORLD FACTBOOK Dominica People Population: 82,608 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 29% (female 11,665; male 12,130) 15-64 years: 64% (female 25,606; male 26,890) 65 years and over: 7% (female 3,724; male 2,593) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.4% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 18.63 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.33 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -9.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.2 years male: 74.35 years female: 80.2 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.95 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Dominican(s) adjective: Dominican Ethnic divisions: black, Carib Indians Religions: Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), none 2%, unknown 1%, other 5% Languages: English (official), French patois Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970) total population: 94% male: 94% female: 94% Labor force: 25,000 by occupation: agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28% (1984) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Dominica Government Names: conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica conventional short form: Dominica Digraph: DO Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Roseau Administrative divisions: 10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter Independence: 3 November 1978 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 3 November (1978) Constitution: 3 November 1978 Legal system: based on English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Crispin Anselm SORHAINDO (since 25 October 1993) election last held 4 October 1993 (next to be held NA October 1998); results - President Crispin Anselm SORHAINDO was elected by the House of Assembly to a five-year term head of government: Prime Minister (Mary) Eugenia CHARLES (since 21 July 1980, elected for a third term 28 May 1990) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral House of Assembly: elections last held 28 May 1990 (next to be held by October 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (30 total; 9 appointed senators and 21 elected representatives) DFP 11, UWP 6, DLP 4 Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), Brian ALLEYNE; Dominica Labor Party (DLP), Rosie DOUGLAS; United Workers Party (UWP), Edison JAMES Other political or pressure groups: Dominica Liberation Movement (DLM), a small leftist group Member of: ACCT, ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: Dominica has no embassy in the US consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: no official presence since the Ambassador resides in Bridgetown (Barbados), but travels frequently to Dominica THE WORLD FACTBOOK Dominica Government Flag: green with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white - the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Dominica Economy Overview: The economy is dependent on agriculture and thus is highly vulnerable to climatic conditions. Agriculture accounts for about 30% of GDP and employs 40% of the labor force. Principal products include bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, and coconuts. Development of the tourist industry remains difficult because of the rugged coastline and the lack of an international airport. In 1994 a tropical storm devastated the banana industry. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $200 million (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 1.6% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,260 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.6% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 15% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $70 million expenditures: $84 million, including capital expenditures of $26 million (FY90/91 est.) Exports: $48.3 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges partners: UK 55%, CARICOM countries, Italy, US Imports: $98.8 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals partners: US 25%, CARICOM, UK, Japan, Canada External debt: $92.8 million (1992) Industrial production: growth rate -10% (1994 est.); accounts for 7% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 7,000 kW production: 30 million kWh consumption per capita: 347 kWh (1993) Industries: soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes Agriculture: accounts for 30% of GDP; principal crops - bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts; bananas provide the bulk of export earnings; forestry and fisheries potential not exploited Illicit drugs: transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $120 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Dominica Economy Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Dominica Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 750 km paved: 370 km unpaved: gravel or earth 380 km Ports: Portsmouth, Roseau Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Dominica Communications Telephone system: 4,600 telephones; fully automatic network local: NA intercity: NA international: SHF radio and microwave radio relay links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radio links to Saint Lucia Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 cable televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Dominica Defense Forces Branches: Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Coast Guard) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP !DOMINICA - Proof of U.S. citizenship, photo ID and return/onward ticket required for tourist stay up to 6 months. For longer stays and other information consult Consulate of the Commonwealth of Dominica, 820 2nd Ave., Suite 900, New York, NY 10017 (212/599-8478). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Dominica ============================================================ Dominica - Consular Information Sheet October 18, 1995 Country Description: Dominica is a developing island nation. The tourist industry is not highly developed. Entry Requirements: U.S. citizens may enter Dominica without a passport for tourist stays up to six months, but must carry an original document proving U.S. citizenship, as well as photo identification and a return/onward ticket. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Consulate of the Commonwealth of Dominica at 820 Second Avenue, Suite 900, New York, NY, 10017, telephone (212) 599-8478. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some instances, supplemental medical insurance specifically covering overseas services has proved useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559 or the CDC fax information service at (404) 332-4565. Crime Information: Petty street crime occurs. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A lost or stolen birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines. Aviation Oversight: In June 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Dominica's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Organization of Eastern Caribbean States carriers operating to and from the U.S. However, during its assessment, the FAA noted that the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States' operations to destinations other than the U.S. are not provided a similar level of safety oversight. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: The United States does not maintain an embassy in Dominica. U.S. citizens requiring assistance may contact the U.S. Embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados; telephone (809) 436-4950. The Consular Section is located in the American Life Insurance Company (ALICO) Building, Cheapside, Bridgetown, telephone (809) 431-0225. Americans who register in the consular section of the Embassy at Bridgetown can obtain updated information on travel and security in Dominica and the other areas that the Embassy covers. No. 95-126 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 7, 1994, with no change following periodic review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Dominica ============================================================ Dominica - Consular Information Sheet October 18, 1995 Country Description: Dominica is a developing island nation. The tourist industry is not highly developed. Entry Requirements: U.S. citizens may enter Dominica without a passport for tourist stays up to six months, but must carry an original document proving U.S. citizenship, as well as photo identification and a return/onward ticket. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Consulate of the Commonwealth of Dominica at 820 Second Avenue, Suite 900, New York, NY, 10017, telephone (212) 599-8478. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some instances, supplemental medical insurance specifically covering overseas services has proved useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559 or the CDC fax information service at (404) 332-4565. Crime Information: Petty street crime occurs. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A lost or stolen birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines. Aviation Oversight: In June 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Dominica's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Organization of Eastern Caribbean States carriers operating to and from the U.S. However, during its assessment, the FAA noted that the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States' operations to destinations other than the U.S. are not provided a similar level of safety oversight. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: The United States does not maintain an embassy in Dominica. U.S. citizens requiring assistance may contact the U.S. Embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados; telephone (809) 436-4950. The Consular Section is located in the American Life Insurance Company (ALICO) Building, Cheapside, Bridgetown, telephone (809) 431-0225. Americans who register in the consular section of the Embassy at Bridgetown can obtain updated information on travel and security in Dominica and the other areas that the Embassy covers. No. 95-126 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 7, 1994, with no change following periodic review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. 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DL@$U cKpD FFT6K9 J%;0J&Df ;"4I4J""$ )f B%24 0O?* e M.. g=gOO < STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Egypt ============================================================ Egypt - Public Announcement August 30, 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The Department of State informs American citizens planning to ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Egypt ============================================================ Egypt - Consular Information Sheet July 28, 1995 Country Description: Egypt is a developing country with extensive facilities for tourists. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. For travelers arriving by air, a renewable 30-day tourist visa can be obtained at airport points of entry. Visitors arriving overland and by sea, or those previously experiencing difficulty with their visa status in Egypt, must obtain a visa prior to arrival. Military personnel arriving on commercial flights are not exempt from passport and visa requirements. Tourists must register with local authorities (either through their hotels, at local police stations, or at the central passport office) within seven days of arrival. Proof of yellow fever and cholera immunization is required if arriving from an infected area. Evidence of an AIDS test is required for everyone staying over 30 days. For additional entry information, U.S. citizens can contact the Embassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt, 3521 International Court, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. 202-895-5400, or the Egyptian consulates in San Francisco, Chicago, New York, or Houston. Areas of Instability: Egyptian extremist groups seeking to overthrow the government have staged violent attacks against Egyptian police and security officials, Egyptian Christians and moderate Muslim intellectuals. In several incidents, extremists have sought to cripple the Egyptian economy through attacks on tourists, tour buses, and sites frequented by tourists. Some attacks have occurred in Cairo, but the vast majority of the violent incidents have taken place in the southern provinces of Assiyut, Minya and Qena, which lie between Cairo and Luxor. All surface travel (bus, car, train, boat, etc.) through those provinces is considered dangerous. While there have been no specific credible threats singling out American citizens or businesses in Egypt, Islamic extremists have threatened to target foreign investors and tourists. A series of successful police counter-terrorist operations since the beginning of 1994 has reduced terrorist capabilities and operations, particularly in the Cairo area. Sporadic incidents of extremist violence continue, however, and the threat of terrorist activity directed against tourist targets remains a concern. Restricted Areas: Those wishing to visit areas near Egypt's frontiers, including oases near the border with Libya and off-road areas in the Sinai, must obtain permission from the Travel Permits Department of the Ministry of the Interior, located at the corner of Sheikh Rihan and Nubar Streets in downtown Cairo. Travelers should also be aware of the possible dangers of off-road travel. Leftover mines from previous conflicts remain buried in several regions of the country and have caused several deaths, including deaths of Americans. As a rule, all travelers should check with local authorities before embarking on off-road travel. Because known mine fields are not marked by signs but are usually enclosed by barbed wire, travelers should particularly avoid areas enclosed by barbed wire. Medical Facilities: There are many Western-trained medical professionals in Egypt. The U.S. Embassy in Cairo can provide a list of local hospitals and English-speaking physicians. Medical facilities are adequate for non-emergency matters, particularly in the areas where most tourists visit. Emergency and intensive care facilities are, however, limited. Facilities outside of Cairo fall short of U.S. standards. Most Nile cruise boats do not have a ship's doctor, but some employ a medical practitioner with the equivalent of a U.S. bachelor's degree. Hospital facilities are available in Luxor and Aswan, but are extremely limited at most other ports of call. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate payment in cash for treatment. Supplemental health insurance which specifically covers overseas treatment has proven useful. Beaches on the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts are generally unpolluted; however, there is a strong risk of exposure to the bilharzia parasite when swimming in the Nile or canals, walking barefoot along the river or drinking untreated river water. Bilharzia can cause extensive tissue damage, kidney failure and blindness. The risk of exposure to rift valley fever (RVF) exists throughout Egypt. RVF is a disease of domestic animals that can infect humans and which flares up in parts of the country from time to time. Preventive measures include avoiding freshly slaughtered meat and known areas of infestation. Properly prepared, thoroughly cooked meat in tourist hotels, Nile cruise boats, and tourist restaurants is considered safe. Additional information on health problems can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: The crime rate in Egypt is low. While violent incidents are rare, purse snatching, pickpocketing and petty theft are not uncommon. Unescorted women are vulnerable to sexual harassment and verbal abuse. Travelers and foreign residents are subject to Egyptian laws. A U.S. citizen enjoys no special consideration simply because he or she is an American. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Drug enforcement policies in Egypt are very strict. The death penalty may be imposed on anyone convicted of smuggling or selling marijuana, hashish, opium, LSD, or other narcotics. Law enforcement authorities prosecute and seek fines and imprisonment in cases of possession of even small quantities of drugs. Customs Requirements: Everyone entering Egypt must declare items such as jewelry, electronic equipment, and other valuables. This requirement is strictly enforced. Any valuables not accounted for may be confiscated. There are no currency exchange requirements. A maximum of 100 Egyptian pounds may be carried into or out of Egypt. Photography Requirements: There are strict duties on the importation of expensive photographic and video equipment. This includes most types of equipment typically carried by tourists to Egypt, including all video cameras, all autofocus cameras, etc. Travelers who wish to take such equipment with them on a temporary visit have three options with Customs authorities: (A) The Customs inspector may inventory the equipment and list it by model and serial number in their passports, so that the equipment can be crosschecked when they leave Egypt, in which case no duty will be collected. (B) The traveler may have the equipment placed in storage for the duration of their stay, in which case a storage fee may be collected. (C) Long-term visitors or residents will pay the standard duty fee for importing these items and be issued a receipt; at the time of departure the fee will be refunded upon presentation of the receipt. There are restrictions on photographing military personnel and sites, bridges and canals. Dual Nationality: The government of Egypt considers all children born to Egyptian fathers to be Egyptian citizens. Even if the children bear American passports, immigration officials may require proof that the father approves their departure before the children will be allowed to leave Egypt. Americans married to Egyptians do not need their spouse's permission to depart Egypt as long as they have a valid Egyptian visa. To renew a visa, or to leave the country after a visa has expired, an American woman married to an Egyptian must present proof of the husband's consent. Dual Egyptian-American nationals may enter and leave Egypt on their U.S. passports. If a dual national resides in Egypt for extended periods, proof of Egyptian citizenship, such as a family I.D. card, is required. Male dual nationals of military age, who have not completed military service, are not generally required to enlist in the armed forces; however, before they can leave Egypt, they must obtain an exemption certificate through the Ministry of Defense draft office. Individuals who may be affected can inquire at an Egyptian consular office abroad before traveling to Egypt. Persons with dual nationality who travel to Egypt on their Egyptian passports are normally treated as Egyptian citizens. U.S. consular assistance to such persons is extremely limited. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Cairo can obtain updated information on travel and security within Egypt. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Cairo is located on Lazoughli Street, Garden City, near downtown Cairo. The mailing address from the U.S. is American Embassy Cairo, APO AE 09839-4900; from Egypt, it is 8 Kamal El-Din Salah Street, Cairo. The telephone number is (20)(2) 355-7371. The Consular Section telephone is (20-2)357-2201; the consular FAX is (20)(2) 357-2472. The workweek in Egypt is Sunday through Thursday. No. 95-084 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 7, 1994, to add information concerning off-road travel. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 movie_1 BBJOO2OB"O 2BO2B22B "BB2B2;;B; B22BB O0;;O ;;OJ; ;O22;2 BB22BJB22 JJ"22 ,%2J[%%[,J %%"%"%%2"% [%,%%9 "["%,% ,%",%[% %,[,9 %[,,[[% "J#J,, %>%%X%>X X%X?"X" ?2%XX? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; "]]"" pp7kp "("$"("$ "($"$ $$"("$"($$ "($"$ Ethiopia Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ETHIOPIA x8dot3 Arabic language 8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia Geography Location: Eastern Africa, west of Somalia Map references: Africa Area: total area: 1,127,127 sq km land area: 1,119,683 sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Texas Land boundaries: total 5,311 km, Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km Coastline: none - landlocked Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line; territorial dispute with Somalia over the Ogaden Climate: tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation Terrain: high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley Natural resources: small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash Land use: arable land: 12% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 41% forest and woodland: 24% other: 22% Irrigated land: 1,620 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; famine natural hazards: geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban Note: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia People Population: 55,979,018 (July 1995 est.) note: Ethiopian demographic data, except population and population growth rate, include Eritrea Age structure: 0-14 years: 46% (female 12,782,345; male 12,802,187) 15-64 years: 52% (female 14,352,059; male 14,511,342) 65 years and over: 2% (female 815,974; male 715,111) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.09% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 46.68 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 15.77 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: repatriation of Ethiopian refugees from Sudan, Kenya and Somalia, where they had taken refuge from war and famine in earlier years, is expected to continue in 1995; additional influxes of Sudanese and Somalis fleeing fighting in their countries can be expected in 1995 Infant mortality rate: 120.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 50 years male: 48.28 years female: 51.78 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.07 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Ethiopian(s) adjective: Ethiopian Ethnic divisions: Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigrean 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1% Religions: Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 5% Languages: Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Orominga, Guaraginga, Somali, Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools) Literacy: age 10 and over can read and write (1984) total population: 24% male: 33% female: 16% Labor force: 18 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia People by occupation: agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry and construction 8% (1985) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ethiopia local long form: none local short form: Ityop'iya Digraph: ET Type: transitional government note: on 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) toppled the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took control in Addis Ababa; a new constitution was promulgated in December 1994 and national and regional elections are scheduled for May 1995; the administrative regions will elect regional assemblies by popular vote; the National Assembly will have two chambers - one elected by popular vote and the other selected as representatives by the regional assemblies; the lower house of the National Assembly will select or confirm the president, the prime minister and the cabinet officers and judges; the prime minister will be the chief executive officer and the duties of the president will be mostly ceremonial Capital: Addis Ababa Administrative divisions: 14 ethnically-based administrative regions (astedader akababiwach, singular - astedader akababi) Addis Ababa, Afar, Amhara, Benishangul, Gambela, Gurage-Hadiya-Kambata, Hareri, Kefa, Omo, Oromo, Sidama, Somali, Tigray, Wolayta note: the following named four administrative regions may have been abolished and their territories distributed among the remaining ten regions: Kefa, Omo, Sidama, and Wolayta Independence: oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years National holiday: National Day, 28 May (1991) (defeat of Mengistu regime) Constitution: new constitution promulgated in December 1994 Legal system: NA Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President MELES Zenawi (since 1 June 1991); appointed by the Council of Representatives following the military defeat of the MENGISTU government; following the elections to the National Assembly scheduled for May 1995 the lower house of the National Assembly will nominate a new president head of government: Prime Minister TAMIRAT Layne (since 6 June 1991); a new prime minister will be designated by the party in power following the elections to the General Assembly in May 1995 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia Government cabinet: Council of Ministers; presently designated by the chairman of the Council of Representatives; under the new constitution and following the elections in May 1995 the cabinet officers will be selected by the prime minister Legislative branch: Constituent Assembly: elections were held on 5 June 1994; results - government parties swept almost all seats; in December 1994 the Constituent Assembly ratified the new constitution with few changes; the new constitution prescribes two chambers for the new National Assembly - one which is elected by popular vote and one which represents the ethnic interests of the regional governments Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), MELES Zenawi; Other political or pressure groups: Oromo Liberation Front (OLF); All Amhara People's Organization; Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition; numerous small, ethnic-based groups have formed since Mengistu's resignation, including several Islamic militant groups Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador BERHANE Gebre-Christos chancery: 2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-2281, 2282 FAX: [1] (202) 328-7950 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Irvin HICKS embassy: Entoto Street, Addis Ababa mailing address: P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa telephone: [251] (1) 550666 FAX: [251] (1) 552191 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia Economy Overview: With the independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993, Ethiopia continues to face difficult economic problems as one of the poorest and least developed countries in Africa. Its economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for about 45% of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment; coffee generates 60% of export earnings. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought, poor cultivation practices, and deterioration of internal security conditions. The manufacturing sector is heavily dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. Over 90% of large-scale industry, but less than 10% of agriculture, is state run. The government is considering selling off a portion of state-owned plants, and is implementing reform measures that are gradually liberalizing the economy. A major medium-term problem is the improvement of roads, water supply, and other parts of an infrastructure badly neglected during years of civil strife. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $20.3 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $380 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (FY93/94) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $1.2 billion expenditures: $1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $707 million (FY93/94) Exports: $219.8 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: coffee, leather products, gold partners: Germany, Japan, Saudi Arabia, France, Italy Imports: $1.04 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: capital goods, consumer goods, fuel partners: US, Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Japan External debt: $3.7 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -3.3% (FY91/92); accounts for 12% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 460,000 kW production: 1.3 billion kWh consumption per capita: 23 kWh (1993) Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia Economy Agriculture: accounts for 45% of GDP; export crops of coffee and oilseeds are grown partly on state farms; estimated 50% of agricultural production is at subsistence level; principal crops and livestock - cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and other vegetables, hides and skins, cattle, sheep, goats Illicit drugs: transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for southern African markets; cultivates qat (chat) for local use and regional export Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $504 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $8 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $2 billion Currency: 1 birr (Br) = 100 cents Exchange rates: birr (Br) per US$1 - 5.9500 (January 1995), 5.9500 (1994), 5.0000 (fixed rate 1992-93); fixed at 2.070 before 1992; note - official rate pegged to the US$ Fiscal year: 8 July - 7 July THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia Transportation Railroads: total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 24,127 km paved: 3,289 km unpaved: gravel 6,664 km; improved earth 1,652 km; unimproved earth 12,522 km (1993) Ports: none Merchant marine: total: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 62,627 GRT/88,909 DWT ships by type: cargo 8, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 Airports: total: 98 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 24 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 4 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 14 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 42 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; open-wire and radio relay system adequate for government use local: NA intercity: open wire and microwave radio relay links international: open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; 3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: 9 million Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: 100,000 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ethiopia Defense Forces Branches: Transitional Government of Ethiopia Forces, Air Force, Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 12,658,084; males fit for military service 6,569,759; males reach military age (18) annually 565,976 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $140 million, 4.1% of GDP (FY94/95) SLSLETHIOPIA - Passport and visa required. Tourist/business visa valid for stay up to 2 years, fee $50 or transit visa for 48 hours, $20, requires 1 application, 1 photo and yellow fever immunization. Business visa requires company letter. Send $2 postage for return of passport or $15.30 for Federal Express and $9.95 for Express Mail service. (Money orders only.) Allow 2 weeks for processing. Exit visas are required of all visitors remaining in Ethiopia for more than 30 days. For longer stays and other information contact Embassy of Ethiopia, 2134 Kalorama Rd., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/234-2281/2). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Ethiopia ============================================================ Ethiopia - Consular Information Sheet September 13, 1995 Country Description: Ethiopia is a developing east African country. A transitional government, which came to power in September 1991 following two decades of civil war, turned over power to an elected permanent government August 22, 1995. Although most of Ethiopia is stable, some outlying areas of the country continue to experience lawlessness and there are scattered reports of low-level civil strife. Tourism facilities in Ethiopia are minimal. Eritrea, formerly a province of Ethiopia, became an independent country on May 24, 1993. There is a separate Consular Information Sheet on Eritrea. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required, as well as evidence of yellow fever immunization. Travelers must enter Ethiopia by air, either at Addis Ababa or at Dire Dawa. Travelers entering overland risk being detained by immigration authorities and/or fined. Airport visas may be obtained only if 72 hours advance notice has been provided by the traveler's sponsoring organization to proper authorities within Ethiopia. Airport visas are not available to travelers departing from or traveling through a country where an Ethiopian diplomatic mission is located. Exit visas are required of all visitors remaining in Ethiopia for more than 30 days. There is an airport departure tax of ten U. S. dollars, payable in hard currency, for all foreigners. For more information on entry/exit requirements, travelers may contact the Embassy of Ethiopia, 2134 Kalorama Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 234-2281/2. Areas of Instability: Incidents of banditry are not uncommon in the southernmost areas of Ethiopia, along the Kenyan border and as far north as Woleyita (former Sidamo province). Isolated incidents of violence have recently occurred in other regions as well, including the Lake Tana, Lake Langano, Awassa, and Arbaminch areas. There have also been sporadic reports of armed clashes between various opposition elements and government forces in Region 5 (Somalia border area). There is also possible spillover from the conflict in Somalia for travelers in nearby border areas. Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) elements claim that armed OLF units periodically clash with forces of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in the western area of Nekemte (former Wollega province) and in the east, around Harar. However, these claims are unconfirmed. Travel within the Country: Domestic and international air services generally operate on schedule, although flights between Addis Ababa and Asmara are heavily booked and may be canceled without warning. Airport security procedures are thorough. Nevertheless, there have been occasional hijackings of domestic flights. No American citizens or other passengers have been harmed. Domestic Travel Hazards: Land mines and other anti-personnel devices can be encountered frequently in areas which suffered fighting during the war. Areas such as the route to Asebeteferi, the vicinity of Harar, the Ogaden region, and the roads north from Addis Ababa to Tigray province are known mined areas. Many persons, including foreigners, have been injured by these devices. Travel on paved roads generally is safer than travel on unpaved roads. Areas off the pavement around bridges or water crossings may also be hazardous. Overland travel is especially dangerous in areas east and south of Harar, in Region 5 (formerly known as the Ogaden), due to land mines on the main road between Harar and Jijiga. Irregular fuel supplies can make traveling by car outside of Addis Ababa very difficult. Vehicle travel after dark outside Addis Ababa and other cities is dangerous due to the possibility of armed robbery and dangerous driving conditions. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Ethiopia are extremely limited. Even the best hospitals in Addis Ababa suffer from inadequate facilities, antiquated equipment and shortages of supplies, particularly medicine, although physicians themselves are generally well-trained. Emergency assistance is limited. Travelers generally bring their own supplies of prescription drugs and preventive medicines. Doctors and hospitals usually expect cash payment for services. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. Not all U.S. medical insurance is valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage and medical evacuation provisions has proved useful. Information on health matters may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Pickpocketing is prevalent in urban areas and there have been numerous reports of thieves snatching jewelry. Banditry occurs on roads outside major towns or cities, and may be accompanied by violence. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: The black market for hard currency is declining as the official and free market rates for the Ethiopian birr converge. Visitors must declare hard currency upon arrival and may be required to present this declaration when applying for an exit visa. Penalties for exchanging money on the black market range from fines to imprisonment. Credit cards are accepted by only one hotel in Ethiopia. Foreigners are required to pay for hotel and car rental expenses in hard currency. Prohibition on Photography: Certain buildings and public places may not be photographed. Travel guides, police, and Ethiopian officials can advise if a particular site may be photographed. Photographing banned sites may result in the confiscation of film and camera. Equipment such as video cameras and laptop computers must be declared upon arrival and departure from Ethiopia. Tape recorders require special customs permits. Those intending prolonged stays should check with the Ethiopian Embassy prior to travel regarding customs procedures. Export of Antiques and Animal Skins: Permits are required before either antiques or animal skins can be exported from Ethiopia. Antique religious artifacts, including "Ethiopian crosses," require documentation from the National Museum in Addis Ababa. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences, fines and possible confiscation of personal property. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa may obtain updated information on travel and security in Ethiopia. The U.S. Embassy is located at Entoto Avenue, P.O. Box 1014, in Addis Ababa. The telephone is (251-1) 550-666, extension 316/336; the emergency afterhours number is (251-1) 552-558. The Embassy general fax number is (251-1) 55-21-91 and the consular fax number is (251-1) 551-094/551-748. No. 95-111 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 6, 1995, to update the summary of the political situation, the areas where banditry has been reported, the description of airport security, and currency developments. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Ethiopia ============================================================ Ethiopia - Public Announcement June 28, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT - ETHIOPIA The American Embassy in Addis Ababa issued a warden message on June 26 informing the local American community of the assassination attempt on President Mubarek of Egypt. The message stated further all American residents should exercise caution, especially in the next few days during the Organization of African Unity summit. Persons arriving in Ethiopia should be aware of heightened security concerns and be prepared to cooperate fully with Ethiopian security personnel. For further information on travel to Ethiopia consult the Department of State's Consular Information Sheet of April 6, 1995. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Ethiopia ============================================================ Ethiopia - Consular Information Sheet September 13, 1995 Country Description: Ethiopia is a developing east African country. A transitional government, which came to power in September 1991 following two decades of civil war, turned over power to an elected permanent government August 22, 1995. Although most of Ethiopia is stable, some outlying areas of the country continue to experience lawlessness and there are scattered reports of low-level civil strife. Tourism facilities in Ethiopia are minimal. Eritrea, formerly a province of Ethiopia, became an independent country on May 24, 1993. There is a separate Consular Information Sheet on Eritrea. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required, as well as evidence of yellow fever immunization. Travelers must enter Ethiopia by air, either at Addis Ababa or at Dire Dawa. Travelers entering overland risk being detained by immigration authorities and/or fined. Airport visas may be obtained only if 72 hours advance notice has been provided by the traveler's sponsoring organization to proper authorities within Ethiopia. Airport visas are not available to travelers departing from or traveling through a country where an Ethiopian diplomatic mission is located. Exit visas are required of all visitors remaining in Ethiopia for more than 30 days. There is an airport departure tax of ten U. S. dollars, payable in hard currency, for all foreigners. For more information on entry/exit requirements, travelers may contact the Embassy of Ethiopia, 2134 Kalorama Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 234-2281/2. Areas of Instability: Incidents of banditry are not uncommon in the southernmost areas of Ethiopia, along the Kenyan border and as far north as Woleyita (former Sidamo province). Isolated incidents of violence have recently occurred in other regions as well, including the Lake Tana, Lake Langano, Awassa, and Arbaminch areas. There have also been sporadic reports of armed clashes between various opposition elements and government forces in Region 5 (Somalia border area). There is also possible spillover from the conflict in Somalia for travelers in nearby border areas. Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) elements claim that armed OLF units periodically clash with forces of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in the western area of Nekemte (former Wollega province) and in the east, around Harar. However, these claims are unconfirmed. Travel within the Country: Domestic and international air services generally operate on schedule, although flights between Addis Ababa and Asmara are heavily booked and may be canceled without warning. Airport security procedures are thorough. Nevertheless, there have been occasional hijackings of domestic flights. No American citizens or other passengers have been harmed. Domestic Travel Hazards: Land mines and other anti-personnel devices can be encountered frequently in areas which suffered fighting during the war. Areas such as the route to Asebeteferi, the vicinity of Harar, the Ogaden region, and the roads north from Addis Ababa to Tigray province are known mined areas. Many persons, including foreigners, have been injured by these devices. Travel on paved roads generally is safer than travel on unpaved roads. Areas off the pavement around bridges or water crossings may also be hazardous. Overland travel is especially dangerous in areas east and south of Harar, in Region 5 (formerly known as the Ogaden), due to land mines on the main road between Harar and Jijiga. Irregular fuel supplies can make traveling by car outside of Addis Ababa very difficult. Vehicle travel after dark outside Addis Ababa and other cities is dangerous due to the possibility of armed robbery and dangerous driving conditions. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Ethiopia are extremely limited. Even the best hospitals in Addis Ababa suffer from inadequate facilities, antiquated equipment and shortages of supplies, particularly medicine, although physicians themselves are generally well-trained. Emergency assistance is limited. Travelers generally bring their own supplies of prescription drugs and preventive medicines. Doctors and hospitals usually expect cash payment for services. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. Not all U.S. medical insurance is valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage and medical evacuation provisions has proved useful. Information on health matters may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Pickpocketing is prevalent in urban areas and there have been numerous reports of thieves snatching jewelry. Banditry occurs on roads outside major towns or cities, and may be accompanied by violence. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: The black market for hard currency is declining as the official and free market rates for the Ethiopian birr converge. Visitors must declare hard currency upon arrival and may be required to present this declaration when applying for an exit visa. Penalties for exchanging money on the black market range from fines to imprisonment. Credit cards are accepted by only one hotel in Ethiopia. Foreigners are required to pay for hotel and car rental expenses in hard currency. Prohibition on Photography: Certain buildings and public places may not be photographed. Travel guides, police, and Ethiopian officials can advise if a particular site may be photographed. Photographing banned sites may result in the confiscation of film and camera. Equipment such as video cameras and laptop computers must be declared upon arrival and departure from Ethiopia. Tape recorders require special customs permits. Those intending prolonged stays should check with the Ethiopian Embassy prior to travel regarding customs procedures. Export of Antiques and Animal Skins: Permits are required before either antiques or animal skins can be exported from Ethiopia. Antique religious artifacts, including "Ethiopian crosses," require documentation from the National Museum in Addis Ababa. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences, fines and possible confiscation of personal property. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa may obtain updated information on travel and security in Ethiopia. The U.S. Embassy is located at Entoto Avenue, P.O. Box 1014, in Addis Ababa. The telephone is (251-1) 550-666, extension 316/336; the emergency afterhours number is (251-1) 552-558. The Embassy general fax number is (251-1) 55-21-91 and the consular fax number is (251-1) 551-094/551-748. No. 95-111 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 6, 1995, to update the summary of the political situation, the areas where banditry has been reported, the description of airport security, and currency developments. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 i~LLP E_||i IRCIE QiKE__KE> |iQ>_KEK>_ E>_>iX' fsi> K`#X, Di>Y > 2,ccM%X,2 _KEQE>QEIE ~YQiE> iEKEKQ>KKE = 2 M rI&> rI%> M=XX XD,MXDM >&>>& >&>>&>& MXcpMX XpXMDX D:A#c M2XXc XpcD=pJ MXD==M M,2XMc =XMXM iD/t/ yV^qj G<66' <-''/ {yq{{j mVqyj^ zE-> 4@)@F4 mmaLL 1zK(> ,DMcD UvdBUW devBU UeiddUv WyeBUWe F@aa8Lyk "]k""8 ,28L8mLm r`\n,) 8L"@a@"84S @8a\482` L""8"S\* >R}>_}R__C 0S~R}R ~iQ > nK>}}ICC CRCE>>_i>K i_Q>>iQKEQ >Y_u>iQKQ > >Q>YE D~>E>Y j"8k" @]"L88 "8@m"" u>~D 8"]8"8L iIKB> ?nns_@> wjyjw h(3+3++3+ +3++3+(l (+3++3++3+ +3+3+7l *z~E,> h( + ui_(> X JAJ# 'h( + *`~_K 'h$++(+(+( +(+(+(+. 3+3+3+(Hf t'Gbb M%:SZ X %X2, C>>iS I>>|l K>>QK XMXMXXMpc C>>iX ((+3+ $ 3+3+3 7++7(h (+(7+773+7 7+3+$77$(h h(+$37+7( YiuKK_ %Mc=, Q>IKYY_K %cMXXM% =MXD, tbt'G YiEQ_Y_Q %=XD2 ((++$(($(+ ++(+(( ,X,cD :pW(7 ++(++HH7 .++33+33+3 ++3++3+3++ 3++3++3++3 ++3++3++3+ 3++3++3++3 MM2 %p:X ;(, >((%% &&##, &(,&&( 0((OB;; (,D0J ((>,(( ,,M>0D00J (,(,,(( 0(0(, ,(M(DD;; 00,>( ((0(( DDJ2>;(( `((0D;>JD &&(p%%p( 0(;0( %%(pp ((p(%%p ``((,, ((,(( &&(,( (, MM ,,#,, ;((,(, &&((> ++pp2l pp%2m &(,(, &(0(, ((0,( D(%>( %>((0J, ,(%%,( &00,,( ;(,>, ((%>( D0(>0 (J0;, 00;(( ((;;>>% &&>(( ((&((%#5 HCd4-- k^@L CUo4 66UCoC VUVCVjp6 Ccmc.dC (#&:j6[ jm,P QbLdVULoCd L5Qb[eL "jFK[Hn, %$jcL Lcj!2,,e,[ ]LFBjA..: )p y.1 (1Tc2/ h)/70 (WjEp>. ;y% h& jQ0d2/ jpj@M:. e)jls E $.O&X@w C@p?^ 1.Wwjj A? @ pjJ:( Xs 2w4 ;fdj_K /X;QjjdX >Apjj A^jp'Xd '/w*0;*|c 1,c>1,OW)A jj?=,. ,1,M. X||JT0 0X@CW hHhwjWdOjB j^h,. ))\0O 's[ W Ap4hW/l c='W?BeB ?=ahEj@d 'dT`T' `O3*=Aj pw?<:$ cjj*= @j)WO: g:T`f! .!Tl@Wd c:1.:X s=1,O OdO'\X ?'h'@ :'_?lB Wj*kdd' 'd>.kA 66cA^ d&4&'&4&'& 4&'&4& '&4&'&4&'& 4&'&4& '&K&'&4& 4&'&4&'&4& '&'&4& 4&'&4 K&'d'&4&'& X's'[[8 U]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 ]5]5]5]5]5 --1-1- --11-1-1 -1-11 1-1-11 -1-1- 1--11 Europa Island Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Europa Island Header Affiliation: (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Europa Island Geography Location: Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique Map references: Africa Area: total area: 28 sq km land area: 28 sq km comparative area: about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 22.2 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claimed by Madagascar Climate: tropical Terrain: NA Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% (heavily wooded) other: NA% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: wildlife sanctuary THE WORLD FACTBOOK Europa Island People Population: uninhabited THE WORLD FACTBOOK Europa Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Europa Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Europa Digraph: EU Type: French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic; resident in Reunion Capital: none; administered by France from Reunion Independence: none (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Europa Island Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Europa Island Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only Airports: total: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Europa Island Communications Note: 1 meteorological station THE WORLD FACTBOOK Europa Island Defense Forces defense is the responsibility of France Show Map x8dot3 Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights EUROPA_I ssqqtssqs qsoqoqqsqs qsstqsq qssqqoqqoq UyOUT@TU@M E@AEAZ Z@ROi i@O*J OROJRROORO JRJOJJROJR JOOJO@J EO@@JJ@OO@ JJ@OEETE RJ@OA@ DQD%@ yZ`Xet]\o @cVc{tcVo `X`@o E@]c]Xiqc\ eZEiT`U@ol @loXotlA]c EDLBn&p @@ZZ@E @XZV\@E@@R O@EEJE@@EE \]TEE@EE@J J@@JE r<>G@@J@ EE@@EE@EE@ EJEEJJE @E@@E@JE@E E@E,@ X<<@@J@ E@]c\Ziq`` UZ]`U`U@ql @loXooU]\` @>J@s JE@@JJ@ J@@OEETE @>J@s EJE@JJEE@ @E@@JE@JJE @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s rjHr|rf_ @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s |_|H| @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s @>J@s E@E@E<@ @>J@s JEJTTORJRJ R@OO@E8@ jwr|rH @>J@s EE@@E EOORREE JOE7@ |wHHw2d_H @>J@s J@E@@JJ EJEE@ EREORJ TX@E6@ AFKC>A @>J@s V`@J@Z\OEE JEE\ED@ OO@EJ@`o{ O@E5@ @>J@s l@J?@ oX@XT @>J@s EORE@q lX@@EORJ @@E3@ j r|2w2 @>J@s @JE:@ lJ@@EJTJ@@ @O@`]@E4@ 2%H%j_ @>J@s EJE@e{Xe@J E@`]@JE8@ OE@RROE FE@@EE ERE+@ @>J@s T\]ZZi\o]i `\\ZclZ@ T]Xe@E5@ @>J@s Z@E3@ J@E)@ c@E2@ UFRRE \@J(@ @>J@s eoXqyZ ~ecc\s4@ EOETYA DRJ'@ w%Hdff2 HH%f_ \EZO:@ EJ@O@c @>J@s JEOEJEJJE@ J@@OJ OOXOOR@ E@E9@ J@N@~ >>J@s @RE@@E o@T#@ Cq@ E@elJ\Xee\ T`VZXeZO!@ e@Jp@ n::?o@ ..//./..// //0..-+-:@ EEJ@c t\ly`{`Zl *$*)*)*.)- ))+$&))**. -)--/ **/&$1$W //*/-*.*+ -+-:@Cl@ JJE@eeOZ V]E!@ /;/105.$0/ $0+*55+ /*.$/5$) 1 /1/*. ;;$$ 5 .$*/ $//-+-:@Ci@ E@`ii]eoty eslce`yq`J oie`o@E ;)/$b $0-:@Ci@ u/*/ u b$0-:@Ci@ ;.+/$u 9$0-:@Ci@ O@~t` \]U`lR oX\XZ`@E *+/ u W$0-:@Cl@ JJ@EE J@EJE@JTE // u ;$0-:@Cl@ JEE@EE@EE@ @JEE@EE **./ u h$.+-:@C *++/ u }} $$+* $+ ) .* $$ $. *$+$$+-+-: u 1./ ++.)W u 1/++/.+ ./.+/++ ++/+//+-+- Wh/Wb/* .);hWbhhb5 -+-:@C ??g ("&&", ?FL0/ C@L94 ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676 Falkland Islands Map Button Image 2#2# THE WORLD FACTBOOK Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Header Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Geography Location: Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina Map references: South America Area: total area: 12,170 sq km land area: 12,170 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Connecticut note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 1,288 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: administered by the UK, claimed by Argentina Climate: cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate Terrain: rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains Natural resources: fish, wildlife Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 99% forest and woodland: 0% other: 1% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: strong winds persist throughout the year international agreements: NA Note: deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season THE WORLD FACTBOOK Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) People Population: 2,317 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 2.43% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA Death rate: NA Net migration rate: NA Infant mortality rate: NA Life expectancy at birth: NA Total fertility rate: NA Nationality: noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island Ethnic divisions: British Religions: primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist Languages: English Labor force: 1,100 (est.) by occupation: agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Government Names: conventional long form: Colony of the Falkland Islands conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Digraph: FA Type: dependent territory of the UK Capital: Stanley Administrative divisions: none (dependent territory of the UK) Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK) National holiday: Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) Constitution: 3 October 1985 Legal system: English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor David Everard TATHAM (since August 1992) cabinet: Executive Council; 3 members elected by the Legislative Council, 2 ex-officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council: elections last held 11 October 1989 (next to be held October 1994); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (10 total, 8 elected) independents 8 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: NA Member of: ICFTU Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the UK) US diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK) Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT THE WORLD FACTBOOK Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Economy Overview: The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, which directly or indirectly employs most of the work force. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. Rich stocks of fish in the surrounding waters are not presently exploited by the islanders. So far, efforts to establish a domestic fishing industry have been unsuccessful. The economy has diversified since 1987 when the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year and support the island's health, education, and welfare system. To encourage tourism, the Falkland Islands Development Corporation has built three lodges for visitors attracted by the abundant wildlife and trout fishing. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993 and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day. National product: GDP $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.4% (1980-87 average) Unemployment rate: NA%; labor shortage Budget: revenues: $65 million expenditures: $55.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992-93) Exports: at least $14.7 million commodities: wool, hides and skins, and meat partners: UK, Netherlands, Japan (1987 est.) Imports: at least $13.9 million commodities: food, clothing, timber, and machinery partners: UK, Netherlands Antilles (Curacao), Japan (1987 est.) External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 9,200 kW production: 17 million kWh consumption per capita: 7,253 kWh (1993) Industries: wool and fish processing THE WORLD FACTBOOK Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Economy Agriculture: predominantly sheep farming; small dairy herds; some fodder and vegetable crops Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1992-93), $87 million Currency: 1 Falkland pound (#F) = 100 pence Exchange rates: Falkland pound (#F) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5604 (1990); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 510 km paved: 30 km unpaved: gravel 80 km; unimproved earth 400 km Ports: Stanley Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 5 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Communications Telephone system: 590 telephones local: NA intercity: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radio networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station with links through London to other countries Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Defense Forces Branches: British Forces Falkland Islands (includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines), Police Force Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK H-i- Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights FALKLAND .,.{G >.J.M ^.j.f language ccaagccac ac`a`aacac accgaca accaa_a``a InEIF9FI9F =99==L L9FE] CGCC#G qNSLZgSN` 9YIYugYI` SLU9_ =@<)b 99LM9= 9LNIN9=99F E9==A=99== NQF==9==9A A99A= ^95?99A9 ==99==9==9 =A==AA= 9=99=9A=9= 95399A 3=A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c i^,dtdXX w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c sXs2v w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c ^idtdO w95A9c siOOo,XX2 w95A9c =A=9A==AA= 9A9== 95C>55355 w95A9c =E9EF AF9=A w95A9c =9NgNAgUSg gQ9ZLQN w95A9c ^ dt,o, w95A9c w95A9c w95A9c EALaN=]QY\ YFNNLQN9= A9gYEgYU ]9qN]]`]]S w95A9c OXX^,2 O^O22 ^O^^i2 j@5A9c w95A9c =9FNFF=99= 9EAIFL=ESE u]qg9E w95A9c @CA9c [[W[[W[[W[ f[Pp[ [fW[[W[[W[ [W[[W[[W[V :8A9c @8A9c @8A9c AA=E=AE9 @8A9c =9FS IM99=9=EAA 9ILL:IMLE9 9F99A9g nQ9EE `9A09 a9A9E9Z 5E=9E9 9A99A9 G9=9A9SU MFEF=? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Faroe Islands Map Button Image ( THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands Header Affiliation: (part of the Danish realm) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands Geography Location: Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the north Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Iceland to Norway Map references: Europe Area: total area: 1,400 sq km land area: 1,400 sq km comparative area: slightly less than eight times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 764 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy Terrain: rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 98% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: archipelago of 18 inhabited islands and a few uninhabited islets; strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic; precipitous terrain limits habitation to small coastal lowlands THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands People Population: 48,871 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 24% (female 5,673; male 6,119) 15-64 years: 63% (female 14,164; male 16,835) 65 years and over: 13% (female 3,335; male 2,745) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.99% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 17.54 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.59 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.29 years male: 74.91 years female: 81.8 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.42 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Faroese (singular and plural) adjective: Faroese Ethnic divisions: Scandinavian Religions: Evangelical Lutheran Languages: Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish Literacy: NA% Labor force: 17,585 by occupation: largely engaged in fishing, manufacturing, transportation, and commerce THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Faroe Islands local long form: none local short form: Foroyar Digraph: FO Type: part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark Capital: Torshavn Administrative divisions: none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark) Independence: none (part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark) National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940) Constitution: 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution) Legal system: Danish Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Bent KLINTE (since NA) head of government: Prime Minister Edmund JOENSEN (since 15 September 1994) cabinet: Landsstyri; elected by the local legislature Legislative branch: unicameral Faroese Parliament (Logting): elections last held 8 July 1994 (next to be held by July 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (32 total) Liberal Party 8, People's Party 6, Social Democrats 5, Republicans 4, Workers' Party 3, Christian Democrats 2, Center Party 2, Home Rule Party 2 Danish Parliament: elections last held on 21 September 1994 (next to be held by September 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) Liberals 2 Judicial branch: none Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party, Marita PETERSEN; Workers Front, Oli JACOBSEN; Home Rule Party, Helena Dam A NEYSTABOE; The 'Coalition Party', Edmund JOENSEN; Republican Party, Finnbogir ESAKSON; Centrist Party, Tordur NICLASEN; Christian People's Party, Niels Pauli DANIELSEN; People's Party, Arnfinn KALLSBERG; Liberal Party; Christian Democratic Party Member of: none Diplomatic representation in US: none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands Government US diplomatic representation: none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark) Flag: white with a red cross outlined in blue that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the DANNEBROG (Danish flag) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands Economy Overview: The Faroese, who have long enjoyed the affluent living standards of the Danes and other Scandinavians, now must cope with the decline of the all-important fishing industry and one of the world's heaviest per capita external debts of about $25,000. When the nations of the world extended their fishing zones to 200 nautical miles in the early 1970s, the Faroese no longer could continue their traditional long-distance fishing and subsequently depleted their own nearby fishing areas. The government's tight controls on fish stocks and its austerity measures have caused a recession, and subsidy cuts will force nationalization in the fishing industry, which has already been plagued with bankruptcies. Copenhagen has threatened to withhold its annual subsidy of $130 million - roughly one-third of the islands' budget revenues - unless the Faroese make significant efforts to balance their budget. To this extent the Faroe government is expected to continue its tough policies, including introducing a 20% value-added tax (VAT) in 1993, and has agreed to an IMF economic-political stabilization plan. In addition to its annual subsidy, the Danish government has bailed out the second largest Faroe bank to the tune of $140 million since October 1992. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $662 million (1989 est.) National product real growth rate: -10.8% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $14,000 (1989 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.8% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 23% (1993) Budget: revenues: $407.2 million expenditures: $482.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.) Exports: $345.3 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: fish and fish products 88%, animal feedstuffs, transport equipment (ships) (1989) partners: Denmark 20%, Germany 18.3%, UK 14.2%, France 11.2%, Spain 7.9%, US 4.5% Imports: $234.4 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: machinery and transport equipment 24.4%, manufactures 24%, food and livestock 19%, fuels 12%, chemicals 6.5% partners: Denmark 43.8%, Norway 19.8%, Sweden 4.9%, Germany 4.2%, US 1.3% External debt: $1.2 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 90,000 kW production: 200 million kWh consumption per capita: 3,953 kWh (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands Economy Industries: fishing, shipbuilding, handicrafts Agriculture: accounts for 27% of GDP; principal crops - potatoes and vegetables; livestock - sheep; annual fish catch about 360,000 metric tons Economic aid: recipient: receives an annual subsidy from Denmark of about $130 million Currency: 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere Exchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.034 (January 1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 200 km paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Klaksvick, Torshavn, Tvoroyri Merchant marine: total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,879 GRT/18,444 DWT ships by type: cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1 Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands Communications Telephone system: 27,900 telephones; good international communications; fair domestic facilities local: NA intercity: NA international: 3 coaxial submarine cables Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 3 repeaters 10, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 3 (repeaters 29) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Faroe Islands Defense Forces Branches: no organized native military forces; only a small Police Force and Coast Guard are maintained Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP Note: defense is the responsibility of Denmark Show Map x8dot3 Danish Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights FAROE_IS ,383f language }~{}{}}~}~ }~~}}{}}{} affTffTa YTTYTjYU jTcax qiqT{ VTgr( IX^YTT\T~ TTjjTYTij flTYTTcaTY Y\YTTYYT lofYYTYYT\ \TT\Y YYTTYYTYYT Y\YY\\Y TYTTYT\YTY Ta\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ Wkvpv T^\T~ I6,!!, T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ W+v5A T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ +&kv+kv5 T^\T~ T^\T~ TUZUZTTOTE T^\T~ Y\T\2T T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ 3v+zWNzAW T^\T~ T^\T~ T^\T~ lTY1T T^\T~ T^\T~ Ta\T~ Ta\T~ /#wn# T^\T~ \\Ya\Y\YaY Y\TaY\\Y\a TYaYc\cY-FK/<>1 F7 1B17>F?FKK -?F7 ?d47< h1<<# @99MTV h1<@- 4/t99 wdK99 <99MTV h1<@- h1<@- d1<@- h1<@# )2/28/99/2 /899@) @/9-/K 84-99 -/99//# @99@<<@ d8@9B )B<9@9 9@<<@@99:nd:P:HK> >H::>:KK KK:PC :C::KJJ:v XXwdXdzXa: dPkdP[K aPd_::v HX>::>[C[C >::CJ>:>>C C::C:P[X:C ::C:C C>:C> C>:C:v C:C:>> >C::>>:>>: :>>:>:>C:> >:>>C:v =\uO\ c=!OcVc- JPPCY: d:CW: >:dr:>X: K4::;:;; B4::4DD; JzHQ: -*=\O* C:wk:>9: )9s((|N N$`e) :7:_6l C:AC:<> >:Xw:> a<<.: :H::HC >K>>:k d:C-: >JH:HHCJHJ :HJ>J >:Xw:> ;:>:Xz;;.: >:>C::C n:CJ:z [:>): >H::K: z:HG: a:>): Pd<:XwPX: >>:Pk:>C>+: >::>> >>::>C >>:CH C:XK,: >:aX:> k:C*: J:HCH>H::H JH:CJ:>J:> JKC:d >>::>C>>:: >:[z:> >P:XX:>::; J[:>9: >JC2: w:JKC HHJC>JHC:: HC:H:>C : wPw>> d:>:> >;<_w >:>;C>>JC d:C3: >?7B4 H::Pd:>2: CJ>HHCC>JH >J:HH>H:C: >>:>Y: H:>CZ: >H>a: 7XwrCaK:dH d:Kd:d[:> ;>::C^: w>H_: C:>::>:>:: X:>_: HC::C>a: w>Cc: >H>:;?>: C:wk:>::>C >C>:P KX::>:Xw> >C:A< :>::Pk X:>Y: CH:CC:> >JC[: d:J:< : X;Hk: CAKX>> : H>:C:[ d;Cj: <::J: >:wk:K: d>h: v:Cf: [[:>f: w:Ck: >:>:d K;>i: w>Ci: >::Pd >>C>:d H: JKCHJH:>JH C:JK:d RELL#E C::J?D>>K C:wzv :k[:> CH>:d IE6MI :H>HC>C>CH >C>H>:r MRMMT2 ]IRMT2 CJ>>JCHHJ> :J:H> ^MMTMMT TMTRMMR ^LIMT2 >>:HC::>:: E2E22I22QT 2RMMI]# KwX:>}: q.IgE LMMT2 k:C}: EchWSh UOfEMT2 n:C}: ~ERMM ]MMT2 v:C}: ]MMT2 P[:HX>>KK ]IMT2 C:wzn 2TMI6 zwC~: yEMMQ6 LMMT2 a[C~: 2TMI6 2RMMEm 6IMMIE62 IMMT2 k:>}: r:C}: r:C}: d:>}: >>:>> >JHCJCH: KadXKXXPXX :AXXPXKKXD dd?77%: %%+:8#: $$')+:8#: ((')+:8#: ,$N`9 ($$')+:8#: ($$') +:8#: +:8#: +:8#: +:8#: +:8#: +:8#: +:8#: +:8#: Nee`N&,($$ ,(&$$') +:8#: >:<+)' %)+:8#: 7:?%% ')+:8#: /:7#: CC>CCHH>C> HC>>:> C:k[kaw 445h: _XnzkwX 7447g: >:Pwk:C:XK C:CC>CH:[z >:Xz:> ##?# %?? 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Environment: current issues: air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations natural hazards: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Finland Geography international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea Note: long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain THE WORLD FACTBOOK Finland People Population: 5,085,206 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 19% (female 469,666; male 491,484) 15-64 years: 67% (female 1,683,371; male 1,716,307) 65 years and over: 14% (female 457,061; male 267,317) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.3% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.22 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.77 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 5.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.22 years male: 72.51 years female: 80.11 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.79 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Finn(s) adjective: Finnish Ethnic divisions: Finn, Swede, Lapp, Gypsy, Tatar Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Greek Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1% Languages: Finnish 93.5% (official), Swedish 6.3% (official), small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.) total population: 100% Labor force: 2.533 million by occupation: public services 30.4%, industry 20.9%, commerce 15.0%, finance, insurance, and business services 10.2%, agriculture and forestry 8.6%, transport and communications 7.7%, construction 7.2% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Finland Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Finland conventional short form: Finland local long form: Suomen Tasavalta local short form: Suomi Digraph: FI Type: republic Capital: Helsinki Administrative divisions: 12 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Ahvenanmaa, Hame, Keski-Suomi, Kuopio, Kymi, Lappi, Mikkeli, Oulu, Pohjois-Karjala, Turku ja Pori, Uusimaa, Vaasa Independence: 6 December 1917 (from Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 6 December (1917) Constitution: 17 July 1919 Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Martti AHTISAARI (since 1 March 1994); election last held 31 January-6 February 1994 (next to be held January 2000); results - Martti AHTISAARI 54%, Elisabeth REHN 46% head of government: Prime Minister Paavo LIPPONEN (since 13 April 1995); Deputy Prime Minister Sauli NIINISTO (since 13 April 1995) cabinet: Council of State (Valtioneuvosto); appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (Eduskunta): elections last held 19 March 1995 (next to be held March 1999); results - Social Democratic Party 28.3%, Center Party 19.9%, National Coalition (Conservative) Party 17.9%, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 11.2%, Swedish People's Party 5.1%, Green League 6.5%, Ecology Party 0.3%, Rural 1.3%, Finnish Christian League 3.0%, Liberal People's Party 0.6%, Young Finns 2.8%; seats - (200 total) Social Democratic Party 63, Center Party 44, National Coalition (Conservative) Party 39, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 22, Swedish People's Party 11, Green League 9, Ecology Party 1, Rural 1, Finnish Christian League 7, Young Finns 2, Aaland Islands 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Korkein Oikeus) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Finland Government Political parties and leaders: government coalition: Social Democratic Party, Paavo LIPPONEN; National Coalition (conservative) Party, Sauli NIINISTO; Leftist Alliance (Communist) People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative, Claes ANDERSON; Swedish People's Party, (Johan) Ole NORRBACK; Green League, Pekka HAAVISTO other: Center Party, Esko AHO; Finnish Christian League, Toimi KANKAANNIEMI; Rural Party, Tina MAKELA; Liberal People's Party, Tuulikki UKKOLA; Greens Ecological Party (EPV); Young Finns Other political or pressure groups: Finnish Communist Party-Unity, Yrjo HAKANEN; Constitutional Rightist Party; Finnish Pensioners Party; Communist Workers Party, Timo LAHDENMAKI Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA (associate), EU, FAO, G- 9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC (observer), NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Jukka VALTASAARI chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800 FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Derek N. SHEARER embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14A, FIN-00140, Helsinki mailing address: APO AE 09723 telephone: [358] (0) 171931 FAX: [358] (0) 174681 Flag: white with a blue cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the DANNEBROG (Danish flag) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Finland Economy Overview: Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free market economy, with per capita output two-thirds of the US figure. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, and engineering industries. Trade is important, with the export of goods representing about 30% of GDP. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. The economy, which experienced an average of 4.9% annual growth between 1987 and 1989, sank into deep recession in 1991 as GDP contracted by 6.5%. The recession - which continued in 1992 with GDP contracting by 4.1% - has been caused by economic overheating, depressed foreign markets, and the dismantling of the barter system between Finland and the former Soviet Union under which Soviet oil and gas had been exchanged for Finnish manufactured goods. The Finnish Government has proposed efforts to increase industrial competitiveness and efficiency by an increase in exports to Western markets, cuts in public expenditures, partial privatization of state enterprises, and changes in monetary policy. In June 1991 Helsinki had tied the markka to the European Union's (EU) European Currency Unit (ECU) to promote stability. Ongoing speculation resulting from a lack of confidence in the government's policies forced Helsinki to devalue the markka by about 12% in November 1991 and to indefinitely break the link in September 1992. The devaluations have boosted the competitiveness of Finnish exports. The recession bottomed out in 1993, and Finland participated in the general European upturn of 1994. Unemployment probably will remain a serious problem during the next few years; the majority of Finnish firms face a weak domestic market and the troubled German and Swedish export markets. The Finns voted in an October 1994 referendum to enter the EU, and Finland officially joined the Union on 1 January 1995. Increasing integration with Western Europe will dominate the economic picture over the next few years. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $81.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $16,140 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.1% (1992) Unemployment rate: 22% (1993) Budget: revenues: $21.7 billion expenditures: $31.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.) Exports: $23.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: paper and pulp, machinery, chemicals, metals, timber partners: EC 53.2% (Germany 15.6%, UK 10.7%), EFTA 19.5% (Sweden 12.8%), US 5.9%, Japan 1.3%, Russia 2.8% (1992) Imports: $18 billion (c.i.f., 1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Finland Economy commodities: foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, fodder grains partners: EC 47.2% (Germany 16.9%, UK 8.7%), EFTA 19.0% (Sweden 11.7%), US 6.1%, Japan 5.5%, Russia 7.1% (1992) External debt: $30 billion (December 1993) Industrial production: growth rate 5% (1993 est.); accounts for 28% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 13,360,000 kW production: 58 billion kWh consumption per capita: 12,196 kWh (1993) Industries: metal products, shipbuilding, forestry and wood processing (pulp, paper), copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing Agriculture: accounts for 7% of GDP (including forestry); livestock production, especially dairy cattle, predominates; main crops - cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient, but short of foodgrains and fodder grains; annual fish catch about 160,000 metric tons Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Latin American cocaine for the West European market Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $2.7 billion Currency: 1 markka (FMk) or Finmark = 100 pennia Exchange rates: markkaa (FMk) per US$1 - 4.7358 (January 1995), 5.2235 (1994), 5.7123 (1993), 4.4794 (1992), 4.0440 (1991), 3.8235 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Finland Transportation Railroads: total: 5,864 km broad gauge: 5,864 km 1.524-m gauge (1,710 km electrified; 480 km multiple track) Highways: total: 76,755 km paved: bituminous concrete, bituminous treated soil 47,588 km (318 km of expressways) unpaved: gravel 29,167 km (1992) Inland waterways: 6,675 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km suitable for steamers Pipelines: natural gas 580 km Ports: Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus Merchant marine: total: 93 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,050,270 GRT/1,080,150 DWT ships by type: bulk 7, cargo 20, chemical tanker 5, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 12, passenger 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 31, short-sea passenger 10, vehicle carrier 1 Airports: total: 159 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 23 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 21 with paved runways under 914 m: 94 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Finland Communications Telephone system: 3,140,000 telephones; good service from cable and microwave radio relay network local: NA intercity: cable and microwave radio relay international: 1 submarine cable; INTELSAT satellite transmission service via Swedish earth station and a receive-only INTELSAT earth station near Helsinki for TV programs Radio: broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 105, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 235 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Finland Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Frontier Guard (includes Sea Guard) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,318,231; males fit for military service 1,083,749; males reach military age (17) annually 33,085 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.86 billion, about 1.9% of GDP (1994) FINLAND - Passport required. Tourist/business visa not required for stay up to 90 days. (90 day period begins when entering Scandinavian area: Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland.) Check Embassy of Finland, 3216 New Mexico Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 (202/363-2430) or nearest Consulate General: Los Angeles (310/203-9903) or New York (212/573-6007). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Finland ============================================================ Finland - Consular Information Sheet December 6, 1995 Country Description: Finland is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information concerning entry requirements for Finland, travelers can contact the Embassy of Finland at 3301 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel (202) 298-5800, or the nearest Finnish consulate general in Los Angeles or New York. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are widely available. The public hospital system will not honor foreign credit cards and/or U. S. insurance coverage. However, private hospitals and clinics which accept major credit cards are widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, a letter from their carrier describing supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline on (404)332-4559. Crime Information: Finland has a low crime rate. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad. It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans who register at the Consular Section of the U. S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security in Finland. The U.S. Embassy in Helsinki is located at Itainen Puistotie 14A; Telephone (358-0) 171931 or (358-0) 605414 after hours. No. 95-158 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 24, 1994, with amendment to the section on entry requirements. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Finland ============================================================ Finland - Consular Information Sheet December 6, 1995 Country Description: Finland is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information concerning entry requirements for Finland, travelers can contact the Embassy of Finland at 3301 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel (202) 298-5800, or the nearest Finnish consulate general in Los Angeles or New York. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are widely available. The public hospital system will not honor foreign credit cards and/or U. S. insurance coverage. However, private hospitals and clinics which accept major credit cards are widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, a letter from their carrier describing supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline on (404)332-4559. Crime Information: Finland has a low crime rate. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad. It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans who register at the Consular Section of the U. S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security in Finland. The U.S. Embassy in Helsinki is located at Itainen Puistotie 14A; Telephone (358-0) 171931 or (358-0) 605414 after hours. No. 95-158 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 24, 1994, with amendment to the section on entry requirements. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 photo_3 Y55>E 55Ep3 ={J(- {W=J#=W=4( RaE55E E55E5>5>> k&@&k @@kk&@ E55MYE {J{Jl r5dEM~Y r5>M> (JW#W(W- -(-{#4 {(4(-l{(-W E;5dY>K>EM E5rY5K d5E>M >EE5M5 <]]<< K5~75 WlWll Tr55r ~5>>;dM7 55Mr55> * o>5 {J{{4 mjmme ezbmm lJ4(W W-W4l ymmjmm mjue` emwGmzm 1!*!* !*!*!*! vmumm y^jjm jzmmbmv`[z umzme uzzm7`um L?ueu $/'+'+ '+'+'+'/ /BB$B $/+'+'+'+' +'+'+'/$ +B'$B/ rd>5>>E ujbjm %81(I >5~c # mmumzemm yjejm zezuum umumy ap~5> (WJJW yymze 5?g}> &@&@@ Yrd~d~ 55YE> 2Iee!IZZ j!2!8!I88I >55>5 !8!m!8I1 pM55>ocr o> 5 4r55~ SII8I uw282 jieww e^Pbnij bijnPb^ m^iXjPbj ^njXIX^ r>~MYd 5YMEdYEEr ws^IZI XII^iv jnb^IP PUOIZ^m bZIZIOIIUb 55d>5Y UIIQPIIij ZIOOIXZny POOQOIPnny fvbijI G`iiX UIO8OQIjnj y}GZZ [^IZII GwiSffGf`^ ^PPIZ `nzuu ^jXXIP^ Gbwjvwmuy 2Qjbbiium jbPOXO2 `GV)f bZIOO2I ^Xjene jGGV) S^bIPO2Z Uinbe mn^IP2I PXbbiy `enjnv[ ennbyQG^ bP^ne `jnbijn evijGGZ bZbbi [mjbjni ymjeGGZU ^Iebn F5VLSnn^ uujjf[^U }5VGGei uiwSGeI PZb^u }VfGb^ZI SewiG^IP j[GUIXO hnj`GPPU znjnIQQ uvinb2X uub^nZ O8IOIZ` njbieGi umnninP OUIOPP @&&@@ `nnieGi m^nnibI POOQIXn[ mnjbneGn vbiebiXI IOOQIZie S^njijGi znniniw ibXIZOII^i LE> 5 [jbbijG` b^niXb^XUU IXIP^i[ yijnne`f nZi^ZXIZ^P UUPIZI SinieGz wnb^U XPZUPXIUPS jbiijf PUPUPPUXPe [bebwnf yijb^ZI ZXPUPIZnnb PIU^bZb`z 4r5Yr [jnij[s PUZU^^[ Nr5Vf [jijj[f ZXUIIQIU^^ `innjf ib^IIPQ Smijiy uij^XUIZ UUP^i[ jmmej ybnUUiII XP^ewh bneXU XU^Xinvu ^^ZX^njme p~>55>E ZPbbw II^im nnwii jinbv ujwiw V5YET5 EMr_x ~E>:5 *a|:5 B/'0 5 $'0&5 /$+0#5 5>5~% |K5YN BB//B//B "$BB/ $/B//B/$'$ B$'0#5 .~5M_ $$'$$ B$+0%5 MrVh5 /$'0'5 $$""'"$ ""'/'0*5 =drW,_ ~d5>o3 >YrMn5 ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; %%#%%# pQp33p pp33pp3pp p33p33 eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be eB%Be 1-1-- -1--11- --11-- -11--1-1 1-11-1- -1--11- 1--11 --11- -11--1 -1-1- 11--1 -1--11 1-1-1- --11- France Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights FRANCE x8dot3 French language D THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Geography Location: Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain Map references: Europe Area: total area: 547,030 sq km land area: 545,630 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Colorado note: includes Corsica and the rest of metropolitan France, but excludes the overseas administrative divisions Land boundaries: total 2,892.4 km, Andorra 60 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km Coastline: 3,427 km (mainland 2,783 km, Corsica 644 km) Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: Madagascar claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island; Comoros claims Mayotte; Mauritius claims Tromelin Island; Seychelles claims Tromelin Island; Suriname claims part of French Guiana; Mexico claims Clipperton Island; territorial claim in Antarctica (Adelie Land); Saint Pierre and Miquelon is focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France Climate: generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean Terrain: mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east Natural resources: coal, iron ore, bauxite, fish, timber, zinc, potash Land use: arable land: 32% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 23% forest and woodland: 27% other: 16% Irrigated land: 11,600 sq km (1989 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Geography Environment: current issues: some forest damage from acid rain; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff natural hazards: flooding international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification, Law of the Sea Note: largest West European nation; occasional warm tropical wind known as mistral THE WORLD FACTBOOK France People Population: 58,109,160 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 19% (female 5,438,447; male 5,700,143) 15-64 years: 65% (female 18,889,771; male 19,001,536) 65 years and over: 16% (female 5,433,276; male 3,645,987) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.46% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 13 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.29 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.37 years male: 74.5 years female: 82.44 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.8 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French Ethnic divisions: Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Indochinese, Basque minorities Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim (North African workers) 1%, unaffiliated 6% Languages: French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 24.17 million by occupation: services 61.5%, industry 31.3%, agriculture 7.2% (1987) THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Government Names: conventional long form: French Republic conventional short form: France local long form: Republique Francaise local short form: France Digraph: FR Type: republic Capital: Paris Administrative divisions: 22 regions (regions, singular - region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse, Franche-Comte, Haute-Normandie, Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Rhone-Alpes note: the 22 regions are subdivided into 96 departments; see separate entries for the overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion) and the territorial collectivities (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon) Dependent areas: Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica Independence: 486 (unified by Clovis) National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789) Constitution: 28 September 1958, amended concerning election of president in 1962, amended to comply with provisions of EC Maastricht Treaty in 1992; amended to tighten immigration laws 1993 Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; review of administrative but not legislative acts Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981); election last held 8 May 1988 (next to be held by May 1995); results - Second Ballot Francois MITTERRAND 54%, Jacques CHIRAC 46% head of government: Prime Minister Edouard BALLADUR (since 29 March 1993) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on the suggestion of the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlement) THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Government Senate (Senat): elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held September 1995; nine-year term, elected by thirds every three years); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (321 total; 296 metropolitan France, 13 for overseas departments and territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad) RPR 91, UDF 142, PS 66, PCF 16, independents 2, other 4 National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (577 total) RPR 247, UDF 213, PS 67, PCF 24, independents 26 Judicial branch: Constitutional Court (Cour Constitutionnelle) Political parties and leaders: Rally for the Republic (RPR), Alain JUPPE, interim head; Union for French Democracy (UDF, coalition of PR, CDS, RAD, PSD), Valery Giscard d'ESTAING; Republican Party (PR), Gerard LONGUET; Center for Social Democrats (CDS), Francois BAYROU; Radical (RAD), Yves GALLAND; Socialist Party (PS), Henri EMMANUELLI; Left Radical Movement (MRG), Jean-Francois HORY; Communist Party (PCF), Robert HUE; National Front (FN), Jean-Marie LE PEN; The Greens, Antoine WAECHTER, Jean-Louis VIDAL, Guy CAMBOT; Generation Ecology (GE), Brice LALONDE Other political or pressure groups: Communist-controlled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail - CGT) nearly 2.4 million members (claimed); Socialist-leaning labor union (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail or CFDT) about 800,000 members (est.); independent labor union (Force Ouvriere) 1 million members (est.); independent white-collar union (Confederation Generale des Cadres) 340,000 members (claimed); National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais - CNPF or Patronat) Member of: ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECA (associate), ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, FAO, FZ, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Jacques ANDREANI chancery: 4101 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 944-6000 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico) US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela C. HARRIMAN embassy: 2 Avenue Gabriel, 75382 Paris Cedex 08 mailing address: Unit 21551, Paris; APO AE 09777 telephone: [33] (1) 42 96 12 02, 42 61 80 75 FAX: [33] (1) 42 66 97 83 THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Government consulate(s) general: Bordeaux, Marseille, Strasbourg Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the French Tricouleur (Tricolor); the design and colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, and Luxembourg; the official flag for all French dependent areas THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Economy Overview: One of the world's most highly developed economies, France has substantial agricultural resources and a diversified modern industrial sector. Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and subsidies have combined to make it the leading agricultural producer in Western Europe. Largely self-sufficient in agricultural products, France is a major exporter of wheat and dairy products. The industrial sector generates about one-quarter of GDP, and the growing services sector has become crucial to the economy. Following stagnation and recession in 1991-93, French GDP in 1994 expanded 2.4%. Growth in 1995 is expected to be in the 3.0% to 3.5% range. Persistently high unemployment will still pose a major problem for the government. Paris remains committed to maintaining the franc-deutsche mark parity, which has kept French interest rates high despite France's low inflation. Although the pace of economic and financial integration within the European Union has slowed down, integration presumably will remain a major force shaping the fortunes of the various economic sectors over the next few years. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.0801 trillion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $18,670 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.6% (1994) Unemployment rate: 12.6% (yearend 1994) Budget: revenues: $220.5 billion expenditures: $249.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $47 billion (1993 budget) Exports: $249.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, agricultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing partners: Germany 18.6%, Italy 11.0%, Spain 11.0%, Belgium-Luxembourg 9.1%, UK 8.8%, Netherlands 7.9%, US 6.4%, Japan 2.0%, FSU 0.7% (1991 est.) Imports: $238.1 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: crude oil, machinery and equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, iron and steel products partners: Germany 17.8%, Italy 10.9%, US 9.5%, Netherlands 8.9%, Spain 8.8%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8.5%, UK 7.5%, Japan 4.1%, FSU 1.3% (1991 est.) External debt: $300 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 2.6% (1994 est.) Electricity: capacity: 105,250,000 kW production: 447 billion kWh consumption per capita: 6,149 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Economy Industries: steel, machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, mining, textiles, food processing, tourism Agriculture: accounts for 4% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); one of the world's top five wheat producers; other principal products - beef, dairy products, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate-zone foods; shortages include fats and oils and tropical produce, but overall net exporter of farm products; fish catch of 850,000 metric tons ranks among world's top 20 countries and is all used domestically Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $75.1 billion Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9243 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Transportation Railroads: total: 34,074 km standard gauge: 33,975 km 1.435-m gauge (5,850 km electrified; 12,132 km double or multiple track) other: 99 km various gauges including 1.000-m (privately owned and operated) (1994) Highways: total: 1,511,200 km paved: 811,200 km (including 7,700 km of controlled access divided highway) unpaved: 700,000 km (1992) Inland waterways: 14,932 km; 6,969 km heavily traveled Pipelines: crude oil 3,059 km; petroleum products 4,487 km; natural gas 24,746 km Ports: Bordeaux, Boulogne, Cherbourg, Dijon, Dunkerque, La Pallice, Le Havre, Lyon, Marseille, Mullhouse, Nantes, Paris, Rouen, Saint Nazaire, Saint Malo, Strasbourg Merchant marine: total: 78 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,186,183 GRT/3,323,068 DWT ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 7, chemical tanker 6, container 15, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 21, passenger 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 2 note: France also maintains a captive register for French-owned ships in the Kerguelen Islands (French Southern and Antarctic Lands) and French Polynesia Airports: total: 476 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 12 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 29 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 96 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 74 with paved runways under 914 m: 188 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 74 THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Communications Telephone system: 39,200,000 telephones; highly developed; extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks; large-scale introduction of optical-fiber systems; satellite systems for domestic traffic local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay, optical fiber cable, and domestic satellites international: 2 INTELSAT earth stations (with total of 5 antennas - 2 Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean); HF radio communications with more than 20 countries; INMARSAT service; EUTELSAT TV service Radio: broadcast stations: AM 41, FM 800 (mostly repeaters), shortwave 0 radios: 48 million Television: broadcast stations: 846 (mostly repeaters) televisions: 36 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK France Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy (includes Naval Air), Air Force and Air Defense, National Gendarmerie Manpower availability: males age 15-49 14,740,155; males fit for military service 12,258,691; males reach military age (18) annually 378,489 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $47.1 billion, 3.1% of GDP (1995) 8FRANCE - Passport required to visit France, Andorra, Monaco, Corsica and French Polynesia. Visa not required for tourist/business stay up to 3 months in France, Andorra, Monaco and Corsica, and 1 month in French Polynesia (officials/diplomats, journalists on assignment, ship or plane crew members, and students are required to obtain a visa in advance. For further information consult Embassy of France, 4101 Reservoir Rd., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/944-6200/6215) or nearest Consulate: CA (310/479-4426 or 415/397-4330), FL (305/372-9798), GA (404/522-4226), HI (808/599-4458), IL (312/787-5359), LA (504/523-5774), ME (617/482-3650), MI (313/568-0990), NY (212/606-3600), PR (809/753-1700) or TX (713/528-2181). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - France and Monaco ============================================================ France and Monaco - Consular Information Sheet December 6, 1995 Country Description: France is a highly developed and stable democracy with a modern economy. Monaco is a constitutional monarchy and a highly developed European nation. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information on entry requirements for both France and Monaco, travelers may contact the Embassy of France at at 4101 Reservoir Road, N.W. Washington, DC 20007, tel: (202) 944-6000, or the nearest French Consulate General in Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco or San Juan. Travelers to Monaco may also contact the nearest Honorary Consulate of Monaco in Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Palm Beach, Florida, Philadelphia, San Francisco, San Juan or Washington, D.C. Medical Facilities: Medical care is widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline on (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: France and Monaco both have relatively low rates of violent crime. Crimes involving larceny are increasingly more common. Pickpocketing, theft of unattended baggage and theft from rental cars or vehicles with out-of-town or foreign license plates are daily occurrences. Criminals often operate around popular tourist attractions such as museums, monuments, restaurants, hotels, beaches, and on trains and subways. Americans in France and Monaco should be particularly alert to pickpockets on trains and subways, as well as in train and subway stations. Travelers are advised to carry only whatever cash and personal checks are absolutely necessary, leaving extra cash, credit cards, personal documents, and passport copies at home or in the hotel safe. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In France, the penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are very strict. Convicted offenders can expect a significant jail sentence and a heavy customs fine; failure to pay can result in upwards of an additional two years imprisonment. Dual Nationality: U.S. citizens who are considered to have also acquired French citizenship may be subject to compulsory military service and other aspects of French law while in France. Those who might be affected can inquire at a French Embassy or consulate regarding their status. In some instances, dual nationality may hamper U.S. government efforts to provide protection abroad. Other Information: Certain Air France flights between France and various Middle Eastern points (usually Damascus or Amman) make en route stops in Beirut. U.S. passports are not valid for travel to, in, or through Lebanon unless special validation has been obtained from the Department of State. Terrorist Activities: Civil disorder is rare in France. However, over the past year, terrorist groups have committed violent acts in France, including a few closely-targeted political assassinations. Recent bombings in Paris also appear to be the work of terrorists, and have killed or injured French citizens and foreign visitors. However, there is no indication that these acts are specifically directed at American citizens, American business or American interests. These bombings have resulted in an increased police presence at airports, metro and train stations, etc. The Basque Separatist Party (ETA) and the National Front for the Liberation of Corsica (FLNC), continue to operate in the south of France and have occasionally bombed local government institutions, travel agencies, etc. ETA and FLNC attacks usually occur late in the evening in an apparent attempt to minimize casualties. Over the last year, terrorist groups have committed other terrorist acts, including a few closely targeted political killings and kidnappings, but no Americans have been affected. Registration and Embassy/Consulate Locations: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section in the U.S. Embassy or one of the three Consulates, where they may obtain updated information on travel and security in France. There is no U.S. embassy or consulate in Monaco. For assistance and registration in Monaco, U.S. citizens can contact the U.S. consulate general in Marseille or the U.S. Consular agent in Nice. The U.S. Embassy in Paris is located at 2 Avenue Gabriel, telephone (33) 1-42-96-12-02, fax (33) 1-42-66-97-83. The Consular Section is located one block away, across the Place de la Concorde, at 2 Rue St. Florentin, fax (33) 1-42-86-82-91. The U.S. Consulate in Bordeaux is located at: 22 Cours du Marechal Foch, telephone (33) 56-52-65-95, fax (33) 56-51-60-42. The U.S. Consulate in Marseille is located at: 12 Boulevard Paul Peytral, telephone (33) 91-54-92-00, fax (33) 91-55-09-47. The U.S. Consulate in Strasbourg is located at: 15 Avenue d'Alsace, telephone (33) 88-35-31-04, fax (33) 88-24-06-95. There is a Consular Agent in Nice, at 31 Rue du Marechal Joffre, telephone (33) 16-93-88-89-55, fax (33) 16- 93-87-07-38. No. 95-157 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for France dated September 14, 1995, to add information on Monaco. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - France and Monaco ============================================================ France and Monaco - Consular Information Sheet December 6, 1995 Country Description: France is a highly developed and stable democracy with a modern economy. Monaco is a constitutional monarchy and a highly developed European nation. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information on entry requirements for both France and Monaco, travelers may contact the Embassy of France at at 4101 Reservoir Road, N.W. Washington, DC 20007, tel: (202) 944-6000, or the nearest French Consulate General in Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco or San Juan. Travelers to Monaco may also contact the nearest Honorary Consulate of Monaco in Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Palm Beach, Florida, Philadelphia, San Francisco, San Juan or Washington, D.C. Medical Facilities: Medical care is widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline on (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: France and Monaco both have relatively low rates of violent crime. Crimes involving larceny are increasingly more common. Pickpocketing, theft of unattended baggage and theft from rental cars or vehicles with out-of-town or foreign license plates are daily occurrences. Criminals often operate around popular tourist attractions such as museums, monuments, restaurants, hotels, beaches, and on trains and subways. Americans in France and Monaco should be particularly alert to pickpockets on trains and subways, as well as in train and subway stations. Travelers are advised to carry only whatever cash and personal checks are absolutely necessary, leaving extra cash, credit cards, personal documents, and passport copies at home or in the hotel safe. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In France, the penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are very strict. Convicted offenders can expect a significant jail sentence and a heavy customs fine; failure to pay can result in upwards of an additional two years imprisonment. Dual Nationality: U.S. citizens who are considered to have also acquired French citizenship may be subject to compulsory military service and other aspects of French law while in France. Those who might be affected can inquire at a French Embassy or consulate regarding their status. In some instances, dual nationality may hamper U.S. government efforts to provide protection abroad. Other Information: Certain Air France flights between France and various Middle Eastern points (usually Damascus or Amman) make en route stops in Beirut. U.S. passports are not valid for travel to, in, or through Lebanon unless special validation has been obtained from the Department of State. Terrorist Activities: Civil disorder is rare in France. However, over the past year, terrorist groups have committed violent acts in France, including a few closely-targeted political assassinations. Recent bombings in Paris also appear to be the work of terrorists, and have killed or injured French citizens and foreign visitors. However, there is no indication that these acts are specifically directed at American citizens, American business or American interests. These bombings have resulted in an increased police presence at airports, metro and train stations, etc. The Basque Separatist Party (ETA) and the National Front for the Liberation of Corsica (FLNC), continue to operate in the south of France and have occasionally bombed local government institutions, travel agencies, etc. ETA and FLNC attacks usually occur late in the evening in an apparent attempt to minimize casualties. Over the last year, terrorist groups have committed other terrorist acts, including a few closely targeted political killings and kidnappings, but no Americans have been affected. Registration and Embassy/Consulate Locations: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section in the U.S. Embassy or one of the three Consulates, where they may obtain updated information on travel and security in France. There is no U.S. embassy or consulate in Monaco. For assistance and registration in Monaco, U.S. citizens can contact the U.S. consulate general in Marseille or the U.S. Consular agent in Nice. The U.S. Embassy in Paris is located at 2 Avenue Gabriel, telephone (33) 1-42-96-12-02, fax (33) 1-42-66-97-83. The Consular Section is located one block away, across the Place de la Concorde, at 2 Rue St. Florentin, fax (33) 1-42-86-82-91. The U.S. Consulate in Bordeaux is located at: 22 Cours du Marechal Foch, telephone (33) 56-52-65-95, fax (33) 56-51-60-42. The U.S. Consulate in Marseille is located at: 12 Boulevard Paul Peytral, telephone (33) 91-54-92-00, fax (33) 91-55-09-47. The U.S. Consulate in Strasbourg is located at: 15 Avenue d'Alsace, telephone (33) 88-35-31-04, fax (33) 88-24-06-95. There is a Consular Agent in Nice, at 31 Rue du Marechal Joffre, telephone (33) 16-93-88-89-55, fax (33) 16- 93-87-07-38. No. 95-157 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for France dated September 14, 1995, to add information on Monaco. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 &(11((M n~~vv u~u)~ egCECCsP kgCA(C ECA;C \CCcj S\COnE DCCK~O \EtYCNEOJg SSKWc\S S(0(( D0>(0,( 0;0J(( (Fhh% ((6 % p94%& ?# ## ?%?#?" X%??%#? O?#?#Q? >,(,( &6`M) O?#Q# Q#?##Q# 2?#%? &6MS% ?# #?J %%2X??J MMSSB9 ?>%?%,??%? 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Age structure: 0-14 years: 32% (female 22,511; male 23,535) 15-64 years: 63% (female 41,995; male 50,064) 65 years and over: 5% (female 3,608; male 3,557) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 4.13% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 25.23 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 20.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 15.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.52 years male: 72.27 years female: 78.94 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.46 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: French Guianese (singular and plural) adjective: French Guianese Ethnic divisions: black or mulatto 66%, Caucasian 12%, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10% Religions: Roman Catholic Languages: French Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982) total population: 83% male: 84% female: 82% Labor force: 23,265 by occupation: services, government, and commerce 60.6%, industry 21.2%, agriculture 18.2% (1980) THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Guiana Government Names: conventional long form: Department of Guiana conventional short form: French Guiana local long form: none local short form: Guyane Digraph: FG Type: overseas department of France Capital: Cayenne Administrative divisions: none (overseas department of France) Independence: none (overseas department of France) National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789) Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) Legal system: French legal system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981) head of government: Prefect Jean-Francois CORDET (since NA 1992); President of the General Council Elie CASTOR (since NA); President of the Regional Council Antoine KARAM (22 March 1993) cabinet: Council of Ministers Legislative branch: unicameral General Council and a unicameral Regional Council General Council: elections last held 25 September and 8 October 1988 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (19 total) PSG 12, URC 7 Regional Council: elections last held 22 March 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (31 total) PSG 16, FDG 10, RPR 2, independents 3 French Senate: elections last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held September 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) PSG 1 French National Assembly: elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) RPR 1, independent 1 Judicial branch: Court of Appeals (highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana) Political parties and leaders: Guianese Socialist Party (PSG), Elie CASTRO; Conservative Union for the Republic (UPR), Leon BERTRAND; Rally for the Center Right (URC); Rally for the Republic (RPR); Guyana Democratic Front (FDG), Georges OTHILY; Walwari Committee, Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Guiana Government Member of: FZ, WCL, WFTU Diplomatic representation in US: none (overseas department of France) US diplomatic representation: none (overseas department of France) Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Guiana Economy Overview: The economy is tied closely to that of France through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou, fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities, with exports of fish and fish products (mostly shrimp) accounting for more than 60% of total revenue in 1992. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry that provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops - rice, cassava, bananas, and sugarcane - is limited to the coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger workers. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $800 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $6,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (1992) Unemployment rate: 13% (1990) Budget: revenues: $735 million expenditures: $735 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1987) Exports: $59 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence partners: France 52%, Spain 15%, US 5% (1992) Imports: $1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1992) commodities: food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, producer goods, petroleum partners: France 77%, Germany 11%, US 5% (1992) External debt: $1.2 billion (1988) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 180,000 kW production: 450 million kWh consumption per capita: 3,149 kWh (1993) Industries: construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining Agriculture: some vegetables for local consumption; rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugar; livestock - cattle, pigs, poultry Illicit drugs: small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Guiana Economy Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.51 billion Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9243 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Guiana Transportation Railroads: total: 22 km (est.) Highways: 1,137 km paved: 455 km unpaved: improved, unimproved earth 682 km (1988) Inland waterways: 460 km, navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km navigable by native craft Ports: Cayenne, Degrad des Cannes, Saint-Laurent du Maroni Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 11 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 5 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Guiana Communications Telephone system: 18,100 telephones; fair open-wire and microwave radio relay system local: NA intercity: open wire and microwave radio relay international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 7, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 9 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Guiana Defense Forces Branches: French Forces, Gendarmerie Manpower availability: males age 15-49 41,986; males fit for military service 27,298 Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP Note: defense is the responsibility of France FRENCH GUIANA - Proof of U.S. citizenship and photo ID required for visit up to 3 weeks. (For stays longer than 3 weeks, a passport is required.) No visa required for stay up to 3 months. For further information consult Embassy of France, 4101 Reservoir Rd., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/944-6200/6215). Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights FRENCH_G d3p3{G language +K ++ !^ {m @{6mS^^Sm +{6mK {mS f !S {m +66@66@@6 @66@6@6@6@ 6@6@6@ @6@6@6@6@6 @6@66! p PLBBLBZ K^!! iLLPW i_BBsH =sBLBL BBPPj TGgT; _BBL_ @^{S^ jsjBB K@KzBW mm{{mS Bjj/B K^^@Km BLPsn LBLP3B EEDEDDEDED +@{@^ 6K6+{@{K XwwQ\ww QbXCX QX\C\QC>Q\ Q\QXbb K@6K sjP7B K^S^+ +^^S! +mS sK!@, s@@+1 sK6!9 sS ^8 sK!@7 s@!@7 6Az:B sm^66 @[sAB .33#3# ER8M# dE8"r HFWGB EMMa3 !+YWGB .EDMu !|YWGB G}&G} R33EE ad#.) 3fzFa i_PHB fpfRf fRIIR dR]Zfxf pfRf~ oordpp UoUtt ,U9fp 9RRdf o*>:* *0'*0**2*> ''2'*20>>0 0*'>C> '0* *2-*'*202' **'0*20>> '**'0,*9 B 2*9 B '*9 B '09 B C*09 B **'*''** '' '**'* '**9 B 7'C\J '-\\J : ,*9 B Z'*'* 0*0*0*0*0* 0*0*0*0*0* 0*0*0*0*0* ''*0*0*0*0 0*0*0*0*0* 0*0*0*0*0* 4<44<44<44 <44<44<44< 44<44<44<4 4<44<44<44 <4<44<44<4 4<44<44<44 <<4R B L_BBLBPBWB LBBLLBPP jWPWPPWBBL WL_PLPLL_P LB_LLs^ PLBPWBLB BLBL_ BBPBBs^ ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; 55,&&(, &,#,&& 33ee3 676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 76767676 French Polynesia Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights FRENCH_P x8dot3 French language ' THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia Header Affiliation: (overseas territory of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia Geography Location: Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from South America to Australia Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 3,941 sq km land area: 3,660 sq km comparative area: slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 2,525 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical, but moderate Terrain: mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs Natural resources: timber, fish, cobalt Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 19% meadows and pastures: 5% forest and woodland: 31% other: 44% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: occasional cyclonic storms in January international agreements: NA Note: includes five archipelagoes; Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia People Population: 219,999 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 36% (female 38,361; male 39,744) 15-64 years: 60% (female 64,034; male 69,024) 65 years and over: 4% (female 4,437; male 4,399) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.23% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 27.56 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.27 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 14.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.75 years male: 68.32 years female: 73.29 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.3 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: French Polynesian(s) adjective: French Polynesian Ethnic divisions: Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%, metropolitan French 4% Religions: Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 16% Languages: French (official), Tahitian (official) Literacy: age 14 and over can read and write but definition of literary not available (1977) total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% Labor force: 76,630 employed (1988) THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of French Polynesia conventional short form: French Polynesia local long form: Territoire de la Polynesie Francaise local short form: Polynesie Francaise Digraph: FP Type: overseas territory of France since 1946 Capital: Papeete Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 5 archipelagic divisions named Archipel des Marquises, Archipel des Tuamotu, Archipel des Tubuai, Iles du Vent, and Iles Sous-le-Vent note: Clipperton Island is administered by France from French Polynesia Independence: none (overseas territory of France) National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789) Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) Legal system: based on French system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981); High Commissioner of the Republic Paul RONCIERE (since 8 August 1994) head of government: President of the Territorial Government of French Polynesia Gaston FLOSSE (since 10 May 1991); Deputy to the French Assembly and President of the Territorial Assembly Jean JUVENTIN (since NA November 1992); Territorial Vice President and Minister of Health Michel BUILLARD (since 12 September 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers; president submits a list of members of the Assembly for approval by them to serve as ministers Legislative branch: unicameral Territorial Assembly: elections last held 17 March 1991 (next to be held March 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (41 total) People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 18, Polynesian Union Party 12, New Fatherland Party 7, other 4 French Senate: elections last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held September 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) party NA French National Assembly: elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia Government Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, Court of the First Instance, Court of Administrative Law Political parties and leaders: People's Rally for the Republic (Tahoeraa Huiraatira), Gaston FLOSSE; Polynesian Union Party (includes Te Tiarama), Alexandre LEONTIEFF; Here Ai'a Party, Jean JUVENTIN; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api), Emile VERNAUDON; Polynesian Liberation Front (Tavini Hviraatira No Te Ao Maohi), Oscar TEMARU; Independent Party (Ia Mana Te Nunaa), Jacques DROLLET; other small parties Member of: ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: none (overseas territory of France) US diplomatic representation: none (overseas territory of France) Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia Economy Overview: Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. Tourism accounts for about 20% of GDP and is a primary source of hard currency earnings. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.5 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $7,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.7% (1991) Unemployment rate: 10% (1990 est.) Budget: revenues: $614 million expenditures: $957 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988) Exports: $88.9 million (f.o.b., 1989) commodities: coconut products 79%, mother-of-pearl 14%, vanilla, shark meat partners: France 54%, US 17%, Japan 17% Imports: $765 million (c.i.f., 1989) commodities: fuels, foodstuffs, equipment partners: France 53%, US 11%, Australia 6%, NZ 5% External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for 15% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 75,000 kW production: 275 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,189 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts Agriculture: coconut and vanilla plantations; vegetables and fruit; poultry, beef, dairy products Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $3.95 billion Currency: 1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 96.25 (January 1995), 100.94 (1994), 102.96 (1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991), 99.00 (1990); note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia Economy Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 600 km (1982) paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Mataura, Papeete, Rikitea, Uturoa Merchant marine: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,127 GRT/6,710 DWT ships by type: passenger-cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 note: a subset of the French register allowing French-owned ships to operate under more liberal taxation and manning regulations than permissable under the main French register Airports: total: 43 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 14 with paved runways under 914 m: 18 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia Communications Telephone system: 33,200 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: 84,000 Television: broadcast stations: 6 televisions: 26,400 THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Polynesia Defense Forces Branches: French Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie Note: defense is responsibility of France FRENCH POLYNESIA - Includes Society Islands, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Tuamotu, Gambier, French Austral, Marquesas, Kerguelen, Crozet, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Wallis and Furtuna Islands. Passport required. Visa not required for visit up to 1 month. For longer stays and further information consult Embassy of France (202/944-6200/6215). French Polynesia (Tahiti) - Consular Information Sheet July 20, 1994 Country Description: French Polynesia is a French overseas territory located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It is made up of several groups of tropical islands, the largest and most populated of which is Tahiti. French Polynesia's only international airport is located on Tahiti. Small commuter airplanes are the most widely-used type of transportation in the far-flung territory. French Polynesia has a moderately-developed economy, which is dependent on heavily-taxed imported goods, tourism, and the financial assistance of mainland France. Tourist facilities are available on the major islands. Entry Requirements: Passports but no visas are required for U.S. citizen tourists and business travelers arriving with return tickets and staying 30 days or less. U.S. citizens contemplating longer stays or planning to work or study in French Polynesia require both passports and visas. For more information about entry requirements, travelers may contact the French Embassy at 4101 Reservoir Road N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 944-6000. Medical Facilities: Medical treatment is generally good on the major islands, but is limited in areas that are more remote or less populated. Emergency patients and those with serious illnesses are often referred for treatment to facilities on Tahiti. In Papeete, the capital of Tahiti, there are two major hospitals as well as several private clinics that provide 24- hour medical service. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services provided to patients who are not local residents. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid overseas and health care, like most goods and services available in French Polynesia, is costly. Supplemental medical insurance which specifically covers overseas treatment has proved useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, occurs. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police, and the nearest U.S. embassy. Useful information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal security is available in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use and sale of illegal drugs are strict. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Suva, Fiji, can obtain updated information on travel and security in Tahiti and the other islands of French Polynesia. Embassy and Consulate Locations: There is no U.S. embassy or consulate on Tahiti nor on any of the other French Polynesian islands. U.S. citizens seeking assistance can contact the U.S. Embassy in Suva, Fiji, which is located at 31 Loftus Street or P.O. Box 218, Suva, Fiji; telephone (679) 314- No. 94-119 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 9, 1993, reissued without change following an annual review. Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad movie_1 jpocoocl ecceeue `ik't kegcfc kcecfc ccsucecsv pyceccljce efecceec y}oeeceecf fccfe eecceeceec efeeffe ceccecfece 9--^w9G^- >2O.2 OO.>, 2OO,,2 eccec cce|c jcecjcjjce efcefzc oecczuccfj cj~jcj~jc~ ~ccef{c ezfcc ffe|c flfefcjoc w %99 ecffcj efcefeec cfeefcc`c cecce>c ZS=|Sh|| ec}lcf;c cfef\c eef>c ceeBc ecloceCc zce>c ec}lWc }cepc }ceRc eccece ccecc ellejfflee llccquseju uoceccesuq bkkbi/c eecjVc cecce c[SCVclf szd[VV ecece ~ceHc gc[[{ jscfe espccfeecf soccpuseju soqjsecsuq cbbdac p}oocececq dbecfc cceecc lfecm jffcllc ecffcjlf ejejelecjc flfFc ecec}lcec fcfcceeHc cjcec} fqccl eccecys ycc~vcl y}s~ce eeccs }ceccfc flfcjfccee eeccqfco ecceecc }cececc c}lc}s }covjyce}c cjceFc feffce eccfcejeff cecce ccqeefjo jffceccee eeceececce cfjceceFc fcec} eecceecs cfcuu ecz}y ceeccq cuycc ceccfjecc efqxc ecceeccec }cebc ejelfeffjf jefeeljcjj?c fccjc feccfc }ce:9 >>9>:>9:9 19:99:9 :9>99 9:99: :9:9> >:>:9 9>:99 9::9:99: :9::9>>:= 9:9:9 -=:>9 91191 1-:19 919191 French Southern Lands Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Southern and Antarctic Lands Header Affiliation: (overseas territory of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Southern and Antarctic Lands Geography Location: Southern Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - "French Southern and Antarctic Lands" includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antartica, "Terre Adelie"; the United States does not recognize the French claim to "Terre Adelie" Map references: Antarctic Region Area: total area: 7,781 sq km land area: 7,781 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Delaware note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Terre Adelie" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 1,232 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm from Iles Kerguelen only territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: "Terre Adelie" claim in Antarctica is not recognized by the US Climate: antarctic Terrain: volcanic Natural resources: fish, crayfish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes international agreements: NA Note: remote location in the southern Indian Ocean THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Southern and Antarctic Lands People Population: no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are researchers whose numbers vary from 150 in winter (July) to 200 in summer (January) THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Southern and Antarctic Lands Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises Digraph: FS Type: overseas territory of France since 1955; governed by High Administrator Bernard de GOUTTES (since May 1990), who is assisted by a 7-member Consultative Council and a 12-member Scientific Council Capital: none; administered from Paris, France Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Terre Adelie" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US Independence: none (overseas territory of France) Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Southern and Antarctic Lands Economy Overview: Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion. Budget: revenues: $17.5 million expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Southern and Antarctic Lands Transportation Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: none; offshore anchorage only Merchant marine: total: 48 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,290,975 GRT/2,403,050 DWT ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 6, chemical tanker 4, container 1, liquefied gas tanker 3, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 15, refrigerated cargo 4, roll-on/roll-off cargo 8, specialized liquefied tanker 1 note: a subset of the French register allowing French-owned ships to operate under more liberal taxation and manning regulations than permissable under the main French register Airports: none THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Southern and Antarctic Lands Communications Telephone system: NA telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK French Southern and Antarctic Lands Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of France Show Map x8dot3 " . {G @ L M ` l f Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights FRENCH_S " . {G @ L M ` l f tqtq~ {qqtq qqvqtw kuouou{owu ww{wwmo{w{ qvyty yqkjkm#q mmqqtt jkuaq qttqqtqqtq qtqqttq qqtBq ~kjmbq yqqtvqqyqq vtqtv@q tvtqz qqvttqq qqtvAq )&_;)/&&_ _//_/ &_/ vqqvvqqtqq vvqtAq ;)) )& tyytyyztyq tvtvtvqtzv qyytzytvt +%""$%+ A(lAd, qorvqqmqm +9(A} (}1." ,}(^3 ttqtytbq zqqtvaq qvtvq vqvvqtvqvq ttqtqtKq qyyqv qztqtv qvqvvtvNq oqt'q qtqov{ qqttqtqqtq qttqqtqt qztvv vt{{ttvvqv tqvvtv qtyKq ttqvvqvqqv tqyqqvtv tvtyt {qqvtqvt tvqqvtqvqt vttqt ttqvvLq vyqtRq tztyqq qxtqtq {qqvqttq qttq~ zqtztt zvqqytqvyy qzttyztvy tyyttytvvq vzttzvtzyy qtytyt|q vqqzyqvtqt tzvqv~q vyqqy zqvtvv}q tvqqttqv yqyyqt ttqv~q tqqtqqttqt qtqt}q TTWWTT TTWWTT WWTWWT TTWTW TTWWTTWTTW WWTWW TWWTWWT QTTKLPXoqo GCFGG GGQFHOFGFC EGEGWHHTFG FCEGE YH>FWGGYE> WIGQFHIWOI QEOEGECFGE OOEKIEGEGG EGECEGE QOFTHGFGEC EGEIYEHKWQ GGEECGG>GG CEGECFGEOK FOWGKTGHFG EGGQQEWIKK FKEGEIYFKQ CFG>>CGGKQ FQKGHFFCEG EGYFFKWTOH >QOLPXoqo TiYIG`]`[G K=T\>b]bie OcQ6Q\4b]b Q2\|c6TQ4e i6HH=`\E7> F>b@bOei`] b>C`RFcTbK GbTcibTbGK O=>]7QWbTc ibTbF4bRE6 =OGbbiMYi` OgbOei`]b> Eb=7YH=`Rb ]bGT==`:EC EbDb]bF4]R 7OKGgbO OT>=`:E\\` bieOcQ4\\C \i>ELMXoqo QLPXoqo >HDI> 4SXoqo |>WEi \22PI @SXoqo 7[OCR |>QO= |>TQD> 7UMXoqo s>WCi |>QOT> eEPXoqo =TIT= >QIT= bFPXoqo >==7HM 47IT=>==C -:7IIY6 WI==E6 OG4>P>:= -6>MF 7==OC4=44C 6=74=M =G=7IG6=74 =MK7:- C4=44D> >H=G4>P>6= 26H7C:= GT7C7>M g7TII M=E>4GI 47IO=:* 7DE4ILPXoq QWTWKI[WQ[ [IIWQ[Fi TK[II[TIT[ TIOWTWIO[Q W[O[WW[W WKT[II[WW[ WII[[G O[QW[TQ2 =TWI[WIT[Q [WOWO[T2 iC]O[QI IWQO[KI[WQ [[IIW`= >[K[ILPXoq cRYG I T>CG| Y=FIRgEM LPXoqo -J8<< VNJ<<'J N<8<8DN MXqqo tpjn?N UZXqqo ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Gabon Map Button Image 0 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gabon Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Congo and Equatorial Guinea Map references: Africa Area: total area: 267,670 sq km land area: 257,670 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Colorado Land boundaries: total 2,551 km, Cameroon 298 km, Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km Coastline: 885 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: maritime boundary dispute with Equatorial Guinea because of disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay Climate: tropical; always hot, humid Terrain: narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south Natural resources: petroleum, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 18% forest and woodland: 78% other: 2% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: deforestation; poaching natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gabon People Population: 1,155,749 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 34% (female 193,859; male 194,761) 15-64 years: 61% (female 347,839; male 359,997) 65 years and over: 5% (female 30,218; male 29,075) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.46% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 28.34 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 13.72 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 92.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 55.14 years male: 52.31 years female: 58.06 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.93 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Gabonese (singular and plural) adjective: Gabonese Ethnic divisions: Bantu tribes including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Bapounou, Bateke), other Africans and Europeans 100,000, including 27,000 French Religions: Christian 55%-75%, Muslim less than 1%, animist Languages: French (official), Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 61% male: 74% female: 48% Labor force: 120,000 salaried by occupation: agriculture 65.0%, industry and commerce 30.0%, services 2.5%, government 2.5% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gabon Government Names: conventional long form: Gabonese Republic conventional short form: Gabon local long form: Republique Gabonaise local short form: Gabon Digraph: GB Type: republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized 1990) Capital: Libreville Administrative divisions: 9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem Independence: 17 August 1960 (from France) National holiday: Renovation Day, 12 March (1968) (Gabonese Democratic Party established) Constitution: adopted 14 March 1991 Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President El Hadj Omar BONGO (since 2 December 1967); election last held on 5 December 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - President Omar BONGO was reelected with 51% of the vote head of government: Prime Minister Paulin OBAME Nguema (since 9 December 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held on 5 December 1993 (next to be held by 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) PDG 62, Morena-Bucherons/RNB 19, PGP 18, National Recovery Movement (Morena-Original) 7, APSG 6, USG 4, CRP 1, independents 3 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) Political parties and leaders: Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG, former sole party), Jaques ADIAHENOT, Secretary General; National Recovery Movement - Lumberjacks (Morena-Bucherons/RNB), Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE, leader; Gabonese Party for Progress (PGP), Pierre-Louis AGONDHO-OKAWE, President; National Recovery Movement (Morena-Original), Pierre ZONGUE-NGUEMA, Chairman; Association for Socialism in Gabon (APSG), leader NA; Gabonese Socialist Union (USG), leader NA; Circle for Renewal and Progress (CRP), leader NA; Union for Democracy and Development (UDD), leader NA; Rally of Democrats (RD), leader NA; Forces of Change for Democratic Union, leader NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gabon Government Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Paul BOUNDOUKOU-LATHA chancery: 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007, Suite 200 telephone: [1] (202) 797-1000 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph C. WILSON IV embassy: Boulevard de la Mer, Libreville mailing address: B. P. 4000, Libreville telephone: [241] 76 20 03 through 76 20 04, 74 34 92 FAX: [241] 74 55 07 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gabon Economy Overview: Notwithstanding its serious ongoing economic problems, Gabon enjoys a per capita income more than twice that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. The oil sector now accounts for 50% of GDP. Real growth was feeble in 1992 and Gabon continues to face the problem of fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, manganese, and uranium exports. Despite an abundance of natural wealth, and a manageable rate of population growth, the economy is hobbled by poor fiscal management. In 1992, the fiscal deficit widened to 2.4% of GDP, and Gabon failed to settle arrears on its bilateral debt, leading to a cancellation of rescheduling agreements with official and private creditors. Devaluation of its Francophone currency by 50% in January 1994 did not set off an expected inflationary spiral but the government must continue to keep a tight reign on spending and wage increases. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.6 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 1.9% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $4,900 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 35% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $1.3 billion expenditures: $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $311 million (1993 est.) Exports: $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est) commodities: crude oil 80%, timber 10%, manganese 6%, uranium 2% partners: US 38%, France 26%, Japan, Germany Imports: $832 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: foodstuffs, chemical products, petroleum products, construction materials, manufactures, machinery partners: France 42%, African countries 23%, US, Japan External debt: $3.3 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -3% (1991) Electricity: capacity: 315,000 kW production: 910 million kWh consumption per capita: 757 kWh (1993) Industries: food and beverages, lumbering and plywood, textiles, cement, petroleum refining, mining - manganese, uranium, gold, petroleum THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gabon Economy Agriculture: cash crops - cocoa, coffee, palm oil; livestock raising not developed; importer of food; small fishing operations provide a catch of about 20,000 metric tons; okoume (a tropical softwood) is the most important timber product Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $68 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2.342 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $27 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gabon Transportation Railroads: total: 649 km single track (Transgabonese Railroad) standard gauge: 649 km 1.437-m gauge Highways: total: 7,500 km paved: 560 km unpaved: crushed stone 960 km; earth 5,980 km Inland waterways: 1,600 km perennially navigable Pipelines: crude oil 270 km; petroleum products 14 km Ports: Cape Lopez, Kango, Lambarene, Libreville, Owendo, Port-Gentil Merchant marine: total: 1 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,281 GRT/12,665 DWT Airports: 69 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 28 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 8 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 23 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gabon Communications Telephone system: 15,000 telephones; telephone density - 13/1,000 persons local: NA intercity: adequate system, comprising cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiocommunication stations, and 12 domestic satellite links international: 3 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 3 (repeaters 5) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gabon Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Presidential Guard, National Gendarmerie, National Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 272,025; males fit for military service 138,197; males reach military age (20) annually 10,516 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $154 million, 2.4% of GDP (1993) GABON - Passport and visa required. Visas must be obtained before arrival. Single-entry visa valid up to 1 month, multiple-entry visa valid for 2-4 months. Both visas require 2 application forms, 2 photos, small pox and yellow fever vaccinations, and $50 fee (no personal checks accepted). Also need detailed travel arrangements, including flight numbers, arrival and departure dates, accommodations and next destination. Business visa requires company letter stating purpose of trip and contacts in Gabon. Accompanying family must be included in letter. For longer stays and other information call Embassy of the Gabonese Republic, 2034 20th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/797-1000) or the Permanent Mission of the Gabonese Republic to the UN, 18 East 41st St., 6th Floor, New York, NY 10017 (212/686-9720). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Gabon ============================================================ Gabon - Consular Information Sheet February 8, 1995 Country Description: Gabon is a developing nation in west central Africa. French is the official language. Facilities for tourism outside the capital city, Libreville, are limited. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Evidence of a yellow fever vaccination must be submitted. Foreigners who plan to reside in Gabon permanently or for an extended period must apply for and obtain a valid Gabonese residency card (Carte de Sejour). This card should be carried at all times, as police frequently stop foreigners and ask to examine it. The card may be obtained from the Gabonese Center for Documentation upon presentation of proof of employment and the appropriate fees. For further information on entry requirements, travelers may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Gabon, 2035 20th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, telephone (202) 797-1000. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Gabon are limited. Some medicines are not available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on health matters may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime, such as robbery and mugging, is common, especially in urban areas. Violent crime such as armed robbery, while not endemic, is on the rise. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa," provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Libreville can obtain updated information on travel and security in Gabon. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located on Boulevard de la Mer in the capital city of Libreville. The mailing address is B.P. 4000, Libreville, Gabon. The telephone numbers are (241) 762-003/4 or 743-492. No. 95-023 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated December 15, 1993, to inform of the residency card requirement, to delete the paragraph on Areas of Instability and to note a rise in violent crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GABON Q(Q{G ZQFQM language icicci rQKP> KQi8> ";dYnY O;YdO;" >>ZF>F>Z> ZF>F>FKF > fOdYd VtD>> >>D>>D>D dOY;OOn 5n";55 F>FKL> 5YOO" E55d" %]LXLX LXXLXLL F>F>ZQ@> n"5EO; ;Y**5 E;OOY* ZcrcZ>>ZKZ c>ri;> Il@@lR "5((5( (5((5((5(( 5((5((6((5 ((5((5((5( (5((5 R$/$) ggo#g \2}P2g j]mX~X ..].::&&.& .:jBB .BmB:X. K>FQF>>K sGwxx rKZbr FKFKKF> cZriu x.BL& &j]L. L']&%] 2P}++ qUqJ>DVJJD Uq>F xx,L:] j?X:: "ddYO5EE kGGF$> $))$))$$ $)4)$$) )$)4$ $4$$/)$)4$ /))G%> ))G%> ))G&> )4$$)_ )$4)$ l $$)) 4)$))$$)$$ MJ]$0)$4ll $Rl@$ G))//) /))/)/)//$ $)/)/)/)/) /)/)/)/)/) dEEOO; F| E*V =NP=++= i>QiF > 2\+\PgN r>J[_ o}}g= #\H\#= gN+2=2 #\}=\ ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; J&4&4&4 4&4&4 4&4&4 4&4&4 4&4&4 4&4&4 4&4&4 4&4&4&4 4&4&4 4&4&4 4&4&4 4&4&J The Gambia Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights THE_GAMB x8dot3 English (British) language . THE WORLD FACTBOOK The Gambia Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal Map references: Africa Area: total area: 11,300 sq km land area: 10,000 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Delaware Land boundaries: total 740 km, Senegal 740 km Coastline: 80 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: not specified exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: short section of boundary with Senegal is indefinite Climate: tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) Terrain: flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 16% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 9% forest and woodland: 20% other: 55% Irrigated land: 120 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent natural hazards: rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last thirty years international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification Note: almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa THE WORLD FACTBOOK The Gambia People Population: 989,273 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47% (female 231,636; male 231,053) 15-64 years: 51% (female 257,329; male 244,947) 65 years and over: 2% (female 11,850; male 12,458) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.08% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 45.97 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 15.19 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 120.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 50.55 years male: 48.25 years female: 52.92 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.23 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Gambian(s) adjective: Gambian Ethnic divisions: African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-Gambian 1% Religions: Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1% Languages: English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 27% male: 39% female: 16% Labor force: 400,000 (1986 est.) by occupation: agriculture 75.0%, industry, commerce, and services 18.9%, government 6.1% THE WORLD FACTBOOK The Gambia Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia conventional short form: The Gambia Digraph: GA Type: republic under multiparty democratic rule Capital: Banjul Administrative divisions: 5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Lower River, MacCarthy Island, North Bank, Upper River, Western Independence: 18 February 1965 (from UK; The Gambia and Senegal signed an agreement on 12 December 1981 that called for the creation of a loose confederation to be known as Senegambia, but the agreement was dissolved on 30 September 1989) National holiday: Independence Day, 18 February (1965) Constitution: 24 April 1970 Legal system: based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council Capt. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since the military coup of 22 July 1994); Vice Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council Capt. Edward SINGHATEH (since March 1995); election last held on 29 April 1992; results - Sir Dawda JAWARA (PPP) 58.5%, Sherif Mustapha DIBBA (NCP) 22.2%, Assan Musa CAMARA (GPP) 8.0% (prior to the 22 July 1994 coup, next election was scheduled for April 1997) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president from members of the House of Representatives (present cabinet appointed by Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council) Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives: elections last held on 29 April 1992 (next to be held April 1997); results - PPP 58.1%; seats - (43 total, 36 elected) PPP 30, NCP 6 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Dawda K. JAWARA (in exile), secretary general; National Convention Party (NCP), Sheriff DIBBA (in exile); Gambian People's Party (GPP), Hassan Musa CAMARA; United Party (UP), leader NA; People's Democratic Organization of Independence and Socialism (PDOIS), leader NA; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Jabel SALLAH Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO THE WORLD FACTBOOK The Gambia Government Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Aminatta DIBBA chancery: Suite 1000, 1155 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1399, 1379, 1425 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Andrew J. WINTER embassy: Fajara, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul mailing address: P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul telephone: [220] 392856, 392858, 391970, 391971 FAX: [220] 392475 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green THE WORLD FACTBOOK The Gambia Economy Overview: The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population is engaged in crop production and livestock raising, which contribute 30% to GDP. Small-scale manufacturing activity - processing peanuts, fish, and hides - accounts for less than 10% of GDP. A sustained structural adjustment program, including a liberalized trade policy, had fostered a respectable 4% rate of growth in recent years. Reexport trade constitutes one-third of economic activity; however, border closures associated with Senegal's monetary crisis in late 1993 led to a halving of reexport trade, reducing government revenues in turn. The 50% devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 has made Senegalese goods more competitive and apparently prompted a relaxation of Senegalese controls, paving the way for a comeback in reexports. But overwhelming these developments were the devastating effects of the military's takeover in July 1994. By October, traffic at the Port of Banjul had fallen precipitously as importers nervously scaled back their activities with the commencement of the anticorruption drive by the new regime. Concerned with the growing potential for serious unrest after a countercoup attempt was bloodily put down by the regime, the United Kingdom and the EU in November issued a travelers advisory for The Gambia, which brought a halt to tourism almost immediately. The Gambia faces additional problems in 1995 if, as is likely, economic sanctions by Western governments remain in effect in response to indications that the military regime intends to stay in power far longer than expected by the donors. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $1,050 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.5% (1993) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $94 million expenditures: $89 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million (FY92/93 est.) Exports: $81 million (f.o.b., FY92/93 est.) commodities: peanuts and peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels partners: Japan 60%, Europe 29%, Africa 5%, US 1%, other 5% (1989) Imports: $154 million (f.o.b., FY92/93 est.) commodities: foodstuffs, manufactures, raw materials, fuel, machinery and transport equipment partners: Europe 57%, Asia 25%, USSR and Eastern Europe 9%, US 6%, other 3% (1989) External debt: $286 million (FY92/93 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 6.7% Electricity: capacity: 30,000 kW THE WORLD FACTBOOK The Gambia Economy production: 70 million kWh consumption per capita: 64 kWh (1993) Industries: peanut processing, tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing Agriculture: accounts for 30% of GDP; one-third of food requirements is imported; major export crop is peanuts; other principal crops - millet, sorghum, rice, corn, cassava, palm kernels; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats; forestry and fishing resources not fully exploited Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $93 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $535 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $39 million Currency: 1 dalasi (D) = 100 butut Exchange rates: dalasi (D) per US$1 - 9.565 (January 1995), 9.576 (1994), 9.129 (1993), 8.888 (1992), 8.803 (1991), 7.883 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK The Gambia Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 3,083 km paved: 431 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 501 km; unimproved earth 2,151 km Inland waterways: 400 km Ports: Banjul Merchant marine: total: 1 bulk ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,194 GRT/19,394 DWT Airports: 1 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK The Gambia Communications Telephone system: 3,500 telephones; telephone density - 4 telephones/1,000 persons local: NA intercity: adequate network of radio relay and wire international: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK The Gambia Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, National Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 214,680; males fit for military service 108,659 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $14 million, 3.8% of GDP (FY93/94) Gambia - Consular Information Sheet November 10, 1994 Country Description: The Gambia is a developing West African nation. Facilities for tourists, including one five-star hotel, are adequate; but those outside the vicinity of the capital city, Banjul, may be limited in availability and quality. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Evidence of yellow fever immunization must be submitted with one's visa application. Travelers may obtain additional entry information from the Embassy of the Gambia, Suite 1000, 1155 15th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, telephone (202) 785-1399 and 1359; or from the Permanent Mission of the Gambia to the U.N. at 820 Second Avenue, Suite 900-C, New York, N.Y. 10017, telephone (212) 949- 6640. Areas of Instability: In July 1994, the Gambia experienced its first coup since independence. The situation is, as yet, unsettled--particularly in Banjul, the capital, and Kombo Saint Mary division, including Bakau, Fajara, Serrekunda, Yundum and areas near the airport. U.S. citizens should approach army positions with caution, especially roadblocks and road checkpoints, and obey instructions given by soldiers or police officers. The traffic control point on Atlantic Road, near the Tactical Security Group headquarters (the former gendarmerie), should be avoided. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited. Some medicines are unavailable. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Street crime is common, including pickpocketing and mugging. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Aviation Oversight: In August 1992 the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Gambia's civil aviation authority as not in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards. Typically, the same level of safety oversight is applied to operations to all destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Banjul may obtain updated information on travel and security in the Gambia. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located on Kasiraba Avenue in Fajara, a suburb of the capital city of Banjul. The mailing address is P.M.B. No. 19, Banjul, The Gambia. The telephone numbers are (220) 92856, 92858, 91970 or 91971. No. 94-265 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 7, 1994, to delete information regarding the now-cancelled curfew. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; ++pTT pbCoVoo n[ZZE[Z n Z[E !1!1!1! ,!1!1!!1!1 !1!1!1!1!1 !1!1!1!1!1 !1!1!1! !1!1!1! !1!1! 1!!1!1 1!!1!1! 1!!1!1! !1!1! 1!!1!1 1!!1!1! 1!!1!1! !1!1! 1!!1! 11-1-1 -11-- --1-1- Gaza Strip Map Button Image { { THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gaza Strip Header Note: The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements ("the DOP"), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provides for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, final status negotiations are to begin no later than the beginning of the third year of the transitional period. THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gaza Strip Geography Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel Map references: Middle East Area: total area: 360 sq km land area: 360 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: total 62 km, Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km Coastline: 40 km Maritime claims: Israeli occupied with interim status subject to Israeli/Palestinian negotiations - final status to be determined International disputes: West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli occupied with interim status subject to Israeli/Palestinian negotiations - final status to be determined Climate: temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers Terrain: flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: 13% permanent crops: 32% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 55% Irrigated land: 115 sq km (1992 est.) Environment: current issues: desertification natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: there are 24 Jewish settlements and civilian land use sites in the Gaza Strip (August 1994 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gaza Strip People Population: 813,322 (July 1995 est.) note: in addition, there are 4,800 Jewish settlers in the Gaza Strip (August 1994 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 52% (female 205,192; male 215,158) 15-64 years: 45% (female 185,748; male 183,886) 65 years and over: 3% (female 13,106; male 10,232) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 4.55% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 50.24 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.75 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 30.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.09 years male: 69.56 years female: 72.69 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.74 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: NA adjective: NA Ethnic divisions: Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6% Religions: Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6% Languages: Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers), English (widely understood) Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA by occupation: construction 33.4%, agriculture 20.0%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 14.9%, industry 10.0%, other services 21.7% (1991) note: excluding Jewish settlers THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gaza Strip Government Note: Under the Israeli-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements ("the DOP"), Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, and subsequently to an elected Palestinian Council, as part of interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho has taken place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external security and for internal security and public order of settlements and Israelis. Final status is to be determined through direct negotiations within five years. Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gaza Strip local long form: none local short form: Qita Ghazzah Digraph: GZ THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gaza Strip Economy Overview: In 1991 roughly 40% of Gaza Strip workers were employed across the border by Israeli industrial, construction, and agricultural enterprises, with worker remittances supplementing GDP by roughly 50%. Gaza depends upon Israel for nearly 90% of its external trade. Aggravating the impact of Israeli military administration, unrest in the territory since 1988 (intifadah) has raised unemployment and lowered the standard of living of Gazans. The Persian Gulf crisis and its aftershocks also have dealt blows to Gaza since August 1990. Worker remittances from the Gulf states have dropped, unemployment has increased, and exports have fallen. The withdrawal of Israel from the Gaza Strip in May 1994 brings a new set of adjustment problems. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.7 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $2,400 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.7% (1993) Unemployment rate: 45% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $33.6 million expenditures: $34.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY89/90) Exports: $83 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: citrus partners: Israel, Egypt Imports: $365 million (c.i.f., 1992) commodities: food, consumer goods, construction materials partners: Israel, Egypt External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate 11% (1991 est.) Electricity: power supplied by Israel Industries: generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center Agriculture: olives, citrus and other fruits; vegetables; beef and dairy products Economic aid: $240 million disbursed from international aid pledges in 1994 Currency: 1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot Exchange rates: new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 3.0270 (December 1994), 3.0111 (1994), 2.8301 (1993), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year (since 1 January 1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gaza Strip Transportation Railroads: total: NA km; note - one line, abandoned and in disrepair, little trackage remains Highways: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA note: small, poorly developed road network Ports: Gaza Airports: total: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gaza Strip Communications Telephone system: NA; note - 10% of Palestinian households have telephones (1992 est.) local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA; note - 95% of Palestinian households have radios (1992 est.) Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA; note - 59% of Palestinian households have televisions (1992 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Gaza Strip Defense Forces Branches: NA Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP Show Map x8dot3 Arabic Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GAZA_STR h+t+{G language >X/> #Y#/fI 99#9e 9Y9#99 XXf/It X/X>I XfI>II >t CR<-- a%nEN x5[NG Ss]5s Un0s+w u4]S- %SR n Cd[-| s5Ss$ NU]3s |3N-.[ %q5AN PxAGs $l.YZ G8' ]s]hS] GG8-- :SS],3] -G-'' ,]S]A %SS,3S 3:SMS% 3SMSMM,S M%hs3h: [=Nxxgxk '8 mGmm' G '- / %SM]S G88-'' sShM GYGYY 8GYY JgJBW s]hMS RU7=UW ]A%]A s]hMA 7=7=7=7=77 A{Bg[ %}x=B_q% gJ==gR M:3]3MA :,%:S,h %A%A]%:3% gq: KN7=[_ N=B=g/# RJ = NX6q, _=7[M$ B=g:= AM3 $)u)$uC BB=_} 3AH, ==77F Q))\1\uuC1 I2v9L :SMS: v(`LI L?(L9 wwPPww DwwPaaPPw PwDwaDDo DwaPaaPw PwDaawDwv 0aaPwaP Payow n^nrn 9X9L( ^^n^fv `9?I2X( vvrpf *;!?j(? r^^np_t #x==_ WJ==_ ={J:= `2vv` v2jj299 2X(2(9L L?`92 229LI2 XLI`L`L9 {{N_==g=[ U[_N7= fnntv v29v` *LjIj(9 (2(;* `2IXv vXvZZ KN_6X k_[/KN :_==B N_xEz \\Q\d\ =[N={[_{ _U=_UUJ[ ))$)) $)$)$)$))$ )$)$))$ d).+..+ .+1+.+1.+. +1+..+.1+. .1.+1 \)+.+$+ $$)++)+))+ ))++)\ )++$$)$) d).)1 u\1$d 11)1. +)CQ$\ u$+11)+ +$11)+1+)+ )+)1..+1\+ +)11$ Sk0.+1 )++)\ )QuuC11 _5W{A ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; VgVgVgVgVg VgVgVgVgVg p-N-g NN--N N-N-N-- OOJ;; !,1,,1 1,.,1 1,1,,1 1oo## 1oo## 1oo## RFF6R6 RFF6R RFF6R6F6RF ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 ,1,1,1,1,1 Germany Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GERMANY x8dot3 German language K THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Geography Location: Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark Map references: Europe Area: total area: 356,910 sq km land area: 349,520 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Montana note: includes the formerly separate Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, and Berlin following formal unification on 3 October 1990 Land boundaries: total 3,621 km, Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km Coastline: 2,389 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm, tropical foehn wind; high relative humidity Terrain: lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south Natural resources: iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, nickel Land use: arable land: 34% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 16% forest and woodland: 30% other: 19% Irrigated land: 4,800 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries and lead emissions from vehicle exhausts (the result of continued use of leaded fuels) contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; heavy pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Geography natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes Note: strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany People Population: 81,337,541 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 16% (female 6,518,108; male 6,857,577) 15-64 years: 68% (female 27,167,824; male 28,130,083) 65 years and over: 16% (female 8,127,938; male 4,536,011) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.26% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 10.98 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.83 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 2.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.62 years male: 73.5 years female: 79.92 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.5 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: German(s) adjective: German Ethnic divisions: German 95.1%, Turkish 2.3%, Italians 0.7%, Greeks 0.4%, Poles 0.4%, other 1.1% (made up largely of people fleeing the war in the former Yugoslavia) Religions: Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 37%, unaffiliated or other 18% Languages: German Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 36.75 million by occupation: industry 41%, agriculture 6%, other 53% (1987) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Government Names: conventional long form: Federal Republic of Germany conventional short form: Germany local long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschland local short form: Deutschland Digraph: GM Type: federal republic Capital: Berlin note: the shift from Bonn to Berlin will take place over a period of years with Bonn retaining many administrative functions and several ministries Administrative divisions: 16 states (laender, singular - land); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen Independence: 18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four power rights formally relinquished 15 March 1991 National holiday: German Unity Day (Day of Unity), 3 October (1990) Constitution: 23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united German people 3 October 1990 Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994) head of government: Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president upon the proposal of the chancellor Legislative branch: bicameral chamber (no official name for the two chambers as a whole) Federal Assembly (Bundestag): last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held by NA 1998); results - CDU 34.2%, SPD 36.4%, Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS 4.4%, Republicans 1.9% ; seats - (662 total, but number can vary) CDU 244, SPD 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30; elected by direct popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or 3 direct mandates to gain representation THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Government Federal Council (Bundesrat): State governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on size and are required to vote as a block; current composition: votes - (68 total) SPD-led states 37, CDU-led states 31 Judicial branch: Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Helmut KOHL, chairman; Christian Social Union (CSU), Theo WAIGEL, chairman; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Klaus KINKEL, chairman; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Rudolf SCHARPING, chairman; Alliance '90/Greens, Krista SAGER, Juergen TRITTIN, cochairpersons; Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), Lothar BISKY, chairman; Republikaner, Rolf SCHLIERER, chairman; National Democratic Party (NPD), Guenter DECKERT; Communist Party (DKP), Rolf PRIEMER Other political or pressure groups: expellee, refugee, and veterans groups Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOMIG, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Juergen CHROBOG chancery: 4645 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 298-4000 FAX: [1] (202) 298-4249 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, Seattle consulate(s): Manila (Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands) and Wellington (America Samoa) US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Charles E. REDMAN embassy: Deichmanns Aue 29, 53170 Bonn mailing address: Unit 21701, Bonn; APO AE 09080 telephone: [49] (228) 3391 FAX: [49] (228) 339-2663 branch office: Berlin consulate(s) general: Frankfurt, Hamburg, Leipzig, Munich, and Stuttgart Flag: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and yellow THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Economy Overview: Five years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, progress towards economic integration between eastern and western Germany is clearly visible, yet the eastern region almost certainly will remain dependent on subsidies funded by western Germany until well into the next century. The staggering $390 billion in western German assistance that the eastern states have received since 1990 - 40 times the amount in real terms of US Marshall Fund aid sent to West Germany after World War II - is just beginning to have an impact on the eastern German standard of living, which plummeted after unification. Assistance to the east continues to run at roughly $100 billion annually. Although the growth rate in the east was much greater than in the west in 1993-94, eastern GDP per capita nonetheless remains well below preunification levels; it will take 10-15 years for the eastern states to match western Germany's living standards. The economic recovery in the east is led by the construction industries which account for one-third of industrial output, with growth increasingly supported by the service sectors and light manufacturing industries. Eastern Germany's economy is changing from one anchored on manufacturing to a more service-oriented economy. Western Germany, with three times the per capita output of the eastern states, has an advanced market economy and is a world leader in exports. The strong recovery in 1994 from recession began in the export sector and spread to the investment and consumption sectors in response to falling interest rates. Western Germany has a highly urbanized and skilled population that enjoys excellent living standards, abundant leisure time, and comprehensive social welfare benefits. It is relatively poor in natural resources, coal being the most important mineral. Western Germany's world-class companies manufacture technologically advanced goods. The region's economy is mature: services and manufacturing account for the dominant share of economic activities, and raw materials and semimanufactured goods constitute a large portion of imports. National product: Germany: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.3446 trillion (1994 est.) western: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2363 trillion (1994 est.) eastern: GDP - purchasing power parity - $108.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: Germany: 2.9% (1994 est.) western: 2.3% (1994 est.) eastern: 9.2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: Germany: $16,580 (1994 est.) western: $19,660 (1994 est.) eastern: $5,950 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): western: 3% (1994) eastern: 3.2% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: western: 8.2% (December 1994) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Economy eastern: 13.5% (December 1994) Budget: revenues: $690 billion expenditures: $780 billion, including capital expenditures of $96.5 billion (1994) Exports: $437 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: manufactures 89.3% (including machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 5.5%, raw materials 2.7%, fuels 1.3% (1993) partners: EC 47.9% (France 11.7%, Netherlands 7.4%, Italy 7.5%, UK 7.7%, Belgium-Luxembourg 6.6%), EFTA 15.5%, US 7.7%, Eastern Europe 5.2%, OPEC 3.0% (1993) Imports: $362 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: manufactures 75.1%, agricultural products 10.0%, fuels 8.3%, raw materials 5.0% (1993) partners: EC 46.4% (France 11.3%, Netherlands 8.4%, Italy 8.1%, UK 6.0%, Belgium-Luxembourg 5.7%), EFTA 14.3%, US 7.3%, Japan 6.3%, Eastern Europe 5.1%, OPEC 2.6% (1993) External debt: $NA Industrial production: western: growth rate 2.8% (1994) eastern: growth rate $NA Electricity: capacity: 115,430,000 kW production: 493 billion kWh consumption per capita: 5,683 kWh (1993) Industries: western: among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics; food and beverages eastern: metal fabrication, chemicals, brown coal, shipbuilding, machine building, food and beverages, textiles, petroleum refining Agriculture: western: accounts for about 1% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); diversified crop and livestock farming; principal crops and livestock include potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbage, cattle, pigs, poultry; net importer of food eastern: accounts for about 10% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); principal crops - wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, fruit; livestock products include pork, beef, chicken, milk, hides and skins; net importer of food THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Economy Illicit drugs: source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine for West European markets Economic aid: western-donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $75.5 billion eastern-donor: bilateral to non-Communist less developed countries (1956-89) $4 billion Currency: 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige Exchange rates: deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.5313 (January 1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Transportation Railroads: total: 43,457 km standard gauge: 43,190 km (electrified 16,694 km) narrow gauge: 267 km (1994) Highways: total: 636,282 km paved: 501,282 km (10,955 km of autobahn) unpaved: 135,000 km (1991) Inland waterways: western: 5,222 km, of which almost 70% are usable by craft of 1,000-metric-ton capacity or larger; major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea eastern: 2,319 km (1988) Pipelines: crude oil 3,644 km; petroleum products 3,946 km; natural gas 97,564 km (1988) Ports: Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Lubeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart Merchant marine: total: 481 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,065,074 GRT/6,409,198 DWT ships by type: barge carrier 6, bulk 8, cargo 224, chemical tanker 16, combination bulk 4, combination ore/oil 5, container 158, liquefied gas tanker 13, oil tanker 10, passenger 3, railcar carrier 4, refrigerated cargo 7, roll-on/roll-off cargo 18, short-sea passenger 5 note: the German register includes ships of the former East and West Germany Airports: total: 660 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 13 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 64 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 68 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 53 with paved runways under 914 m: 381 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 9 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 62 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Communications Telephone system: western: 40,300,000 telephones; highly developed, modern telecommunication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; intensively developed, highly redundant cable and microwave radio relay networks, all completely automatic local: very modern intercity: domestic satellite, microwave radio relay, and cable systems international: 12 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean), 2 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean), and 1 EUTELSAT earth station; 2 HF radiocommunication centers; tropospheric scatter links eastern: 3,970,000 telephones; badly needs modernization local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT earth station and 1 Intersputnik system Radio: western: NA broadcast stations: AM 80, FM 470, shortwave 0 radios: NA eastern: NA broadcast stations: AM 23, FM 17, shortwave 0 radios: 67 million Television: broadcast stations: 246 (repeaters 6,000); note - there are 15 Russian repeaters in eastern Germany televisions: 25 million in western Germany, 6 million in eastern Germany THE WORLD FACTBOOK Germany Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm), Air Force, Border Police, Coast Guard Manpower availability: males 15-49 20,274,127; males fit for military service 17,472,940; males reach military age (18) annually 428,082 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $40 billion, 1.8% of GNP (1995) GERMANY - Passport required. Tourist/business visa not required for stay up to 3 months. For longer stays, obtain temporary residence permit upon arrival. AIDS test required of applicants for Bavaria residence permits staying over 180 days; U.S. test not accepted. Every foreigner entering Germany is required to provide proof of sufficient health insurance. For further information contact the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, 4645 Reservoir Rd., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/298-4000) or nearest Consulate General: CA (415/775-1061), FL (305/358-0290), GA (404/659-4760), IL (312/263-0850), MA (617/536-4414), MI (313/962-6526), NY (212/308-8700) or TX (713/627-7770). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Germany ============================================================ Germany - Consular Information Sheet February 10, 1995 Country Description: Germany is a stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities throughout Germany are highly developed with the exception of some areas in eastern Germany. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. no tourist or business visa is required for stays of up to 90 days. For detailed information concerning entry requirements for Germany, travelers may contact the German Embassy at 4645 Reservoir Road N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 298-4000, or the German Consulates General in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York or Seattle. Medical Facilities: Excellent medical care is widely available with some facilities in eastern Germany more limited. Doctors and hospitals may expect immediate payment in cash for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that, in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Germany has a low rate of violent crime. Crimes such as burglary, petty theft, and narcotics trafficking are increasing but not dramatically. Pickpocketing and purse snatching occur in urban areas, particularly on public transportation and in crowded department stores, train stations, and other areas frequented by tourists. Travelers should therefore take normal precautions to safeguard their valuables, money, and credit cards. Major cities have certain sections where crime rates are higher. These areas are normally easily identifiable, and can be avoided. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" contains information on safeguarding valuables and promoting personal security. It can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Extremist Activities: There are a small number of right- and left-wing extremist groups active in Germany. Right-wing groups have staged violent but isolated demonstrations and attacks, the majority of which have been directed against foreigners or ethnic minorities. Most such acts are perpetrated spontaneously, often by persons under the influence of alcohol. Extremists, often displaying unpredictable behavior, should be avoided. Although Americans have not generally been targets, they could become inadvertently involved in spontaneous demonstrations. Terrorist Activities: Although Germany is a possible venue for transnational terrorism, present activities of various terrorist elements in Germany are not perceived to pose a direct threat to Americans at this time. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Germany are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: Americans may obtain updated information on travel and security within Germany from the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy or any of the U.S. consulates. The U.S. Embassy's toll-free 24-hour hotline in Germany on crime, security, and information on demonstrations may be accessed by dialing 0130-826364. Embassy and Consulate Locations: U.S. Embassy Bonn: Deichmanns Aue 29; tel:(49-228) 3391. Embassy Office Berlin: Neustaedtische Kirchstrasse 4-5; tel (49-30) 238-5174; Consular Section Berlin: Clayallee 170; tel: (49-30)832-9233. U.S. Consulates General are located at: Dusseldorf: Kennedydamm 15-17, tel.: (49-211) 431709; Frankfurt: Siesmayerstrasse 21, tel:(49-69) 75350; Hamburg: Alsterufer 27/28, tel:(49-40) 41171-351; Munich: Koeniginstrasse 5, tel:(49-89) 2888-0; Stuttgart: Urbanstrasse 7, tel:(49-711) 21008O; Leipzig: Wilhelm-Seyfferth-Strasse 4, tel:(49-3) 213-8418. The Consulates General in Dusseldorf, Stuttgart and Leipzig currently offer only emergency services to U.S. citizens. No. 95-025 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 24, 1994, to add the Consulate General in Dusseldorf to the list of U.S. posts in Germany, note changes in post telephone numbers, and make minor amendments to the sections describing medical facilities, extremist activities, and drug penalties. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 movie_1 eser+ ap5RR kHBLvv LFBFLb GlBBL j9Dppa ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K pp7pp OOJ;; mm88m88 8mm88m8m 676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 767676767 OTdTO OTO00<< T0OTdTOTdT OTO0TOT 0%< :: :: :: :: : :>: 11:> : :: >:: : >:: : :;::;?; : : :?_ : :>:?: ;: :: ?;::;? ; :?;;: 1 > ; :;:-: :;: ; ;?: :; :?;:? 11-11 1-11- -11-- -9-1--1-- --1-- -1-1-1- 1-1-1 Ghana Map Button Image B0B0 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Map references: Africa Area: total area: 238,540 sq km land area: 230,020 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon Land boundaries: total 2,093 km, Burkina 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km Coastline: 539 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north Terrain: mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area Natural resources: gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber Land use: arable land: 5% permanent crops: 7% meadows and pastures: 15% forest and woodland: 37% other: 36% Irrigated land: 80 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water natural hazards: dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation Note: Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly harmattan wind (January to March) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana People Population: 17,763,138 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 46% (female 4,030,154; male 4,069,945) 15-64 years: 51% (female 4,638,451; male 4,494,533) 65 years and over: 3% (female 276,186; male 253,869) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.06% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.57 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.02 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 81.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 55.85 years male: 53.88 years female: 57.88 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.09 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian Ethnic divisions: black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2% Religions: indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8% Languages: English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 60% male: 70% female: 51% Labor force: 3.7 million by occupation: agriculture and fishing 54.7%, industry 18.7%, sales and clerical 15.2%, services, transportation, and communications 7.7%, professional 3.7% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast Digraph: GH Type: constitutional democracy Capital: Accra Administrative divisions: 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western Independence: 6 March 1957 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 6 March (1957) Constitution: new constitution approved 28 April 1992 Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Jerry John RAWLINGS (since 3 November 1992) election last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held November 1996); results - opposition boycotted the election, the National Democratic Congress won 198 of the total 200 seats and 2 seats were won by independents cabinet: Cabinet; president nominates members subject to approval by the Parliament Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly: elections last held 29 December 1992 (next to be held December 1996); results - opposition boycotted the election; the National Democratic Congress won 198 0f 200 total seats and independents won 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Congress, Jerry John RAWLINGS; New Patriotic Party, Albert Adu BOAHEN; People's Heritage Party, Alex ERSKINE; various other smaller parties Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ekwow SPIO-GARBRAH chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana Government FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth L. BROWN (scheduled to leave in June 1995) embassy: Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra telephone: [233] (21) 775348, 775349, 775297, 775298 FAX: [233] (21) 776008 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the gold band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana Economy Overview: Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana is relatively well off, having twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Heavily reliant on international assistance, Ghana has made steady progress in liberalizing its economy since 1983. Overall growth continued at a rate of approximately 5% in 1994, due largely to increased gold, timber, and cocoa production - major sources of foreign exchange. The economy, however, continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 45% of GDP and employs 55% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Public sector wage increases, regional peacekeeping commitments, and the containment of internal unrest in the underdeveloped north have placed substantial demands on the government's budget and have led to inflationary deficit financing and a 27% depreciation of the cedi in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $22.6 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,310 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 25% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 10% (1991) Budget: revenues: $1.05 billion expenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $178 million (1993) Exports: $1 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: cocoa 40%, gold, timber, tuna, bauxite, and aluminum partners: Germany 31%, US 12%, UK 11%, Netherlands 6%, Japan 5% (1991) Imports: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: petroleum 16%, consumer goods, foods, intermediate goods, capital equipment partners: UK 22%, US 11%, Germany 9%, Japan 6% External debt: $4.6 billion (December 1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 3.4% in manufacturing (1993); accounts for almost 15% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 1,180,000 kW production: 6.1 billion kWh consumption per capita: 323 kWh (1993) Industries: mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum, food processing Agriculture: accounts for almost 50% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); the major cash crop is cocoa; other principal crops - rice, coffee, cassava, peanuts, corn, shea nuts, timber; normally self-sufficient in food THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana Economy Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin destined for Europe and the US Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $455 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $78 million; Communist countries (1970-89) $106 million Currency: 1 new cedi (C) = 100 pesewas Exchange rates: new cedis per US$1 - 1,046.74 (December 1994), 936.71 (1994), 649.06 (1993), 437.09 (1992), 367.83 (1991), 326.33 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana Transportation Railroads: total: 953 km; note - undergoing major renovation narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (32 km double track) Highways: total: 32,250 km paved: concrete, bituminous 6,084 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 26,166 km Inland waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways Pipelines: none Ports: Takoradi, Tema Merchant marine: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 27,427 GRT/35,894 DWT ships by type: cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 Airports: total: 12 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana Communications Telephone system: 42,300 telephones; poor to fair system; telephone density - 2.4/1,000 persons local: NA intercity: primarily microwave radio relay international: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 4 (translators 8) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ghana Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force, Palace Guard, Civil Defense Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,975,767; males fit for military service 2,217,032; males reach military age (18) annually 170,723 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $108 million, 1.5% of GDP (1993) GHANA - Passport and visa required. Tourist visa required for stay up to 30 days (extendable). Requires 1 application form, 4 photos, copy of onward/return ticket, bank statement or pay stub and yellow fever immunization. Single-entry visa requires $20 fee, multiple-entry $50. Allow 3 working days for processing. Include prepaid envelope for return of passport by certified mail. For additional information contact Embassy of Ghana, 3512 International Drive, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/686-4520) or Consulate General, 19 East 47th St., New York, NY 10017 (212/832-1300). Ghana - Consular Information Sheet October 20, 1994 Country Description: Ghana is a developing country on the west coast of Africa. Facilities for tourism in Accra are available, but are limited in some of the more remote areas of the country. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Evidence of immunization for yellow fever and cholera is also required. All travelers are required to pay an airport departure tax of 8,000 Ghanaian cedis ($15). For additional information, travelers may contact the Embassy of Ghana, 3512 International Drive, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 686-4520. There is also a Ghanaian Consulate General at 19 East 47th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017, telephone (212) 832-1300. Areas of Instability: Travel to and through the northern region of Ghana could be dangerous because of the potential for the resumption of ethnic violence. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Ghana are limited, particularly outside the capital city of Accra. Malaria is common, as are other tropical diseases. Doctors and hospitals often request immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be helpful. Further information on health matters may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, is common. Robberies often occur in public places and at the beach. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Import-Export Restrictions: Ghana has strict laws on currency exchange, and on the import and export of gold, diamonds and other natural resources. Only designated official agencies are authorized to handle import-export transactions. Attempts to evade regulations are punishable by a three-to- seven-year prison term. Smuggling of any kind is a serious crime in Ghana; airport officials have the authority to conduct body searches. Currency transactions with private citizens are illegal. Ghana has roadblock checkpoints where automobiles and sometimes passengers may be searched. Visitors arriving in Ghana with electronic equipment, particularly video cameras and laptop computers, may be required to pay a refundable deposit of 17.5 percent of the value of the item prior to entry into the country. To receive a refund of the deposit, visitors must apply to the Customs and Excise Office, located in central Accra, 48 hours before departure. Prohibitions on Photography: In some areas, possession of a camera is considered to be suspicious. Individuals have been arrested for taking pictures near sensitive installations. Dual Nationality: The Government of Ghana does not recognize dual nationality except for minors under 21 years of age. A dual national who enters Ghana with a Ghanaian passport will be treated as a Ghanaian citizen only. If a dual national Ghanaian-American enters Ghana on a Ghanaian passport and is later arrested for any reason while in Ghana, the U.S. Embassy normally is not notified of the arrest by Ghanaian authorities. Consular assistance for dual U.S.-Ghanaian citizens is limited. Clothing Prohibitions: The wearing of any military apparel, such as camouflage jackets or pants, or any clothing or items which may appear military in nature is strictly prohibited. Aviation Issues: In April 1992 the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Ghana's civil aviation as not providing safety oversight in compliance with international aviation safety standards for Ghanaian airline operations to the U.S. Typically, the same level of safety oversight is applied to Ghanaian airline operations to other destinations. Airlines whose aviation safety oversight is provided by Ghana are not allowed to operate to the U.S. However, a Ghanaian airline may fly to the U.S. because the airplane and crew are hired from another country whose civil aviation authority provides acceptable safety oversight. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Service of Regional Airlines: The service provided by a number of regional air carriers, including Ghana Airways, has been reported to be unreliable. The airlines have been known to skip scheduled stops, arrive on non- scheduled days and regularly overbook flights, all of which can cause unexpected delays and additional expense. Travelers may be required to handle increased financing of alternate ticketing and/or increased food and lodging needs. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security within Ghana. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located on Ring Road East, P.O. Box 194, Accra, Ghana The telephone number is (233-21) 77-53-47. The Consular section is located at the Embassy annex, 10th and 11th Lanes, near Danquah Circle, OSU. The telephone numbers are (233-21) 77-53-47/8; the consular section's fax number is (233-21) 77-57-47. No. 94-243 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 2, 1994, to note the lifting of the state of emergency in the northern region, to note the inconsistency of the service of regional air carriers, and to list the new telephone numbers of the U.S. Embassy. Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GHANA JZ6ZM xZnZf language ^i^i^ ^i^i^ 5DD&T ^^BIpIQ;I QBIIQ *2*aaL#X* LAaL avXA*AX9L ^55;pp ;;pp ; pi^BJ; BB;;B evXXanLa anLL9X avAnXn ^;IQQ@ @QQBt Yi^^B Q^;^t IQ;BQII;;Y TIt|R Y;;B;; #LAA9 ,2+?R1 L2aan 9AnXnXA9nA Lnav#*2 0cEcc /))-)- )-)-)-)-)- JJC;;u Ah}ipP.; }pQB); !,*R| pQYQJ 1MM6MM$d6M \;I;J;J s@;;@ ^QB;; iQ;;Q J;B;k <;;GB k;;>p@ p??p? p@@p? pAAp? pBBp@ pCCp@ pDDp@ pEEp@ pFFp@ pGGpK pHHpK pIIpt pJJpt pKKpt pLLpu pMMpu pNNpv pOOpv pPPpu pQQpu pRRpt pSSpt pTTpt pUUpt pVVps pWWps pXXps pYYpt pZZpx p[[pz p\\p{ p]]p{ p^^p{ p__p{ p``p| paap} pbbp} pccp} pddp} peep} pffp} pggp~ phhp~ piip~ pjjp~ pnnp~ poop~ pqqp{ prrp{ pssp| pttp| puup$ pvvp% pwwp% pxxp& pyyp& pzzp' p{{p' p||p( p}}p( OOJ;; J&J&J J&J&J J&J&J J&J&J J&J&J 4KV4KV4KV4 J&J&J J&J&J J&J&J J&J&J J&J&J J&J&JU} &J&JU} &J5}4 .=XN8X( =d=O0 FNK0N IONNn RWQBN 4.;C. C295FN sen]GIUQ@N ccC+>cCCc ;.CqC/+ >.;qc+5 _c;cC2755F nJKTY>N _+495.24 .594.2>+ #<4.2; 92.5.29 FNK1N 559.4 C59559959 C54>55 5599599 FNK)N WTTRI IUSQ0N +-++-16-+6 FNK#N QQUUR 88<<8<< FOK N YTTIGJNXNd KKWQ)N JNL4@ QYRIIJNJds iDDb* `JGIIUS%N SYTIGJNa xGSJI USQ"N QYUKIIUd IRY N QSYRGKNSs nNGKW Q\RGINNnz YUIK\d ]KIIUUSQ N Q\RKJn dJQGITW SUGG\ STKPn SUUIKK} Q\RINJI YKIIGI UJNNn ZSSN} YWRGN IGIYs STKNNSNa QYKIK SWKIN SUGGa t{b== :brb:D rVf{bibfbo obtbibtvvt o=f{vvbv{ tvbt{vvo ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; 1-1-1-- 11-1- 1--1- 11y1-1- 1-1--11-11 1-11-1 1--y-1 -1-11 11-y- 11-11-1 1--1-1 -1y-, 11--1-- 1--1-1- -11--1 1--11 -1y11-- Glorioso Islands Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Glorioso Islands Header Affiliation: (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Glorioso Islands Geography Location: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar Map references: Africa Area: total area: 5 sq km land area: 5 sq km comparative area: about 8.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC note: includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, and South Rock Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 35.2 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claimed by Madagascar Climate: tropical Terrain: NA Natural resources: guano, coconuts Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: periodic cyclones international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Glorioso Islands People Population: uninhabited THE WORLD FACTBOOK Glorioso Islands Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Glorioso Islands local long form: none local short form: Iles Glorieuses Digraph: GO Type: French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion Capital: none; administered by France from Reunion Independence: none (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Glorioso Islands Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Glorioso Islands Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only Airports: total: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Glorioso Islands Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of France Show Map x8dot3 Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GLORIOSO Y[[^&c VXX^&] YVVY]]b] ^Yv}} }}XXY]b] XX[]b] pXX^b] PN",& 8PN(& },&P8 ''22$ ggak] affee agfd] ]a]eab] fb]a]p j]a]| aaga] |]a]]beff ]fba^] a]abef ]aea]] ba]bb] effg] ]ea[] |]abfh ]lh]] efeW] ]baU] YYdb\]]V] J'J' ]b]bbaagb] ]e]]bb agb]h a]bbN] '*:' k)/4`?` a]]a]]aa2] baaba]aab2] b]byl]b ]ff]b]]a] a]fp]jl]]q ]b]a] ]b]aa]aa]b aabh] ]fe ] ]]qjp] |]e ] aa]g] eeaga] v]b]a] l]a]ae] ]b]age4] fea]f abeab f]bga/] ^]v}} eebf]p bfa0] ]ea]b gb]pp ]aa.] mxmmx v]aba bfbae egb.] bb]g] aa]]el ]e]]b affe] ab]]b] ]f]e] ]efeY] v]b]f ]e]]eX] e]aa] ab]f] b]aU] beabbebbae abaeb a]]e] |]bT] a]aS] s]aS] ]jfbs ]pjb] s]ba!] baeab]bbab |]aab!] b]ba]ee] ]aaR] aa]b]bb] ]hfbe faaL] aa]b] aabeef b]a*] waa]eabbE] ]eaffa v]aeaD] |]]aff |]gaB] ]a]]b bf]]af]a]f ]]eeA] ]ea]aea b]]ba bbf]b]eb]b j]eb?] ae]aa] bea$] ebe]]bl afebe] efb]| ]ee;] w]e:] s]a8] ]f]ba ]]bbae]]ae baea]eeab] h]a7] ]a]]a a]a]b |]a7] lv]]p j]a6] lb]b]ael ]ab]]ab] egeea abfh] bffb] abb]afa]bf e]]a]q| y]a6] ]ha\]]ab |]a8] a]fb8] aa]ab ]a]]e abaebabfaa |a]]aeb feeb]a>] hlpvNs vplb/] ba]baabba] pY\,] afaaeU] p]a,] ]|vlv]aR] ;;966;969; ;96;699 9;669;969; 66;99;69;9 ;969;;969; ;9;99;6;96 9;;99;6; ;EFJ\]\'] D559IA19L9 15L95>I9 1AH5<96L<1 SG @;=Z5>I@H;HD i9K<I>>@@>@@D G;H@@Hu5.\ |^|dM AMMAAIAM|A MIAUUd^mUI ^d^Ud^ddMm ^AMIUAUUdU AMMIMIMA \h}Hh M^I=A ImmU!A (P>.(> UdAII \5/(h mAUAAlT A ^SA^A mIAAI IAACA^yA|| }}hh>} tMUMIM (>(h. .g[x_ ImIAm 2cJ)cJp -pb$A %pb$A )pb#A )pb#A 4)pb#A 4p pJ pb!A cppcp lbblb Ki6Qw xAAm> MZVAC m^AA| 909XFX09"F (DNmAA][ X"F{{ IAA^z<$2 MAAMd mtAmIdd UIAA^M tbAAU AUAUI ^t^AA ^Md|^M|d|t IAMg! 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; !!)!!) !!))!) /=/=/ =//=/I=/= **&** **EE* =]]=]=] ]==]==]==] ==]//==//] =/==/=]==] &&[&&[ p4O/44B/44 44OBO4=p pJ;,;,;,;; ,,J,; %p[,&[[& ,0&0&0 p=22""2"2 2"2"" ""2"2"= =""2==" PE*EP**E ("("($ $("($ 6R6R6R 6Rbh6R R6R6Z6hbh 6R6Z6R 6R6h6R6R R6Rbh 6RbR6R6R h6R6R 6h6h6h['[h 6hbh6R6h6R 6h6h6h6h6h 6h6h6h6R6R 6h6R6RbQFR 6h6R6h6h6h 6hbh6R6R $Z BB?'? ?'?X? B B B B B A?B B B B B B A B B B B ? A?B B B ?B B l ? B ?p?lB B ?BlB B B B ?p? B ? B B ? B B B @7A B A@A? @A?AB keBWW ABAWA BWAWA AWBWAWA $ $ $ ?B@B@ '^A^ [R?B? y1--11 yy1-1 -1y11 -11-1 1-1-1- -11-1- 1--11 -1-11y 11-0- -1,-1 -11-1 11-1-- -1--yy- 11911 -1-1- 1-11- 1--11 1--11- 119191 Greenland Map Button Image 6(6( THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland Header Affiliation: (part of the Danish realm) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland Geography Location: Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada Map references: Arctic Region Area: total area: 2,175,600 sq km land area: 383,600 sq km (ice free) comparative area: slightly more than three times the size of Texas Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 44,087 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters Terrain: flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast Natural resources: zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, cryolite, uranium, fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 1% forest and woodland: 0% other: 99% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island international agreements: NA Note: dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland People Population: 57,611 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 27% (female 7,664; male 7,881) 15-64 years: 68% (female 17,761; male 21,580) 65 years and over: 5% (female 1,500; male 1,225) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.05% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 17.7 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.2 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 25.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 67.65 years male: 63.33 years female: 71.98 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.25 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Greenlander(s) adjective: Greenlandic Ethnic divisions: Greenlander 86% (Eskimos and Greenland-born Caucasians), Danish 14% Religions: Evangelical Lutheran Languages: Eskimo dialects, Danish Literacy: NA% Labor force: 22,800 by occupation: largely engaged in fishing, hunting, sheep breeding THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Greenland local long form: none local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat Digraph: GL Type: part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division Capital: Nuuk (Godthab) Administrative divisions: 3 municipalities (kommuner, singular - kommun); Nordgronland, Ostgronland, Vestgronland Independence: none (part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division) National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940) Constitution: 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution) Legal system: Danish Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Steen SPORE (since NA 1993) head of government: Home Rule Chairman Lars Emil JOHANSEN (since 15 March 1991) cabinet: Landsstyre; formed from the Landsting on basis of strength of parties Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (Landsting): elections last held on 4 March 1995 (next to be held 5 March 1999); results - Siumut 38.5%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 20.3%, Atassut Party 29.7%; seats - (31 total) Siumut 12, Atassut Party 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit 6, conservative splinter grouping 2, independent 1 Danish Folketing: last held on 21 September 1994 (next to be held by September 1998); Greenland elects two representatives to the Folketing; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) Liberals 1, Social Democrats 1; note - Greenlandic representatives are affiliated with Danish political parties Judicial branch: High Court (Landsret) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland Government Political parties and leaders: two-party ruling coalition; Siumut (Forward Party, a moderate socialist party that advocates more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark), Lars Emil JOHANSEN, chairman; Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA) (Eskimo Brotherhood, a Marxist-Leninist party that favors complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule), Josef MOTZFELDT; Atassut Party (Solidarity, a more conservative party that favors continuing close relations with Denmark), Daniel SKIFTE; AKULLIIT, Bjarne KREUTZMANN; Issituup (Polar Party), Nicolai HEINRICH Diplomatic representation in US: none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark) US diplomatic representation: none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark) Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland Economy Overview: Greenland's economic situation at present is difficult. Unemployment is increasing, and prospects for economic growth in the immediate future are dim. Following the closing of the Black Angel lead and zinc mine in 1989, Greenland became almost completely dependent on fishing and fish processing, the sector accounting for 95% of exports. Prospects for fisheries are not bright, as the important shrimp catches will at best stabilize and cod catches have dropped. Resumption of mining and hydrocarbon activities is not around the corner, thus leaving only tourism with some potential for the near future. The public sector in Greenland, i.e., the central government and its commercial entities and the municipalities, plays a dominant role in Greenland accounting for about two-thirds of total employment. About half the government's revenues come from grants from the Danish Government. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 6.6% (1993 est.) Budget: revenues: $667 million expenditures: $635 million, including capital expenditures of $103.8 million (1993 est.) Exports: $330.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: fish and fish products 95% partners: Denmark 79%, Benelux 9%, Germany 5% Imports: $369.6 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: manufactured goods 28%, machinery and transport equipment 24%, food and live animals 12.4%, petroleum products 12% partners: Denmark 65%, Norway 8.8%, US 4.6%, Germany 3.8%, Japan 3.8%, Sweden 2.4% External debt: $297.1 million (1993) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 84,000 kW production: 210 million kWh consumption per capita: 3,361 kWh (1993) Industries: fish processing (mainly shrimp), lead and zinc mining, handicrafts, some small shipyards, potential for platinum and gold mining Agriculture: sector dominated by fishing and sheep raising; crops limited to forage and small garden vegetables; 1988 fish catch of 133,500 metric tons THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland Economy Economic aid: none Currency: 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere Exchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.034 (January 1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 150 km paved: 60 km unpaved: 90 km Ports: Faeringehavn, Frederikshaab, Holsteinsborg, Nanortalik, Narsaq, Nuuk (Godthaab), Sondrestrom Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 10 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland Communications Telephone system: 17,900 telephones; adequate domestic and international service provided by cables and microwave radio relay local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 7 (repeaters 35), shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 4 (repeaters 9) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Greenland Defense Forces Note: defense is responsibility of Denmark GREENLAND - (See Denmark.) STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Greenland ============================================================ Greenland - Consular Information Sheet October 3, 1995 Country Description: Greenland is a self-governing territory of Denmark. Greenland has its own legislature and two representatives in the Danish Parliament. Among Greenlanders, there is some sentiment for independence. Greenland has a poor economy based on fishing but is experiencing an upswing in ecotourism. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A tourist or business visa is not required for stays up to three months. For further information concerning entry requirements for Greenland, travelers can contact the Royal Danish Embassy at 3200 Whitehaven Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel .(202) 234-4300, or the nearest Danish Consulate General in Chicago, Los Angeles, or New York. Medical Information: Medical facilities are available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Greenland has a low crime rate. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free trip. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. U.S. Representation: There is no U.S. Embassy or Consulate in Greenland. For assistance, U.S. citizens can contact the U.S. Embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark; Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, telephone (45) 31-42-31-44. No. 95-122 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 18, 1994, to update the country description. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Greenland ============================================================ Greenland - Consular Information Sheet October 3, 1995 Country Description: Greenland is a self-governing territory of Denmark. Greenland has its own legislature and two representatives in the Danish Parliament. Among Greenlanders, there is some sentiment for independence. Greenland has a poor economy based on fishing but is experiencing an upswing in ecotourism. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A tourist or business visa is not required for stays up to three months. For further information concerning entry requirements for Greenland, travelers can contact the Royal Danish Embassy at 3200 Whitehaven Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel .(202) 234-4300, or the nearest Danish Consulate General in Chicago, Los Angeles, or New York. Medical Information: Medical facilities are available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Greenland has a low crime rate. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free trip. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. U.S. Representation: There is no U.S. Embassy or Consulate in Greenland. For assistance, U.S. citizens can contact the U.S. Embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark; Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, telephone (45) 31-42-31-44. No. 95-122 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 18, 1994, to update the country description. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Danish Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GREENLAN language ]md]m 7*1,X S=]99n hh9d7 lT9G} @@rdh ?zz5? GN99@ T]Gdx x9xd9 G@9G@9T]@9 ]@9@]@9]G@ ]]@9G @TddTG9@NN @Gm]mG@xG9 Gx@9mNNdT9 NN@NG }qx@9m QBl99Th ax99xk *7^*S (a]%9 q@99xW 4u44uu 99Nm9 @9G99G9GTN x9eL!9 99I>9IL99V PPsxz N99hT}a XPrNN LIIL>@ LIV9` ]99T9G t]9@| 9GT99 !(PNY z]99N JS*SJ4 8Xr]7 Bn]hn@ @@9ddG {gBP* 60~006 GN9G9GG Y{G]B E_K0_60 9xNmG JJkcK Nmnss `e]GNh nmd@h @@G9]G@9T9 m@]N@G V99LV99@9 m]TG]]9 9mmTT9dT >99>9I9>99 dzOx9@d vIV9Ve LLIVL`VLI> !x@9R= @dTmx >99>9>9 9I9>9>99@> qGqA* V99dS Sm9d7 aN99l* m]]xT `VvVvV9 vV`9`e>9L T]T9G VVI>> x99NxxT9 q]99]] cPq{@ xm9Y{r}Y99 Y9T@9 s9@9@ aG99x n9NGN]N @{}2=* Nln@X-mN q"xGi m]9dB kx9dm9 x5bN9@ gG9GX 1}Pj< @N@9G 0EE_6 0K%_6 0KK6_6 00p0_ Nd]dG N]?q 9 NQ7=A q@9x5 NdG9G WT99x L99h} qY{5" 2?*So i]99l dTm9r N{NTxx] JJFT99@ 006_6K 99GG*9 __60600p 99@.9 iG99@m T9g(qT 9o].9 [h@sPsdG ^A3<}N XG99TT@ @WQx7 T99]B Gq<]99 2d99l ]G9TP @@9@9@@ Qxkn9 @9Gcg Gm|P- 7^Pd99 T9Ynd 99@xm G9>L9 ]@9N9G 9N@9@ aG9@s(3 Kbbg#s @mGm9TN =,^k1 T9]TG s@99] h]h|! N]@99 ?J*kS^?S Jkk!k ]xwd99x =TmX< md@d= w@9m@#9 Skkz^? @9mTGG@@G@ G@99@@G@ G@9G@ G@@99 7?k*?J! mN@:9 ]N@Gd@G9d 9G@GT G@NN@@99 G9NGC9 GGNGNGNGNN GNGNNHLHLH NGNGNNGNNG NGNHLHLNGN NGNNGNGNGN GNGNGG@B9 CC'C;z9 $$ $ JzS1SP / .::. ) ))$..$/$). ))..:: $..$..:.:: $$:.. !1S??!S^ !?1!S7^Jk :$))$f :ZDMDM DMDMDMDZZD ZDfZD ./ fZ) D$))$f :ZD. . /)$$)/ MUMUMUMU MUMUMM:U:M U:UM:UMUMU MUMUMUMUMU ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; '&[lZ![& Grenada Map Button Image F(F( THE WORLD FACTBOOK Grenada Geography Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 340 sq km land area: 340 sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 121 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds Terrain: volcanic in origin with central mountains Natural resources: timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors Land use: arable land: 15% permanent crops: 26% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 9% other: 47% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling Note: the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada THE WORLD FACTBOOK Grenada People Population: 94,486 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43% (female 20,076; male 20,824) 15-64 years: 52% (female 23,123; male 25,828) 65 years and over: 5% (female 2,514; male 2,121) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.45% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 29.69 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -19.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 12.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.67 years male: 68.2 years female: 73.17 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.85 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Grenadian(s) adjective: Grenadian Ethnic divisions: black African Religions: Roman Catholic, Anglican, other Protestant sects Languages: English (official), French patois Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970) total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% Labor force: 36,000 by occupation: services 31%, agriculture 24%, construction 8%, manufacturing 5%, other 32% (1985) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Grenada Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Grenada Digraph: GJ Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Saint George's Administrative divisions: 6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petit Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick Independence: 7 February 1974 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 7 February (1974) Constitution: 19 December 1973 Legal system: based on English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Reginald Oswald PALMER (since 6 August 1992) head of government: Prime Minister George BRIZAN (since 1 February 1994) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of a 13-member body, 10 appointed by the government and 3 by the Leader of the Opposition House of Representatives: elections last held on 13 March 1990 (next to be held by NA July 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total) NDC 7, GULP 4, TNP 2, NNP 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Congress (NDC), George BRIZAN; Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Sir Eric GAIRY; The National Party (TNP), Ben JONES; New National Party (NNP), Keith MITCHELL; Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement (MBPM), Terrence MARRYSHOW Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Denneth MODESTE chancery: 1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 265-2561 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Grenada Government US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ollie P. ANDERSON, Jr. embassy: Point Salines, Saint George's mailing address: P. O. Box 54, Saint George's, Grenada, W.I. telephone: [1] (809) 444-1173 through 1178 FAX: [1] (809) 444-4820 Flag: a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side) with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions THE WORLD FACTBOOK Grenada Economy Overview: The economy is essentially agricultural and centers on the traditional production of spices and tropical plants. Agriculture accounts for about 15% of GDP and 80% of exports and employs 24% of the labor force. Tourism is the leading foreign exchange earner, followed by agricultural exports. Manufacturing remains relatively undeveloped, but is expected to grow, given a more favorable private investment climate since 1983. The economy achieved an impressive average annual growth rate of 5.5% in 1986-91 but has stalled since 1992. Unemployment remains high at about 25%. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $258 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.5% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $2,750 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.6% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 25% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $82.2 million (1993 est.) expenditures: $74.3 million, including capital expenditures of $11.8 million (1993 est.) Exports: $18.6 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace partners: Netherlands, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Imports: $133.8 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: food 25%, manufactured goods 22%, machinery 20%, chemicals 10%, fuel 6% (1989) partners: US 29%, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (1989) External debt: $89.9 million (1993) Industrial production: growth rate 1.8% (1992 est.); accounts for 9% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 12,500 kW production: 60 million kWh consumption per capita: 639 kWh (1993) Industries: food and beverage, textile, light assembly operations, tourism, construction Agriculture: accounts for 14% of GDP and 80% of exports; bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, and mace account for two-thirds of total crop production; world's second-largest producer and fourth-largest exporter of nutmeg and mace; small-sized farms predominate, growing a variety of citrus fruits, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, and vegetables THE WORLD FACTBOOK Grenada Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY84-89), $60 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $70 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $32 million Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Grenada Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 1,000 km paved: 600 km unpaved: otherwise improved 300 km; unimproved earth 100 km Ports: Grenville, Saint George's Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Grenada Communications Telephone system: 5,650 telephones; automatic, islandwide telephone system; new SHF radio links to the islands of Trinidad, Tobago, and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to the islands of Trinidad and Carriacou local: NA intercity: NA international: SHF, VHF, and UHF radio communications Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Grenada Defense Forces Branches: Royal Grenada Police Force, Coast Guard Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP "GRENADA - Passport is recommended, but tourists may enter with birth certificate and photo ID. Visa not required for tourist stay up to 3 months, may be extended to maximum of 6 months. For additional information consult Embassy of Grenada, 1701 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/265-2561) or Permanent Mission of Grenada to the U.N. (212/599-0301). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Grenada ============================================================ Grenada - Consular Information Sheet October 18, 1995 Country Description: Grenada is a developing island nation. Tourism facilities vary, according to price and area. Entry Requirements: Most U.S. citizens enter Grenada using their U.S. passports. However, U.S. citizens born in the U.S. may also enter with a birth certificate and photo identification. A visa is not required for a stay of up to three months. There is an airport departure charge of $14 (Eastern Caribbean $35 ) per person. For additional information concerning entry requirements, the traveler may contact the Embassy of Grenada, 1701 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, telephone (202) 265-2561. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some instances, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559 or the CDC fax information service at (404) 332-4565. Crime Information: Street crime occurs. Tourists have been victims of armed robbery in isolated areas. Visitors may wish to consult with local authorities, their hotels and/or the U.S. Embassy for current information. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A lost or stolen birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Aviation Oversight: In June 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Grenada's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Organization of Eastern Caribbean States carriers operating to and from the U.S. However, during its assessment, the FAA noted that the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States' operations to destinations other than the U.S. are not provided a similar level of safety oversight. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy, located at Point Salines. The mailing address is P.O. Box 54, St. George's, Grenada; telephone (809) 44-1173. U.S. citizens may obtain from the U.S. Embassy updated information on travel and security in Grenada. No. 95-128 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 7, 1994, with no change following periodic review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Grenada ============================================================ Grenada - Consular Information Sheet October 18, 1995 Country Description: Grenada is a developing island nation. Tourism facilities vary, according to price and area. Entry Requirements: Most U.S. citizens enter Grenada using their U.S. passports. However, U.S. citizens born in the U.S. may also enter with a birth certificate and photo identification. A visa is not required for a stay of up to three months. There is an airport departure charge of $14 (Eastern Caribbean $35 ) per person. For additional information concerning entry requirements, the traveler may contact the Embassy of Grenada, 1701 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, telephone (202) 265-2561. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some instances, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559 or the CDC fax information service at (404) 332-4565. Crime Information: Street crime occurs. Tourists have been victims of armed robbery in isolated areas. Visitors may wish to consult with local authorities, their hotels and/or the U.S. Embassy for current information. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A lost or stolen birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Aviation Oversight: In June 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Grenada's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Organization of Eastern Caribbean States carriers operating to and from the U.S. However, during its assessment, the FAA noted that the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States' operations to destinations other than the U.S. are not provided a similar level of safety oversight. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy, located at Point Salines. The mailing address is P.O. Box 54, St. George's, Grenada; telephone (809) 44-1173. U.S. citizens may obtain from the U.S. Embassy updated information on travel and security in Grenada. No. 95-128 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 7, 1994, with no change following periodic review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GRENADA RZ^Z{G language EAHEEAE AHAEE EAALA AHAEEsA dkk`ANMM AEAAEEAH AAEH E HEHHAA `AEADCA EAELH EHEAEAAEHE LNMVN MHVkggk` `AM@A EA]`AMVV]V ]AVENVVM`] ]p]``]]`E NV`VgVV]VV gV]`k H]VVgN]AE DNH>A tAM=A wYh{hUU^ kANHV ]VL`]NNA VHVtpAVMNt gVL]HLNAgt AN]EE 6{w8U EHHE&A EAABAFFBFF BABFFBFFBB FFIFBBFFM MABFBBAAHL ^8{hw EEAAE%A EEBB*A EEAAE EA`kk]AE&A h8Uhh UYUh^U PAE#A 8h^^hr{^ ggN&A hU{68 ^rhr6{ NAE A ELAAL&A ^wYhhw ]AE7A EMAHH6A tNLAEH5A Akg6A 2zz.z ..oo.1e1 N]AL`V.A HHEAENA AMHAE HAE&A LEAEMHDA] ]]kAEAL HELE(A pAE1A kg`A]]LgN] gH`kMgtkAV `M`E'A ooTTxooT AAE&A NAE'A ]AE1A VAE'A kgA]Vgp]V] kV`kNgk ]M`E)A xo{ !,=\G <\;a:! Nh#1#`; H`g,! !,!,!,!,!, !,!,!,!,!, !,!,! !,!1!, 1!,!, !,!,!1!1!, !,!,!1!1!, !,!,!,!,!1 !,!1!1!,!, !1!1! !1!1! 1!1!,!1!1! 1!1!,!,!1! 1!,!,!,!! ,!,!,1.,1, 1,1,1,.1., .1.,.1.,1, .,.1.,1,., QQRQRQRQ RQRQRQRQ RQRQRQRQRQ RQRQRQRQRQ RQRQRQR RQFQR RQRQRQRQRQ RQRQRQRQRQ RQRQRQ RQRQR RQRQFIFQRQ RQRQRQRQRQ RQRQRQRQRQ RQRQRQRQRQ RQRQRQRQRQ RQRQR FcRQR Guadeloupe Map Button Image +)+) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe Header Affiliation: (overseas department of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe Geography Location: Caribbean, islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 1,780 sq km land area: 1,706 sq km comparative area: 10 times the size of Washington, DC note: Guadeloupe is an archipelago of nine inhabited islands, of which Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, and Marie-Galante are the three largest Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 306 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: subtropical tempered by trade winds; relatively high humidity Terrain: Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grand-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin Natural resources: cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism Land use: arable land: 18% permanent crops: 5% meadows and pastures: 13% forest and woodland: 40% other: 24% Irrigated land: 30 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: hurricanes (June to October); La Soufriere is an active volcano international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe People Population: 402,815 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 26% (female 51,069; male 52,922) 15-64 years: 66% (female 134,328; male 130,875) 65 years and over: 8% (female 19,318; male 14,303) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.24% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 18.15 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.58 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 8.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.2 years male: 74.16 years female: 80.38 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.95 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Guadeloupian(s) adjective: Guadeloupe Ethnic divisions: black or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5% Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 5% Languages: French, creole patois Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982) total population: 90% male: 90% female: 90% Labor force: 120,000 by occupation: services, government, and commerce 53.0%, industry 25.8%, agriculture 21.2% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe Government Names: conventional long form: Department of Guadeloupe conventional short form: Guadeloupe local long form: Departement de la Guadeloupe local short form: Guadeloupe Digraph: GP Type: overseas department of France Capital: Basse-Terre Administrative divisions: none (overseas department of France) Independence: none (overseas department of France) National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789) Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) Legal system: French legal system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981) head of government: Prefect Franck PERRIEZ (since NA 1992); President of the General Council Dominique LARIFLA (since NA); President of the Regional Council Lucette MICHAUX-CHEVRY (since 22 March 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers Legislative branch: unicameral General Council and unicameral Regional Council General Council: elections last held NA March 1992 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (43 total) FRUI.G 13, RPR/DUD 13, PPDG 8, FGPS 3, PCG 3, UPLG 1, PSG 1, independent 1 Regional Council: elections last held on 31 January 1993 (next to be held by 16 March 1998); results - RPR/DUD 48.30%, FGPS 17.09%, FRUI.G 7.44%, PPDG 8.90%, UPLG 7.75% PCG 6.05%; seats - (41 total) seats by party NA French Senate: elections last held in September 1986 (next to be held September 1995); Guadeloupe elects two representatives; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) PCG 1, FGPS 1 French National Assembly: elections last held on 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held March 1998); Guadeloupe elects four representatives; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (4 total) FGPS 1, RPR 1, PPDG 1, independent 1 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel) with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe Government Political parties and leaders: Rally for the Republic (RPR), Aldo BLAISE; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG), Christian Medard CELESTE; Socialist Party (FGPS), Georges LOUISOR; Popular Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (UPLG), Lucien PERATIN; FGPS Dissidents (FRUI.G); Union for French Democracy (UDF), Simon BARLAGNE; Progressive Democratic Party (PPDG), Henri BANGOU Other political or pressure groups: Popular Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (UPLG); Movement for Independent Guadeloupe (MPGI); General Union of Guadeloupe Workers (UGTG); General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers (CGT-G); Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (KLPG) Member of: FZ, WCL, WFTU Diplomatic representation in US: none (overseas department of France) US diplomatic representation: none (overseas department of France) Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe Economy Overview: The economy depends on agriculture, tourism, light industry, and services. It is also dependent upon France for large subsidies and imports. Tourism is a key industry, with most tourists from the US. In addition, an increasingly large number of cruise ships visit the islands. The traditionally important sugarcane crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas (which now supply about 50% of export earnings), eggplant, and flowers. Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption, although Guadeloupe is still dependent on imported food, which comes mainly from France. Light industry consists mostly of sugar and rum production. Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. Unemployment is especially high among the young. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.8 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $9,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (1990) Unemployment rate: 31.3% (1990) Budget: revenues: $400 million expenditures: $671 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989) Exports: $130 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: bananas, sugar, rum partners: France 70%, Martinique 17% (1991) Imports: $1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1992) commodities: foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials partners: France 60%, EC, US, Japan (1991) External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 320,000 kW production: 650 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,421 kWh (1993) Industries: construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism Agriculture: cash crops - bananas, sugarcane; other products include tropical fruits and vegetables; livestock - cattle, pigs, goats; not self-sufficient in food THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $4 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $8.235 billion Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9243 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe Transportation Railroads: total: NA km; privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation lines Highways: 1,940 km paved: 1,600 km unpaved: gravel, earth 340 km Ports: Basse-Terre, Gustavia, Marigot, Pointe-a-Pitre Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 9 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 6 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe Communications Telephone system: 57,300 telephones; domestic facilities inadequate local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; interisland microwave radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 8 (private stations licensed to broadcast FM 30), shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 9 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guadeloupe Defense Forces Branches: French Forces, Gendarmerie Note: defense is responsibility of France GUADELOUPE - (See West Indies, French.) WEST INDIES, French - Islands include Guadeloupe, Isles des Saintes, La Desirade, Marie Galante, Saint Barthelemy, St. Martin and Martinique. Proof of U.S. citizenship and photo ID required for visit up to 3 weeks. (For stays longer than 3 weeks a passport is required.) No visa required for stay up to 3 months. For further information consult Embassy of France (202/944-6200/6215). 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Guatemala Map Button Image 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guatemala Geography Location: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Honduras and Belize and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 108,890 sq km land area: 108,430 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Tennessee Land boundaries: total 1,687 km, Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km Coastline: 400 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: border with Belize in dispute; talks to resolve the dispute are stalled Climate: tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten) Natural resources: petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle Land use: arable land: 12% permanent crops: 4% meadows and pastures: 12% forest and woodland: 40% other: 32% Irrigated land: 780 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution natural hazards: numerous volcanoes in mountains, with frequent violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms international agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea Note: no natural harbors on west coast THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guatemala People Population: 10,998,602 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43% (female 2,324,041; male 2,424,686) 15-64 years: 53% (female 2,939,170; male 2,934,334) 65 years and over: 4% (female 198,807; male 177,564) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.53% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 34.65 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.33 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 52.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 64.85 years male: 62.27 years female: 67.56 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.63 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Guatemalan(s) adjective: Guatemalan Ethnic divisions: Mestizo - mixed Amerindian-Spanish ancestry (in local Spanish called Ladino) 56%, Amerindian or predominently Amerindian 44% Religions: Roman Catholic, Protestant, traditional Mayan Languages: Spanish 60%, Indian language 40% (23 Indian dialects, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 55% male: 63% female: 47% Labor force: 3.2 million (1994 est.) by occupation: agriculture 60%, services 13%, manufacturing 12%, commerce 7%, construction 4%, transport 3%, utilities 0.7%, mining 0.3% (1985) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guatemala Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Guatemala conventional short form: Guatemala local long form: Republica de Guatemala local short form: Guatemala Digraph: GT Type: republic Capital: Guatemala Administrative divisions: 22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Constitution: 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986 note: suspended 25 May 1993 by President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president Legal system: civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Ramiro DE LEON Carpio (since 6 June 1993); Vice President Arturo HERBRUGER (since 18 June 1993); election runoff held on 11 January 1991 (next to be held November 1995); results - Jorge SERRANO Elias (MAS) 68.1%, Jorge CARPIO Nicolle (UCN) 31.9% note: President SERRANO resigned on 1 June 1993 shortly after dissolving Congress and the judiciary; on 6 June 1993, Ramiro DE LEON Carpio was chosen as the new president by a vote of Congress; he will finish off the remainder of SERRANO's term which expires 14 January 1996 cabinet: Council of Ministers; named by the president Legislative branch: unicameral Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la Republica): by agreement of 11 November 1993, a special election was held on 14 August 1994 to select 80 new congressmen (next election to be held in November 1995 for full four year terms); results - percent of vote by party; FRG 40%, PAN 31.25%, DCG 15%, UCN 10%, MLN 2.5%, UD 1.25%; seats - (80 total) FRG 32, PAN 25, DCG 12, UCN 8, MLN 2, UD 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guatemala Government note: on 11 November 1993 the congress approved a procedure that would reduce its membership from 116 seats to 80; the procedure provided for a special election in mid-1994 to elect an interim congress of 80 members to serve until replaced in a general election in November 1995; the plan was approved in a general referendum in January 1994 and the special election was held on 14 August 1994 Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia); additionally the Court of Constitutionality is presided over by the President of the Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: National Centrist Union (UCN), (vacant); Solidarity Action Movement (MAS), Oliverio GARCIA Rodas; Christian Democratic Party (DCG), Alfonso CABRERA Hidalgo; National Advancement Party (PAN), Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen; National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario SANDOVAL Alarcon; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Mario SOLORZANO Martinez; Revolutionary Party (PR), Carlos CHAVARRIA Perez; Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), Efrain RIOS Montt; Democratic Union (UD) Other political or pressure groups: Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations (CACIF); Mutual Support Group (GAM); Agrarian Owners Group (UNAGRO); Committee for Campesino Unity (CUC); leftist guerrilla movement known as Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union (URNG) has four main factions - Guerrilla army of the Poor (EGP); Revolutionary Organization of the People in Arms (ORPA); Rebel Armed Forces (FAR); Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT/O) Member of: BCIE, CACM, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Edmond MULET chancery: 2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 745-4952 through 4954 FAX: [1] (202) 745-1908 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Marilyn McAFEE embassy: 7-01 Avenida de la Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City mailing address: APO AA 34024 telephone: [502] (2) 311541 FAX: [502] (2) 318885 Flag: three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guatemala Economy Overview: The economy is based on family and corporate agriculture, which accounts for 25% of GDP, employs about 60% of the labor force, and supplies two-thirds of exports. Manufacturing, predominantly in private hands, accounts for about 15% of GDP and 12% of the labor force. In both 1990 and 1991, the economy grew by 3%, the fourth and fifth consecutive years of mild growth. In 1992 growth picked up to almost 5% as government policies favoring competition and foreign trade and investment took stronger hold. In 1993-94, despite political unrest, this momentum continued, foreign investment held up, and annual growth was 4%. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $33 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,080 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 4.9%; underemployment 30%-40% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $604 million (1990) expenditures: $808 million, including capital expenditures of $134 million (1990) Exports: $1.38 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: coffee, sugar, bananas, cardamon, beef partners: US 30%, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Germany, Honduras Imports: $2.6 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: fuel and petroleum products, machinery, grain, fertilizers, motor vehicles partners: US 44%, Mexico, Venezuela, Japan, Germany External debt: $2.2 billion ( 1992 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 1.9% (1991 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 700,000 kW production: 2.3 billion kWh consumption per capita: 211 kWh (1993) Industries: sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism Agriculture: accounts for 25% of GDP; most important sector of economy; contributes two-thirds of export earnings; principal crops - sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; livestock - cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens; food importer THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guatemala Economy Illicit drugs: transit country for cocaine shipments; illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade; the government has an active eradication program for cannabis and opium poppy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $1.1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.92 billion Currency: 1 quetzal (Q) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: free market quetzales (Q) per US$1 - 5.7372 (January 1995), 5.7512 (1994), 5,6354 (1993), 5.1706 (1992), 5.0289 (1991), 4.4858 (1990); note - black-market rate 2.800 (May 1989) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guatemala Transportation Railroads: total: 1,019 km (102 km privately owned) narrow gauge: 1,019 km 0.914-m gauge (single track) Highways: total: 26,429 km paved: 2,868 km unpaved: gravel 11,421 km; unimproved earth 12,140 km Inland waterways: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season Pipelines: crude oil 275 km Ports: Champerico, Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, San Jose, Santo Tomas de Castilla Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 528 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 with paved runways under 914 m: 360 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 12 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 146 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guatemala Communications Telephone system: 97,670 telephones; fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala local: NA intercity: NA international: connection into Central American Microwave System; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 91, FM 0, shortwave 15 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 25 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guatemala Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,574,501; males fit for military service 1,683,028; males reach military age (18) annually 123,715 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $121 million, 1% of GDP (1993) J@J@GUATEMALA - Passport and visa or tourist card required. Visas no charge, valid 1 year, multiple entries of 30 days each, requires passport, 1 application form, 1 photo and $5 fee. Provide SASE for return of passport by mail. For travel by minors and information about tourist cards contact the Embassy of Guatemala, 2220 R St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/745-4952), or nearest Consulate: CA (213/365-9251/2 or 415/788-5651), FL (305/443-4828/29), IL (312/332-1587), NY (212/686-3837) or TX (713/953-9531). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Guatemala ============================================================ Guatemala - Travel Warning April 18, 1995 The United States Department of State warns U.S. citizens about possible dangers of travel to Guatemala. Unfounded rumors that foreigners are involved in the theft of children for the purpose of using their organs in transplants have led to threats and incidents of mob violence in several parts of the country. However, these incidents have not occurred in the traditional tourist destinations of Tikal, Antigua, Panajachel, Chichicastenango, Quetzaltenango, Rio Dulce, Puerto Barrios, Santo Tomas de Castillo, Puerto Quetzal, and tourist/business sections of Guatemala City. Adoptive parents in particular should exercise caution. U.S. citizens should avoid traveling alone and should restrict their travel, even in large cities, to areas that are frequented by tourists or business people. In particular, travelers should avoid contact with Guatemalan children. U.S. citizens in Guatemala are encouraged to register with the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala City. No. 95-010 This replaces the Travel Warning for Guatemala dated June 24, 1994. No changes have been made to the text. Guatemala - Consular Information Sheet April 18, 1995 Warning: The United States Department of State warns U.S. citizens about possible dangers of travel to Guatemala. Unfounded rumors that foreigners are involved in the theft of children for the purpose of using their organs in transplants have led to threats and incidents of mob violence in several parts of the country. However, these incidents have not occurred in the traditional tourist destinations of Tikal, Antigua, Panajachel, Chichicastenango, Quetzaltenango, Rio Dulce, Puerto Barrios, Santo Tomas de Castilla, Puerto Quetzal, and tourist/business sections of Guatemala City. Adoptive parents in particular should exercise extreme caution. U.S. citizens should avoid traveling alone and should restrict their travel, even in large cities, to areas that are frequented by tourists or business people. In particular, travelers should avoid contact with Guatemalan children. U.S. citizens in Guatemala are encouraged to register with the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala City. Country Description: Guatemala has a developing economy and a democratic government. Democracy and constitutional rule were suspended for a short time in late May 1993, but were quickly restored. Except for luxury hotels in Guatemala City, Panajachel, Chichicastenango and Flores (Tikal), tourist facilities are not fully developed. Road conditions throughout the country are poor. Entry Requirements: To travel to Guatemala, U.S. citizens must have a passport and either a visa or a tourist card. U.S. citizens must carry identification with them at all times. Visas are available from the Embassy of Guatemala at 2220 R Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 745-4952, or Guatemalan Consulates in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Houston or Chicago. Tourist cards can be purchased upon arrival at the airport in Guatemala or the Guatemalan border, or at the airport departure gate for flights from the U.S. to Guatemala. The government of Guatemala requires all U.S. citizens, without exception, to have a valid passport in order to depart Guatemala. U.S. citizens whose passports are lost or stolen in Guatemala must obtain a new passport and present it together with a police report of the loss or theft to the main immigration office in Guatemala City to obtain permission to depart Guatemala. An exit tax must be paid upon departure from the Guatemala City airport. Areas of Instability: Although negotiations are continuing between the government of Guatemala and guerrilla leaders to end a 34-year armed conflict, there are still occasional encounters between Guatemalan army and guerrilla forces in the departments of El Quiche, Northern Alta Verapaz, Huehuetenango, Quetzaltenango, San Marcos, Peten, Escuintla, Suchitepequez, Santa Rosa and Sacatepequez. There are occasional guerrilla roadblocks on the road between Escuintla and Retalhuleu. However, visitors to major tourist destinations rarely come into contact with guerrilla or military forces. Terrorist incidents occur sporadically, but generally increase during periods surrounding key political events, such as special elections, or highly publicized stages of the peace negotiations. Explosives have been detonated at bridges and at electrical, television and radio towers located near Guatemala City and in the Departments of Totonicapan, Quiche, Baja Verapaz, Huehuetenango and Escuintla. Smaller explosive devices have been detonated or have been deactivated by police agents in various businesses, newspaper offices, and shopping malls located in Guatemala City. While most of the explosions have occurred during the night and have resulted in relatively few deaths and injuries, the timing and character of any future incidents cannot be predicted with certainty. Medical Facilities: A full range of modern medical care is available in Guatemala City, but medical care outside the city is limited. In the past year, Guatemala's public hospitals have experienced serious shortages of basic medicines and equipment, with some hospitals on the verge of bankruptcy. Care in private hospitals is generally adequate for most common illnesses and injuries. Cholera is present in Guatemala. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers often find that supplementary medical insurance with specific overseas coverage is useful. Additional health information may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime information: Violent crime is a very serious and growing problem throughout the country. Crime victims have often complained of inadequate assistance from the police. Considering the rising trend in violent crime and its unpredictability, no area can be definitively characterized as "always safe." Incidents of armed attacks on tourists have occurred in a variety of areas at all times of the day or night. Visitors who suffer criminal assaults are encouraged to contact the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy (or the duty officer after hours) for advice and assistance. The following information can be used as a general guide to assessing probable risk. Pickpockets and purse snatchers are prevalent in Guatemala City, especially in the central market area. Valuables left unattended in automobiles, regardless of whether the vehicle is locked and/or in an apparently safe area, may be in jeopardy. Robberies of pedestrians by thieves armed with guns or machetes appear to be on the increase, even in the wealthier sections of the city. Armed car theft is also a serious problem. Persons who offer no resistance when confronted by armed thieves are usually not hurt. There are occasional armed robberies on city buses and tour group buses. Non-political kidnappings are on the rise but have not yet affected any tourists. The colonial city of Antigua, located about 30 miles from Guatemala City, is a popular destination for tourists and students who attend Antigua's many Spanish schools. While it is considered relatively safe, incidents of armed robbery of tourists and rapes of American and European women increased in 1994 and early 1995. Perpetrators are generally never apprehended by police, and the few suspects who have been detained have not been convicted or have escaped after being sentenced. Pickpockets and purse snatchers are also prevalent in Antigua. Vicious machete attacks, rapes, stabbings, and robberies of foreign tourists have occurred in Cerro de la Cruz Park. These incidents increased in late 1994 and early 1995. The towns of Panajachel (on Lake Atitlan) and Chichicastenango (site of a popular Indian Market) are generally safe, but pickpockets are prevalent in the markets and cafes. Travel by boat from Panajachel to Santiago Atitlan and other towns around Lake Atitlan is dangerous in the late afternoon because of frequent bad weather conditions on the lake. It is dangerous to climb Guatemala's volcanoes, especially Pacaya, where tourists are robbed and raped by bands which operate with impunity in the area. Two Americans died on Pacaya in 1991. In 1994 and early 1995, many tourists, including those traveling in large groups, have been the subject of violent armed robberies. Several female tourists were also raped. Hiking alone in less populated areas of Guatemala can also be risky. A German female tourist was savagely attacked by a machete-wielding thief in 1993 on a trail between the towns of Jaibalito and Tzunana on the north side of Lake Atitlan. The Mayan ruins at Tikal and the nearby city of Flores (capital of Peten department) are generally safe provided that visitors fly to Flores and then travel by bus or tour van to the ruins. Road travel in the rest of Peten department is difficult. Road conditions are poor, telephones, police and medical assistance are usually unavailable, and highway bandits are sometimes active. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." This publication, as well as others such as "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America," are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Highway Travel: Intercity travel after sunset (6:00 p.m.) anywhere in Guatemala is extremely dangerous. Travelers in private vehicles have been robbed and abducted, and one American tourist was murdered along the CA-2 Highway between Tecun Uman and Guatemala City. Even in daylight hours, there are occasional incidents in which entire busloads of passengers are robbed of all their belongings, either by armed thieves who set up roadblocks or by thieves who pose as bus passengers. Roadblocks are occasionally set up by thieves posing as military or police officers. In the past 8 months, such roadblocks have affected travelers on CA-2 between Retalhuleu and Escuintla, and on CA-1 between Solola and Chimaltenango. Large capacity rented vehicles and travel agency vans are sometimes targets of highway bandits. If confronted by armed bandits, those who accede to all requests without arguing are usually not physically harmed. Travelers who try to outrun a roadblock are often shot. When driving from Guatemala City to Lake Atitlan and Chichicastenango, the safest route relatively speaking is the Pan-American highway (CA-1) through Chimaltenango and Tecpan to the crossroads at Los Encuentros and then either CA-1 to Solola and Panajachel or CA-15 to Chichicastenango. Travel to Lake Atitlan on any other road is dangerous. When entering Guatemala by car from Mexico, most travelers use border crossings at either Tecun Uman (Highway CA-2) on the Pacific coast or La Mesilla (Highway CA-1) in the highlands. During the January 1994 uprising of the Zapatista guerrilla organization in Chiapas, Mexico, the La Mesilla border crossing was closed. As of February 1995, the U.S. Embassy in Mexico City advises U.S. citizens to increase their security precautions in Mexico, to postpone non-essential travel to Chiapas, and in the case of essential travel, to inform themselves of the current political situation in Chiapas before taking the CA-1/La Mesilla Route. When traveling from El Salvador, the border crossing at Las Chinamas, El Salvador/Valle Nuevo, Guatemala, is preferred. When entering Guatemala from Honduras, the border crossings are at either El Florido or Agua Caliente. With all cross-border travel, travelers need plenty of time to complete border crossing formalities, which can be lengthy, in order to travel to a major town before dark. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. A 1992 anti-narcotics trafficking law in Guatemala provides tough penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs. Those arrested on drug charges, even for simple possession of very small amounts, can expect to spend several months in jail before their case is decided, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Public Transportation: Maintenance and employee training in public bus and small airline companies in Guatemala are not up to U.S. standards. Guatemala's topography and climate also create unpredictable flying conditions. Public bus accidents due to equipment or human failure are frequent. Travelers may also encounter delays or be rerouted due to occasional equipment failure at Guatemala City's La Aurora airport. Other Information: Updated information on Guatemalan adoption procedures and the U.S. immigrant visa application process is available from the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy. Prospective adoptive parents are asked to check with the Consular Section to be sure that their child's adoption is complete before traveling to Guatemala to apply for their child's immigrant visa. Additional information is available from the Office of Children's Issues, CA/OCS/CI, Room 4811, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, telephone (202) 647-2688. Civil Aviation Oversight: In April 1993, the U.S Federal Aviation Administration assessed Guatemala's civil aviation authority as not in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Guatemalan carriers operating to and from the U.S. While consultations to correct the deficiencies are ongoing, air carriers licensed by Guatemala are permitted to conduct limited operations to the U.S. subject to heightened FAA surveillance. The FAA is not providing heightened surveillance for operations to destinations other than the U.S. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Registration: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala City, and may also obtain updated information on travel and security within Guatemala. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Guatemala is located at Avenida La Reforma 7-01 in zone 10, Guatemala City, telephone (502-2) 31-15-41. Consular Section hours for American Citizen Services are 8:00 A.M. - 12:00 noon and 1:00-3:00 P.M. No. 95-051 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 30, 1994 to update information on crime and highway travel. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 language Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GUATEMAL Spanish (Latin American) LT==C ac=CPPg L^==^ LT=lPt)L $uJw9L JCCJCP= uP=PC^C^C= P=PJPJ^c uPcWPcP=PP cPcJPWJW^J JW^CJE= jM5VV:$V5> c=lPuPuP Jl=c^cC VjBBa: C=P^^JP :VMV+0 bRbkZZ UbybNn RZ??N 6o6/n/ v/N6/ vv/?? {oybn yxZyRb [XpvNZ dN6NS /d,?b?R# R?,RN T=JJC ]-]F|F |7FF|]|K| nRboy FF]|-F] zyvUv JC=J=CPW=P PC=JCTC KF]]| ]-D||7FF CcJCW=P^=J J^WPC^C eoeYk _}m}} }_m_} xdooz dxg@@P skee} 6#b,R?6b/n #6Rb/ t#R?n b#UR6 ?.xN# >:ww>:B t^c== [ffg^ciB J^sfw'9s J=ug=l J==l9 9>Y^i CuWWCPC [CJc^ wPPuS i)G9i fJlugPcJ ABV :MBVMB @=@=( ==@=( OW=CJW =JJ==WC =WJJW MVMMag %""%""% %""%""% %""%""%""% "7*7*" %%*3*7%" %**"*3%"33 %"*3%%**%* *%%*3"%*%* *%*3%%*%%* scCJC "3*"D~ hh7%*%K 7*7~D7~D"h ~%%h~7%h~D K~KD~h**~h 0~KK~K%h~* hh**74WpGf %**4=Js D*3*3* 3*3*3*7" hDK3% K*3*3*3*3* 3*3*3*7*K K%*34=@== iP==WL )l==I K%*04 wC=u+ w==@[p 7~h~D h"034 = ``H&! *""0" &HHr`" 33%D73 37*73 "h~37~ h%%K~K"D ~7%h~7%hh7 ~K%~h%*%D~ h"7h~ "%%**" %**%"%3%K 7%*%"**%%* "%*"% "%3"~ D%3*3 CccX% "**%"%%* 3**3'* ==CJ=J J=JCI= 'uW>$u/= c=P^Jc ((>>( ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % !!)*# !!)pl 2# ? !!)pl ]FppB 4"BH"9 ;66: $494H4 6m$66pV? FpocFpp% jLbp; pp6FUUTD Jpp7J ]p7%+F g$44H ^pT64 4$Hg$K p))!! /j66= 2B4Lp Up6O4 676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 BOJ;; 8[N\d .1!d" Guernsey Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guernsey Header Affiliation: (British crown dependency) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guernsey Geography Location: Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France Map references: Europe Area: total area: 194 sq km land area: 194 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Washington, DC note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 50 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast Terrain: mostly level with low hills in southwest Natural resources: cropland Land use: arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% other: NA% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guernsey People Population: 64,353 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 18% (female 5,664; male 5,892) 15-64 years: 66% (female 21,574; male 21,030) 65 years and over: 16% (female 6,059; male 4,134) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.98% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 13.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 6.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.34 years male: 75.63 years female: 81.07 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander Ethnic divisions: UK and Norman-French descent Religions: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist Languages: English, French; Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guernsey Government Names: conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey conventional short form: Guernsey Digraph: GK Type: British crown dependency Capital: Saint Peter Port Administrative divisions: none (British crown dependency) Independence: none (British crown dependency) National holiday: Liberation Day, 9 May (1945) Constitution: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice Legal system: English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Vice-Admiral Sir John COWARD (since NA 1994); Bailiff Mr. Graham Martyn DOREY (since February 1992) cabinet: Advisory and Finance Committee (other committees); appointed by the States Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the States: elections last held NA (next to be held NA); results - no percent of vote by party since all are independents; seats - (60 total, 33 elected), all independents Judicial branch: Royal Court Political parties and leaders: none; all independents Member of: none Diplomatic representation in US: none (British crown dependency) US diplomatic representation: none (British crown dependency) Flag: white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guernsey Economy Overview: Financial services account for more than 50% of total income. Tourism, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Bank profits (1992) registered a record 26% growth. Fund management and insurance are the two other major income generators. Per capita output and living standards are somewhat lower than the levels of the less affluent EU countries. National product: GDP $NA National product real growth rate: 9% (1987) National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1988) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $208.9 million expenditures: $173.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988) Exports: $NA commodities: tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables partners: UK (regarded as internal trade) Imports: $NA commodities: coal, gasoline, and oil partners: UK (regarded as internal trade) External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 173,000 kW production: 525 million kWh consumption per capita: 9,060 kWh (1992) Industries: tourism, banking Agriculture: tomatoes, flowers (mostly grown in greenhouses), sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables, fruit; Guernsey cattle Economic aid: none Currency: 1 Guernsey (#G) pound = 100 pence Exchange rates: Guernsey pounds (#G) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990); note - the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guernsey Economy Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guernsey Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guernsey Communications Telephone system: 41,900 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 submarine cable Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guernsey Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GUERNSEY language PRR&T KGGKL$N LKGGL QWYNv WQNVN kNZHN QNNLT NWQWSCN QQNNLKQNt eLKNNKLLMN oNYNe oNQ!N zNZQ@N vbNQWN QSQNWN SNQNh Bq%qg ``nu` QN_}w vNZWQW SSQSQQ5N QNQQ6N SNzzN hz}hNQ3N hNNbh NSNNQ NZQNo eeNQ3N QNQNv}Q RSxXf| nu|Ff QQNNWQQWNQ QKe`u X||`` QYWWS QNNQQNSQW QSYSGN kwN}o wvkNQON SWW^N wNSON ^bQbSNSWN QSQWW NQNQZN LLVMKNNKN a% 2BI2 WQNNZv I2qmg YvbNZWNSWY SSWYYWrN SWNQW{N PNGxx UiiHp iiUpU QYQQW WQWSSWWZN h}_^_ voQYN h^Nb_YbQQS eNSZN QSNQW }NSWSYN SWNQNkZNNb QNkwNe kYYZb NbW^Y^hN_WYN QSQQSQQSNS QSWNQQSYN NNQNQNQQNQ SYSQZQQYSW QSYSYQ QSNSS QhWkbQ_vvh _bte_WeS_b ZvtzvbeNNt e_eetzvbbv SQSSQQNNS QNNQQNSNQQ QNQNQ?N WWNNSNQQ SNboNQ=N QNb_Se__wZ NQNNQNt}N N_}NW QSNSS>N SQQ>N YNNSJN NWSLN SQQ#N kNWKN wNS#N eNQGN WQQN_ wNSFN QNQNNWN NWNWN hNQJN YNvbNQ WNhoNZYWIN NQNNQNNQNN QSNQSNNW Qe^LWWSNNS NSSQN^oZ_e hKM|N oVVL|N OcVL{N &)),/5@ ANM}N Shvbe_eovQ koeSwhbSeS ??==?? =68ANM{N \/949 ;//1?94991 99;4991941 4144141/14 191/;4 )9443 8ANM{N \/99, )HUC$/8//C /1&4//?/9C :C14C4CH@; @)CH)4//? C14438AN \/;/\ {);438 ANM}N Wwvbebev kWkNvwhWkQ $;438 QQNNQ \/938 ANM~N SNQNQNSSQN d{)938 $?4/$&$ $@?)\ 4))8/)),8/ &)$&/&,&&/ 8,1/&8/))/ 9)&14)1438 E1?,s 4;;49 19;9;;9;9; ;91;99;49 4;;44;4438 F15;( CssE$C'5 38ANM LNL<:58:4) )1:1'8 =@ANM QSVA6><< >6ANM WQNQQSQSQN WQQWWQSSQW QNQSSQSQSS QSSQSSNQQS QNSSQSYN Nb_NQ QNe_be_NNL tNk_z_z_ WtNtekhz o}hovevz vevzZ QQSQNNbNQN _NQWN ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; pp`pp wPyNxKy& Guinea Map Button Image '/'/ THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guinea Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone Map references: Africa Area: total area: 245,860 sq km land area: 245,860 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon Land boundaries: total 3,399 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km Coastline: 320 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds Terrain: generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior Natural resources: bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish Land use: arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 12% forest and woodland: 42% other: 40% Irrigated land: 240 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guinea People Population: 6,549,336 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 1,450,501; male 1,448,164) 15-64 years: 53% (female 1,784,420; male 1,691,502) 65 years and over: 3% (female 102,735; male 72,014) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.43% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.43 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 19.13 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: Guinea has received about 400,000 refugees from the civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone; the continued fighting in Sierra Leone will likely drive more refugees into Guinea in 1995; on the other hand, peace may be achieved in Liberia and permit Liberian refugees to return home Infant mortality rate: 136.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 44.6 years male: 42.31 years female: 46.95 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.79 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Guinean(s) adjective: Guinean Ethnic divisions: Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller tribes 10% Religions: Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7% Languages: French (official); each tribe has its own language Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 24% male: 35% female: 13% Labor force: 2.4 million (1983) by occupation: agriculture 80.0%, industry and commerce 11.0%, services 5.4%, civil servants 3.6% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guinea Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Guinea conventional short form: Guinea local long form: Republique de Guinee local short form: Guinee former: French Guinea Digraph: GV Type: republic Capital: Conakry Administrative divisions: 33 administrative regions (regions administratives, singular - region administrative); Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou Independence: 2 October 1958 (from France) National holiday: Anniversary of the Second Republic, 3 April (1984) Constitution: 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale) Legal system: based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Lansana CONTE, elected in the first multi-party election 19 December 1993; prior to the election he had ruled as head of military government since 5 April 1984 cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral People's National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale Populaire): the People's National Assembly was dissolved after the 3 April 1984 coup; framework established in December 1991 for a new National Assembly with 114 seats; legislative elections, tentatively scheduled for 1994, were not held and are now rescheduled for 11 June 1995 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel) Political parties and leaders: political parties were legalized on 1 April 1992 pro-government: Party for Unity and Progress (PUP) other: Rally for the Guinean People (RPG), Alpha CONDE; Union for a New Republic (UNR), Mamadou BAH; Party for Renewal and Progress (PRP), Siradiou DIALLO; Movement of Patriotic Democrats (MDP), Ahmed Tidiane CISSE THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guinea Government Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Elhadj Boubacar BARRY chancery: 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-9420 FAX: [1] (202) 483-8688 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. SALOOM III embassy: 2nd Boulevard and 9th Avenue, Conakry mailing address: B. P. 603, Conakry telephone: [224] 44 15 20 through 44 15 23 FAX: [224] 44 15 22 Flag: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Rwanda, which has a large black letter R centered in the yellow band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guinea Economy Overview: Although possessing major mineral and hydropower resources and considerable potential for agricultural development, Guinea remains one of the poorest countries in the world. The agricultural sector contributes about 40% to GDP and employs 80% of the work force, while industry accounts for 27% of GDP. Guinea possesses over 25% of the world's bauxite reserves. The mining sector accounted for 85% of exports in 1991. Long-run improvements in literacy, financial institutions, and the legal framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. Except in the bauxite industry, foreign investment remains minimal. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.8% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $980 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 16.6% (1992 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $449 million expenditures: $708 million, including capital expenditures of $361 million (1990 est.) Exports: $622 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.) commodities: bauxite, alumina, diamonds, gold, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels partners: US 23%, Belgium 12%, Ireland 12%, Spain 12% Imports: $768 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, and other grain partners: France 26%, Cote d'Ivoire 12%, Hong Kong 6%, Germany 6% External debt: 2.5 billion (1992) Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for 27% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 180,000 kW production: 520 million kWh consumption per capita: 77 kWh (1993) Industries: mining - bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP (includes fishing and forestry); mostly subsistence farming; principal products - rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, timber; livestock - cattle, sheep and goats; not self-sufficient in food grains THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guinea Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $227 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.465 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $120 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $446 million Currency: 1 Guinean franc (FG) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Guinean francs (FG) per US$1 - 810.94 (1 July 1993), 922.9 (30 September 1992), 675 (1990), 618 (1989), 515 (1988), 440 (1987), 383 (1986) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guinea Transportation Railroads: total: 1,048 km standard gauge: 241 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 807 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 30,100 km paved: 1,145 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 12,955 km (of which barely 4,500 are currently all-weather roads); unimproved earth 16,000 km (1987) Inland waterways: 1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft native craft Ports: Boke, Conakry, Kamsar Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 15 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 7 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guinea Communications Telephone system: 15,000 telephones; poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and new radio relay system local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay and radio communication stations international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: 200,000 Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: 65,000 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Guinea Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy (acts primarily as a coast guard), Air Force, Republican Guard, Presidential Guard, paramilitary National Gendarmerie, National Police Force (Surete National) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,478,653; males fit for military service 745,990 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $50 million, 1.6% of GDP (1994) 9GUINEA - Passport and visa required. Tourist/business visa for stay up to 3 months, requires 3 application forms, 3 photos, yellow fever immunization and $25 fee (cash or money order only). Malaria suppressants are recommended. For business visa need company letter stating purpose of trip and letter of invitation from company in Guinea. Provide SASE for return of passport by mail. For more information contact the Embassy of the Republic of Guinea, 2112 Leroy Pl., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/483-9420). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Guinea ============================================================ Guinea - Public Announcement August 18, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The United States Embassy in Conakry issued an announcement on August 18, 1995, informing American citizens in Guinea that the Coalition of Opposition Parties (CODEM) has called for a general strike to be held in Conakry on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, August 21-23, 1995 to protest alleged election irregularities. The Embassy has notified United States Government personnel to avoid large gatherings and non-essential travel, and to stay alert. For further information on travel to Guinea consult the Department of State's Consular Information Sheet of February 3, 1995. Guinea - Consular Information Sheet February 3, 1995 Country Description: Guinea is a developing coastal West African country with minimal facilities for tourism. Travelers should make hotel arrangements in advance. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Evidence of yellow fever immunization is required, and the Guinean government recommends the taking of malarial suppressants. There is a departure tax of $15 payable at the airport. Further entry information may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Guinea, 2112 Leroy Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 483-9420. Areas of Instability: Guinea has experienced occasional civil unrest in larger towns in all regions of the country. U.S. citizens have not been targeted specifically in any demonstration-related violence. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited. Diseases such as malaria, including cerebral malaria, hepatitis and intestinal disorders, are endemic. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The Guinean government has established roadblocks and imposed an unofficial curfew from midnight to 6 AM in an effort to stem the tide of urban banditry. Armed men at roadblocks and elsewhere have prevented U.S. Embassy personnel from responding to emergencies during curfew hours. In the past, the Embassy has received reports of imposters who have set up their own roadblocks to extort money. Residential and street crime, including armed robbery, is common. Criminals particularly target visitors at the airport, in the markets, and near hotels and restaurants frequented by foreigners. Visitors should avoid unsolicited offers of assistance by freelancers at the airport or hotels as these people may be seeking opportunities to make off with bags, purses, or wallets. Being met at the airport or your hotel by family, friends or business contacts can reduce vulnerability to these crimes of opportunity. Commercial scams and disputes with local business partners have occasionally created legal difficulties for U.S. citizens. The ability of the U.S. Embassy to extricate U.S. citizens from unlawful business deals is extremely limited. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the U.S. Embassy. The pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa," provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Restrictions on Photography: Visitors are advised to restrict photography to private gatherings. Explicit permission from the Guinean government should be obtained before photographing military and transportation facilities, government buildings or public works. Visitors should note that taking a photograph without permission in any public area may agitate security personnel or create offense among those being photographed. Currency Regulations: Credit cards are rarely accepted in Guinea, and credit card cash advances are not available at local banks. Inter-bank fund transfers are frequently difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish. Telephones: The communication system is poor. Telephones are available in Conakry and other major towns at major hotels and at a limited number of phone booths, using telephone cards. International service is frequently unreliable. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Conakry may obtain updated information on travel and security in Guinea. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of Conakry at Second Boulevard and Ninth Avenue. The mailing address is B.P. 603. The telephone number is (224) 41-15-20/21/23. The fax number is (224) 41-15-22. No. 95-016 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated December 3, 1993, to update information on entry requirements, areas of instability, medical facilities, crime, photograph restrictions, currency regulations and telephones. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Guinea ============================================================ Guinea - Public Announcement June 15, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The U.S. Embassy in Conakry has informed American citizens in Guinea that U.S. Government personnel have been instructed to avoid large gatherings and non-essential travel and to be especially alert. Demonstrations, perhaps violent, could occur since Guinea's three largest opposition parties publicly announced on June 14 their boycott of the electoral process and their refusal to be seated in the National Assembly. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Guinea ============================================================ Guinea - Public Announcement August 18, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The United States Embassy in Conakry issued an announcement on August 18, 1995, informing American citizens in Guinea that the Coalition of Opposition Parties (CODEM) has called for a general strike to be held in Conakry on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, August 21-23, 1995 to protest alleged election irregularities. The Embassy has notified United States Government personnel to avoid large gatherings and non-essential travel, and to stay alert. For further information on travel to Guinea consult the Department of State's Consular Information Sheet of February 3, 1995. Guinea - Consular Information Sheet February 3, 1995 Country Description: Guinea is a developing coastal West African country with minimal facilities for tourism. Travelers should make hotel arrangements in advance. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Evidence of yellow fever immunization is required, and the Guinean government recommends the taking of malarial suppressants. There is a departure tax of $15 payable at the airport. Further entry information may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Guinea, 2112 Leroy Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 483-9420. Areas of Instability: Guinea has experienced occasional civil unrest in larger towns in all regions of the country. U.S. citizens have not been targeted specifically in any demonstration-related violence. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited. Diseases such as malaria, including cerebral malaria, hepatitis and intestinal disorders, are endemic. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The Guinean government has established roadblocks and imposed an unofficial curfew from midnight to 6 AM in an effort to stem the tide of urban banditry. Armed men at roadblocks and elsewhere have prevented U.S. Embassy personnel from responding to emergencies during curfew hours. In the past, the Embassy has received reports of imposters who have set up their own roadblocks to extort money. Residential and street crime, including armed robbery, is common. Criminals particularly target visitors at the airport, in the markets, and near hotels and restaurants frequented by foreigners. Visitors should avoid unsolicited offers of assistance by freelancers at the airport or hotels as these people may be seeking opportunities to make off with bags, purses, or wallets. Being met at the airport or your hotel by family, friends or business contacts can reduce vulnerability to these crimes of opportunity. Commercial scams and disputes with local business partners have occasionally created legal difficulties for U.S. citizens. The ability of the U.S. Embassy to extricate U.S. citizens from unlawful business deals is extremely limited. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the U.S. Embassy. The pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa," provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Restrictions on Photography: Visitors are advised to restrict photography to private gatherings. Explicit permission from the Guinean government should be obtained before photographing military and transportation facilities, government buildings or public works. Visitors should note that taking a photograph without permission in any public area may agitate security personnel or create offense among those being photographed. Currency Regulations: Credit cards are rarely accepted in Guinea, and credit card cash advances are not available at local banks. Inter-bank fund transfers are frequently difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish. Telephones: The communication system is poor. Telephones are available in Conakry and other major towns at major hotels and at a limited number of phone booths, using telephone cards. International service is frequently unreliable. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Conakry may obtain updated information on travel and security in Guinea. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of Conakry at Second Boulevard and Ninth Avenue. The mailing address is B.P. 603. The telephone number is (224) 41-15-20/21/23. The fax number is (224) 41-15-22. No. 95-016 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated December 3, 1993, to update information on entry requirements, areas of instability, medical facilities, crime, photograph restrictions, currency regulations and telephones. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights GUINEA language `eeZ`-e "KrN,B 0ow`H)B 0XrH$B Z`HBBeZ yOGGYO:D a'0'L J*J3* Br``-B rdS``Brr :KjrZ orBrN eN}yrr eeN B %, ((%% 7,(/%/,,7, //,/,% ,, J??[k ,(, (,% JP*[J?c //% (( ((%(% ^>U0% %,, %% % ,%% //% % , % % (,,% :YY'G // ,, %, ,/(,% %(% 6\LL-\-\- 6-L-6-6 ,,/,%, %% pDpDppD DI;D; ;D;D;DD FQgFQ pFFQpQ Qpp;p 0aj0y GGY>:a QQgQgQ \LC6-L6 LL6-L- LiX-i xx[P*x NNBBHH r`eHB uuhff JxP1* *3Pk?1P HZHBN`` B}:jr 'YOUUMa `Zw`BH _NejC_ GG>y> Pc[[k Jx?Pcc ?cxxP?PP*k rMG"O yOOG: GOGOGOGOGO GOGOGOGOGO ??x*?JP[ A>>KO>OGOG OaY>' XewXXw >GGO: 0G'aG GO0jYj>YOj >G>EE0 :y:'GT* OGOaY 'jaaO YjjyaGy >Gj0GO' Vb]b]] ]]F## D%,, %, , %,, % % %% ,, %, ,% % %/7# ZSBSrm OyY:YO '>YGO'aY 0G:'a>aOy ;/,/V 7//;]/7/,/ /,//,;,//, ]bRRb] #//,; #7/7/ yy0ay OGG:y:aOY Y>yaa aGYyj jjYYay>G Y:OGO ]RR]IRR VIVRR d--dN @@G@G GG'pW n+@G ++ZZ+ ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? ppwpJ 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K BOJ;; BOJ;; !,!,! ,!,!,! \Gxs\G xG\Gxs\sxG \GxG\GxG\G G\GxG \GxG\GxG\G G\GxG 4]454]4 4U4]554]5] 5]454]5]5] K9K5{ 454&45} YnFX /5/z5 WW66C=6L]] 6C=W]=6W]= 6W]]6=C6C= dC6W]W6C= R'R/zn '/a'/a'/'' Xa/'R5 SYu]8X6 =_YdW=W6 vCbaqW6 66LtQ ]W=dM C=]6=d6W d=6m6= ]C6WSWSW6W naX>>naaF 5d66S Ya5R5a/a za/zX 6m]6d 686868 686886 XRXXz5F ]X|?-eU|-? 4?eUJ4?U e?||e @@9 6 dvbbjb 6 >nXRXn/ C=C66W [mW]LL] yy{pp $75TT55 W]L66Z FRRnFn X>5'Rn5z R/F>R P[yB{yg wWWr#AW nR>Xa pPyyp /w66C Fd6=u Zi]d_TTY[ bSWChT_' GGAGAG GAGGA _rd66 Tthtvm L66WC &2&+&+ &+&+&+&+ 2HH"H &++&+&+&+& +&+&+&2" CLLSSLS6 6=C)6 2+"H+2HH2+ v6CL6 A>tbSv D.p`pp >S6=6="6 =SC66S=6S CS=C6LC mvvh$ ]vS=6d LdLLSLCLSL ]W6SLWC=]6 6Wd=] bW]W] vv]/6 1Tt[> S6Cd]6=] h]C6=Wwq nj=%6 L]66LdC06 mthu[ =juuAYutM, 75hurS u_tC)6 t>N'>q-6 T_]6CI6 >ruwt rW66CC thuwvh7A/ SW6Cd=]6d mdL6LmW6SW 6d6WL= 7tr_[ huwvSvdmd =66WS tA55[S 6 1_b=6S]]C ]C=v6 a>AwSL= mW=|6 wWLSW]S /d66Q@ 5a^DC z^kz< t[FS16 =t]C6ELvmC m('_r[R NQ8G6 _mmCd Y_Mhb36 S]L86 ht=C6 $iwH6 6O\M6 CS66sIL6 hw]]L ""&+)3 c")&)3 H"&&)3 H"&&)3 ]:Am8=[ H"&&)3 H"&&)3 uzMS(6 &&2""& H"&&)3 LIP"H "2H&)"&&2c >v6=-6 &+&+&++&"+ &+&+&"+&++ fIssffVs sfsVf\\ssf s6ssV \OOsV\=V\; \\66I\ \f\;S b5Dr'N EVO\ss WC=_6 t,de6 Is\;!6 \f;$6 Vs\;p6 ;f\E`6 Cm=6L=W6]6 CC6LCCSSvd mWSWSL]=6L CSLCWSCWC ]6SLCWC \sIa6 IsVc6 L6mCvL ]LC]]W S66=] ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; pjpph pkpph &0&ff& 9:G'j( e]?hO H^^(** 88D:a LppgbpL$bb e]ObO ?4]/lT$ ppLpp$^7 p77Lj ]8LEp77p HDp7b jp2cm ^]]e^6j eKFG++G] F:F+66F ",F&" .!1!,!,! 1!,!1!,!1! ,!1!,!1!,! 1!,!1!,!1! ,!1!,!1!,! 1!,!1!,!1! ,!1!,!1!,! 1!,!1!,!,! ,!,!,!1!,! ,!,!,!,!,! ,!,!,!,!,! !,!,! ,!,!,!,!,! !,!,!,!,! !,!,!,! ,!,!,!,!,! ,!,!,!,!,! ,!,!,!,! !,!,! !1!,. M`QOT, =`Q=g u j~~ EpjpByt$M sNN8b jjRY ]4A>M, h[[6F .,cOM .hN88 >GNb[ 0>e(( 8NGV[ 88NNs u4&JGs ?? ? ? ? Z ^ ? ? B ? ? ? Heard Island Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights HEARD_IS x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Heard Island and McDonald Islands Header Affiliation: (territory of Australia) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Heard Island and McDonald Islands Geography Location: Southern Africa, islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica Map references: Antarctic Region Area: total area: 412 sq km land area: 412 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 101.9 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: antarctic Terrain: Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and rocky Natural resources: none Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: Heard Island is dominated by a dormant volcano called Big Ben international agreements: NA Note: primarily used for research stations THE WORLD FACTBOOK Heard Island and McDonald Islands People Population: uninhabited THE WORLD FACTBOOK Heard Island and McDonald Islands Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands Digraph: HM Type: territory of Australia administered by the Ministry for Environment, Sport, and Territories Capital: none; administered from Canberra, Australia Independence: none (territory of Australia) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Heard Island and McDonald Islands Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Heard Island and McDonald Islands Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only THE WORLD FACTBOOK Heard Island and McDonald Islands Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of Australia Map Button Image Show Map EURO} hfdfdfdfdd hfhhd ddfhdhkddf dffdqn fhdffddhdh kfnkqqm tdqmxnxnf tdtnqtx tyytyudqu yuyqttnxym nxyqq nmuunq uqttinn uhqtdf ffk^^c#d ~Xdgddf eX'&XX QX'&'Q kkdkhdkkhh hddmdff utdtqtmxtc hdkkh|d udfzd !,\/*p, hdffh kmfkdkhfhh cdcdd`cZ bZZdcd ajaad`dZ Vp\/, GV#p! V#bV pG!*G #GepV #V#!e8w\w! khffJd ffddkmhff fkfjnncdmn fncfHd qdmEd udf]d dnfBd ydkfAd tdmf?d kddhf:d mhhf6d kfddf xdfdh2d uhhnh dfkdd nff?d dmmhdk fmkhmmkkdh nmddmfmkfk kmkkhhkdmn fdh!d kfddfdy ffdfkhkdkf fdhdkhkhff khdmf fkddm hhkhhfkfhf dkfhkfkdkk fkfhfhkfd fkfhhkffk0d dnkhGd dndhdy udfddfKd fhfmhfKd fkkhfhfPd tdfdfddh\d hdhdfmh ffmkdmnfhm hmhdfmmfkn hdhmdfmk-d hhdhh fkddhhdhh yfhed uuqac l(110 --.11--110 -.10.10.10 010.10 01.-00-1-. 1..10.10.1 0-01--10.0 010010.1.- 01--10.11. .0--1.-.11 --110.-11- 1-.0-.1.-0 1-11001..1 --10.01. .11--1-.0- 01-11001.. 1--10-.10. .59IRKcdc s>A4= MPH45LP529 PA44<55H4A PLR?29=55L =4=R=9M5LH 1HA14<55H4 ARA4LP5599 4=PMP=2494 =L4HR95PL5 5994APMP== RN7ARI45LP 544AN55MM5 =RMP9IA=RH 4HR95M9199 2=A4LP5599 4=PMPH45LM 5HA9R=5M91 992=A4LM5= RI25<55=5R 2>OCKddc z?JIDI<} }] ADI>l T>I>T BFKcdc cdcK?-1.5C F50?FCF5.1 F50?F F?05FCF?.. 4ECCF?002 2.1101JJ @0102 F9.9F BFKcdc cfjKFONNLD BFKcdc ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 67676767 x2z2z24 Holy See (Vatican City) "<#") Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights HOLY_SEE x8dot3 Italian language THE WORLD FACTBOOK Holy See (Vatican City) Geography Location: Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) Map references: Europe Area: total area: 0.44 sq km land area: 0.44 sq km comparative area: about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: total 3.2 km, Italy 3.2 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) Terrain: low hill Natural resources: none Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution, Environmental Modification Note: urban; landlocked; enclave of Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights THE WORLD FACTBOOK Holy See (Vatican City) People Population: 830 (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.15% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA Death rate: NA Net migration rate: NA Infant mortality rate: NA Life expectancy at birth: NA Total fertility rate: NA Nationality: noun: none adjective: none Ethnic divisions: Italians, Swiss Religions: Roman Catholic Languages: Italian, Latin, various other languages Labor force: NA by occupation: dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers who live outside the Vatican THE WORLD FACTBOOK Holy See (Vatican City) Government Names: conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano) Digraph: VT Type: monarchical-sacerdotal state Capital: Vatican City Independence: 11 February 1929 (from Italy) National holiday: Installation Day of the Pope, 22 October (1978) (John Paul II) note: Pope John Paul II was elected on 16 October 1978 Constitution: Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968) Legal system: NA Suffrage: limited to cardinals less than 80 years old Executive branch: chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978); election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); results - Karol WOJTYLA was elected for life by the College of Cardinals head of government: Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since NA 1991) cabinet: Pontifical Commission; appointed by Pope Legislative branch: unicameral Pontifical Commission Judicial branch: none; normally handled by Italy Political parties and leaders: none Other political or pressure groups: none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers) Member of: IAEA, ICFTU, INTELSAT, IOM (observer), ITU, OAS (observer), OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer) Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Apostolic Pro-Nuncio Archbishop Agostino CACCIAVILLAN chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Raymond L. FLYNN embassy: Via Delle Terme Deciane 26, Rome 00153 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Holy See (Vatican City) Government mailing address: PSC 59, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (6) 46741 FAX: [39] (6) 6380159 Flag: two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Holy See (Vatican City) Economy Overview: This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome. Budget: revenues: $169 million expenditures: $167.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993) Electricity: capacity: 5,000 kW standby production: power supplied by Italy consumption per capita: NA kWh (1992) Industries: printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities Currency: 1 Vatican lira (VLit) = 100 centesimi Exchange rates: Vatican lire (VLit) per US$1 - 1,609.5 (January 1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990); note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira which circulates freely Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Holy See (Vatican City) Transportation Railroads: total: 862 meters; note - connects to Italy's network at Rome's Saint Peter's station narrow gauge: 862 meters 1.435-m gauge Highways: none; all city streets Ports: none Airports: none THE WORLD FACTBOOK Holy See (Vatican City) Communications Telephone system: 2,000 telephones; automatic exchange local: NA intercity: tied into Italian system international: uses Italian system Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Holy See (Vatican City) Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City HOLY SEE, APOSTOLIC NUNCIATURE OF THE - Passport required (for entry into Italy). For further information consult Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See, 3339 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/333-7121) or call Embassy of Italy (202/328-5500). Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 movie_1 =$=B.B0$=. LHLquLL\H =J=00 ==0=0 B=00.0 ,,!',',! X6X#OH ,!'',,'!! qOHL'X*L- T||X| $"$")$ ukOHk\\O qakqyO NSNSNSNNS" ka\Ou OXkOa zQzdcrYW[ zYrzg[Y_rQ XOqku kHkyk aXXqayO *'akLq qH-X# [gWrr_ JrjQY_g Y__jWc _zW_Q rnjnQ UKUUPU^ Wnr_Yr[ jnnYz cjjYrzj JcjJYWrJ cWrnrQ Y[jn_rrjW grgrr _QrYr[ Ybb_d c_rQW[n _rrdcn YdrrQr [gcrrg C:Pf`~ o-a - C:P{``x`km amaiH\ C:Pf8~x HXqqX C:PfLqf VVhhthVh /v171717 1717173Kf w7I5D C11CE w1E6? K;CAA>G& w7ICC IIEEIDDIID DEIIEIEDID EECCIDCEIC w1EAA <7EA?11<71 ;?17?71D?7 17?717717? 1?E71 E7;A?1CG;1 AA717R< DA>G& w7EE7 U;DAC IA>G& w1IE1 ?ADE7 EA>G& w7I;R ?AE7^ l1EA1I1 ;D>G& 1RI1v ;DAAEI1 1E>G& CACAEI1 K?>G& I?DI7UU v7FG& 1G1wU1KP<7 PA^^;C< P;;?;PI1AK D;IC7AAD?K AKCPIK I?>G& ?C;EE ;DDCD;?IA? AD?AE 'Xk4K ^;KvwP;DCA DC;E;U^;DA CCAACCACC E<<^v l?E;? 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T:GNJ ZT:.Z 1=T[d Z(.G8% .Xsbh\ T'sNG g:diK OO0`==0OT= g: #/[6 L '/[6 '>1%L3 # 3 v#L,#;; #1>%;3 LL # 1L # # 6lIgu @bs, L #'#'#'#'#' #'#'# #'#'#'#'#' #'#'#'#'#' #'##'/[6 660[6 @l@Zu lHZ6H b@lH6l @Z66@@Z6b6 @66HH@ 6 pRRp6 pSSp5 pTTp4 pUUp4 pVVp4 pWWp4 pXXp5 pYYp6 p]]p3 p^^p3 p__p3 p``p3 paap3 pbbp3 pccp3 pddp3 ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % pmmp} pnnp| poopz 2# ? pqqpu prrps psspp pttpo puupm pvvpk pwwpj pxxpi pyypg pzzpc p{{pa p||p] p}}pL p~~pI 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K BOJ;; MMQMQ #%%## ##%%# %%#%% #%#%% ##p%p%% %%p%p %#%## %#%#% #%%## #p%%# 3p3p3 3p3pp ##QQ# p pv p!!pv p""pv p##py p$$py p%%pz p&&p{ p''p~ p00p} p11p| p22pe p33pe p44pe p55pe p66pe p77pe p88pe p99pe p::pe p;;pe p<>pf pAApp pbbppg pccph pddph peeph TP*&] pffpph pggpph phhpph piipi pjjpi pkkpi pllpi pmmpi pnnpi poopi pqqpi prrpi psspi pttpi puupi pvvpi *[&H( pwwpi pxxpi pyypi pzzpj p{{pj p||pj p}}pj p~~pj $+$+$+$+ ||W%| |W|%|W| |WW%|W| |W|W| Hong Kong ZlZR` Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights HONG_KON x8dot3 Cantonese Chinese language H4H4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong Header Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong Geography Location: Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 1,040 sq km land area: 990 sq km comparative area: slightly less than six times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: total 30 km, China 30 km Coastline: 733 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall Terrain: hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north Natural resources: outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar Land use: arable land: 7% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 1% forest and woodland: 12% other: 79% Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: air and water pollution from rapid urbanization natural hazards: occasional typhoons international agreements: NA Note: more than 200 islands THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong People Population: 5,542,869 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 19% (female 499,460; male 549,734) 15-64 years: 70% (female 1,866,540; male 2,016,684) 65 years and over: 11% (female 331,391; male 279,060) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: -0.12% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.02 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -7.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 80.18 years male: 76.78 years female: 83.78 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.39 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese Ethnic divisions: Chinese 95%, other 5% Religions: eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10% Languages: Chinese (Cantonese), English Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1971) total population: 77% male: 90% female: 64% Labor force: 2.8 million (1990) by occupation: manufacturing 28.5%, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels 27.9%, services 17.7%, financing, insurance, and real estate 9.2%, transport and communications 4.5%, construction 2.5%, other 9.7% (1989) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Hong Kong Abbreviation: HK Digraph: HK Type: dependent territory of the UK scheduled to revert to China in 1997 Capital: Victoria Administrative divisions: none (dependent territory of the UK) Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK; the UK signed an agreement with China on 19 December 1984 to return Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997; in the joint declaration, China promises to respect Hong Kong's existing social and economic systems and lifestyle) National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 August (1945) Constitution: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice; new Basic Law approved in March 1990 in preparation for 1997 Legal system: based on English common law Suffrage: direct election 21 years of age; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past seven years; indirect election limited to about 100,000 professionals of electoral college and functional constituencies Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Chris PATTEN (since 9 July 1992); Chief Secretary Anson CHAN Fang On-Sang (since 29 November 1993) cabinet: Executive Council; appointed by the governor Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council: indirect elections last held 12 September 1991 and direct elections were held for the first time 15 September 1991 (next to be held 17 September 1995 when the number of directly-elected seats increases to 50); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total; 21 indirectly elected by functional constituencies, 18 directly elected, 18 appointed by governor, 3 ex officio members); indirect elections - number of seats by functional constituency NA; direct elections - UDHK 12, Meeting Point 3, ADPL 1, other 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party, Martin LEE, chairman; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong, TSANG Yuk-shing, chairman; Hong Kong Democratic Foundation, Dr. Patrick SHIU Kin-ying, chairman THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong Government note: in April 1994, the United Democrats of Hong Kong (UDHK) and Meeting Point merged to form the Democratic Party; the merger became effective in October 1994 Other political or pressure groups: Liberal Party, Allen LEE, chairman; Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL), Frederick FUNG Kin Kee, chairman; Liberal Democratic Federation, HU Fa-kuang, chairman; Federation of Trade Unions (pro-China), LEE Chark-tim, president; Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (pro-Taiwan); Confederation of Trade Unions (pro-democracy), LAU Chin-shek, chairman; Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce; Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Federation of Hong Kong Industries; Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union, CHEUNG Man-kwong, president; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement in China, Szeto WAH, chairman Member of: APEC, AsDB, CCC, ESCAP (associate), GATT, ICFTU, IMO (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), WCL, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the UK) US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Consul General Richard W. MUELLER consulate(s) general: 26 Garden Road, Hong Kong mailing address: PSC 464, Box 30, Hong Kong, or FPO AP 96522-0002 telephone: [852] 523-9011 FAX: [852] 845-4845 Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with the Hong Kong coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a shield (bearing two junks below a crown) held by a lion (representing the UK) and a dragon (representing China) with another lion above the shield and a banner bearing the words HONG KONG below the shield THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong Economy Overview: Hong Kong has a bustling free market economy with few tariffs or nontariff barriers. Natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. Manufacturing accounts for about 17% of GDP. Goods and services exports account for about 50% of GDP. Real GDP growth averaged a remarkable 8% in 1987-88, slowed to 3.0% in 1989-90, and picked up to 4.2% in 1991, 5.0% in 1992, 5.2% in 1993, and 5.5% in 1994. Unemployment, which has been declining since the mid-1980s, is now about 2%. A shortage of labor continues to put upward pressure on prices and the cost of living. Prospects for 1995-96 remain bright so long as major trading partners continue to be reasonably prosperous and so long as investors feel China will support free market practices after the takeover in 1997. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $136.1 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $24,530 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.5% (1994) Unemployment rate: 1.9% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $19.2 billion expenditures: $19.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93/94) Exports: $168.7 billion (including re-exports of $121.0 billion )(f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: clothing, textiles, yarn and fabric, footwear, electrical appliances, watches and clocks, toys partners: China 32%, US 23%, Germany 5%, Japan 5%, UK 3% (1993 est.) Imports: $160 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: foodstuffs, transport equipment, raw materials, semimanufactures, petroleum; a large share is re-exported partners: China 36%, Japan 19%, Taiwan 9%, US 7% (1993 est.) External debt: none (1993) Industrial production: growth rate 2% (1993 est.) Electricity: capacity: 8,930,000 kW production: 33 billion kWh consumption per capita: 4,628 kWh (1993) Industries: textiles, clothing, tourism, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks Agriculture: minor role in the economy; local farmers produce 26% fresh vegetables, 27% live poultry; 8% of land area suitable for farming THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong Economy Illicit drugs: a hub for Southeast Asian heroin trade; transshipment and major financial and money-laundering center; increasing indigenous amphetamine and cocaine abuse Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $152 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $923 million Currency: 1 Hong Kong dollar (HK$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Hong Kong dollars (HK$) per US$ - 7.800 (1994), 7.800 (1993), 7.741 (1992), 7.771 (1991), 7.790 (1990); note - linked to the US dollar at the rate of about 7.8 HK$ per 1 US$ since 1985 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong Transportation Railroads: total: 35 km standard gauge: 35 km 1.435-m gauge Highways: total: 1,100 km paved: 794 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, earth 306 km Ports: Hong Kong Merchant marine: total: 217 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,657,749 GRT/13,181,496 DWT ships by type: bulk 116, cargo 29, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 6, container 28, liquefied gas tanker 5, oil tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 7, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 3 note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 15 countries among which are UK with 53 ships, China 15, Bermuda 7, Japan 6, Belgium 3, Germany 3, Greece 3, Canada 2, Netherlands 2, Singapore 2 Airports: total: 3 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong Communications Telephone system: 3,000,000 telephones; modern facilities provide excellent domestic and international services local: NA intercity: microwave transmission links and extensive optical fiber transmission network international: 3 INTELSAT (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) earth stations; coaxial cable to Guangzhou, China; links to 5 international submarine cables providing access to ASEAN member nations, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe Radio: broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0 radios: 2.5 million Television: broadcast stations: 4 (British Broadcasting Corporation repeater 1; British Forces Broadcasting Service repeater 1) televisions: 1.312 million (1,224,000 color TV sets) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hong Kong Defense Forces Branches: Headquarters of British Forces, Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,634,559; males fit for military service 1,245,905; males reach military age (18) annually 40,996 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $207 million, 0.2% of GDP (FY92/93); this represents 65% of the total cost of defending the colony, the remainder being paid by the UK Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK HONG KONG - Passport and onward/return transportation by sea/air required. Visa not required for tourist stay up to 30 days, may be extended to 3 months. Confirmed hotel and flight reservations recommended during peak travel months. Departure tax 150 Hong Kong dollars (approx. $20 U.S.) paid at airport. Visa required for work or study. For other types of travel consult British Embassy (202/986-0205). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Hong Kong ============================================================ Hong Kong - Consular Information Sheet August 18, 1995 Country Description: Hong Kong, a British Crown Colony, is made up of three geographic areas: The New Territories, Kowloon peninsula, and Hong Kong Island. It is a cosmopolitan, highly developed territory. It will revert to China on July 1, 1997. Tourist facilities and services are widely available. Entry Requirements: Passports and onward/return transportation by sea/air are required. A visa is not required for tourist visits of up to 30 days; the period of time may be extended. A departure tax must be paid at the airport. Visas are required to work or study. For more current information the traveler can consult the British Embassy at 3100 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, (202)462-1340, or British Consulates in Los Angeles, Atlanta, Chicago, Boston, New York, or Cleveland. Medical Facilities: Good medical facilities are available and there are many western-trained physicians. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's International Travelers Hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Doctors and hospitals generally do not accept credit cards and require immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is generally not valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage including provision for medical evacuation has proven useful. Information On Crime: Major crime is not a problem for most travelers. Petty crime such as pickpocketing is common. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the U.S. Consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use, and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Quarantine For Pets: Dogs and cats may be admitted without spending time in quarantine, if there are valid health (vaccination) certificates, and if the pet, when coming from the United States, has been in the U.S. for at least six months. Registration: Americans who register at the Consulate General can obtain updated information on travel and security conditions within the area. Embassy Location: The American Consulate General is located at 26 Garden Road in Hong Kong. The mailing address is: Box 30, FPO AP 96522-0002; tel: (852)523-9011, fax (852) 845-4845. No. 95-097 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 4, 1994 to delete the specific amount of the departure tax. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Hong Kong ============================================================ Hong Kong - Consular Information Sheet August 18, 1995 Country Description: Hong Kong, a British Crown Colony, is made up of three geographic areas: The New Territories, Kowloon peninsula, and Hong Kong Island. It is a cosmopolitan, highly developed territory. It will revert to China on July 1, 1997. Tourist facilities and services are widely available. Entry Requirements: Passports and onward/return transportation by sea/air are required. A visa is not required for tourist visits of up to 30 days; the period of time may be extended. A departure tax must be paid at the airport. Visas are required to work or study. For more current information the traveler can consult the British Embassy at 3100 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, (202)462-1340, or British Consulates in Los Angeles, Atlanta, Chicago, Boston, New York, or Cleveland. Medical Facilities: Good medical facilities are available and there are many western-trained physicians. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's International Travelers Hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Doctors and hospitals generally do not accept credit cards and require immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is generally not valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage including provision for medical evacuation has proven useful. Information On Crime: Major crime is not a problem for most travelers. Petty crime such as pickpocketing is common. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the U.S. Consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use, and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Quarantine For Pets: Dogs and cats may be admitted without spending time in quarantine, if there are valid health (vaccination) certificates, and if the pet, when coming from the United States, has been in the U.S. for at least six months. Registration: Americans who register at the Consulate General can obtain updated information on travel and security conditions within the area. Embassy Location: The American Consulate General is located at 26 Garden Road in Hong Kong. The mailing address is: Box 30, FPO AP 96522-0002; tel: (852)523-9011, fax (852) 845-4845. No. 95-097 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 4, 1994 to delete the specific amount of the departure tax. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 [qB`: FB:FF : O[Y[O @@B@B@!: BO[UO^UO U:jO:Fq[Ub :q[q!: O{x{{x{x{{ :F[Y[U q{{xx{j:: -_#-?-m \hRh\ mN#?-f GC7CC \C7hR77z U::b[ j{{xF B@B@B@ O[bq[[ Ub{jq{:: b[{:B O[::U <`TTA [{^[[B[ O^qbFO BOOF:B )"99A O{ooq q[:F^ jBjBj 9IA)I/IA bjO : A`T"9T o:@iU:a "9A`)]uuI AAIA`) 9&:;:;: ;:;:;:0 kTA"/] `]k)k I/`9"u `k9/) :B[Y[O ]Ak]T uAI//uI]I /I9T9u]9II |fW_N -??_|#_ ?|#?W? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; 1--1- --1-- -1--1 11y11 --1--1 --1-1- 11y11y 1 -1--1 1-1-1 -11-11- yy11y 11-1-- 1-11- -1--1 11-11 11-11 --1-- 11-11- -1--1- 1--11-- -1-11 -11-- --1--1 1-1-1 1-11--11-1 11-1- Howland Island Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights HOWLAND_ x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Howland Island Header Affiliation: (territory of the US) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Howland Island Geography Location: Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 1.6 sq km land area: 1.6 sq km comparative area: about 2.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 6.4 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun Terrain: low-lying, nearly level, sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef; depressed central area Natural resources: guano (deposits worked until late 1800s) Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 5% other: 95% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: no natural fresh water resources natural hazards: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard international agreements: NA Note: almost totally covered with grasses, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; small area of trees in the center; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; feral cats THE WORLD FACTBOOK Howland Island People Population: uninhabited; note - American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators THE WORLD FACTBOOK Howland Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Howland Island Digraph: HQ Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System Capital: none; administered from Washington, DC THE WORLD FACTBOOK Howland Island Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Howland Island Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area along the middle of the west coast Airports: airstrip constructed in 1937 for scheduled refueling stop on the round-the-world flight of Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan - they left Lae, New Guinea, for Howland Island, but were never seen again; the airstrip is no longer serviceable Note: Earhart Light is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast that was partially destroyed during World War II, but has since been rebuilt in memory of famed aviatrix Amelia Earhart THE WORLD FACTBOOK Howland Island Defense Forces defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard Map Button Image Show Map _ `g`of]`]os y]ffc`p] ]c]]cg``m] ]g`k] ]fcj] f]g`h] z]gcg] ci`e] m]cfd] y]`c] ]c``] z]`]] c]`f]cc``f c]f`]fy`O] ]]cf`c]cc` `ccN] ]]`Z] z]cZ] ~]cZ] ]]`Y] `f]f]`c]ff `ff]`f`gc] ]fgc]ff] ]fcf]f`'] ]]`X] `c`ff]c`]` c]``c`]`f] `g`]]cc(] o]`%] ~]c%] r]`X] s~z]c o]`%] ``]c]]` c`]cc ``]cc)] `gf`cc]]fi g]f]`f]f`'] s]`Y] cc]muf]smi sjo]gc1] ]]`Y] `]cc]f]]``7] ]]``] u]`Z] tbF}F} }RbtRt" tbRtF FbtR}6 tb}bF o]`Z] |]cZ] `]`[] X]X%W o]`#] H_UQU UQQYY c]`$] {l{vv ;;0##0 z]c%] YCdX]^ a^a^]X]K `]]`]]``]] u]`.] c``c`]``c] `]go]jo]]r o]c]s ojo]miy -v-l& 9<> < `i`:] .Pk'wwP ?w9Pk. ]``c8]*V z]f`jo]o m]]ui8]*` ]ffc] ifi``] `omo]o] `]`]`]c``n] `ci]c fc]`z uc]os]`` `ccggc]]` ggc]]`` goouOs OOT[^ h+2./ /.2.//./5. ./.22/2/2. /.+./.22. /.//.22..2 /../2/22/2 ./++../22. 2255=GL][ k:JPE JPGPJEPJ2P h2BEB?EBI? EBJIJ5?J5I IJGJPJGJB2 JD>25EBJPE JPG5PP5G 2I?5GDJEPP 55J??/?=AL h3GL][ J:@:5 2DAL][ 5<@<: +DAL][ :<@<: +DAL][ :<@<: +DAL][ :<@<> +DAL][ :/@5.5@/2A /9:52 <:/22.5<>2 ::@:+ 'E5:59+ >55:.5A5/2 ..5A:/+P +DAL][ >E<@E@BE <B < :hkJ: :Gkh<<:Gwk @:PkP:=AL] ^]X(D= 939==AL][ ``fZ4B GAADGL][ cf]]``c`c] f``cf`cc`c c]``f`c``c ``c`cc] ]]c``g] ``]c]]`]`] ]gs]` iuisr]`]`] ]jyu|s ~]zfouyo yu~uu ]c``]mi]`] i]]~y]`c ]~y]``]`c] y~^cf] ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; 676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767 Hungary Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights HUNGARY x8dot3 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hungary Geography Location: Central Europe, northwest of Romania Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe Area: total area: 93,030 sq km land area: 92,340 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Indiana Land boundaries: total 1,989 km, Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km (all with Serbia), Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 82 km, Ukraine 103 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: Gabcikovo Dam dispute with Slovakia Climate: temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border Natural resources: bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils Land use: arable land: 50.7% permanent crops: 6.1% meadows and pastures: 12.6% forest and woodland: 18.3% other: 12.3% Irrigated land: 1,750 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: air pollution; industrial and municipal pollution of Lake Balaton natural hazards: levees are common along many streams, but flooding occurs almost every year international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea Note: landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hungary People Population: 10,318,838 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 18% (female 918,281; male 958,027) 15-64 years: 68% (female 3,534,218; male 3,440,036) 65 years and over: 14% (female 914,221; male 554,055) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.02% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.65 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.44 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.9 years male: 67.94 years female: 76.06 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Hungarian(s) adjective: Hungarian Ethnic divisions: Hungarian 89.9%, Gypsy 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7% Religions: Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5% Languages: Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8% Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980) total population: 99% male: 99% female: 98% Labor force: 5.4 million by occupation: services, trade, government, and other 44.8%, industry 29.7%, agriculture 16.1%, construction 7.0% (1991) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hungary Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Hungary conventional short form: Hungary local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag local short form: Magyarorszag Digraph: HU Type: republic Capital: Budapest Administrative divisions: 38 counties (megyek, singular - megye) and 1 capital city* (fovaros); Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Bekescsaba, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Budapest*, Csongrad, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Fejer, Gyor, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Hodmezovasarhely, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Komarom-Esztergom, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nograd, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Pest, Somogy, Sopron, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala, Zalaegerszeg Independence: 1001 (unification by King Stephen I) National holiday: St. Stephen's Day (National Day), 20 August (commemorates the founding of Hungarian state circa 1000 A.D.) Constitution: 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight Legal system: in process of revision, moving toward rule of law based on Western model Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Arpad GONCZ (since 3 August 1990; previously interim president from 2 May 1990); election last held 3 August 1990 (next to be held NA 1995); results - President GONCZ elected by parliamentary vote; note - President GONCZ was elected by the National Assembly with a total of 295 votes out of 304 as interim President from 2 May 1990 until elected President head of government: Prime Minister Gyula HORN (since 15 July 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly on recommendation of the president Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Orszaggyules): elections last held on 8 and 29 May 1994 (next to be held spring 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (386 total) MSzP 209, SzDSz 70, MDF 37, FKgP 26, KDNP 22, FiDeSz 20, other 2 Judicial branch: Constitutional Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hungary Government Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF), Lajos FUR, chairman; Independent Smallholders (FKgP), Jozsef TORGYAN, president; Hungarian Socialist Party (MSzP), Gyula HORN, president; Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP), Dr. Lazlo SURJAN, president; Federation of Young Democrats (FiDeSz), Viktor ORBAN, chairman; Alliance of Free Democrats (SzDSz), Ivan PETO, chairman note: the Hungarian Socialist (Communist) Workers' Party (MSzMP) renounced Communism and became the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSzP) in October 1989; there is still a small MMP Member of: Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G- 9, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNU, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Gyorgy BANLAKI (since 27 October 1994) chancery: 3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730 FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Donald M. BLINKEN embassy: V. Szabadsag Ter 12, Budapest mailing address: Am Embassy, Unit 1320, Budapest; APO AE 09213-1320 telephone: [36] (1) 112-6450 FAX: [36] (1) 132-8934 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hungary Economy Overview: Since 1989 Hungary has been a leader in the transition from a socialist command economy to a market economy - thanks in large part to its initial economic reforms during the Communist era. The private sector now accounts for about 55% of GDP. Nonetheless, the transformation is proving difficult, and many citizens say life was better under the old system. On the bright side, the four-year decline in output finally ended in 1994, as real GDP increased an estimated 3%. This growth helped reduce unemployment to just over 10% by yearend, down from a peak of 13%. However, no progress was made against inflation, which remained stuck at about 20%, and the already-large current account deficit in the balance of payments actually got worse, reaching almost $4 billion. Underlying Hungary's other economic problems is the large budget deficit, which probably exceeded 7% of GDP in 1994, despite some late-year budget cutting by the new leftist government. In 1995 the government has pledged to accelerate privatization and lower the budget deficit to 5.5% of GDP. It believes this fiscal tightening will reduce the current account deficit to $2.5 billion but at the cost of holding economic growth to only 1%. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $58.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $5,700 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 21% (1994) Unemployment rate: 10.4% (yearend 1994) Budget: revenues: $11.3 billion expenditures: $14.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994) Exports: $10.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: raw materials and semi-finished goods 30.0%, machinery and transport equipment 20.1%, consumer goods 25.2%, food and agriculture 21.4%, fuels and energy 3.4% (1993) partners: Germany 25.3%, Italy 8.3%, Austria 10.5%, the FSU 14.0%, US 4.3% (1993) Imports: $14.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: fuels and energy 12.6%, raw materials and semi-finished goods 27.3%, machinery and transport equipment 33.0%, consumer goods 21.2%, food and agriculture 5.9% (1993) partners: Germany 21.5%, Italy 6.1%, Austria 11.8%, the FSU 20.9%, US 4.3% (1993); note - about one-fourth of the imports from the FSU were MiGs delivered as a debt payment External debt: $27 billion (September 1994) Industrial production: growth rate 7% (1994 est.) Electricity: capacity: 6,740,000 kW THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hungary Economy production: 31 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,012 kWh (1993) Industries: mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), buses, automobiles Agriculture: including forestry, accounts for 15% of GDP and 16% of employment; highly diversified crop and livestock farming; principal crops - wheat, corn, sunflowers, potatoes, sugar beets; livestock - hogs, cattle, poultry, dairy products; self-sufficient in food output Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southeast Asia heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals Economic aid: recipient: assistance pledged by OECD countries since 1989 about $9 billion Currency: 1 forint (Ft) = 100 filler Exchange rates: forints per US$1 - 112 (January 1995), 105.16 (1994), 91.93 (1993), 78.99 (1992), 74.74 (1991), 63.21 (1990), 59.07 (1989) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hungary Transportation Railroads: total: 7,785 km broad gauge: 35 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 7,574 km 1.435-m gauge (2,277 km electrified; 1,236 km double track) narrow gauge: 176 km mostly 0.760-m gauge (1994) Highways: total: 158,711 km paved: 69,992 km (441 km expressways) unpaved: 88,719 km (1992) Inland waterways: 1,622 km (1988) Pipelines: crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km (1991) Ports: Budapest, Dunaujvaros Merchant marine: total: 10 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 46,121 GRT/61,613 DWT Airports: 78 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 9 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 14 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 34 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hungary Communications Telephone system: 1,520,000 phones; 14.7 telephones/100 inhabitants (1993); 14,213 telex lines; automatic telephone network based on microwave radio relay system; 608,000 telephones on order; 12-15 year wait for a telephone; 49% of all phones are in Budapest (1991) local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay international: 1 INTELSAT and Intersputnik earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 32, FM 15, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 41 (Russian repeaters 8) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Hungary Defense Forces Branches: Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Guard, Territorial Defense Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,639,860; males fit for military service 2,105,632; males reach military age (18) annually 86,298 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 66.5 billion forints, NA% of GDP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results HUNGARY - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 90 days. For business travel and other information check Embassy of the Republic of Hungary, 3910 Shoemaker Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/362-6730) or Consulate General, 8 East 75th Street, New York, NY 10021 (212/879-4127). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Hungary ============================================================ Hungary - Consular Information Sheet August 18, 1995 Country Description: Hungary is a moderately developed European nation which has had a smooth transition to democratic rule but is still undergoing significant economic change. Tourist facilities outside Budapest are not as developed as those found in western Europe, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other western countries are not yet available outside the capital. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for stays of up to 90 days. Further information concerning entry requirements can be obtained at the Embassy of the Republic of Hungary at 3910 Shoemaker Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 362-6730, or the nearest Hungarian consulate in Los Angeles or New York. Medical Facilities: Adequate to excellent medical treatment is available in Hungary, although hospital facilities and staffing are not always comparable to those in the U.S. or western Europe. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payments for health services. Not all U.S. medical insurance is valid outside the United States. Travelers have found it useful, in some cases, to obtain supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Hungary has a low rate of violent crime. However, street crime, which occasionally involves violence, has increased especially at night near major hotels and restaurants and on public transportation. Theft of passports, currency and credit cards is a frequent problem, especially in youth hostels. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the U.S. embassy or consulate. The number of burglaries has risen substantially and vehicle thefts, particularly of high value automobiles, is a major problem. Useful information on travel to the region and protecting personal security while traveling is provided in the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Other Information: The acceptance of traveler's checks and credit cards is not universal. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within Hungary. The U.S. Embassy is at V. Szabadsag Ter 12 in Budapest; Telephone (36-1) 112-6450. No. 95-096 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 13,1994, to update information on crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Hungary ============================================================ Hungary - Consular Information Sheet August 18, 1995 Country Description: Hungary is a moderately developed European nation which has had a smooth transition to democratic rule but is still undergoing significant economic change. Tourist facilities outside Budapest are not as developed as those found in western Europe, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other western countries are not yet available outside the capital. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for stays of up to 90 days. Further information concerning entry requirements can be obtained at the Embassy of the Republic of Hungary at 3910 Shoemaker Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 362-6730, or the nearest Hungarian consulate in Los Angeles or New York. Medical Facilities: Adequate to excellent medical treatment is available in Hungary, although hospital facilities and staffing are not always comparable to those in the U.S. or western Europe. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payments for health services. Not all U.S. medical insurance is valid outside the United States. Travelers have found it useful, in some cases, to obtain supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Hungary has a low rate of violent crime. However, street crime, which occasionally involves violence, has increased especially at night near major hotels and restaurants and on public transportation. Theft of passports, currency and credit cards is a frequent problem, especially in youth hostels. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the U.S. embassy or consulate. The number of burglaries has risen substantially and vehicle thefts, particularly of high value automobiles, is a major problem. Useful information on travel to the region and protecting personal security while traveling is provided in the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Other Information: The acceptance of traveler's checks and credit cards is not universal. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within Hungary. The U.S. Embassy is at V. Szabadsag Ter 12 in Budapest; Telephone (36-1) 112-6450. No. 95-096 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 13,1994, to update information on crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 mon,$ x9#B) CCl@( CCy2( n2#))I 9\T\29 @d\@@#h )#I\\)c EFF>a < #PF>x K^qq* @\\'d a\T2E (-WGG( (::(-114 G1:4:11 4:4414:141 14:14:1: c-4:14:1 4:4-W I\Tn@ G-(-(-1 (-(-1-(--1 1-(--((: W-(-1(- -(11: \#@@I9 G:zpzc1 zpzp-G 1czcWzp: ::zGGzGcz :11(: :11-c I\T\9#@9 (cz:1zc 1cp=zc-1-p zpz:-WzW(: pcGzWzpc:z 11--1--1(- -(-(11-(-1 1(--( 11-(-11- 1414141414 1414141414 1414141414 141414114 3U*^U *Sq}U M<<*3*S^ I2#@) TdxT9 dxxIT dn)Tn9\ InT29n\IT )I\I@2n@ 9xI)I, )\Id) \IIdITIT IT\@d \\dd\@I \@@I@d ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; 6RFRFR FRFRFRFRFR FRFRFR RFRFR RFRFR RFRFR 22:22 1:2::2 22:22: 12:22:2 2:2:2 1-1--1 2:2:: 1-11- 1--11 ::2:: :22:22 2:2:2:: :22:22: 2:2::1- 2:22:22: 2:22: ::2::2 2:2:22: Iceland Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ICELAND x8dot3 e3e3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland Geography Location: Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK Map references: Arctic Region Area: total area: 103,000 sq km land area: 100,250 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Kentucky Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 4,988 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Ireland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area) Climate: temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers Terrain: mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords Natural resources: fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 1% other: 78% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment natural hazards: earthquakes and volcanic activity international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland Geography Note: strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland People Population: 265,998 (July 1995 est.) note: population data estimates based on average growth rate may differ slightly from official population data because of volatile migration rates Age structure: 0-14 years: 24% (female 31,482; male 32,912) 15-64 years: 65% (female 84,559; male 87,089) 65 years and over: 11% (female 16,554; male 13,402) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.92% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.85 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.98 years male: 76.69 years female: 81.39 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.06 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Icelander(s) adjective: Icelandic Ethnic divisions: homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norwegians and Celts Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 96%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, none 1% (1988) Languages: Icelandic Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1976 est.) total population: 100% Labor force: 127,900 by occupation: commerce, transportation, and services 60.0%, manufacturing 12.5%, fishing and fish processing 11.8%, construction 10.8%, agriculture 4.0% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Iceland conventional short form: Iceland local long form: Lyoveldio Island local short form: Island Digraph: IC Type: republic Capital: Reykjavik Administrative divisions: 23 counties (syslar, singular - sysla) and 14 independent towns* (kaupstadhir, singular - kaupstadhur); Akranes*, Akureyri*, Arnessysla, Austur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Austur-Hunavatnssysla, Austur-Skaftafellssysla, Borgarfjardharsysla, Dalasysla, Eyjafjardharsysla, Gullbringusysla, Hafnarfjordhur*, Husavik*, Isafjordhur*, Keflavik*, Kjosarsysla, Kopavogur*, Myrasysla, Neskaupstadhur*, Nordhur-Isafjardharsysla, Nordhur-Mulasys-la, Nordhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Olafsfjordhur*, Rangarvallasysla, Reykjavik*, Saudharkrokur*, Seydhisfjordhur*, Siglufjordhur*, Skagafjardharsysla, Snaefellsnes-og Hnappadalssysla, Strandasysla, Sudhur-Mulasysla, Sudhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Vesttmannaeyjar*, Vestur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Vestur-Hunavatnssysla, Vestur-Isafjardharsysla, Vestur-Skaftafellssysla Independence: 17 June 1944 (from Denmark) National holiday: Anniversary of the Establishment of the Republic, 17 June (1944) Constitution: 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 Legal system: civil law system based on Danish law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR (since 1 August 1980); election last held on 29 June 1988 (next scheduled for June 1996); results - there was no election in 1992 as President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR was unopposed head of government: Prime Minister David ODDSSON (since 30 April 1991) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (Althing): elections last held on 8 April 1995 (next to be held by April 1999); results - Independence Party 37.1%, Progressive Party 23.3%, Social Democratic Party 11.4%, Socialists 14.3%, People's Movement 7.2%, Women's Party 4.9%; seats - (63 total) Independence 25, Progressive 15, Social Democratic 7, Socialists 9, People's Movement 4, Women's Party 3 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Haestirettur) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland Government Political parties and leaders: Independence Party (conservative), David ODDSSON; Progressive Party, Halldor ASGRIMSSON; Social Democratic Party, Jon Baldvin HANNIBALSSON; People's Alliance (left socialist), Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON; Women's Party; People's Movement (moderate left); National Awakening, Johanna SIGURDARDOTTIR Member of: Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNU, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Einar BENEDIKTSSON chancery: Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 265-6653 through 6655 FAX: [1] (202) 265-6656 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Parker W. BORG embassy: Laufasvegur 21, Box 40, Reykjavik mailing address: US Embassy, PSC 1003, Box 40, Reykjavik; FPO AE 09728-0340 telephone: [354] (1) 629100 FAX: [354] (1) 629139 Flag: blue with a red cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland Economy Overview: Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, but with an extensive welfare system, relatively low unemployment, and comparatively even distribution of income. The economy is heavily dependent on the fishing industry, which provides nearly 75% of export earnings and employs 12% of the work force. In the absence of other natural resources - except energy - Iceland's economy is vulnerable to changing world fish prices. The economy, in recession since 1988, began to recover in 1993, posting 0.4% growth, but was still hampered by cutbacks in fish quotas as well as falling world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Real GDP grew by perhaps 2.4% in 1994. The center-right government plans to continue its policies of reducing the budget and current account deficits, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, diversifying the economy, and privatizing state-owned industries. The government, however, remains divided on the issue of EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.5 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $17,250 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 7% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $1.9 billion expenditures: $2.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, ferrosilicon, diatomite partners: EC 68% (UK 25%, Germany 12%), US 11%, Japan 8% (1992) Imports: $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles partners: EC 53% (Germany 14%, Denmark 10%, UK 9%), Norway 14%, US 9% (1992) External debt: $2.5 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 1.75% (1991 est.) Electricity: capacity: 1,070,000 kW production: 4.7 billion kWh consumption per capita: 16,458 kWh (1993) Industries: fish processing, aluminum smelting, ferro-silicon production, geothermal power THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland Economy Agriculture: accounts for about 15% of GDP; fishing is most important economic activity, contributing nearly 75% to export earnings; principal crops - potatoes, turnips; livestock - cattle, sheep; fish catch of about 1.1 million metric tons in 1992 Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $19.1 million Currency: 1 Icelandic krona (IKr) = 100 aurar Exchange rates: Icelandic kronur (IKr) per US$1 - 67.760 (January 1995), 69.944 (1994), 67.603 (1993), 57.546 (1992), 58.996 (1991), 58.284 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 11,373 km paved: 2,513 km unpaved: gravel, earth 8,860 km (1992) Ports: Akureyri, Hornafjordur, Isafjordur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vestmannaeyjar Merchant marine: total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 30,025 GRT/40,410 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, oil tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 Airports: total: 90 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 6 with paved runways under 914 m: 53 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 23 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland Communications Telephone system: 140,000 telephones; adequate domestic service local: NA intercity: the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links international: 2 earth stations carry all international traffic through an Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT satellite Radio: broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 147 (transmitters and repeaters), shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 202 (transmitters and repeaters) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iceland Defense Forces Branches: no regular armed forces; Police, Coast Guard; note - Iceland's defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik Manpower availability: males age 15-49 70,743; males fit for military service 62,698 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: none ICELAND - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 3 months. (Period begins when entering Scandinavian area: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden.) For additional information call Embassy of Iceland, 2022 Conn. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/265-6653-5) or Consulate General in New York (212/686-4100). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Iceland ============================================================ Iceland - Consular Information Sheet July 6, 1995 Country Description: Iceland is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A tourist or business visa is not required for stays up to 90 days (the period begins when entering the Nordic area: Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland). For further information concerning entry requirements for Iceland, travelers can contact the Embassy of Iceland at 1156 15th Street N.W., Suite1200, Washington, D.C. 20005, tel (202) 265-6653, or the Icelandic Consulate General in New York. Tel. (212) 686-4100. Medical Facilities: Excellent medical facilities are available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers' hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Iceland has a low crime rate. However, travelers can become the targets of purse snatchers and pickpockets in urban areas. Tourists should be aware that downtown Reykjavik can become disorderly on late evenings, especially over weekends. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad", available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Driving under the influence of alcohol In Iceland is considered a serious matter, is measured by a stricter standard, and is generally penalized more severely than in the United States. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who register with the Consular Section of the Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security in Iceland. The U.S. Embassy in Reykjavik is located at Laufasvegur 21, telephone (354-5) 629100. No. 95-078 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 20, 1994, to change the address of the Icelandic Embassy in Washington and to update crime information. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map D](=P(=]J= (=D2= {5.C( 2=(2=((62( .((..G( Ol8,d ,@A8d,@@ w8R A ,RR8R,@@ RAdR@d8 d8ARRAs @8AmR `F/vjv UMjMj 6=.(] gcjvgk of|vy WyhKWv ^Wjv| l\|yyv vyyMW vyvMjgM GvMMvYY G7vc>k =eq29( |>7Gcg jvc7W q{eD2 ^UMMjk>c PPD(6P26e6 q.66D2qe .66B. #K3#7> jU^\^| jk\vj ^cvMp |vvyhC Mfau^} vh\gWjWU Z>vj>v W>vUg GK^vj r\M|vvW fK}EK G>f>r jEc^r cWK7G =6.E( 2.(==(.I( =(.2(6.*( ={ee{e D2]6P+( 2(2.=2(66( .6=6.2$( 6{.D2P..6 =(6PJ=22P%( + && &+& & 9)+) 2..2. .]6(6.D.D. (6(=266DPe JP6D=6J6(6 6J6J2==2=D =2=D(] JJ=({ ]Pe(J D(]6e6e2 6J(JDJ. q{q{q ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Ac,,1 uEuEE 6R6R66 R6R6R6 Q;#;, Y;YHY Y;YHYPY Y;YHYPY ;YHYPY Y;YHY PYfYHY Y;PYHY ;Y;PY ;Y;PYHY ;Y;PYHY Y;PYHY ;Y;PY ;Y;PYHY ;Y;PYHY Y;PYHY ;Y;PY ;Y;PYHY ;QQI> BABABABABA ABABABA BABABABABA BABABABA A ?BABABABAB ABABAB ABABA ABABABABAB ABABABABAB ABABABABAB ABABABABAB ABABA ABABABABAB 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1> India Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights INDIA x8dot3 Hindi language E THE WORLD FACTBOOK India Geography Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Pakistan Map references: Asia Area: total area: 3,287,590 km2 land area: 2,973,190 km2 comparative area: slightly more than one-third the size of the US Land boundaries: total 14,103 km, Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km Coastline: 7,000 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: boundaries with Bangladesh and China; status of Kashmir with Pakistan; water-sharing problems with downstream riparians, Bangladesh over the Ganges and Pakistan over the Indus Climate: varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north Terrain: upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north Natural resources: coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone Land use: arable land: 55% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 23% other: 17% Irrigated land: 430,390 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and rapidly growing population is overstraining natural resources THE WORLD FACTBOOK India Geography natural hazards: droughts, flash floods, severe thunderstorms common; earthquakes international agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea Note: dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes THE WORLD FACTBOOK India People Population: 936,545,814 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 35% (female 159,921,309; male 168,812,255) 15-64 years: 61% (female 274,105,407; male 296,145,798) 65 years and over: 4% (female 18,870,762; male 18,690,283) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.77% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 27.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 76.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 59.04 years male: 58.5 years female: 59.61 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.4 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Indian(s) adjective: Indian Ethnic divisions: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% Religions: Hindu 80%, Muslim 14%, Christian 2.4%, Sikh 2%, Buddhist 0.7%, Jains 0.5%, other 0.4% Languages: English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, Hindi the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people, Bengali (official), Telugu (official), Marathi (official), Tamil (official), Urdu (official), Gujarati (official), Malayalam (official), Kannada (official), Oriya (official), Punjabi (official), Assamese (official), Kashmiri (official), Sindhi (official), Sanskrit (official), Hindustani a popular variant of Hindu/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India note: 24 languages each spoken by a million or more persons; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible Literacy: age 7 and over can read and write (1991) total population: 52% male: 64% female: 39% THE WORLD FACTBOOK India People Labor force: 314.751 million (1990) by occupation: agriculture 65% (1993 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK India Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of India conventional short form: India Digraph: IN Type: federal republic Capital: New Delhi Administrative divisions: 25 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal Independence: 15 August 1947 (from UK) National holiday: Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 26 January (1950) Constitution: 26 January 1950 Legal system: based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Shankar Dayal SHARMA (since 25 July 1992); Vice President Kicheril Raman NARAYANAN (since 21 August 1992) head of government: Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha RAO (since 21 June 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Sansad) Council of States (Rajya Sabha): body consisting of not more than 250 members, up to 12 appointed by the president, the remainder chosen by the elected members of the state and territorial assemblies People's Assembly (Lok Sabha): elections last held 21 May, 12 and 15 June 1991 (next to be held by 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (545 total, 543 elected, 2 appointed) Congress (I) Party 245, BJP 119, Janata Dal Party 39, Janata Dal (Ajit Singh) 20, CPI/M 35, CPI 14, Telugu Desam 13, AIADMK 11, Samajwadi Janata Party 5, Shiv Sena 4, RSP 4, BSP 1, Congress (S) Party 1, other 23, vacant 9; note - the distribution of seats as of 18 January 1995 is as follows: Congress (I) Party 260, BJP 117, CPI/M 36, Janata Dal Party 24, Samta Party 14, CPI 14, AIADMK 12, Janata Dal (Ajit) 7, Telugu Desam 7, RSP 4, Janata Dal (Ex-Ajit) 3, Samajwadi Party 3, BSP 3, AIFB 3, Shiv Sena 2, Congress (S) Party 1, Kerala Congress (Mani faction) 1, Bihar Peoples Party 1, India National League 1, other 14, vacant 16 Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK India Government Political parties and leaders: Congress (I) Party, P. V. Narasimha RAO, president; Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), L.K. ADVANI; Janata Dal Party, S.R. BOMMAI; Janata Dal (Ajit), Ajit SINGH; Janata Dal (Ex-Ajit), leader NA; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), Harkishan Singh SURJEET; Communist Party of India (CPI), Indrajit GUPTA; Telugu Desam (a regional party in Andhra Pradesh), N. T. Rama RAO; All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazagham (AIADMK; a regional party in Tamil Nadu), Jayaram JAYALALITHA; Samajwadi Party (SP), Mulayam Singh YADAV (President), Om Prakash CHAUTALA, Devi LAL; Shiv Sena, Bal THACKERAY; Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP), Tridip CHOWDHURY; Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Kanshi RAM; Congress (S) Party, leader NA; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist (CPI/ML), Vinod MISHRA; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham (a regional party in Tamil Nadu), M. KARUNANIDHI; Akali Dal factions representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab; National Conference (NC; a regional party in Jammu and Kashmir), Farooq ABDULLAH; Bihar Peoples Party, Lovely ANAND; Samta Party (formerly Janata Dal members), Natish KUMAR; Indian National League, Suliaman SAIT; Kerala Congress (Mani faction), K.M. MANI; All India Forward Bloc (AIFB), Prem Dutta PALIWAL (Chairman), Chitta BASU (General Secretary) Other political or pressure groups: various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy; numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Adam Sena, Ananda Marg, Vishwa Hindu Parishad, and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G- 6, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), PCA, SAARC, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Siddhartha Shankar RAY chancery: 2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-7000 consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York, and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Frank G. WISNER embassy: Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri 110021, New Delhi mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [91] (11) 600651 FAX: [91] (11) 6872028 consulate(s) general: Bombay, Calcutta, Madras Flag: three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band THE WORLD FACTBOOK India Economy Overview: India's economy is a mixture of traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of support services. Faster economic growth in the 1980s permitted a significant increase in real per capita private consumption. A large share of the population, perhaps as much as 40%, remains too poor to afford an adequate diet. Financial strains in 1990 and 1991 prompted government austerity measures that slowed industrial growth but permitted India to meet its international payment obligations without rescheduling its debt. Production, trade, and investment reforms since 1991 have provided new opportunities for Indian businessmen and an estimated 100 million to 200 million middle class consumers. New Delhi has always paid its foreign debts on schedule and has stimulated exports, attracted foreign investment, and revived confidence in India's economic prospects. Foreign exchange reserves, precariously low three years ago, now total more than $19 billion. Positive factors for the remainder of the 1990s are India's strong entrepreneurial class and the central government's recognition of the continuing need for market-oriented approaches to economic development, for example in upgrading the wholly inadequate communications facilities. Negative factors include the desperate poverty of hundreds of millions of Indians and the impact of the huge and expanding population on an already overloaded environment. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2539 trillion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,360 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $30.85 billion expenditures: $48.35 billion, including capital expenditures of $10.5 billion (FY93/94) Exports: $24.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: clothing, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures, cotton yarn, and fabric partners: US, Japan, Germany, UK, Hong Kong Imports: $25.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: crude oil and petroleum products, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals partners: US, Germany, Saudi Arabia, UK, Belgium, Japan External debt: $89.2 billion (November 1994) Industrial production: growth rate 7% (1994 est.); accounts for 28% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 81,200,000 kW production: 314 billion kWh THE WORLD FACTBOOK India Economy consumption per capita: 324 kWh (1993) Industries: textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery Agriculture: accounts for 34% of GDP; principal crops - rice, wheat, oilseeds, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; livestock - cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, poultry; fish catch of about 3 million metric tons ranks India among the world's top 10 fishing nations Illicit drugs: licit producer of opium poppy for the pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets; major transit country for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of hashish and methaqualone; produced 82 metric tons of illicit opium in 1994 Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $31.7 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $315 million; USSR (1970-89), $11.6 billion; Eastern Europe (1970-89), $105 million Currency: 1 Indian rupee (Re) = 100 paise Exchange rates: Indian rupees (Rs) per US$1 - 31.374 (January 1995), 31.374 (1994), 30.493 (1993), 25.918 (1992), 22.742 (1991), 17.504 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK India Transportation Railroads: total: 62,211 km (6,500 km electrified; 12,617 km double track) broad gauge: 34,544 km 1.676-m gauge narrow gauge: 23,599 km 1.000-m gauge; 4,068 km 0.762-m and 0.610-m gauge (1994 est.) Highways: total: 1.97 million km paved: 960,000 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, earth 1.01 million km (1989) Inland waterways: 16,180 km; 3,631 km navigable by large vessels Pipelines: crude oil 3,497 km; petroleum products 1,703 km; natural gas 902 km (1989) Ports: Bombay, Calcutta, Cochin, Haldia, Kandla, Madras, Mormugao, New Mangalore, Pondicherry, Port Blair (Andaman Islands), Tuticorin, Vishakhapatnam Merchant marine: total: 299 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,288,902 GRT/10,454,178 DWT ships by type: bulk 114, cargo 78, chemical tanker 9, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 5, container 10, liquefied gas tanker 6, oil tanker 68, passenger-cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1 Airports: total: 352 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 11 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 48 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 85 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 72 with paved runways under 914 m: 81 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 7 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 46 THE WORLD FACTBOOK India Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; 5 telephones/1,000 persons; domestic telephone system is poor; long-distance telephoning has been improved by a domestic satellite system which also carries TV local: NA intercity: NA international: 3 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth stations and submarine cables to Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates Radio: broadcast stations: AM 96, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 274 (government controlled) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK India Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, various security or paramilitary forces (includes Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, and Coast Guard) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 253,134,487; males fit for military service 148,814,104; males reach military age (17) annually 9,461,907 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $7.8 billion, 2.8% of GDP (FY94/95) $INDIA - Passport and visa required. Obtain visa in advance. Tourist visa valid for stay up to 1 month, requires $5 fee, up to 6 months $25 fee and up to 12 months $50 fee, 1 application form, 2 photos, onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds. Visa must be obtained before arrival. Business visa requires $50 fee, 2 application forms, 2 photos and company letter stating purpose of trip and itinerary. Include prepaid envelope for return of passport by certified mail. Allow 2 weeks for processing. Yellow fever immunization needed if arriving from infected area. AIDS test required for all students and anyone over 18 staying more than 1 year; U.S. test sometimes accepted. Check requirements with Embassy of India, 2536 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/939-9839/9850) or nearest Consulate General: Chicago (312/781-6280), New York (212/879-7800) or San Francisco (415/668-0683). India - Consular Information Sheet October 13, 1994 Country Description: India is a developing democratic republic. Tourist facilities varying in degree of comfort and amenities are widely available in the major population centers and main tourist areas. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa (which must be obtained in advance) are required for entry into India for tourism or business. Evidence of yellow fever immunization is needed if the traveler is arriving from an infected area. For further entry information, the traveler can contact the Embassy of India at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 939-9839 or 939-9850 or the Indian Consulates in Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Honolulu, and New Orleans. Terrorism: There have been no major terrorist events in India since March of 1993 when bombings at public buildings, hotels and transportation centers in Bombay caused several hundred deaths and many injuries. Foreigners were not targeted in those attacks, and none were reported injured. While the threat of acts of terrorism remains, there have been no comparable bombings in more than one year. Areas of Instability: Countrywide - The potential exists for outbreaks of communal and inter-caste violence in most major cities. Major civil disturbances can pose risks to a traveler's personal safety and can disrupt transportation systems and city services. In response to communal violence, Indian authorities may occasionally impose curfews. In addition, political rallies and demonstrations in India have the potential for violence. Foreigners have not been the targets of either communal or political violence in India, and are principally at risk only of becoming inadvertent victims. U.S. citizens may contact the American Embassy or the nearest American Consulate General for further information about the current situation in areas where they wish to travel. Kashmir - In July 1994 an American tourist was fatally shot in Srinagar, and in June 1994 militants held two British hikers hostage for eighteen days before releasing them. These recent events demonstrate that the Kashmir Valley in the State of Jammu and Kashmir remains a dangerous place where terrorist activities and violent civil disturbances continue. Uttar Pradesh - In September and October 1994 there were numerous incidents of violent encounters between police and activists for a separate state for the hill districts of Uttar Pradesh. Dozens were killed and many more injured in the incidents of mob action which resulted in imposition of curfew and disruption of public transportation in many towns including Dehradun, Rishikesh, Nainital and other popular tourist destinations. Northeast States - Civil unrest pervades the Northeast States. Terrorist groups in Assam have bombed trains, buses and bridges. The government of India has declared Assam to be a "disturbed area." Numerous political killings have occurred in Nagaland and Manipur. India/Pakistan Border - Tensions run high between India and Pakistan, particularly over Kashmir. The only official India-Pakistan border-crossing point is between Atari, India and Wagah, Pakistan. A Pakistani visa is required for entry to Pakistan. Restricted Areas: Permission from the Indian government (from Indian diplomatic missions abroad or, in some cases, from the Ministry of Home Affairs) is required to visit the states of Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, parts of Kulu District and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, border areas of Jammu and Kashmir, areas of Uttar Pradesh, the area west of National Highway No. 15 running from Ganganagar to Sanchar in Rajasthan, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Union Territory of the Laccadive Islands. Medical Facilities: Adequate medical care is available in the major population centers, but is usually limited in the rural areas of the country. Medical authorities suggest that travelers to India take preventive measures against malaria, hepatitis, meningitis and Japanese encephilitis (if arriving during the monsoon season). Travelers arriving from countries where outbreaks of yellow fever have occurred will be required to furnish a certificate of yellow fever vaccination. Cholera and gastroenteritis occur during the summer monsoon months, mostly in the poorer areas of India. The best protection includes eating only at better quality restaurants or hotels, drinking only boiled or bottled mineral water and avoiding ice. Eating untreated fruits and vegetables and cooked foods sold by street vendors can be risky. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate payment in cash for health services. Supplemental health insurance which specifically covers overseas treatment and medical evacuation has proven useful. The interiors of international flights arriving in India may be sprayed with insecticides while passengers are still aboard, a practice discontinued in the U.S. because of human health concerns. Additional information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime, especially theft of personal property, is common. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to South Asia." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders in India can expect a minimum jail sentence of ten years and fines. Customs Considerations: Indian customs authorities strictly enforce the laws and regulations governing the declaration, importation or possession of gold and gold objects. Travelers have sometimes been detained for possession of undeclared gold objects. Mountain Climbing: Both India and Pakistan claim an area of the Karakoram mountain range which includes the Siachen Glacier. The two countries have established military outposts in the region, and armed clashes have occurred. Because of this situation, U.S. citizens traveling to or climbing peaks anywhere in the disputed area face significant risk of injury and death. The disputed area includes the following peaks: Rimo Peak, Apsarasas I, II, and III, Tegam Kangri I, II, and III, Suingri Kangri, Ghaint I and II, Indira Col, and Sia Kangri. Piloting Civil Aircraft: In past years there have been a number of incidents in which civil aircraft have been detained for deviating from approved flight plans. U.S. citizens piloting civil aircraft in India must file any changes to previous flight plans and may not overfly restricted airspace. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi or at one of the U.S. Consulates in India can obtain updated information on travel and security in India and Bhutan and can obtain a copy of a booklet, "Guidelines for American Travelers in India." Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of New Delhi on Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri 110021; telephone (91) (11) 600651. There are U.S. Consulates General in Bombay at Lincoln House, 78 Bhulabhai Desai Road, Bombay 400026, telephone (91) (22) 363-3611; in Calcutta at 5/1 Ho Chi Minh Sarani, Calcutta 700071, telephone (91) (033) 22-3611 through 22- 3615 and 22-2335 through 22-2337; and in Madras on Mount Road, Madras 600006, telephone (91) (44) 473-040/477-542. The workweek is Monday through Friday. No. 94-235 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 16, 1994, to revise the section on Areas of Instability. 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It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Industries: based on exploitation of natural resources, particularly fish, minerals, oil and gas, fishing, sand and gravel THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indian Ocean Transportation Ports: Bombay (India), Calcutta (India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Madras (India), Melbourne (Australia), Richard's Bay (South Africa) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indian Ocean Communications Telephone system: international: submarine cables from India to United Arab Emirates and Malaysia, and from Sri Lanka to Djibouti and Indonesia Map Button Image Show Map 69;]p m5>5Hem 5E9;9] A?;6S N8??;;9_ A;99;6S .i.ii)^ii T6;99?? 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Environment: current issues: deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas natural hazards: occasional floods, severe droughts, and tsunamis international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Life Conservation, Tropical Timber 94 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indonesia Geography Note: archipelago of 13,500 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indonesia People Population: 203,583,886 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 32% (female 32,548,039; male 33,485,810) 15-64 years: 64% (female 65,394,816; male 64,914,362) 65 years and over: 4% (female 4,027,367; male 3,213,492) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.56% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 24.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 65 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 61.22 years male: 59.13 years female: 63.42 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.74 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Indonesian(s) adjective: Indonesian Ethnic divisions: Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26% Religions: Muslim 87%, Protestant 6%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1985) Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay; official), English, Dutch, local dialects the most widely spoken of which is Javanese Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 82% male: 88% female: 75% Labor force: 67 million by occupation: agriculture 55%, manufacturing 10%, construction 4%, transport and communications 3% (1985 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indonesia Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia conventional short form: Indonesia local long form: Republik Indonesia local short form: Indonesia former: Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies Digraph: ID Type: republic Capital: Jakarta Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Bengkulu, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Lampung, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Timor Timur, Yogyakarta* Independence: 17 August 1945 (proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands) National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August (1945) Constitution: August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959 Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Gen. (Ret.) SOEHARTO (since 27 March 1968); Vice President Gen. (Ret.) Try SUTRISNO (since 11 March 1993) cabinet: Cabinet Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR): elections last held on 8 June 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - GOLKAR 68%, PPP 17%, PDI 15%; seats - (500 total, 400 elected, 100 military representatives appointed) GOLKAR 282, PPP 62, PDI 56 note: the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) includes the DPR plus 500 indirectly elected members who meet every five years to elect the president and vice president and, theoretically, to determine national policy Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indonesia Government Political parties and leaders: GOLKAR (quasi-official party based on functional groups), Lt. Gen. (Ret.) HARMOKO, general chairman; Indonesia Democracy Party (PDI - federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties), Megawati SUKARNOPUTRI, chairman; Development Unity Party (PPP, federation of former Islamic parties), Ismail Hasan METAREUM, chairman Member of: APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Arifin Mohamad SIREGAR chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 775-5200 FAX: [1] (202) 775-5365 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Robert L. BARRY embassy: Medan Merdeka Selatan 5, Box 1, Jakarta mailing address: APO AP 96520 telephone: [62] (21) 360360 FAX: [62] (21) 3862259 consulate(s) general: Medan, Surabaya Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indonesia Economy Overview: Indonesia is a mixed economy with some socialist institutions and central planning but with a recent emphasis on deregulation and private enterprise. Indonesia has extensive natural wealth, yet, with a large and rapidly increasing population, it remains a rather poor country. Real GDP growth in 1985-94 averaged about 6%, quite impressive, but not sufficient to both slash underemployment and absorb the 2.3 million workers annually entering the labor force. Agriculture, including forestry and fishing, is an important sector, accounting for 21% of GDP and over 50% of the labor force. The staple crop is rice. Once the world's largest rice importer, Indonesia is now nearly self-sufficient. Plantation crops - rubber and palm oil - and textiles and plywood are being encouraged for both export and job generation. Industrial output now accounts for almost 40% of GDP and is based on a supply of diverse natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, timber, metals, and coal. Foreign investment has also boosted manufacturing output and exports in recent years. Indeed, the economy's growth is highly dependent on the continuing expansion of nonoil exports. Japan remains Indonesia's most important customer and supplier of aid. Rapid growth in the money supply in 1989-90 prompted Jakarta to implement a tight monetary policy in 1991, forcing the private sector to go to foreign banks for investment financing. Real interest rates remained above 10% and off-shore commercial debt grew. The growth in off-shore debt prompted Jakarta to limit foreign borrowing beginning in late 1991. Despite the continued problems in moving toward a more open financial system and the persistence of a fairly tight credit situation, GDP growth in 1992-94 has matched the government target of 6%-7% annual growth. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $619.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 6.7% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,090 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9.3% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 3% official rate; underemployment 40% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $32.8 billion expenditures: $32.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $12.9 billion (FY94/95) Exports: $41.3 billion (f.o.b, 1994 est.) commodities: manufactures 56.7%, fuels 24.8%, foodstuffs 11.1%, raw materials 7.4% (1994 est.) partners: Japan 30%, US 14%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 6%, Taiwan 4% (1993) Imports: $31.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: capital equipment 44.2%, intermed and raw materials 37.0%, consumer goods 11.5%, fuels 7.2% (1994 est.) partners: Japan 22%, US 11%, South Korea 7%, Germany 7%, Singapore 6%, Australia 5%, Taiwan 5% (1993) External debt: $87 billion (1994) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indonesia Economy Industrial production: growth rate 8.4% (1993 est.); accounts for 40% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 12,100,000 kW production: 44 billion kWh consumption per capita: 207 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum and natural gas, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, food, rubber Agriculture: accounts for 21% of GDP; subsistence food production; small-holder and plantation production for export; main products are rice, cassava, peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, other tropical products, poultry, beef, pork, eggs Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade, but not a major player; government actively eradicating plantings and prosecuting traffickers; growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin; increasing indigenous methamphetamine abuse Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $25.9 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $213 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $175 million Currency: 1 Indonesian rupiah (Rp) = 100 sen (sen no longer used) Exchange rates: Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 2,203.6 (January 1995), 2,160.7 (1994), 2,087.1 (1993), 2,029.9 (1992), 1,950.3 (1991), 1,842.8 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indonesia Transportation Railroads: total: 6,964 km narrow gauge: 6,389 km 1.067-m gauge (101 km electrified; 101 km double track); 497 km 0.750-m gauge; 78 km 0.600-m gauge Highways: total: 119,500 km paved: NA unpaved: NA undifferentiated: provincial 34,180 km; district 73,508 km; state 11,812 km Inland waterways: 21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km Pipelines: crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989) Ports: Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya, Ujungpandang Merchant marine: total: 438 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,942,527 GRT/2,818,296 DWT ships by type: bulk 26, cargo 259, chemical tanker 7, container 11, liquefied gas tanker 6, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 85, passenger 6, passenger-cargo 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 4 Airports: total: 450 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 35 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 42 with paved runways under 914 m: 324 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 4 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 32 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indonesia Communications Telephone system: 763,000 telephones (1986); domestic service fair, international service good local: NA intercity: interisland microwave system and HF police net; 1 earth station for a domestic satellite international: 2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 618, FM 38, shortwave 0 radios: NA note: radiobroadcast coverage good Television: broadcast stations: 9 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Indonesia Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 55,883,688; males fit for military service 32,952,204; males reach military age (18) annually 2,247,586 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 1.5% of GNP (FY94/95) INDONESIA - Valid passport and onward/return ticket required. Visa not required for tourist stay up to 2 months (non-extendable). For longer stays and additional information consult Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 (202/775-5200) or nearest Consulate: CA (213/383-5126 or 415/474-9571), IL (312/938-0101), NY (212/879-0600) or TX (713/626-3291). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Indonesia ============================================================ Indonesia - Consular Information Sheet May 8, 1995 Country Description: Indonesia is an independent republic consisting of more than 13,500 islands spread over 3000 miles. Its economy is developing and tourist services are plentiful in the major tourist sites. Entry Requirements: Passports valid for a minimum of six months at the time of admission and onward return tickets are required. Visas are not required for tourist/business stays of up to two months (nonextendable). Special permits are required for some areas of Indonesia. For longer stays and more current information, the traveler may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, telephone (202) 775-5200. Areas of Instability: Periodically, limited civil unrest resulting in violence has occurred in the province of Aceh, located in the far northern tip of Sumatra and in the Province of East Timor, located 300 miles north of Australia. In the Province of Irian Jaya, certain regions require special permits to visit. Permits can be obtained from police authorities in Indonesia. Medical Facilities: The general level of sanitation and health is below U.S. expectations. Adequate routine medical care is available in all major cities. Emergency services are generally inadequate outside of major cities. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control can be reached at (404) 332-4559 for additional useful health information. Information on Crime: The crime rate in Jakarta is moderate. Minor crimes such as pickpocketing and thefts occur in popular tourist sites throughout the country. Incidents of car-jackings and robbery have been reported. Lost or stolen passports should be reported to the local police and the U.S. Embassy or nearest U.S. consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy or a U.S. consulate may obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located in Jakarta at Medan Merdeka Selatan 5; telephone (62-21) 360-360. U.S. consulates general are in Medan at Jalan Immam Bonjol 13; telephone (62-61) 322200 and in Surabaya at Jalan Raya Dr. Sutomo 33; telephone (62-31)582-287/8. There is a Consular Agent in Bali at Jalan Segara Ayu No. 5, Sanur Bali, telephone 62-0361-288478. No. 95-062 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated November 25, 1994, to report incidents of car-jackings and robbery. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Indonesian Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights INDONESI Z]P]f language ]//@e xMKMKFKM ?KMFMFMM L//B82$/ /d@]dTT9 FFMFKMM !&!&!&!&!+ +!&!&!& !&!&!&!&!+ @l/@L@99TT KFMMC hVMMFMMF MFRbV l9L/] ?KMMKR MFMMV |Rsaa lT9Tl/] V>MKF MMKMFVVp saaFOa| Ldd]uuldd Tuul// |?>MM FMMR>KVWU JO:?Ep d//d]/@d/T ]/9u9/T 9/u@ / FV~WVV pvVME: ?$JEW :J$%1 9lL@LTd9/l u/d@]] 2//Td/ 9//LL E:%$1 ?5:?5 |>:?V j]L/d 55:5: JEJF?MRM| M5:5E$UB:% JEO:~ OOEEFKMKM| bE5:5b1z ttVRK :3:OR?F??F 7//]T abRROE1J E::?5:?E:E EJM??FJMKO M??::353: aaMM:OE: JE5::?J MKRMMKMMaa vi~z~W~v ?J:$55F: ::EEJOEFFM QcH7ZAHH 77QA//d i:hhF RFMOJJ KRMMFMa ?3%:$?:Jt FMMKMFMFMF FMRaa d9/7@ ]@LL] VJ5:?5J?C a|saaO bRRMM aRaass ?:E55ECbt JE5J5:U ?35?:i Qm/mc F??E:? %b$h5U%p%% %%hp% RE3$:?: A}ccAQHQH baF:5? |aFFJEU |aMFKJJ? d/T]T]9 RMMRMFMh| MMKFMRK MMFKKC KKF>? 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Environment: current issues: air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; inadequate supplies of potable water natural hazards: periodic droughts, floods; duststorms, sandstorms; earthquakes along the Western border international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iran People Population: 64,625,455 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 45% (female 14,113,933; male 14,995,015) 15-64 years: 51% (female 16,237,810; male 16,803,943) 65 years and over: 4% (female 1,197,869; male 1,276,885) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.29% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 34.85 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.85 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -5.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 54.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.97 years male: 65.77 years female: 68.22 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.93 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Iranian(s) adjective: Iranian Ethnic divisions: Persian 51%, Azerbaijani 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1% Religions: Shi'a Muslim 95%, Sunni Muslim 4%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 1% Languages: Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Baloch 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2% Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991) total population: 66% male: 74% female: 56% Labor force: 15.4 million by occupation: agriculture 33%, manufacturing 21% note: shortage of skilled labor (1988 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iran Government Names: conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran conventional short form: Iran local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran local short form: Iran Digraph: IR Type: theocratic republic Capital: Tehran Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Khavari (East Azerbaijan), Bakhtaran, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Kohkiluyeh va Buyer Ahmadi, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan note: there may be a new province named Ardabil formed from a part of Azarbayjan-e Khavari (East Azerbaijan) which may have been renamed Azarbayjan-e Markazi (Central Azerbaijan); the name Bakhtaran may have been changed to Kermanshahan Independence: 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed) National holiday: Islamic Republic Day, 1 April (1979) Constitution: 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership Legal system: the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government Suffrage: 15 years of age; universal Executive branch: supreme leader (rahbar) and functional chief of state: Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989) head of government: President Ali Akbar Hashemi-RAFSANJANI (since 3 August 1989); election last held June 1993 (next to be held June 1997); results - Ali Akbar Hashemi-RAFSANJANI was elected with 63% of the vote cabinet: Council of Ministers; selected by the president with legislative approval Legislative branch: unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami): elections last held 8 April 1992 (next to be held April 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (270 seats total) number of seats by party NA Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Political parties and leaders: there are at least 76 licensed parties; the three most important are - Tehran Militant Clergy Association, Mohammad Reza MAHDAVI-KANI; Militant Clerics Association, Mehdi MAHDAVI-KARUBI and Mohammad Asqar MUSAVI-KHOINIHA; Fedaiyin Islam Organization, Sadeq KHALKHALI Other political or pressure groups: groups that generally support the Islamic Republic include Hizballah, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution, Muslim Students Following the Line of the Imam; armed political groups that have been almost completely repressed by the government include Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK), People's Fedayeen, Kurdish Democratic Party; the Society for the Defense of Freedom Member of: CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy in Washington, DC chancery: Iranian Interests Section, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990 US diplomatic representation: protecting power in Iran is Switzerland Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah) in red is centered in the white band; Allah Alkbar (God is Great) in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iran Economy Overview: Iran's economy is a mixture of central planning, state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small-scale private trading and service ventures. Over the past several years, the government has introduced several measures to liberalize the economy and reduce government intervention, but most of these changes have moved slowly because of political opposition. Iran has faced increasingly severe financial difficulties since mid-1992 due to an import surge that began in 1989 and general financial mismanagement. At yearend 1993 the Iranian Government estimated that it owed foreign creditors about $30 billion; an estimated $8 billion of this debt was in arrears. At yearend 1994, Iran rescheduled $12 billion in debt. Earnings from oil exports - which provide 90% of Iran's export revenues - are providing less relief to Iran than usual because of reduced oil prices. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $310 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $4,720 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 35% (1994) Unemployment rate: over 30% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $16 billion (f.o.b., FY92/93 est.) commodities: petroleum 90%, carpets, fruits, nuts, hides partners: Japan, Italy, France, Netherlands, Belgium/Luxembourg, Spain, and Germany Imports: $18 billion (c.i.f., FY92/93 est.) commodities: machinery, military supplies, metal works, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, technical services, refined oil products partners: Germany, Japan, Italy, UK, UAE External debt: $30 billion (December 1993) Industrial production: growth rate 4.6% (1993 est.); accounts for almost 30% of GDP, including petroleum Electricity: capacity: 19,080,000 kW production: 50.8 billion kWh consumption per capita: 745 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other building materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabricating, armaments and military equipment THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iran Economy Agriculture: accounts for about 20% of GDP; principal products - wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton, dairy products, wool, caviar; not self-sufficient in food Illicit drugs: illicit producer of opium poppy for the domestic and international drug trade; produced 35-70 metric tons in 1993; net opiate importer but also a key transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.675 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $976 million note: aid fell sharply following the 1979 revolution Currency: 10 Iranian rials (IR) = 1 toman; note - domestic figures are generally referred to in terms of the toman Exchange rates: Iranian rials (IR) per US$1 - 1,749.04 (January 1995), 1,748.75 (1994), 1,267.77 (1993), 65.552 (1992), 67.505 (1991); black market rate: 3,000 rials per US$1 (December 1994) Fiscal year: 21 March - 20 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iran Transportation Railroads: total: 4,850 km; note - 480 km under construction from Bafq to Bandar-e 'Abbas; segment from Bafq to Sirjan has been completed and is operational; section from Sirjan to Bandar-e 'Abbas still under construction broad gauge: 90 km 1.676-m gauge narrow gauge: 4,760 km 1.432-m gauge Highways: total: 140,200 km paved: 42,694 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 46,866 km; improved earth 49,440 km; unimproved earth 1,200 km Inland waterways: 904 km; the Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 meters and is in use Pipelines: crude oil 5,900 km; petroleum products 3,900 km; natural gas 4,550 km Ports: Abadan (largely destroyed in fighting during 1980-88 war), Ahvaz, Bandar Beheshti, Bandar-e 'Abbas, Bandar-e Anzali, Bandar-e Bushehr, Bandar-e Khomeyni, Bandar-e Mah Shahr, Bandar-e Torkeman, Jazireh-ye Khark, Jazireh-ye Lavan, Jazireh-ye Sirri, Khorramshahr (limited operation since November 1992), Now Shahr Merchant marine: total: 132 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,816,820 GRT/6,991,693 DWT ships by type: bulk 48, cargo 38, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 2, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 26, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 8, short-sea passenger 1 Airports: total: 261 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 28 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 32 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 20 with paved runways under 914 m: 46 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 18 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 101 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iran Communications Telephone system: 2,143,000 telephones; 35 telephones/1,000 persons local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay extends throughout country; system centered in Tehran international: 3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations; HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Pakistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; submarine fiber optic cable to UAE Radio: broadcast stations: AM 77, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 28 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Iran Defense Forces Branches: Islamic Republic of Iran Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Revolutionary Guards (includes Basij militia with its ground, air, and naval forces), Law Enforcement Forces Manpower availability: males age 15-49 14,639,290; males fit for military service 8,703,732; males reach military age (21) annually 615,096 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: according to official Iranian data, Iran spent 1,785 billion rials, including $808 million in hard currency, in 1992 and budgeted 2,507 billion rials, including $850 million in hard currency, for 1993 note: conversion of rial expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results gIRAN - Passport and visa required. The United States does not maintain diplomatic or consular relations with Iran. Travel by U.S. citizens is not recommended. For visa information contact Embassy of Pakistan, Iranian Interests Section, 2209 Wisconsin Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/965-4990). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Iran ============================================================ Iran - Travel Warning October 4, 1995 The Department of State warns all U.S. citizens against travel to Iran, which remains dangerous because of the generally anti-American atmosphere and Iranian government hostility to the U.S. government. U.S. citizens traveling to Iran have been detained without charge, arrested, and harassed by Iranian authorities. Former Muslims who have converted to other religions, as well as persons who encourage Muslims to convert, are subject to arrest and possible execution. In addition, the Iranian government reportedly has the names of all individuals who filed claims against Iran at the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal at the Hague pursuant to the 1981 Algiers Accords. There are restrictions on both import and export of goods from Iran to the United States. The U.S. government does not currently have diplomatic or consular relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Swiss government, acting through its Embassy in Tehran, serves as the protecting power for U.S. interests in Iran, but the Iranian government is reluctant to permit the Swiss to provide protective services for American citizens whom they consider to be Iranian nationals by birth or naturalization. Neither U.S. passports nor visas to the U.S. are issued in Tehran. No. 95-032 This replaces the Department of State Travel Warning for Iran, issued August 31, 1993, to include the following information: That former Muslims who have converted to other religions, as well as those who encourage Muslims to convert, are subject to arrest and possible execution; that the Iranian government has names of individuals who filed claims against the government of Iran at the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal at the Hague; and that there are trade restrictions. Iran - Consular Information Sheet October 5, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns all U.S. citizens against travel to Iran, which remains dangerous because of the generally anti-American atmosphere and Iranian government hostility to the U.S. government. U.S. citizens traveling to Iran have been detained without charge, arrested, and harassed by Iranian authorities. Former Muslims who have converted to other religions, as well as persons who encourage Muslims to convert, are subject to arrest and possible execution. In addition, the Iranian government reportedly has the names of all individuals who filed claims against Iran at the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal at The Hague pursuant to the 1981 Algiers Accords. There are restrictions on both import and export of goods from Iran to the United States. The U.S. government does not currently have diplomatic or consular relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Swiss government, acting through its Embassy in Tehran, serves as the Protecting Power for U.S. Interests in Iran, but the Iranian Government is reluctant to permit the Swiss to provide protective services for American citizens whom they consider to be Iranian nationals by birth or naturalizations. Neither U.S. passports nor visas to the U.S. are issued in Tehran. For additional information see paragraphs on "Dual Citizenship" and "Embassy Location." Country Description: Iran is a constitutional Islamic Republic, governed by executive and legislative branches that derive national leadership primarily through the Muslim clergy. Shia Islam is the official religion of Iran, and Islamic law is the basis of the authority of the state. Islamic ideals and beliefs provide the conservative foundation of the country's customs, laws and practices. Iran is a developing country. The workweek in Iran is Saturday through Thursday; however, many of the government offices and private companies are closed on Thursdays. Friday is a public holiday for all establishments. Offices in Iran are open to the public generally during morning hours only. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. The Iranian Interests Section of the Embassy of Pakistan is located at 2209 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 965-4990. U.S. passports are valid for travel to Iran. However, U.S./Iranian dual nationals have often had their U.S. passports confiscated upon arrival and have been denied permission to depart Iran documented as U.S. citizens. To prevent the confiscation of U.S. passports, the Department of State suggests that dual nationals leave their U.S. passports at a U.S. embassy or consulate overseas for safekeeping before entering Iran. To facilitate their travel in the event of the confiscation of a U.S. passport, dual nationals may, prior to entering Iran, obtain in their Iranian passports the necessary visas for countries which they will transit on their return to the U.S., and where they may apply for a new U.S. passport. In case of having failed to obtain in advance the necessary visas for their return trip to the U.S., dual nationals can obtain a "Confirmation of Nationality" from the Embassy of Switzerland, U.S. Interests Section, addressed to the relevant embassies in Tehran, only after their U.S. nationality is confirmed to the said office - a procedure that would take some time which may delay their plans and deadlines for their return trip. The "Confirmation of Nationality" issued by the U.S. Interests Section in Tehran is meant to enable the dual nationals to apply for third country visas in Tehran. Dual nationals must enter and leave the United States on U.S. passports. Trade and Investment Restrictions: On May 6, 1995, President Clinton signed Executive Order 12959, 60 Federal Register 24757 (May 9, 1995), which prohibits exporting goods or services to Iran, reexporting certain goods to Iran, new investments in Iran or in property owned or controlled by the government of Iran and brokering or other transactions involving goods or services of Iranian origin or owned or controlled by the government of Iran. These restrictions have been added to those already contained in the Iranian Transactions Regulations, 31 CFR Part 560, which prohibited unauthorized importation of Iranian-origin goods or services into the United States, effective October 19, 1987. The Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of Treasury, provides guidance to the public on the interpretation of the order. For information regarding the issuance of licenses, contact the Licensing Division Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the Treasury at 202-622-2500. For information regarding banking and compliance, contact Compliance Programs Division at 202-622-2490. Medical Facilities: Basic medical care and medicines are available in the principal cities of Iran, but may not be available in outlying areas. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, tel. (404) 332-4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Major crime is generally not a problem for travelers in Iran, though foreigners occasionally have been victims of petty street crime. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the U.S. Interests Section or nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to The Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Criminal Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws and legal practices of the countries in which they travel. Fines, public floggings, and long prison terms are common. Former Muslims who have converted to other religions, as well as persons who encourage Muslims to convert, are subject to arrest and possible execution. Penalties in Iran for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict. Iran executes scores of persons each year on drug-related charges. U.S. citizens in Iran who violate Iranian laws, including laws which are unfamiliar to Westerners (such as laws regarding the proper wearing apparel), may face severe penalties. The Iranian government reportedly has obtained the names of all claimants who filed claims against Iran at the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal at The Hague pursuant to the 1981 Algiers Accords. In addition, the Iranian government reportedly has compiled a list of the claimants who were awarded compensation in the Iran Claims Program administered by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission. The Iranian government is allegedly targeting awardholders who travel to Iran. Upon the claimants' entry into Iran, Iranian authorities are questioning them as to the status of payment of their respective awards with a view to recouping the award money. It is also reported that the Iranian government has threatened to prevent claimants visiting in Iran from departing the country until they make arrangements to pay part or all of their award money to that government. Dual Citizenship: U.S. citizens who were born in Iran, who have become naturalized citizens of Iran, or who were at one time citizens of Iran, and the children of such persons, are considered Iranian nationals by Iranian authorities. Therefore, despite the fact that these individuals possess U.S. citizenship, they usually must enter and exit Iran bearing an Iranian passport. Exit visas are required for departure from Iran. Recently we have been advised that some former Iranian nationals have been issued visas in their U.S. passports. In addition, U.S./Iranian dual nationals are subject to Iranian laws which impose special obligations upon Iranian nationals, such as military service or taxes. Exit permits for departure from Iran for such persons may be denied until such obligations are met. For more specific information on Iranian passport and exit visa requirements, you should contact the Iranian Interests Section of the Embassy of Pakistan. Dual nationals often have their U.S. passports confiscated and may be denied permission to leave Iran, or encounter other problems with Iranian authorities. Measures which can be taken to facilitate travel, in the event a U.S. passport is confiscated, are discussed in the section called "Entry Requirements" of this Information Sheet. Specific questions on dual nationality may be directed to the Office of American Citizens Services, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, phone: (202) 647-7899. Embassy Location: There is no U.S. embassy or consulate in Iran. The U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Tehran is located at Argentine Square, Bucharest Ave., 17th Street, no. 5, Tehran. The local telephone numbers are (98-21) 87152 23/24 and 871 69 06. The work week is Sunday through Thursday. The U.S. Interests Section does not issue U.S. visas or accept visa applications. The limited consular services provided by the U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Tehran, Iran to U.S. citizens include: (a) registering U.S. citizens; (b) answering inquiries concerning the welfare and whereabouts of U.S. citizens in Iran; (c) rendering assistance in times of distress or physical danger; (d) providing U.S. citizens with passport applications and other citizenship forms for approval at the U.S. Embassy in Bern, Switzerland; (e) performing notarial services on the basis of accommodation; and (f) taking provisional custody of the personal effects of deceased U.S. citizens. No. 95-123 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 31, 1993 to update the Travel Warning, the section on entry Requirements, and the section on Drug Penalties (now called Criminal Penalties), and to delete the section on Areas of Instability. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Iran ============================================================ Iran - Travel Warning October 4, 1995 The Department of State warns all U.S. citizens against travel to Iran, which remains dangerous because of the generally anti-American atmosphere and Iranian government hostility to the U.S. government. U.S. citizens traveling to Iran have been detained without charge, arrested, and harassed by Iranian authorities. Former Muslims who have converted to other religions, as well as persons who encourage Muslims to convert, are subject to arrest and possible execution. In addition, the Iranian government reportedly has the names of all individuals who filed claims against Iran at the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal at the Hague pursuant to the 1981 Algiers Accords. There are restrictions on both import and export of goods from Iran to the United States. The U.S. government does not currently have diplomatic or consular relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Swiss government, acting through its Embassy in Tehran, serves as the protecting power for U.S. interests in Iran, but the Iranian government is reluctant to permit the Swiss to provide protective services for American citizens whom they consider to be Iranian nationals by birth or naturalization. Neither U.S. passports nor visas to the U.S. are issued in Tehran. No. 95-032 This replaces the Department of State Travel Warning for Iran, issued August 31, 1993, to include the following information: That former Muslims who have converted to other religions, as well as those who encourage Muslims to convert, are subject to arrest and possible execution; that the Iranian government has names of individuals who filed claims against the government of Iran at the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal at the Hague; and that there are trade restrictions. Iran - Consular Information Sheet October 5, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns all U.S. citizens against travel to Iran, which remains dangerous because of the generally anti-American atmosphere and Iranian government hostility to the U.S. government. U.S. citizens traveling to Iran have been detained without charge, arrested, and harassed by Iranian authorities. Former Muslims who have converted to other religions, as well as persons who encourage Muslims to convert, are subject to arrest and possible execution. In addition, the Iranian government reportedly has the names of all individuals who filed claims against Iran at the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal at The Hague pursuant to the 1981 Algiers Accords. There are restrictions on both import and export of goods from Iran to the United States. The U.S. government does not currently have diplomatic or consular relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Swiss government, acting through its Embassy in Tehran, serves as the Protecting Power for U.S. Interests in Iran, but the Iranian Government is reluctant to permit the Swiss to provide protective services for American citizens whom they consider to be Iranian nationals by birth or naturalizations. Neither U.S. passports nor visas to the U.S. are issued in Tehran. For additional information see paragraphs on "Dual Citizenship" and "Embassy Location." Country Description: Iran is a constitutional Islamic Republic, governed by executive and legislative branches that derive national leadership primarily through the Muslim clergy. Shia Islam is the official religion of Iran, and Islamic law is the basis of the authority of the state. Islamic ideals and beliefs provide the conservative foundation of the country's customs, laws and practices. Iran is a developing country. The workweek in Iran is Saturday through Thursday; however, many of the government offices and private companies are closed on Thursdays. Friday is a public holiday for all establishments. Offices in Iran are open to the public generally during morning hours only. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. The Iranian Interests Section of the Embassy of Pakistan is located at 2209 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 965-4990. U.S. passports are valid for travel to Iran. However, U.S./Iranian dual nationals have often had their U.S. passports confiscated upon arrival and have been denied permission to depart Iran documented as U.S. citizens. To prevent the confiscation of U.S. passports, the Department of State suggests that dual nationals leave their U.S. passports at a U.S. embassy or consulate overseas for safekeeping before entering Iran. To facilitate their travel in the event of the confiscation of a U.S. passport, dual nationals may, prior to entering Iran, obtain in their Iranian passports the necessary visas for countries which they will transit on their return to the U.S., and where they may apply for a new U.S. passport. In case of having failed to obtain in advance the necessary visas for their return trip to the U.S., dual nationals can obtain a "Confirmation of Nationality" from the Embassy of Switzerland, U.S. Interests Section, addressed to the relevant embassies in Tehran, only after their U.S. nationality is confirmed to the said office - a procedure that would take some time which may delay their plans and deadlines for their return trip. The "Confirmation of Nationality" issued by the U.S. Interests Section in Tehran is meant to enable the dual nationals to apply for third country visas in Tehran. Dual nationals must enter and leave the United States on U.S. passports. Trade and Investment Restrictions: On May 6, 1995, President Clinton signed Executive Order 12959, 60 Federal Register 24757 (May 9, 1995), which prohibits exporting goods or services to Iran, reexporting certain goods to Iran, new investments in Iran or in property owned or controlled by the government of Iran and brokering or other transactions involving goods or services of Iranian origin or owned or controlled by the government of Iran. These restrictions have been added to those already contained in the Iranian Transactions Regulations, 31 CFR Part 560, which prohibited unauthorized importation of Iranian-origin goods or services into the United States, effective October 19, 1987. The Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of Treasury, provides guidance to the public on the interpretation of the order. For information regarding the issuance of licenses, contact the Licensing Division Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the Treasury at 202-622-2500. For information regarding banking and compliance, contact Compliance Programs Division at 202-622-2490. Medical Facilities: Basic medical care and medicines are available in the principal cities of Iran, but may not be available in outlying areas. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, tel. (404) 332-4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Major crime is generally not a problem for travelers in Iran, though foreigners occasionally have been victims of petty street crime. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the U.S. Interests Section or nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to The Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Criminal Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws and legal practices of the countries in which they travel. Fines, public floggings, and long prison terms are common. Former Muslims who have converted to other religions, as well as persons who encourage Muslims to convert, are subject to arrest and possible execution. Penalties in Iran for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict. Iran executes scores of persons each year on drug-related charges. U.S. citizens in Iran who violate Iranian laws, including laws which are unfamiliar to Westerners (such as laws regarding the proper wearing apparel), may face severe penalties. The Iranian government reportedly has obtained the names of all claimants who filed claims against Iran at the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal at The Hague pursuant to the 1981 Algiers Accords. In addition, the Iranian government reportedly has compiled a list of the claimants who were awarded compensation in the Iran Claims Program administered by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission. The Iranian government is allegedly targeting awardholders who travel to Iran. Upon the claimants' entry into Iran, Iranian authorities are questioning them as to the status of payment of their respective awards with a view to recouping the award money. It is also reported that the Iranian government has threatened to prevent claimants visiting in Iran from departing the country until they make arrangements to pay part or all of their award money to that government. Dual Citizenship: U.S. citizens who were born in Iran, who have become naturalized citizens of Iran, or who were at one time citizens of Iran, and the children of such persons, are considered Iranian nationals by Iranian authorities. Therefore, despite the fact that these individuals possess U.S. citizenship, they usually must enter and exit Iran bearing an Iranian passport. Exit visas are required for departure from Iran. Recently we have been advised that some former Iranian nationals have been issued visas in their U.S. passports. In addition, U.S./Iranian dual nationals are subject to Iranian laws which impose special obligations upon Iranian nationals, such as military service or taxes. Exit permits for departure from Iran for such persons may be denied until such obligations are met. For more specific information on Iranian passport and exit visa requirements, you should contact the Iranian Interests Section of the Embassy of Pakistan. Dual nationals often have their U.S. passports confiscated and may be denied permission to leave Iran, or encounter other problems with Iranian authorities. Measures which can be taken to facilitate travel, in the event a U.S. passport is confiscated, are discussed in the section called "Entry Requirements" of this Information Sheet. Specific questions on dual nationality may be directed to the Office of American Citizens Services, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, phone: (202) 647-7899. Embassy Location: There is no U.S. embassy or consulate in Iran. The U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Tehran is located at Argentine Square, Bucharest Ave., 17th Street, no. 5, Tehran. The local telephone numbers are (98-21) 87152 23/24 and 871 69 06. The work week is Sunday through Thursday. The U.S. Interests Section does not issue U.S. visas or accept visa applications. The limited consular services provided by the U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Tehran, Iran to U.S. citizens include: (a) registering U.S. citizens; (b) answering inquiries concerning the welfare and whereabouts of U.S. citizens in Iran; (c) rendering assistance in times of distress or physical danger; (d) providing U.S. citizens with passport applications and other citizenship forms for approval at the U.S. Embassy in Bern, Switzerland; (e) performing notarial services on the basis of accommodation; and (f) taking provisional custody of the personal effects of deceased U.S. citizens. No. 95-123 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 31, 1993 to update the Travel Warning, the section on entry Requirements, and the section on Drug Penalties (now called Criminal Penalties), and to delete the section on Areas of Instability. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 R>CL> >R>>R LH>LHb x>>oL yy[y[yy oJQL[L yyLGy A[G > fSfSfSfSfS fSfSffSfSf SfSfSfSfSf SfSfSf vfJvJ "7 )" K'EE E I?;Il 4)M?;M? ??u;I 4\u.;;"I?l .;;"I" )I;l); I)?I;M"l ;.\"\ 4??IuI BSBB:SS 5v5BfSS w21 hE JSJSJJf JSJSJSJ &JSJSSB S&E2 o>H>>C zOYY] JfJ:5 Y]Y^]T &BSS& ,SJSSJ&JSS 5B:&& l4\uM lIu;?.4M ^YY^VYY 4"Il;4I.u4 OPYV]Y :SJS& KE-EhE .?I4M" \ll\llI BS|@: rk]\I IO]Yk \.??l; :&J:J )I?l;u"l POIMMOY 4"M"" 4)4?l.\ 4YOMIMO ]^Y]`O mY`YV YYV]YY`]Y] j`Y]YVY]VV /Dd+3sD 3+dD/ eV^]^Y ]VV]Y^YYm j]YV] YYV]mq YVV]m ^]]Yi]k qkj^VYY VY]Ymmz k]]k]^jz !s%((%(%(% %(%(%Dd 3s3Dd% (%(%(%(%(% (%(%%3a ^]VYV]YY^j z{]`m` sdssd ]YVYV^]^` Y]YV^O qkY^] ]V]Viq `YY]i] qkYY]i ze]ji`]k zqijmm k^^`^jm^ ikj`k i`]j`e i^]^i ]]i^`Ykkm rm^^mm ]i`^V]YY]Y `]`jki]V]k m^j]^]Y^Y] ^]Y]^]V^]] kj]^^] Y`j]]`jjim ]^Y]]Y]V]V ]j^]ie zj^Y^]^] ]^]i]kmiY^ Y]]V]^ VY]YY]]Y]e kk]YVY^^ YY]VY^]]^] zm^jmik i]VYVP]^Yi YOYVVYVVY] VVY]VYYVYV ^ikjmiYY] qjj`i]] ]]P]T kV]]ikV qi]]P]]^` ]]i]]VYV]] YY]]Y^ `]VYY]]mk] i]YVYY]]YY j`VVY] ]YV^YmkYY] V]^ViiYYVY ^]]V]]^^] ^YY]Y] ]YY]]^^]Y] ]V]YV] zrmk^^ ]`]]i]]Ykk qk^YY]Y qq]k]k ikj^mi `^]Y^kk^ u4"4.? eYmiV ]]mkmicz jrkj^Y ^Y]^`]`imq `]jV^V `^j^]YY]Y` VYY]^`k`]e rjj^k]] YY]VY]YYi] `]ijO B5JB ji^`V YVYVYYm] qj`i^Y^Y^ J::J, m`irjq II4;.?I?; )?"?.4.4 u\"\) ?M;lI?) ?\.I;) .IlM" H>C>b /++/++/+ (%+%((%((% d(++d SJSJS5 :SJ:S >CA!> (%+%(++(%+ +(%+(% 4Il;"I?l;. 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[ $A p ZR 88N88 .!,.1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1. --1-1 > >2:2:2:: :2::2:2 :2:>2 ;y:9 :2z>22 11y>:2: .::22 :2z>1x 2:2:: :2:29 --1:-: :2>2: 122:- -11-11 -11--1- xZiRiRi8 Ireland Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights IRELAND x8dot3 English (British) language 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland Geography Location: Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain Map references: Europe Area: total area: 70,280 sq km land area: 68,890 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than West Virginia Land boundaries: total 360 km, UK 360 km Coastline: 1,448 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: not specified exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: Northern Ireland question with the UK; Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area) Climate: temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time Terrain: mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast Natural resources: zinc, lead, natural gas, petroleum, barite, copper, gypsum, limestone, dolomite, peat, silver Land use: arable land: 14% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 71% forest and woodland: 5% other: 10% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff natural hazards: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland Geography international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation Note: strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 60 miles of Dublin THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland People Population: 3,550,448 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 24% (female 415,640; male 440,468) 15-64 years: 64% (female 1,125,638; male 1,155,823) 65 years and over: 12% (female 237,098; male 175,781) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.33% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 14.04 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.99 years male: 73.15 years female: 79 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.95 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Irishman(men), Irishwoman(men), Irish (collective plural) adjective: Irish Ethnic divisions: Celtic, English Religions: Roman Catholic 93%, Anglican 3%, none 1%, unknown 2%, other 1% (1981) Languages: Irish (Gaelic), spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard, English is the language generally used Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1981 est.) total population: 98% Labor force: 1.37 million by occupation: services 57.0%, manufacturing and construction 28%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 13.5%, energy and mining 1.5% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ireland Digraph: EI Type: republic Capital: Dublin Administrative divisions: 26 counties; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow Independence: 6 December 1921 (from UK) National holiday: Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March Constitution: 29 December 1937; adopted 1 July 1937 by plebescite Legal system: based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990); election last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held November 1997); results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2% head of government: Prime Minister John BRUTON (since 15 December 1994) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by president with previous nomination of the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Oireachtas) Senate (Seanad Eireann): elections last held NA February 1992 (next to be held NA February 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total, 49 elected) Fianna Fail 26, Fine Gael 16, Labor 9, Progressive Democrats 2, Democratic Left 1, independents 6 House of Representatives (Dail Eireann): elections last held on 25 November 1992 (next to be held by November 1997); results - Fianna Fail 39.1%, Fine Gael 24.5%, Labor Party 19.3%, Progressive Democrats 4.7%, Democratic Left 2.8%, Sinn Fein 1.6%, Workers' Party 0.7%, independents 5.9%; seats - (166 total) Fianna Fail 68, Fine Gael 45, Labor Party 33, Progressive Democrats 10 Democratic Left 4, Greens 1, independents 5 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Democratic Left, Proinsias DE ROSSA; Fianna Fail, Bertie AHERN; Labor Party, Richard SPRING; Fine Gael, John BRUTON; Communist Party of Ireland, Michael O'RIORDAN; Sinn Fein, Gerry ADAMS; Progressive Democrats, Desmond O'MALLEY; The Workers' Party, Marion DONNELLY; Green Alliance, Bronwen MAHER THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland Government note: Prime Minister BRUTON heads a three-party coalition consisting of the Fine Gael, the Labor Party, and the Democratic Left Member of: Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NEA, NSG, OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Dermot A. GALLAGHER chancery: 2234 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 462-3939 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, New York, and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Jean Kennedy SMITH embassy: 42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [353] (1) 6687122 FAX: [353] (1) 6689946 Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green (hoist side), white, and red THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland Economy Overview: The economy is small and trade dependent. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry, which accounts for 37% of GDP, about 80% of exports, and employs 28% of the labor force. Although exports remain the primary engine for Ireland's robust growth, the economy is also benefiting from a rise in consumer spending and recovery in both construction and business investment. Ireland has substantially reduced its external debt since 1987, to 40% of GDP in 1994. Over the same period, inflation has fallen sharply and chronic trade deficits have been transformed into annual surpluses. Unemployment remains a serious problem, however, and job creation is the main focus of government policy. To ease unemployment, Dublin aggressively courts foreign investors and recently created a new industrial development agency to aid small indigenous firms. Government assistance is constrained by Dublin's continuing deficit reduction measures. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $49.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $14,060 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.7% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 16% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $16 billion expenditures: $16.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994) Exports: $28 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: chemicals, data processing equipment, industrial machinery, live animals, animal products partners: EU 75% (UK 32%, Germany 13%, France 10%), US 9% Imports: $26 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: food, animal feed, data processing equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, machinery, textiles, clothing partners: EU 66% (UK 41%, Germany 8%, France 4%), US 15% External debt: $20 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 8.5% (1994 est.); accounts for 37% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 3,930,000 kW production: 14.9 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,938 kWh (1993) Industries: food products, brewing, textiles, clothing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, machinery, transportation equipment, glass and crystal THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland Economy Agriculture: accounts for 10% of GDP; principal crops - turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; livestock - meat and dairy products; 85% self-sufficient in food; food shortages include bread grain, fruits, vegetables Illicit drugs: transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands Economic aid: donor: ODA commitments (1980-89), $90 million Currency: 1 Irish pound (#Ir) = 100 pence Exchange rates: Irish pounds (#Ir) per US$1 - 0.6420 (January 1995), 0.6676 (1994), 0.6816 (1993), 0.5864 (1992), 0.6190 (1991), 0.6030 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland Transportation Railroads: total: 1,947 km broad gauge: 1,947 km 1.600-m gauge (36 km electrified; 485 km double track) Highways: total: 92,327 km paved: 86,787 km (32 km of expressways) unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 5,540 km (1992) Inland waterways: limited for commercial traffic Pipelines: natural gas 225 km Ports: Arklow, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Foynes, Galway, Limerick, New Ross, Waterford Merchant marine: total: 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 129,996 GRT/160,419 DWT ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 33, chemical tanker 2, container 2, oil tanker 1, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2 Airports: total: 44 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 32 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland Communications Telephone system: 900,000 telephones; modern digital system using cable and microwave radio relay local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 45, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 86 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Ireland Defense Forces Branches: Army (includes Naval Service and Air Corps), National Police (Garda Siochana) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 926,831; males fit for military service 749,646; males reach military age (17) annually 34,215 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $500 million, 1.3% of GDP (1994) IRELAND - Passport required. Tourists are not required to obtain visas for stays under 90 days, but may be asked to show onward/return ticket. For further information consult Embassy of Ireland, 2234 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/462-3939) or nearest Consulate General: CA (415/392-4214), IL (312/337-1868), MA (617/267-9330) or NY (212/319-2555). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Ireland ============================================================ Ireland - Consular Information Sheet October 20, 1995 Country Description: Ireland is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information concerning entry requirements for Ireland, travelers can contact the Embassy of Ireland at 2234 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 462-3939, or the nearest Irish Consulate General in Boston, Chicago, New York or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical air evacuation, has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404)332-4559. Crime Information: Ireland has a low rate of violent crime. There is a high incidence of petty crime, mostly theft, burglary, and purse-snatching. Rental cars and tourists, particularly in the vicinity of tourist attractions, are targeted by thieves. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a trouble-free trip. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Terrorist Activities: Since the cease-fire took effect in August of 1994, terrorist incidents in Northern Ireland have all but ceased, and the danger of acts of violence spilling over into the Republic of Ireland decreased accordingly. The police and military security profile in the border areas has also decreased. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security in Ireland. Travelers to Northern Ireland may consult the Consular Information Sheet for the United Kingdom. The U.S. Embassy in Dublin is located at 42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Telephone (353-1) 668-7122, fax (353-1) 668-9946. The Consular section is located across the street from the U.S. Embassy in Hume House, 3rd Floor, Pembroke Road, Ballsbridge. No. 95-134 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 20, 1994 to update the decreased threat of terrorist activities. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Ireland ============================================================ Ireland - Consular Information Sheet October 20, 1995 Country Description: Ireland is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information concerning entry requirements for Ireland, travelers can contact the Embassy of Ireland at 2234 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 462-3939, or the nearest Irish Consulate General in Boston, Chicago, New York or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical air evacuation, has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404)332-4559. Crime Information: Ireland has a low rate of violent crime. There is a high incidence of petty crime, mostly theft, burglary, and purse-snatching. Rental cars and tourists, particularly in the vicinity of tourist attractions, are targeted by thieves. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a trouble-free trip. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Terrorist Activities: Since the cease-fire took effect in August of 1994, terrorist incidents in Northern Ireland have all but ceased, and the danger of acts of violence spilling over into the Republic of Ireland decreased accordingly. The police and military security profile in the border areas has also decreased. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security in Ireland. Travelers to Northern Ireland may consult the Consular Information Sheet for the United Kingdom. The U.S. Embassy in Dublin is located at 42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Telephone (353-1) 668-7122, fax (353-1) 668-9946. The Consular section is located across the street from the U.S. Embassy in Hume House, 3rd Floor, Pembroke Road, Ballsbridge. No. 95-134 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 20, 1994 to update the decreased threat of terrorist activities. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_1 photo_2 photo_3 ZTTZT 1MfWW@ @1ww+M ICC}9 |b{CC !*!-x TrT"C xZCCI .%Ge< ICCICI!C IdCTTCTCZ!C {}o C ZTI'C AXmAX yTdCk zTCI ZCTZ=C zTICk]' =33** ITCCITI XmAmb 8`pS?S8p ddZCr M@+w@ W:fwwW TTC{9 dTZIC f1wwW Ax0XAH 8$?$?8 p?F`? ?$$p$S )0"0X $`S$$8 ")"H"XX"0X H09x9 $SFSFS FSSFSFS `$8p$p($? 09Hm9A9 H9)HXXmb ?8?`8 p8v$Sp TCC}9 tYDth hVhtV 464CTTr ITCC}d DYVDV scc^N ZCIICIZ CruvIa d}I}= dIrTZT TCZo! 9}ZIrA TITII ICIICCIC CICCIICCI} 1M1Hf ITCCZkCk %|r$C MfWw1 +wMf: Io]TCCZo }dCC~* TdTCCZ dTCZICTkTI UrCCZ }kCrZCkkTI kCZZT8C 9}~ ZozICQ kIdId ZIIZZTCk =}C}R CdTCZdTZZ CCTdCTdICT *odo% UkCCI@C }TIZC .l~>C ITQZTQZTQZ TQZTQZTQZT QZTQZTQZTQ ZTQZTQZTQZ TTISC thhthhthht tN;;FC t#5&#&,, &##&,&&, &#&,&,,&&, &#&#&#,7;IGC V,;IIC dA]ZCC #7;IKC &7;IMC &7;IPC &/;IRC //,/,, 5,/D,,/ 7,,/,,/,,/ &7;IUC &7;ITC ,DtY,/;IOC ;5,&,&, ,&,//;INC ;/5/5 CCTCk C(>NC ICZIk CrCTTCZTTd kdkdZr kTdZTkdTrT rCkZTk CrZTrkk dCCIr ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; e88eRe88I8 AX=T=T =T=T=T=T=T =T=T=T=T=T =T=T=T=T=T =T=T=T=T=T =T=T=T=T=T =T=T=T=T=T =T=T`. rbrbr A'=T=T `O`O` `O`O`O `O`O`O` `O`0O= 1--11-1 11-1,1 1,-0- y11-1 -1yy- 1y1,- -11-11 11y11- 11-11-,1-- --1-1y1y -,1yy1- 11-1-1 -1-1y1- 1,-1- 11y11- --1,11 -1y1- 1-,1--1-- 1y1y- -1-110-1y1 --1-1y1y11 -y1-11 11yy1 ,-1-11 -1-1-y-11- --1yy1y1 y11-11-- -1--y -1-11-1-1 1yy1y1- 1--1-1 -1y1-1--1 -1--1- -1yy,0-- ,1-,- -,1yy 1--11-- -11-11 $1y-y-,-,- 10,10 101011y ,-11yy- -1-1- 1-0-y,-101 0u011 -1-1,1 011010 11y11- --11-, 911-11 11-1- 11-11- --1-- 1--1-11 11-11- 11--1-1- 1-11- 11-11- 1--1-- --1-1- 11-1-1 Israel Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ISRAEL x8dot3 Hebrew language @ THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Header Affiliation: (also see separate Gaza Strip and West Bank entries) Note: The territories occupied by Israel since the 1967 war are not included in the data below. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations are being conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives, Syria, and Jordan to determine the final status of the occupied territories. On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace treaty. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Geography Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon Map references: Middle East Area: total area: 20,770 sq km land area: 20,330 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than New Jersey Land boundaries: total 1,006 km, Egypt 255 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km Coastline: 273 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: to depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: separated from Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank by the 1949 Armistice Line; the Gaza Strip and Jericho area, formerly occupied by Israel, are now administered largely by the Palestinian Authority; other areas of the West Bank outside Jericho are administered jointly by Israel and the Palestinian Authority; Golan Heights is Israeli occupied; Israeli troops in southern Lebanon since June 1982 Climate: temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas Terrain: Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley Natural resources: copper, phosphates, bromide, potash, clay, sand, sulfur, asphalt, manganese, small amounts of natural gas and crude oil Land use: arable land: 17% permanent crops: 5% meadows and pastures: 40% forest and woodland: 6% other: 32% Irrigated land: 2,140 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: limited arable land and natural fresh water resources pose serious constraints; desertification; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides natural hazards: sandstorms may occur during spring and summer THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation Note: there are 199 Jewish settlements and civilian land use sites in the West Bank, 42 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 24 in the Gaza Strip, and 25 in East Jerusalem (August 1994 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel People Population: 5,433,134 (July 1995 est.) note: includes 122,000 Jewish settlers in the West Bank, 14,500 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 4,800 in the Gaza Strip, and 149,000 in East Jerusalem (August 1994 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 29% 15-64 years: 61% 65 years and over: 10% Population growth rate: 1.4% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 20.39 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.38 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.14 years male: 76 years female: 80.39 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.81 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Israeli(s) adjective: Israeli Ethnic divisions: Jewish 82% (Israel born 50%, Europe/Americas/Oceania born 20%, Africa born 7%, Asia born 5%), non-Jewish 18% (mostly Arab) (1993 est.) Religions: Judaism 82%, Islam 14% (mostly Sunni Muslim), Christian 2%, Druze and other 2% Languages: Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1992) total population: 95% male: 97% female: 93% Labor force: 1.9 million (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel People by occupation: public services 29.3%, industry 22.1%, commerce 13.9%, finance and business 10.4%, personal and other services 7.4%, construction 6.5%, transport, storage, and communications 6.3%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.5%, other 0.6% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Government Names: conventional long form: State of Israel conventional short form: Israel local long form: Medinat Yisra'el local short form: Yisra'el Digraph: IS Type: republic Capital: Jerusalem note: Israel proclaimed Jerusalem its capital in 1950, but the US, like nearly all other countries, does not recognize this status, and maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv Administrative divisions: 6 districts (mehozot, singular - mehoz); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv Independence: 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration) National holiday: Independence Day, 14 May 1948 (Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May) Constitution: no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law Legal system: mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Ezer WEIZMAN (since 13 May 1993) election last held 24 March 1993 (next to be held NA March 1999); results - Ezer WEIZMAN elected by Knesset head of government: Prime Minister Yitzhak RABIN (since NA July 1992) cabinet: Cabinet; selected from and approved by the Knesset Legislative branch: unicameral parliament (Knesset): elections last held NA June 1992 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) Labor 44, Likud 32, MERETZ 12, Tzomet 8, National Religious Party 6, SHAS 6, United Torah Jewry 4, Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash) 3, Moledet 3, Arab Democratic Party 2; note - in 1994 four legislators broke party ranks, resulting in the following new distribution of seats - Labor Party 44, Likud bloc 32, MERETZ 12, National Religious Party 6, SHAS 6, Tzomet 5, United Torah Jewry 4, Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash) 3, Moledet 2, Arab Democratic Party 2, independents 4 (1 in coalition, 3 voting with opposition) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Government Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: members of the government: Labor Party, Prime Minister Yitzhak RABIN; MERETZ, Minister of Communications Shulamit ALONI; independent, Gonen SEGEV not in coalition, but voting with the government: Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash), Hashim MAHAMID; Arab Democratic Party, Abd al Wahab DARAWSHAH opposition parties: Likud Party, Binyamin NETANYAHU; Tzomet, Rafael EITAN; National Religious Party, Zevulun HAMMER; United Torah Jewry, Avraham SHAPIRA; Moledet, Rehavam ZEEVI; Peace Guard (independent), Shaul GUTMAN; SHAS, Arieh DERI note: Israel currently has a coalition government comprising 2 parties and an independent that hold 57 seats of the Knesset's 120 seats Other political or pressure groups: Gush Emunim, Israeli nationalists advocating Jewish settlement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip; Peace Now supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and is critical of government's Lebanon policy Member of: AG (observer), CCC, CE (observer), CERN (observer), EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, OAS (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Itamar RABINOVICH chancery: 3514 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 364-5500 FAX: [1] (202) 364-5610 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Martin INDYK embassy: 71 Hayarkon Street, Tel Aviv mailing address: PSC 98, Box 100, Tel Aviv; APO AE 09830 telephone: [972] (3) 517-4338 FAX: [972] (3) 663-449 consulate(s) general: Jerusalem Flag: white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Economy Overview: Israel has a market economy with substantial government participation. It depends on imports of crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Despite limited natural resources, Israel has intensively developed its agricultural and industrial sectors over the past 20 years. Industry employs about 22% of Israeli workers, construction 6.5%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.5%, and services most of the rest. Israel is largely self-sufficient in food production except for grains. Diamonds, high-technology equipment, and agricultural products (fruits and vegetables) are leading exports. Israel usually posts current account deficits, which are covered by large transfer payments from abroad and by foreign loans. Roughly half of the government's external debt is owed to the United States, which is its major source of economic and military aid. To earn needed foreign exchange, Israel has been targeting high-technology niches in international markets, such as medical scanning equipment. The influx of Jewish immigrants from the former USSR, which topped 450,000 during the period 1990-94, increased unemployment, intensified housing problems, and strained the government budget. At the same time, the immigrants bring to the economy valuable scientific and professional expertise. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $70.1 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 6.8% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $13,880 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 14.5% (1994) Unemployment rate: 7.5% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $42.3 billion expenditures: $45.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $11.1 billion (FY92/93) Exports: $16.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment, cut diamonds, chemicals, textiles and apparel, agricultural products, metals partners: US, EU, Japan Imports: $22.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, oil, other productive inputs, consumer goods partners: EU, US, Japan External debt: $25.9 billion (November 1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 8% (1994 est.); accounts for about 30% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 4,140,000 kW production: 23 billion kWh THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Economy consumption per capita: 4,290 kWh (1993) Industries: food processing, diamond cutting and polishing, textiles and apparel, chemicals, metal products, military equipment, transport equipment, electrical equipment, miscellaneous machinery, potash mining, high-technology electronics, tourism Agriculture: citrus and other fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, poultry, dairy products Illicit drugs: increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse and trafficking Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $18.2 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.8 billion Currency: 1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot Exchange rates: new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 3.070 (December 1994), 3.0111 (1994), 2.8301 (1993), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990), 1.9164 (1989) Fiscal year: calendar year (since 1 January 1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Transportation Railroads: total: 520 km (diesel operated; single track) standard gauge: 520 km 1.435-m gauge Highways: total: 13,461 km paved: 13,461 km Pipelines: crude oil 708 km; petroleum products 290 km; natural gas 89 km Ports: Ashdod, Ashqelon, Elat, Hadera, Haifa, Tel Aviv-Yafo Merchant marine: total: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 624,861 GRT/720,765 DWT ships by type: cargo 7, container 22, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 Airports: total: 57 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7 with paved runways under 914 m: 31 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Communications Telephone system: 1,800,000 telephones; most highly developed in the Middle East although not the largest local: NA intercity: good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay international: 3 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 45, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 20 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Israel Defense Forces Branches: Israel Defense Forces (includes ground, naval, and air components), Pioneer Fighting Youth (Nahal), Frontier Guard, Chen (women); note - historically there have been no separate Israeli military services Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,309,502; females age 15-49 1,283,923; males fit for military service 1,072,501; females fit for military service 1,047,575; males reach military age (18) annually 47,950; females reach military age (18) annually 45,839 (1995 est.) note: military service mandatory for men and women Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $6.5 billion, about 10% of GDP (1995) Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad photo_3 photo_5 photo_1 photo_2 photo_4 ++X_+X L_pXCC +!X_X 3CC__pLCC +!X_XX_9+ !CXXCC HHlP@ !3+)3 HHl]@ !_C99 MHVTA __C_9p 9pp_+ ]{Ngg1 X_9XXLp 3p_zz +XX9C !!X9L!_3 _8`5A pX9+_9X! pzLzpC TT0q&y66 OT60T L9p3zX9 T60h0 00600T6!Ob Q\\fyy \Q\fhh Lz_9C aaHMl LLX_p &bT\b6O k[[?K ff\\ffh &q?\0Q6 O&O0& h\OOQffh &b0yq&6 xb00T 2727272727 )72727 2727272727 27>.v# HVrAsBH 9_CL9 !!3_X EjE4ESE [HHlL8 ++!C_!$ ,{;YgB +XX_3 C_XX+ 9__X! 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B3B B3 A B B3y3B B3 3y3B 3 3A3 B B B3 e B ?Z?Z?Z ^Z?Z^Z 6 nZ3 BZE?Z ?ZAW+ A B?BB ?XReBA^e [R^A^A[RR 3B3A3B3B A 3A3B3 A3A3B3A3B 3A3B3 A3B3B A3A3 3B3A3B3 3B3B A 3A A A3A3B 3B A^A A 3B3A3B3A3 A3A 3B3A3 3B A A A A A3A3B3B A +%+%+ +%+%+ +%+%+ +%+%+ 9--1-y y--1y- x1-11-- 22:2:2::2: .2:2>. :2:2:2::2: 11-z0-y 11y11 :2z2: 2y:2:2: 1-yy1 1,11- --11--1 --1-1 _ _ _ 11--1 %11-1 1-11- -1-1-1 --119 0-$y1 -1y1x 199y9 11--1- y-11, 11011 y00y0y1y11 y1y11 1-1--11 1yy1y11yy1 y1y1y1yy 1-1-1 1--1yy $01y11y y1001101 1-yy1 yy01y yy1yy 11yy10y1x y1x11x y1y1y1 y1y11 yy1yy1 0y110 >2:2:2 2: 91 Italy Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ITALY x8dot3 Italian language /C/C THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Geography Location: Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia Map references: Europe Area: total area: 301,230 sq km land area: 294,020 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Arizona note: includes Sardinia and Sicily Land boundaries: total 1,899.2 km, Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 199 km, Switzerland 740 km Coastline: 4,996 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south Terrain: mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands Natural resources: mercury, potash, marble, sulfur, dwindling natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, coal Land use: arable land: 32% permanent crops: 10% meadows and pastures: 17% forest and woodland: 22% other: 19% Irrigated land: 31,000 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities natural hazards: regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Geography international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification Note: strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy People Population: 58,261,971 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 15% (female 4,352,325; male 4,603,083) 15-64 years: 68% (female 19,969,086; male 19,874,528) 65 years and over: 17% (female 5,630,747; male 3,832,202) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.21% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 10.89 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.78 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.85 years male: 74.67 years female: 81.23 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.41 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Italian(s) adjective: Italian Ethnic divisions: Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians and Greek-Italians in the south), Sicilians, Sardinians Religions: Roman Catholic 98%, other 2% Languages: Italian, German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 97% male: 98% female: 96% Labor force: 23.988 million by occupation: services 58%, industry 32.2%, agriculture 9.8% (1988) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Government Names: conventional long form: Italian Republic conventional short form: Italy local long form: Repubblica Italiana local short form: Italia former: Kingdom of Italy Digraph: IT Type: republic Capital: Rome Administrative divisions: 20 regions (regioni, singular - regione); Abruzzi, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sardegna, Sicilia, Toscana, Trentino-Alto Adige, Umbria, Valle d'Aosta, Veneto Independence: 17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed) National holiday: Anniversary of the Republic, 2 June (1946) Constitution: 1 January 1948 Legal system: based on civil law system, with ecclesiastical law influence; appeals treated as trials de novo; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25) Executive branch: chief of state: President Oscar Luigi SCALFARO (since 28 May 1992) head of government: Prime Minister (referred to in Italy as the President of the Council of Ministers) Lamberto DINI (since 1 February 1995) cabinet: Council of Ministers; nominated by the President of the Council (i.e., Prime Minister) and approved by the President of the Republic Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlamento) Senate (Senato della Repubblica): elections last held 27-28 March 1994 (next must be held by spring 1999, but may be held by end of 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (326 total, 315 elected, 11 appointed senators-for-life) PDS 61, Northern League 60, National Alliance 48, Forza Italia 36, Italian Popular Party 31, Communist Refoundation 18, Greens and The Network 13, Italian Socialists 13, Christian Democratic Center 12, Democratic Alliance 8, Christian Socialists 5, Pact for Italy 4, Radical Party (Pannella List) 1, others 5 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Government Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati): elections last held 27-28 March 1994 (next must be held by spring 1999, but may be held by end of 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (630 total) Northern League 117, PDS 114, Forza Italia 113, National Alliance 109, Communist Refoundation 39, Christian Democratic Center 33, Italian Popular Party 33, Greens and The Network 20, Democratic Alliance 18, Italian Socialists 16, Pact for Italy 13, Christian Socialists 5 Judicial branch: Constitutional Court (Corte Costituzionale) Political parties and leaders: Forza Italia (FI), Silvio BERLUSCONI; National Alliance, Gianfranco FINI, party secretary; Northern League - Federal Italy (NL), Umberto BOSSI, president; Italian Social Movement, Pino RAUTI; Democratic Party of the Left (PDS, Massimo D'ALEMA, secretary; Communist Refoundation (RC), Fausto BERTINOTTI; Greens, Gianni MATTIOLI; Italian Socialists, Ottaviano DELTURCO; Rete (The Network), Leoluca ORLANDO; Christian Socialists, Ermanno GORRIERI; Pact for Italy, Mario SEGNI; Italian Popular Party (PPI), Rocco BUTTIGLIONE, Gerardo BIANCO; Christian Democratic Center (CCD), Pier Ferdinando CASINI; Union of the Democratic Center (UDC), Raffaele COSTA; Pannella List, Marco PANNELLA Other political or pressure groups: the Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union confederations (Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL which is PDS-dominated, Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL which is centerist, and Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL which is center-left); Italian manufacturers and merchants associations (Confindustria, Confcommercio); organized farm groups (Confcoltivatori, Confagricoltura) Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, FAO, G- 7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNOMOZ, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Boris BIANCHERI-CHIAPPORI chancery: 1601 Fuller Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 328-5500 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco consulate(s): Detroit and New Orleans US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Reginald BARTHOLOMEW embassy: Via Veneto 119/A, 00187-Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 100, Rome; APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (6) 46741 FAX: [39] (6) 4882672 consulate(s) general: Florence, Milan, Naples THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Government Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Economy Overview: Since World War II the Italian economy has changed from one based on agriculture into a ranking industrial economy, with approximately the same total and per capita output as France and the UK. The country is still divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and an undeveloped agricultural south, dominated by large public enterprises. Services account for 48% of GDP, industry 35%, agriculture 4%, and public administration 13%. Most raw materials needed by industry and over 75% of energy requirements must be imported. After growing at an average annual rate of 3% in 1983-90, growth slowed to about 1% in 1991 and 1992, fell by 0.7% in 1993, and recovered to 2% in 1994. In the second half of 1992, Rome became unsettled by the prospect of not qualifying to participate in EU plans for economic and monetary union later in the decade; thus it finally began to address its huge fiscal imbalances. Subsequently, the government has adopted fairly stringent budgets, abandoned its highly inflationary wage indexation system, and started to scale back its extremely generous social welfare programs, including pension and health care benefits. Monetary officials were forced to withdraw the lira from the European monetary system in September 1992 when it came under extreme pressure in currency markets. For the 1990s, Italy faces the problems of pushing ahead with fiscal reform, refurbishing a tottering communications system, curbing pollution in major industrial centers, and adjusting to the new competitive forces accompanying the ongoing expansion and economic integration of the European Union. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $998.9 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $17,180 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.9% (1994) Unemployment rate: 12.2% (January 1995) Budget: revenues: $339 billion expenditures: $431 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $190.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: metals, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transportation equipment, chemicals, other partners: EU 53.4%, US 7.8%, OPEC 3.8% (1994) Imports: $168.7 billion (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: industrial machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, petroleum, metals, food, agricultural products partners: EU 56.3%, OPEC 5.3%, US 4.6% (1994) External debt: $67 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 4.3% (1994 est.); accounts for 35% of GDP THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Economy Electricity: capacity: 61,630,000 kW production: 209 billion kWh consumption per capita: 4,033 kWh (1993) Industries: machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics Agriculture: accounts for about 4% of GDP; self-sufficient in foods other than meat, dairy products, and cereals; principal crops - fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; fish catch of 525,000 metric tons in 1990 Illicit drugs: important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $25.9 billion Currency: 1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi Exchange rates: Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,609.5 (January 1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Transportation Railroads: total: 19,503 km standard gauge: 18,230 km 1.435-m gauge (10,499 km electrified; 2,112 km privately owned) narrow gauge: 1,273 km 0.950-m to 1.000-m gauge (224 km electrified; 1,273 km privately owned) Highways: total: 305,388 km paved: 277,388 km (6,940 km of expressways) unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 23,000 km; earth 5,000 km (1992) Inland waterways: 2,400 km for various types of commercial traffic, although of limited overall value Pipelines: crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; natural gas 19,400 km Ports: Ancona, Augusta, Bari, Cagliari (Sardinia), Catania, Gaeta, Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Naples, Oristano (Sardinia), Palermo (Sicily), Piombino, Porto Torres (Sardinia), Ravenna, Savona, Trieste, Venice Merchant marine: total: 441 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,767,969 GRT/8,547,221 DWT ships by type: bulk 40, cargo 62, chemical tanker 34, combination ore/oil 3, container 18, liquefied gas tanker 37, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 136, passenger 7, roll-on/roll-off cargo 54, short-sea passenger 30, specialized tanker 11, vehicle carrier 8 Airports: total: 138 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 34 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 26 with paved runways under 914 m: 34 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 22 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Communications Telephone system: 25,600,000 telephones; modern, well-developed, fast; fully automated telephone, telex, and data services local: NA intercity: high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks international: international service by 21 submarine cables, 3 satellite earth stations operating in INTELSAT with 3 Atlantic Ocean antennas and 2 Indian Ocean antennas; also participates in INMARSAT and EUTELSAT systems Radio: broadcast stations: AM 135, FM 28 (repeaters 1,840), shortwave 0 radios: 16 million Television: broadcast stations: 83 (repeaters 1,000) televisions: 18 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Italy Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri Manpower availability: males age 15-49 14,934,657; males fit for military service 12,962,594; males reach military age (18) annually 382,142 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $21.5 billion, 2% of GDP (1994) j!j!ITALY - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist stay up to 3 months. For longer stays, employment or study, obtain visa in advance. For additional information consult Embassy of Italy, 1601 Fuller St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/328-5500) or nearest Consulate General: CA (310/820-0622 or 415/931-4924), FL (305/374-6322), IL (312/467-1550), LA (504/524-2272), MA (617/542-0483/4), MI (313/963-8560), NJ (201/643-1448), NY (212/737-9100), PA (215/592-7329) or TX (713/850-7520). Italy - Consular Information Sheet October 24, 1994 Country Description: Italy is a developed democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is required to work or study in Italy, but not for business or tourist stays of up to three months. For further information concerning entry requirements for Italy, travelers can contact the Embassy of Italy at 1601 Fuller Street, NW, Washington, DC 20009, telephone: (202) 328-5500, or the Italian Consulates General in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Italy are adequate for most emergencies. Many hospitals in major cities have at least some personnel who speak English. Public hospitals sometimes do not maintain the same standards as hospitals in the U.S., so travellers may wish to obtain insurance that would cover a stay in a private Italian hospital or clinic. In public hospitals, patients are billed sometime after discharge. Private hospitals usually require cash payment before discharge; neither credit cards nor foreign medical coverage is generally accepted. Travelers may wish to purchase supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline on (404) 332- 4559. Crime Information: Italy has a very low rate of violent crime, little of which is directed toward tourists. Petty crimes such as pickpocketing, theft from parked cars, and purse snatching, however, are serious problems, especially in large cities. Most reported thefts occur at crowded tourist sites, on public buses, or at the major railway stations, including Rome's Termini, Milan's Centrale, Florence's Santa Maria Novella, and the Centrale in Naples. Consular officers report cases of elderly tourists who sought to resist petty thieves on motor scooters and have suffered broken arms and collarbones. Carrying wallets or purses should be avoided when possible. When carried, shoulder bags should be held tightly under the arm with the clasp facing the body. Waist packs may be worn in the front, although they can unobtrusively be opened. Extra cash, credit cards and personal documents are better left in a hotel safe. Travelers should only carry what cash or checks are necessary. Copies of passports and financial documents should be carried separately from those items. Thieves in Italy often work in groups or pairs. In most cases, one thief distracts a victim while an accomplice performs the robbery. Groups of street urchins are known to poke tourists with newspapers or pieces of cardboard to divert their attention so that another urchin can pickpocket them. In one popular routine, one thief throws trash or waste at a victim; a second thief assists the victim in cleaning up the mess; and the third discreetly takes the victim's belongings. Criminals on crowded public transportation slit the bottoms of purses or bags with a razor or sharp knife, then remove the contents through the bottom. Theft of small items such as radios, luggage, cameras, briefcases, and even cigarettes from parked cars is a major problem. Robbers in southern Italy take items from cars at gas stations (often by smashing car windows). Tourists should immediately report thefts or other crimes to the local police station. In a scam practiced on the highway running between Rome and Naples, one thief punctures the tire of a rental or out-of-town car. An accomplice signals the flat tire to the driver and encourages the driver to pull over. When the driver stops, one thief helps change the tire, while the other helps himself to the driver's belongings. Highway robberies have occurred on the super highway between Salerno and Reggio Calabria in Sicily. A U.S. citizen was killed by gunshot during a random nighttime robbery attempt in 1994. In a scam practiced on trains, primarily in northern Italy, one or more persons will befriend a traveller and offer a drink. The drink will be drugged, and the traveller awakens to find he has been robbed. Thieves have been known to impersonate police officers to gain the confidence of tourists. The thief shows the prospective victim a circular plastic sign with the words "police" or "international police." If this happens, the tourist should insist on seeing the officer's identification card (documento), as impersonators tend not to carry forged documents. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Terrorist Activities: In May 1993, bombs exploded on separate occasions in Rome and in Florence. The explosions resulted in the death of five people, more than 40 injuries, and extensive property damage. In July 1993 three separate car bombings, two in Rome and one in Milan, left five people dead and 28 injured. In September 1993 a hand grenade was thrown and 12 shots were fired at the air base in Aviano. Between October 1993 and January 1994 four bombs exploded in public offices in Padova, and in February 1994 in Rome, the vehicle of a Spanish military officer exploded, causing light injuries to the driver. Most of the bombs were placed near public buildings (e.g. churches, museums) and all exploded during non-business hours. Officials of the Italian government have indicated their belief that the bombs are the work of criminal elements or international terrorists. U.S. citizens have not been the targets of these attacks. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Those convicted of drug-related crimes in Italy can expect jail sentences and fines. Dual Nationality: U.S. citizens who are also considered to be Italian citizens may be subject to compulsory military service and other Italian laws while in Italy. Those who might be affected can inquire at an Italian Embassy or Consulate regarding their status. In some instances, dual nationality may hamper U.S. Government efforts to provide protection abroad. Other Information: U.S. citizens are reminded that certain Alitalia flights between Italy and various Middle Eastern points (usually Damascus or Amman) make en route stops in Beirut. The State Department warns U.S. citizens to avoid all travel to or through Lebanon. Registration: U.S. citizens who plan to be in Italy for more than a few weeks, or who have friends or relatives who may wish to contact them, should register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Rome or at one of the three U.S. Consulates, where they may obtain updated information on travel and security in Italy. Embassy and Consulate Locations: The U.S. Embassy in Rome is located at Via Veneto 119/A, telephone: (39) (6) 46741, fax: (39) (6) 46742217. There are U.S. Consulates at the following locations: Florence, at Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci 38, telephone (39)(55) 239-8276/8/9, or 217-605; fax (55) 284088; Milan, at Via Principe Amedeo 2/10, telephone (39) (2) 290351; fax (2) 29001165; Naples, at Piazza Della Repubblica, telephone (39) (81) 5838111; fax (81) 7611869. U.S. Consular Agents are located at: Genoa, Via Dante 2, telephone (39) (010) 584492; Palermo, 18/BIS Via Re Frederico, telephone (39) (091) 6110020; and Trieste, at Via Roma 15, telephone (39) (040) 660177, fax (39)(040) 631240. No. 94-252 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 28, 1994, to add information on crime in Italy. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; ,1,,1,1,1, ,1,1,,1,1, 1,,1,1,,1, 1,1,,1,1,, 1,1,1,,1,1 ,,1,1,1,,1 ,,.,.1,, 4]4]4 >1.,.1 .,.1.,.1., .1.,.1.,.1 .,.1.,.1., .1.,.1.,.1 .,.1.,.1., .1.,.1.,.1 -1z-- >2::2: 1--1- :>: z> --1-1 1-1-y 11--1, 81991:10 y11-1 212119 11-11-1 2-1y1 :1y1 1-1-- 2y11- 01211 1--11 -11-1 1:-11 -11-1- -1-1-1 -11-1- 11->- y-9-11 1-1-1 1-1-1-1-1 Jamaica Map Button Image * THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jamaica Geography Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 10,990 sq km land area: 10,830 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Connecticut Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 1,022 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain Natural resources: bauxite, gypsum, limestone Land use: arable land: 19% permanent crops: 6% meadows and pastures: 18% forest and woodland: 28% other: 29% Irrigated land: 350 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions natural hazards: hurricanes (especially July to November) international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution Note: strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for Panama Canal THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jamaica People Population: 2,574,291 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 33% (female 412,565; male 431,043) 15-64 years: 60% (female 786,700; male 770,681) 65 years and over: 7% (female 96,348; male 76,954) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.78% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 22.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -8.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 16.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.65 years male: 72.39 years female: 77.01 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.42 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Jamaican(s) adjective: Jamaican Ethnic divisions: African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3%, white 3.2%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, other 1.2% Religions: Protestant 55.9% (Church of God 18.4%, Baptist 10%, Anglican 7.1%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.9%, Pentecostal 5.2%, Methodist 3.1%, United Church 2.7%, other 2.5%), Roman Catholic 5%, other, including some spiritual cults 39.1% (1982) Languages: English, Creole Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1987) total population: 82% male: 77% female: 86% Labor force: 1,062,100 by occupation: services 41%, agriculture 22.5%, industry 19%, unemployed 17.5% (1989) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jamaica Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jamaica Digraph: JM Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Kingston Administrative divisions: 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland Independence: 6 August 1962 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day (first Monday in August) (1962) Constitution: 6 August 1962 Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard COOKE (since 1 August 1991) head of government: Prime Minister P. J. PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992); Deputy Prime Minister Seymour MULLINGS (since NA 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of a 21-member body appointed by the governor general House of Representatives: elections last held 30 March 1993 (next to be held by March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) PNP 52, JLP 8 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: People's National Party (PNP) P. J. PATTERSON; Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward SEAGA Other political or pressure groups: Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Beginnings Movement (NBM) Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Leighton BERNAL THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jamaica Government chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 452-0660 FAX: [1] (202) 452-0081 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador J. Gary COOPER (since October 1994) embassy: Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [1] (809) 929-4850 through 4859 FAX: [1] (809) 926-6743 Flag: diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and fly side) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jamaica Economy Overview: Key sectors in this island economy are bauxite (alumina and bauxite account for more than half of exports) and tourism. The government's tight fiscal and monetary policies, which have been partially successful in curbing inflation, have held growth to 1.2% in 1993 and 2.0% in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,050 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 26.7% (1994) Unemployment rate: 15.7% (1992) Budget: revenues: $600 million expenditures: $736 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY90/91 est.) Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum partners: US 47%, UK 11%, Canada 9%, Norway 7%; France 4% (1993) Imports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals partners: US 54%, Japan 4.0%, Mexico 6%, UK 4%, Venezuela 3% (1993) External debt: $3.6 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 0.4% (1992); accounts for almost 30% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 730,000 kW production: 2.6 billion kWh consumption per capita: 988 kWh (1993) Industries: bauxite mining, tourism, textiles, food processing, light manufactures Agriculture: accounts for about 7% of GDP, 22% of work force, and 17% of exports; commercial crops - sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and livestock products include poultry, goats, milk; not self-sufficient in grain, meat, and dairy products Illicit drugs: transshipment point for cocaine from Central and South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active cannabis eradication program Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.2 billion; other countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.6 billion THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jamaica Economy Currency: 1 Jamaican dollar (J$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Jamaican dollars (J$) per US$1 - 33.195 (December 1994), 33.986 (1994), 24.949 (1993), 22.960 (1992), 12.116 (1991), 7.184 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jamaica Transportation Railroads: total: 370 km standard gauge: 370 km 1.435-m gauge Highways: total: 18,200 km paved: 12,600 km unpaved: gravel 3,200 km; improved earth 2,400 km Pipelines: petroleum products 10 km Ports: Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Longs Wharf, Rocky Point Merchant marine: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,931 GRT/10,545 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 Airports: total: 41 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 31 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jamaica Communications Telephone system: 127,000 telephones; fully automatic domestic telephone network local: NA intercity: NA international: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables Radio: broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 8 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jamaica Defense Forces Branches: Jamaica Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 670,958; males fit for military service 475,235; males reach military age (18) annually 26,244 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $19.3 million, 1% of GDP (FY91/92) 9JAMAICA - Passport (or original birth certificate and photo ID), onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds required. (Photo ID is not required for U.S. citizens under 16 using birth certificate.) Tourist card issued on arrival for stay up to 6 months; must be returned to immigration authorities on departure. For business or study, visa must be obtained in advance, no charge. Departure tax $15 paid at airport. Check information with Embassy of Jamaica, Suite 355, 1850 K St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 (202/452-0660) or nearest Consulate: CA (213/380-9471 or 415/886-6061), FL (305/374-8431), GA (404/593-1500), IL (312/663-0023) or NY (212/935-9000). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Jamaica ============================================================ Jamaica - Consular Information Sheet August 24, 1995 Country Description: Jamaica is a developing nation. Facilities for tourism are widely available. Entry Requirements: If traveling directly from the U.S., Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S. citizens can enter Jamaica with proof of U.S. citizenship, photo identification, return ticket and sufficient funds. A tourist card is issued on arrival for stays up to six months. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of Jamaica, 1520 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C. 20036, tel: (202) 452-0660 or the nearest consulate in Los Angeles, Miami, Atlanta, Chicago or New York. Medical Facilities: Medical care is often limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the U.S. In some cases, supplementary medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including medical evacuation insurance, has proved useful. For additional health information, the traveler may contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Crime is a serious problem in Kingston. Criminal acts can rapidly turn violent. The U.S. Embassy in Kingston advises its staff not to use buses, which are often overcrowded and provide a venue for crime. Travelers who use taxicabs should take only licensed taxicabs. It is dangerous to walk outside in Kingston after dark. It is also dangerous for visitors to frequent neighborhoods known for high crime rates. In 1995 for example, sporadic gang violence spread from neighborhoods west of the downtown area to the fringes of downtown Kingston. These areas are sometimes subject to curfew. Tourist areas are usually not affected by curfews, but travelers should check with local authorities or the U.S. Embassy for details. The U.S. Embassy advises its staff to exercise caution when traveling to and from the airport area via Windward and Mountain View Avenues because of the crime threat. The U.S. Embassy suggests that flights in and out of Kingston be scheduled for daylight hours whenever possible and discourages after dark travel to and from the Morgan's Harbour/Port Royal area. The government of Jamaica has taken a number of steps, including assignment of special tourist security personnel, to enhance security in the major resort areas on the north and west coasts. Resorts that feature self-contained facilities offer a higher degree of security than other facilities. Particular care is called for at isolated villas and smaller establishments and at facilities which have fewer security arrangements because of eco-tourism concerns. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. There have been recent scams involving relatives of U.S. citizen visitors and prisoners in Jamaica who have received telephone calls from people alleging that they are Jamaican police officers or other public officials. The callers state that the visitor or prisoner has had trouble and that money should be sent to the caller, who will assist the U.S. citizen. These calls are hoaxes. The American Citizens Services Unit of the U.S. Embassy's Consular Section can assist in confirming the validity of the call. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported to local police and the U.S. Embassy or Consular Agency. A U.S. birth certificate and/or drivers license generally cannot be replaced outside of the U.S. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to The Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use and dealing in illegal drugs, including marijuana, are strict and have recently been increased to include possible life imprisonment. Substantial fines plus mandatory sentences of six to nine months are common. Departing visitors are thoroughly screened for drug possession. Aviation Oversight: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in November 1994, the FAA has found the Government of Jamaica's Civil Aviation Authority to not be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of Jamaican air carrier operations. While consultations to correct the deficiencies are ongoing, Jamaican air carriers are permitted to conduct limited operations to the U.S. subject to heightened FAA surveillance. The FAA is not providing heightened surveillance for operations to destinations other than the U.S. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Kingston. The U.S. Embassy is located on the third floor of the Jamaica Mutual Life Centre, 2 Oxford Road; telephone (809) 929-4850 through 9859; fax (809) 926-6743. The Consular Section is located at the Life of Jamaica Building, 16 Oxford Road; telephone (809) 929-4850 through 4859; Consular fax (809) 935-6018. There is also a U.S. Consular Agency in Montego Bay at St. James Place, 2nd floor, Gloucester Avenue; telephone (809) 952-0160; fax (809) 952-5050; office hours Monday-Friday 9:00a.m.-12:00p.m. The U.S. Embassy in Kingston also has consular responsibility for the Cayman Islands. A Consular Agency will reopen soon in George Town, Grand Cayman. U.S. citizens may obtain updated information from the U.S. Embassy on travel and security in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. No. 95-099 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 28, 1995, to include Aviation Oversight Information and additional Crime Information ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Jamaica ============================================================ Jamaica - Consular Information Sheet August 24, 1995 Country Description: Jamaica is a developing nation. Facilities for tourism are widely available. Entry Requirements: If traveling directly from the U.S., Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S. citizens can enter Jamaica with proof of U.S. citizenship, photo identification, return ticket and sufficient funds. A tourist card is issued on arrival for stays up to six months. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of Jamaica, 1520 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W, Washington, D.C. 20036, tel: (202) 452-0660 or the nearest consulate in Los Angeles, Miami, Atlanta, Chicago or New York. Medical Facilities: Medical care is often limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the U.S. In some cases, supplementary medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including medical evacuation insurance, has proved useful. For additional health information, the traveler may contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Crime is a serious problem in Kingston. Criminal acts can rapidly turn violent. The U.S. Embassy in Kingston advises its staff not to use buses, which are often overcrowded and provide a venue for crime. Travelers who use taxicabs should take only licensed taxicabs. It is dangerous to walk outside in Kingston after dark. It is also dangerous for visitors to frequent neighborhoods known for high crime rates. In 1995 for example, sporadic gang violence spread from neighborhoods west of the downtown area to the fringes of downtown Kingston. These areas are sometimes subject to curfew. Tourist areas are usually not affected by curfews, but travelers should check with local authorities or the U.S. Embassy for details. The U.S. Embassy advises its staff to exercise caution when traveling to and from the airport area via Windward and Mountain View Avenues because of the crime threat. The U.S. Embassy suggests that flights in and out of Kingston be scheduled for daylight hours whenever possible and discourages after dark travel to and from the Morgan's Harbour/Port Royal area. The government of Jamaica has taken a number of steps, including assignment of special tourist security personnel, to enhance security in the major resort areas on the north and west coasts. Resorts that feature self-contained facilities offer a higher degree of security than other facilities. Particular care is called for at isolated villas and smaller establishments and at facilities which have fewer security arrangements because of eco-tourism concerns. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. There have been recent scams involving relatives of U.S. citizen visitors and prisoners in Jamaica who have received telephone calls from people alleging that they are Jamaican police officers or other public officials. The callers state that the visitor or prisoner has had trouble and that money should be sent to the caller, who will assist the U.S. citizen. These calls are hoaxes. The American Citizens Services Unit of the U.S. Embassy's Consular Section can assist in confirming the validity of the call. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported to local police and the U.S. Embassy or Consular Agency. A U.S. birth certificate and/or drivers license generally cannot be replaced outside of the U.S. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to The Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use and dealing in illegal drugs, including marijuana, are strict and have recently been increased to include possible life imprisonment. Substantial fines plus mandatory sentences of six to nine months are common. Departing visitors are thoroughly screened for drug possession. Aviation Oversight: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in November 1994, the FAA has found the Government of Jamaica's Civil Aviation Authority to not be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of Jamaican air carrier operations. While consultations to correct the deficiencies are ongoing, Jamaican air carriers are permitted to conduct limited operations to the U.S. subject to heightened FAA surveillance. The FAA is not providing heightened surveillance for operations to destinations other than the U.S. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Kingston. The U.S. Embassy is located on the third floor of the Jamaica Mutual Life Centre, 2 Oxford Road; telephone (809) 929-4850 through 9859; fax (809) 926-6743. The Consular Section is located at the Life of Jamaica Building, 16 Oxford Road; telephone (809) 929-4850 through 4859; Consular fax (809) 935-6018. There is also a U.S. Consular Agency in Montego Bay at St. James Place, 2nd floor, Gloucester Avenue; telephone (809) 952-0160; fax (809) 952-5050; office hours Monday-Friday 9:00a.m.-12:00p.m. The U.S. Embassy in Kingston also has consular responsibility for the Cayman Islands. A Consular Agency will reopen soon in George Town, Grand Cayman. U.S. citizens may obtain updated information from the U.S. Embassy on travel and security in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. No. 95-099 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 28, 1995, to include Aviation Oversight Information and additional Crime Information ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights JAMAICA 4t@t{G rt^tM language B>AB'H JTg)p \8x8\ MMHMHMMHH HMMHMHHMMH QQMQHUM MUHHQHHQHM MHbbHZQZZU hsQbvXZvhZ QZZXZHXsZX mmZUZQ VsasHb QQHHUMQUQM QUUMUUMQUQ HUHQMQHMUQ MUQHUM C%\\CC UHHBH 8\cC\ dmAMEH dmAMCH MXMMQ MVUHQVHUVU UMVUMUMV UMHVUHUQUH UMUMCH elAMBH UMMGH dmAMAH sHMAH dmAMH #:743. :(367 iBM?H iAM@H ^BMAH FKKUU H+UHH H3M H XZbh.a ^ZKGF DGU#H 55IAF ZvhFM MHHMQ LKM$H 1(#&. 365HK MSOQM BGSGBGSQHH vFM%H Y(34. #Yw/+47227 272.7.2..1 272.743.34 /45HK MBFBBKQQRB GFHTbDMb Y(414 @+(77# 7#3:#:79:9 3#3:#+(:*. 345HK BGKQ'H `(7+@ `(411345 bZVsvvbFGQ Y(44+ 345HK H MGJOF MHgrVF `(411 345HK C~BJHFHDHG Y(411 Y:w(Y 345HK gHKOUHHMU7H 345HK 345HK OBKSMOSBBS #3(.#(1 +#(##+##+1 1(.#(1: 345HK MRRAh MXsQJADHQQ JHKB~ .7474 1474774374 113477(` (74341 345HK 0`YY`0 015HK mDM2H 5HKHHMFF MQQ3; 5HDMOBDb bBM0H MFXbMHXUQ HMHHM QMHMHHMHHQ HHMQQMQHHM QHHQQ ,CzbAU HUGBMBDDFB VbHHMUZQZH hZbVZZX ZVHHZXZZ HZZHbX hHMQHZZXQH MHHQSORQHH hBBGM OAGDh sGBOQ VbZhv hXshZbVM bZhbHM QOSDbXMH ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K T<00=Td T:T:\&OOc7 [}C[JSCC<7 kSb J7KJS7i C7S7C S 6QYfY? FYR;@ cQI65 YQRR69 6RMf7 6YYQP2 RQQY2 FYRQY RQR6@ QQ6E@ 6RRF& 6IIYfYQY #RY;MIFN RQRRN Jarvis Island Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights JARVIS_I x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jarvis Island Header Affiliation: (territory of the US) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jarvis Island Geography Location: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to the Cook Islands Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 4.5 sq km land area: 4.5 sq km comparative area: about 7.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 8 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun Terrain: sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef Natural resources: guano (deposits worked until late 1800s) Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: no natural fresh water resources natural hazards: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard international agreements: NA Note: sparse bunch grass, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; feral cats THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jarvis Island People Population: uninhabited; note - Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jarvis Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jarvis Island Digraph: DQ Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System Capital: none; administered from Washington, DC THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jarvis Island Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jarvis Island Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island Note: there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jarvis Island Defense Forces defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard Map Button Image Show Map NXX&Y V[QNN#R ORcM( M:."" &" .M.& M. M:& .: VRRZRRVRRV ZRVZRVRRVV/R _^RqR_j]^g qRV.R gRV-R aRV-R ZVVZVV\\ZZ ZZ^]ZZ VVZZV]]\\Z ]VV\]Z\^V fRZ^\\ZVZZ VVRRVV ZZVZ^]VZZ \\VRRV V^R^_gRZqR ZRV]]V \_fqqf tjZVSR VRVq_ ]\RRgqq zzaRV g_faaq auaf^a_ffa RSSRSRRLR# `K61W V]]\R^R jfggmjmv iKW 11$$`$$11 $I~LZ $6r$K 66$1W1yDi HCsd3sl HERP l2<;0ld2 lU3>ERP d2<93 U4>ERP U3C2d %?>ERP ,?>ERP ,?>ERP ,?>ERP )3HnU,< dUFdHdUlUd dUlF0Ul=A7 0;0dd U,Bld, 5UdBdd3;2B ,?>ERP ;A503A7 2292522023 l2=29 d7A22A) U2=03A92 2922<7<=0= ,?>ERP 2<<977 <<7<9 U3<<9 F5<<95 779<9<< 2?>ER +))2; ;5+5; ;5)0;8>ERP E@879 9AA78>ERP PRE;B@8 B;ERP V[SE>?@> ?>ESP ORbDJ \VRVVZVZVR \VV\\VZZV\ VRVZZVZVZZ VZZVZZRVVZ VRZZVZ]R} VSf_af_ jRg_u_u_ \jRjegfu gzqg}gRg jzjzfjqfqu qfqu^ VVZVRRaRVR RVZR~_RV\R ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K 676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767676 7676767 Jersey Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jersey Header Affiliation: (British crown dependency) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jersey Geography Location: Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France Map references: Europe Area: total area: 117 sq km land area: 117 sq km comparative area: about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 70 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: temperate; mild winters and cool summers Terrain: gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast Natural resources: agricultural land Land use: arable land: 57% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% other: NA% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jersey People Population: 86,649 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 17% (female 7,029; male 7,450) 15-64 years: 69% (female 30,156; male 29,916) 65 years and over: 14% (female 7,202; male 4,896) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.7% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.83 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.97 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 4.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 4.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.9 years male: 73.81 years female: 80.32 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.44 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander Ethnic divisions: UK and Norman-French descent Religions: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian Languages: English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jersey Government Names: conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey conventional short form: Jersey Digraph: JE Type: British crown dependency Capital: Saint Helier Administrative divisions: none (British crown dependency) Independence: none (British crown dependency) National holiday: Liberation Day, 9 May (1945) Constitution: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice Legal system: English law and local statute Suffrage: NA years of age; universal adult Executive branch: Chief of State: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) Head of Government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Air Marshal Sir John SUTTON (since NA 1990); Bailiff Sir Peter L. CRILL (since NA) cabinet: committees; appointed by the States Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the States: elections last held NA (next to be held NA); results - no percent of vote by party since all are independents; seats - (56 total, 52 elected) 52 independents Judicial branch: Royal Court Political parties and leaders: none; all independents Member of: none Diplomatic representation in US: none (British crown dependency) US diplomatic representation: none (British crown dependency) Flag: white with the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland) extending to the corners of the flag THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jersey Economy Overview: The economy is based largely on financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. In 1986 the finance sector overtook tourism as the main contributor to GDP, accounting for 40% of the island's output. In recent years the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. National product: GDP $NA National product real growth rate: 8% (1987 est.) National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8% (1988 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $308 million expenditures: $284.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1985) Exports: $NA commodities: light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles partners: UK Imports: $NA commodities: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals partners: UK External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 50,000 kW standby production: power supplied by France consumption per capita: NA kWh (1992) Industries: tourism, banking and finance, dairy Agriculture: potatoes, cauliflowers, tomatoes; dairy and cattle farming Economic aid: none Currency: 1 Jersey pound (#J) = 100 pence THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jersey Economy Exchange rates: Jersey pounds (#J) per US$1 - 0.6250 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990); the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jersey Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jersey Communications Telephone system: 63,700 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 3 submarine cables Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Jersey Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights JERSEY language I*Q I C``{w#{ ww`MIG ;Dp&& ONIONIOONN TKNVNONIIN NTIIO xoKxhIo xoIxhIho\W hN_\\ VTTVNVIIOV VNTOVN bZppDZ| FGKJFIFFGM ONIOO OIV\S OON I NNION NOITT ONTVI h}_NN NOTVVI ; b | NTVIo ONIINTN \IOTO OON\I xIVNIIV LQQLF INTONI oINSI ]ddBddB zzE[c \INQI $^^PP3 ^kk^(k3k= ITIINOMI xIOKI xIOLI _INLI xIOMI \ITQI INONRI IITTTI OTOVI _IIOTN[I IOVON]I IVN`I _INaI hINcI NIhhINdI NNWx_IN ONVOIOI NIOT I TVOIO;I OTONNIN NNONIOT KKIVh NINNIINN hxh_h_Ix h_xxo\x\h\ xh\+I _NN)I _NN)I oh_Vo Ih\\o\o_V _NN)I V_\IOOIIV NNI\_INOIO NNIOIINNIN IININNINNI i,7=UOG "+##+)) ))+.+# ++24,IOG r.66)#+ 6+#+66+*)) 66*#*1rX /4,IOG 24,IOG 24,IOG r)65B 24,IOG 24,IOG 24,IOG 24,IOG #.Bl9 1XX9XB#Xj9 6+BnB+fXfB 24,IOG 55.)5 5++1+.5.+1 151)55 24,IOG 2266266266 64,IOG JK`#6 24,IOG JI`007 0,IOG TOINNONONI TNNTTNOONT NINOTNONOO NOONOOINNO NIOONOVI} OINNIINIIN VNIONNOI\\ NN_\\_\INN IIOI} oIh\x\x\ OhNh_h_x hxoh}hIh h}hx_ho_ox o_oxV NNONII\NNI OINNINO I}\INTI} ;;JO" ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; p22p| puup8 pvvp8 pwwp8 pxxp8 pyyp8 pzzp8 p{{p8 p||p8 p}}p8 p~~p8 Johnston Atoll Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights JOHNSTON x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Johnston Atoll Header Affiliation: (territory of the US) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Johnston Atoll Geography Location: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 2.8 sq km land area: 2.8 sq km comparative area: about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 10 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation Terrain: mostly flat with a maximum elevation of 4 meters Natural resources: guano (deposits worked until about 1890) Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: no natural fresh water resources natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; closed to the public; former nuclear weapons test site; site of Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS); some low-growing vegetation THE WORLD FACTBOOK Johnston Atoll People Population: 327 (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA Death rate: NA Net migration rate: NA Infant mortality rate: NA Life expectancy at birth: NA Total fertility rate: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Johnston Atoll Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Johnston Atoll Digraph: JQ Type: unincorportated territory of the US administered by the US Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) and managed cooperatively by DNA and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system Capital: none Diplomatic representation in US: none (territory of the US) US diplomatic representation: none (territory of the US) Flag: the flag of the US is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Johnston Atoll Economy Overview: Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported. Electricity: supplied by the management and operations contractor THE WORLD FACTBOOK Johnston Atoll Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Johnston Island Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Johnston Atoll Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; excellent system including 60-channel submarine cable, Autodin/SRT terminal, digital telephone switch, Military Affiliated Radio System (MARS station), and UHF/VHF air-ground radio local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: commercial satellite television system televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Johnston Atoll Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the US Map Button Image Show Map ``W'[ caY` [ ;;.)& n}[`o[ rjrJj n[`m[ `ha`[ ``[[ffa][ [`[fa[[ a`a*[ k[`fa `f[[a`0[ [``[[o [`[}} v[`'[ [f[[h q[`'[ n[`[f[ V!3V3V [a[`[` [aafaa[ a[[`[`a a[a[[`[[` `[[`a,[ [a[a[ q[[fk`[ `[`kaa[ `a[[a`[``[ [f[[a[ a`aC[ a`[[`[k af``fa`[ ZWZWWU[l ff`[y n[a=[ [kf`;[ `[aa9[ k[aha7[ `f`aff`[ y[a5[ af[[q `fhfa [f[[``[` `[f`f [[``a[ [khff `[oyaqnk[` vk[nok``[n f`fu[` f[ah[`[ y[aa[ i[ ha`+[ ff[n`noukq qonkuyu[nq knvvqonky [k`+[ `hf`ha[hff a`hffa8[ q[[`a`[ y[`:[ ``[[``[`a a`a``=[ a[`aa`[`` ``[[a a[ha[ ou[q`uu yu[un [h[a~[ a``ay[ fha`[u kf`[`ahp[ q[fan[ [af`l[ hha[hv[ y`afaj[ aafaf[nv Xf[ffh[ hfa[hf`hff hh`ffaP[ a[`a[a[ ua[``f[ `[vqa [ffc[ [`hfa[ f`a[nn [ah`[ a[a``[ `f`f[`f[[a `ff[f `fhffX[ `ha[[`[ fk`f[ aaf`ah[a8[ ha``a[[`aa7[ `hf`[hh`hf7[ (95/( 455455 55455 CDGX[X 6HCKC4CKC B66868mHS0( rnhonh knkbWW khkjhkjhkh wnjkjkk`WQ W`jkk gTZ~+ j\bU\`b`WW hkjWWb\ rjnnjkjj hWWQQbnhn\ WWbkh njjh`Qkj kb\jh\k[ nkkjjkW `jhok kjjkjhjjkk `hhjUn kkrrkkn kjkjhhkjkk `jnkkj jkhhkjk jhkjh bjnkk jb`bhjjhjk hjjkjhh bbnnhh bQQ@QW hjjWQQWj bjkhj kjjbW`kk \ojkjh jkkjhjkk`h jj\\kknnhk WWbbhjknjj hkjhk kjkhkhjkjk kjnjok nhjhjj kjhjbWb`hh nhkkP ^bkhjh kjnkkjk hjbnonkhjh jhhjk\ knknn jkjkkjkkjn jjhjkknrw rknnkjnjn w[nrnoj hnonn onkjh wonnkkrkkj ][nknro nrnkrkjnjk ojkjjkjkU ]noono hknhjjnky jhkkh^ rnrnhkojj onhhkjj rknnkojno rkknoow wjhhk khjh\ bhjjhhjkkP njkkj``jk njkbWjjh\ jjh`Wbjj` wnjjhjjWWb hnnkhnb` knhnk nhjhjk hhjkP Ndq.z ^boon Unkkjn o[nrnr 7/,/5/,, ,,//5 xE(7Ex7 7x7E//7x77 //(,,(,/,( (/,(,// (,,(, 77,77 ;5/5/5/5 5//5/5/5/5 /5/5/5 5/5/5/5/5/ 5/5/5/5/5/ H??SH??S?W ""60Z BpJ;;q ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$Q BOJ;; Ybb=B MMb7pp o(dUU UFGpF CUbIpF CUKpF VbLpG CbNpG VbOpG CbQpH VbRpG CbZpO Cb]pP Cb`pO CUbpO CCUcpO CobfpP CobipP ppblpP .1,1,,` 4]5]4] 4]4L4]4 4]4]4]4 4]4]4 4]4]4] 4]4]4]4 4]4]4]4 4]4]4 4]4]4L 4]4]4]4 4]4]4]4 4]4L4 4]4]4] 4]4]4L4 4L4]4]4 4]4]4]4 4]4]4] 4]4]4]4 ;=c&4 Y&]9] ;gXL]9 ;O4L] Yg<6v !RQQRi y8Nb,! 8s1,% 8N0=, #MZE88 YQEEi MQR6Ej !.=c; y1yy11y yy11y 1y1y11 1-11y 11yy1 : : : : : 11-1-11 : :> ::> : > > :: : Juan de Nova Island Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights JUAN_DE_ x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Juan de Nova Island Header Affiliation: (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Juan de Nova Island Geography Location: Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique Map references: Africa Area: total area: 4.4 sq km land area: 4.4 sq km comparative area: about 7.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 24.1 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claimed by Madagascar Climate: tropical Terrain: NA Natural resources: guano deposits and other fertilizers Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 90% other: 10% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: periodic cyclones international agreements: NA Note: wildlife sanctuary THE WORLD FACTBOOK Juan de Nova Island People Population: uninhabited THE WORLD FACTBOOK Juan de Nova Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Juan de Nova Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Juan de Nova Digraph: JU Type: French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion Capital: none; administered by France from Reunion Independence: none (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Juan de Nova Island Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Juan de Nova Island Transportation Railroads: total: NA km; short line going to a jetty Ports: none; offshore anchorage only Airports: total: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Juan de Nova Island Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of France Map Button Image Show Map VWVVWWVZWZ VVWZ W ZWZZVV ZWW\ZVVWWV WZWVWVV \a^id WVotV^iilf oVkWafi_to lotloqW _itkxikkii \oifxalVW kdWooZ\V za^kWZ_Vx V_lWW ZXcXXcXXcc XccXX Q\bZVV Q^UnV WVVWVWWVVW oVW[V W^\ZZW WZWZZWVVWV kWdtWloa_v qVW>V WWZ\VVWWZZ \^\\^VVZZV WZZVWVo vaaVVWVdzq qdWf^Z qVZVV\Z \^^WVZdk oVqkVZ^^\\ \^WVWtq f_VZ^VZVk W^^\WV WWVWZ WZZVWV ^ZVVZVWW ZZ^\Z^WZ\\ WZWW\__^^\ xVZV^_BV WZ^Vo WW\^\ \ZVdVk V\^AV W^VfV qVW\^\ WZ_WZ \\WVo Vd^?V MSSggw VW^\&V VV^^WWVv fV_ZW+NnO ;@TVTuV N/.66./ 6<5+2D6..9 ?66<. H??+/D5 +.+.+.>5+2 D66;5n ?+2?+ +2D6..9+/? 6?<%h @TVTuV 6<96<< 66;<;66<<6 66;5I /<<;69 ;<;6;<;66; 66<<;6 6<<6<< +C;@T %%<;66)%. /%+68;@TVTuV RTK>7:: 6@VVTuV RYJHChB >H@TVTuV TVQjJ KJKxV ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K 67676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676767 6767676 Kazakhstan Map Button Image ? THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan Geography Location: Central Asia, northwest of China Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States Area: total area: 2,717,300 sq km land area: 2,669,800 sq km comparative area: slightly less than four times the size of Texas Land boundaries: total 12,012 km, China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) note: Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea (1,015 km) and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined Climate: continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid Terrain: extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oasis and desert in Central Asia Natural resources: major deposits of petroleum, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium Land use: arable land: 15% permanent crops: NEGL% meadows and pastures: 57% forest and woodland: 4% other: 24% Irrigated land: 23,080 sq km (1990) Environment: current issues: radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with its former defense industries and test ranges are found throughout the country and pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers which flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salinization from faulty irrigation practices natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan Geography Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan People Population: 17,376,615 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 30% (female 2,589,509; male 2,664,952) 15-64 years: 63% (female 5,531,519; male 5,371,563) 65 years and over: 7% (female 820,900; male 398,172) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.62% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 19.26 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -5.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 40 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.25 years male: 63.61 years female: 73.13 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.43 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Kazakhstani(s) adjective: Kazakhstani Ethnic divisions: Kazakh (Qazaq) 41.9%, Russian 37%, Ukrainian 5.2%, German 4.7%, Uzbek 2.1%, Tatar 2%, other 7.1% (1991 official data) Religions: Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7% Languages: Kazakh (Qazaqz) official language spoken by over 40% of population, Russian (language of interethnic communication) spoken by two-thirds of population and used in everyday business Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 98% male: 99% female: 96% Labor force: 7.356 million by occupation: industry and construction 31%, agriculture and forestry 26%, other 43% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan conventional short form: Kazakhstan local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy local short form: none former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic Digraph: KZ Type: republic Capital: Almaty Administrative divisions: 19 oblystar (singular - oblys) and 1 city (qalalar, singular - qala)*; Almaty Qalasy*, Almaty Oblysy, Aqmola Oblysy, Aqtobe Oblysy, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oral), Kokshetau Oblysy, Mangghystau Oblysy (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Shymkent), Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Pavlodar Oblysy, Semey Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oskemen; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavl), Taldyqorghan Oblysy, Torghay Oblysy, Zhambyl Oblysy, Zhezqazghan Oblysy note: names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from oblys name Independence: 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 16 December (1991) Constitution: adopted 28 January 1993 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Nursultan NAZARBAYEV (since NA April 1990); Vice President Yerik ASANBAYEV (since 1 December 1991); election last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV ran unopposed; note - NAZARBAYEV has extended his term to the year 2000 by a nationwide referendum held 30 April 1995 head of government: Prime Minister Akezhan KAZHEGELDIN (since 12 October 1994); First Deputy Prime Ministers Nigmatzhan ISINGARIN (since 12 October 1994) and Vitalia METTE (since March 1995) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan Government Supreme Council: elections last held 7 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (177 total) Union Peoples' Unity of Kazakhstan 33, Confederation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan 11, Peoples' Congress of Kazakhstan Party 9, Socialist Party of Kazakhstan 8, Peasant Union of the Republic Kazakhstan 4, Social Movement LAD 4, Organization of Veterans 1, Union of Youth of Kazakhstan 1, Democratic Committee for Human Rights 1, Association of Lawyers of Kazakhstan 1, International Public Committee "Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan" 1, Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan 1, Deputies of the 12th Supreme Soviet 40, independents 62 note: the Supreme Council disbanded 12 March 1995 following a Constitutional Court ruling that the March 1994 elections were invalid Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: People's Unity Party (PUP; was Union of People's Unity), Kuanysh SULTANOV, chairman; People's Congress of Kazakhstan (PCK), Olzhas SULEYMENOV, chairman; Socialist Party of Kazakhstan (SPK; former Communist Party), Yermukhamet YERTYSHBAYEV, co-chairman; Republican Party (Azat), Kamal ORMANTAYEV, chairman; Democratic Progress (Russian) Party, Alexandra DOKUCHAYEVA, chairman; Confederation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Peasant Union of the Republic Kazakhstan (KPU); Social Movement LAD, V. MIKHAYLOV, chairman; Union of Youth of Kazakhstan; Democratic Committee for Human Rights; Association of Lawyers of Kazakhstan; International Public Committee "Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan"; Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan; Deputies of the 12th Supreme Soviet; People's Cooperative Party, Umirzak SARSENOV, chairman; Organization of Veterans Other political or pressure groups: Independent Trade Union Center (Birlesu; an association of independent trade union and business associations), Leonid SOLOMIN, president Member of: AsDB, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NACC, OIC (observer), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Tuleutai S. SULEYMENOV chancery: (temporary) 3421 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-4504 through 4507 FAX: [1] (202) 333-4509 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador William H. COURTNEY embassy: 99/97 Furmanova Street, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 480012 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [7] (3272) 63-24-26 FAX: [7] (3272) 63-38-83 Flag: sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in yellow THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan Economy Overview: Kazakhstan, the second largest of the former Soviet states in territory, possesses enormous untapped fossil-fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals. It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production. Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some defense items. The breakup of the USSR and the collapse of demand for Kazakhstan's traditional heavy industry products have resulted in a sharp contraction of the economy since 1991, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. The government has pursued a moderate program of economic reform and privatization which is gradually lifting state controls over economic activity and shifting assets into the private sector. Nevertheless, government control over key sectors of the economy remains strong. Sustained economic hardships and continued pressures from industrial elites will make it difficult for the government to sustain its policies of monetary and fiscal discipline which had brought down inflation by the end of 1994. Continued lack of pipeline transportation for expanded oil exports has closed off a likely source of economic recovery. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $55.2 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992) National product real growth rate: -25% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,200 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 24% per month (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 1.1% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers (1994) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $3.1 billion (1994) commodities: oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain, wool, meat, coal partners: Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Imports: $3.5 billion (1994) commodities: machinery and parts, industrial materials, oil and gas partners: Russia and other former Soviet republics, China External debt: less than $1 billion debt to Russia Industrial production: growth rate -28% (1994) Electricity: capacity: 17,380,000 kW production: 65.1 billion kWh THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan Economy consumption per capita: 3,750 kWh (1994) Industries: accounts for 26% of net national product; extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur), iron and steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP; employs about 26% of the labor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; meat, cotton, wool Illicit drugs: illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North America from Southwest Asia Economic aid: recipient: approximately $1 billion in foreign loans and credits allocated in 1994; disbursements projected at $700 billion through 1995 Currency: national currency the tenge introduced on 15 November 1993 Exchange rates: tenges per US$1 - 54 (yearend 1994) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan Transportation Railroads: total: 14,460 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines broad gauge: 14,460 km 1.520-m gauge (1990) Highways: total: 189,000 km paved and graveled: 108,100 km unpaved: earth 80,900 km (1990) Inland waterways: Syrdariya River, Ertis River Pipelines: crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural gas 3,480 km (1992) Ports: Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk) Airports: total: 352 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 7 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 23 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 with paved runways under 914 m: 9 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 9 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 25 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 65 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 190 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan Communications Telephone system: 2.2 million telephones; telephone service is poor; about 17 telephones/100 persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones/100 persons in rural areas; Almaty has 184,000 telephones local: NA intercity: land line and microwave radio relay international: international traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch; INTELSAT earth station; new satellite earth station established at Almaty with Turkish financial help (December 1992) with 2500 channel band width Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: 4.088 million (with multiple speakers for program diffusion 6,082,000) Television: broadcast stations: Orbita (TV receive only) earth station televisions: 4.75 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kazakhstan Defense Forces Branches: Army, Republic National Guard, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 4,513,089; males fit for military service 3,605,584; males reach military age (18) annually 154,280 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 69.3 billion rubles, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results KAZAKHSTAN - Passport and visa required. For additional information contact the Embassy of Kazakhstan, 3421 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/333-4504 or 07). Kazakhstan - Consular Information Sheet February 16, 1994 Country Description: Kazakhstan is a nation undergoing profound political and economic change. It is a new independent state still in the process of stabilizing its relations with neighboring countries. Political activities have been peaceful. Tourist facilities are not highly developed, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other countries are not yet available. Internal air travel generally operates but suffers disruptions. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Visas are issued at the Kazakhstan Embassy (on the basis of a letter of invitation from a Kazakhstani organization) and at the Almaty Airport. Visas issued at the airport without a letter of invitation are only valid for three days. Kazakhstan immigration officials consider visas for Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, and Belarus to be valid for transit (up to three days) through Kazakhstan. U.S. citizens can contact the Kazakhstan Embassy, 3421 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 333-4507 for current information on visa requirements. Medical Facilities: Medical care in Kazakhstan is limited. There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics, and antibiotics. Incidence of infectious diseases is generally higher than in the U.S., and immunizations are unavailable. Drinking only boiled or bottled water will help guard against cholera, which has been reported. Elderly travelers and those with existing health problems may be at risk due to inadequate medical facilities. The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of English speaking physicians in the area. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including medical evacuation coverage, has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers' hotline, tel: (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Common street crime has increased, especially at night, and some robbery victims have been assaulted. Robbers congregate around hotels that cater to foreigners. Walking in a group or utilizing an official metered taxi with door to door service is the best way to traverse the cities after sunset. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Russia." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Kazakhstan is a cash only economy. Traveler's checks and credit cards are rarely accepted. Kazakhstan has its own currency, the ten'ge. U.S. dollars can be changed only at official exchange offices or in banks. Anyone caught dealing on the black market can expect harsh punishment. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: Americans who register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security within Kazakhstan. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Almaty, Kazakhstan, is located at 99/97A Furmanova Street, Telephone (7-3272) 63-24-26. No. 94-012 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 29, 1993 to add information on visas, include details on street crime and infectious diseases, and to note the danger of changing U.S. dollars on the black market. Show Map x8dot3 Russian Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights KAZAKHST :`&`M h`^`f language 9k@9^k WWGWWf @^@N@@N' ^^99N ^k.'9^ 9@.@k@^Nk" NNkkN. /SS]m ^N^.9?N 'k9k^k@ SA//[^ T_dtbp @@k^.N TOZXsbf :OCOThb /&m>vVv> M%MTd D22"ZXDCIO OI_%Olt} 0BVh>>V lsttsstw "hTTDT XOX_2dss BVBBoBVV wwotwsstt %"l"%:wl 2D:M2 %lXTZX__h| Vvj}>>s>> @'N^N@ @@'.k9 lostss 2K:dx sd_lsso|: ~}xBFpFBpv lswsts dPwd} sow||} }ssoxs wwtows wwdlw}w wsstswstw }twsts lhxt} }wtts do_Xdst ITMd: }lw}} YEYEYE YEYEYEYE }ol_Xdts} z"%}_2 \O2\" }tlTZ "!D\2 n"2z2DzO\% \"nO2\\ Y{{Y{ tswwttw 9339339 933933,N ppbsslolo otosstosw} stsoss tosswosotw oss}} }tod_l w}tswsswtt lo_XT_ osow}swtss _TXXZ sotowt} _stwsttssw _ssowwttss tow}sgb bwtl*p: oldll swsstsosto lxsstpx}" twlt}swtt l_TTZXXZ _xtopl}P }wott} }xwwswtl} TXsw}bbolw TXXTXXTX Zd|bflssw| MIKXK _hbpl PXXP\T _hdph_dlss bsPZPIKX KZXZXX_dKd XXh_tt lshXPXP\ XXZXX_Z_Kh __Tlot} %22%2 PXXTZ_l_lp b_odsts 2DnO\ slTXZXX TX_ds spoosol} "%n\I wslXTTXZ _doswlwwlp dssoww 2"O22D"nDn _%z%% twlwl \%O2nD8% zIK\\ %n2z2 O\I**8I2 2n2z2O\D* q\DIDD O22Dz\D 2zO\2D D2I22n z#0#0v nZquuF FB6VF ~BF60 Z6$uFB0 Y-4774- -77477477- 7477477447 4-77-47-47 4-7-74-474 477477-77- --($$-$$(( $(($-$(($$ ($(($(-$$- ($--$(-$-( (-($$($$($ $($(-($(-- ~F6B00B06 --4(Y uZ66BFZn ($-(-E-( --EE-4((E7 Y--(-(E7( --(7E(( 47--4( (--$Y ^rE(Y ^^9@.9@.N@ kk^k^k ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K #%>%>> %>>%># BOJ;; p!!n$ )!))-! 1))*! ))W)! )WW))W)) !'!))&! ))W)/ @)1ZW p! eGe ))1!)n )!e\4 |8NN{N Dis[V [N8|@$ '?|?$ ]4NR|| N88NN N{u33 { /zAN NZR<8 N_*%XG N[eAs sljNGW $_@]UJ @@X& } isd &NW z|@_// /z%&{ 'K{}{ Nup%-sN Kenya Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights KENYA x8dot3 Swahili language 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya Geography Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Map references: Africa Area: total area: 582,650 sq km land area: 569,250 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Nevada Land boundaries: total 3,446 km, Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km Coastline: 536 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international boundary; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis Climate: varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior Terrain: low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west Natural resources: gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 7% forest and woodland: 4% other: 85% Irrigated land: 520 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya Geography Note: the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya People Population: 28,817,227 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 6,841,235; male 6,957,908) 15-64 years: 50% (female 7,277,061; male 7,085,925) 65 years and over: 2% (female 359,659; male 295,439) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.99% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 41.66 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.04 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -19.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 73.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 52.41 years male: 50.72 years female: 54.16 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.76 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Kenyan(s) adjective: Kenyan Ethnic divisions: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, Asian, European, and Arab 1%, other 15% Religions: Protestant (including Anglican) 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, other 8% Languages: English (official), Swahili (official), numerous indigenous languages Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 71% male: 81% female: 62% Labor force: by occupation: agriculture 75%-80% (1993 est.), non-agriculture 20%-25% (1993 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Kenya conventional short form: Kenya former: British East Africa Digraph: KE Type: republic Capital: Nairobi Administrative divisions: 7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western Independence: 12 December 1963 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 12 December (1963) Constitution: 12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, and 1992 Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991 Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); Vice President George SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989); election last held on 29 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - President Daniel T. arap MOI was reelected with 37% of the vote; Kenneth Matiba (FORD-ASILI) 26%; Mwai Kibaki (SP) 19%, Oginga Odinga (FORD-Kenya) 17% cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Bunge): elections last held on 29 December 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (188 total) KANU 100, FORD-Kenya 31, FORD-Asili 31, DP 23, smaller parties 3; president nominates 12 additional members note: first multiparty election since repeal of one-party state law in 1991 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court Political parties and leaders: ruling party is Kenya African National Union (KANU), President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI; opposition parties include Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Kenya), Michael WAMALWA; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Asili), Kenneth MATIBA; Democratic Party of Kenya (DP), Mwai KIBAKI Other political or pressure groups: labor unions; Roman Catholic Church THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya Government Member of: ESCAP, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Benjamin Edgar KIPKORIR chancery: 2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 387-6101 FAX: [1] (202) 462-3829 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Aurelia BRAZEAL embassy: corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi mailing address: P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi; APO AE 09831 telephone: [254] (2) 334141 FAX: [254] (2) 340838 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya Economy Overview: Kenya in recent years has had one of the highest natural rates of growth in population, but the statistics have been complicated by the large-scale movement of nomadic groups and of Somalis back and forth across the border. Population growth has been accompanied by deforestation, deterioration in the road system, the water supply, and other parts of the infrastructure. In industry and services, Nairobi's reluctance to embrace IMF-supported reforms had held back investment and growth in 1991-93. Nairobi's push on economic reform in 1994, however, helped support a 3.3% increase in output. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $33.1 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,170 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 30% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 35% urban (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $2.4 billion expenditures: $2.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $740 million (1990 est.) Exports: $1.45 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: tea 25%, coffee 18%, petroleum products 11% (1990) partners: EC 47%, Africa 23%, Asia 11%, US 4%, Middle East 3% (1991) Imports: $1.85 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 29%, petroleum and petroleum products 15%, iron and steel 7%, raw materials, food and consumer goods (1989) partners: EC 46%, Asia 23%, Middle East 20%, US 5% (1991) External debt: $7 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 3.9% (1991 est.); accounts for 14% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 810,000 kW production: 3.3 billion kWh consumption per capita: 117 kWh (1993) Industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), processing agricultural products, oil refining, cement, tourism Agriculture: most important sector, accounting for 27% of GDP and 65% of exports; cash crops - coffee, tea; food products - corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya Economy Illicit drugs: widespread harvesting of small, wild plots of marijuana and qat; most locally consumed; transit country for Southwest Asian heroin moving to West Africa and onward to Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $839 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.49 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $74 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $83 million Currency: 1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 - 44.478 (January 1995), 56.051 (1994), 58.001 (1993), 32.217 (1992), 27.508 (1991), 22.915 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya Transportation Railroads: total: 2,650 km narrow gauge: 2,650 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 64,590 km paved: 7,000 km unpaved: gravel 4,150 km; improved earth 53,440 km Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya Pipelines: petroleum products 483 km Ports: Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa Merchant marine: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,883 GRT/6,255 DWT ships by type: barge carrier 1, oil tanker 1 Airports: total: 246 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 22 with paved runways under 914 m: 83 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 14 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 119 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya Communications Telephone system: over 260,000 telephones; in top group of African systems local: NA intercity: consists primarily of microwave radio relay links international: 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 16, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 6 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kenya Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 6,358,344; males fit for military service 3,932,506 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $136 million, 1.9% of GDP (FY93/94) N;N;KENYA - Passport and visa required. Visa must be obtained in advance. Single-entry visa for tourist/business stay up to 6 months, $10 (money order only); requires 1 application form, 2 photos and onward/return ticket. Yellow fever immunization is recommend. Anti-malaria pills are recommended for those travelling to the western or coastal regions. Multiple-entry business visa valid for up to 1 year, $50. Payment by cashiers check or money order only. Airport departure tax is $20. Consult the Embassy of Kenya, 2249 R St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/387-6101) or Consulate General: Los Angeles (310/274-6635) or New York (212/486-1300). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Kenya ============================================================ Kenya - Consular Information Sheet November 9, 1995 Country Description: Kenya is a developing east African country. Tourist facilities are widely available in Nairobi, on the coast, and in the game parks and reserves. Entry Requirements: Entry information (and information about departure tax) may be obtained from the Embassy of Kenya, 2249 R Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 387-6101, or Consulates General in Los Angeles and New York City. Overseas, inquiries may be made at the nearest Kenyan embassy or consulate. Areas of Instability: Kenya is in a political transition period, from a single-party democracy to a multi-party democracy. From time to time, political or ethnic tensions, associated with this transition, increase--resulting in localized areas of instability, disruption of public services, and sporadic demonstrations. These ethnic and political clashes have had no affect on tourism and have little potential to do so in the future. Medical Facilities: Adequate medical services are available in Nairobi. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for the payment of medical services outside the United States. Supplemental insurance with specific overseas coverage, including air evacuations, has proved useful. Information on other health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: There is a high rate of street crime against tourists in downtown Nairobi, Mombasa and at coastal beach resorts. Reports of attacks against tourists by groups of two or more armed assailants have increased in recent months. Pickpockets and thieves also carry out "snatch and run" crimes near crowds. Visitors have found it safer not to carry valuables with them, but to store all valuables in hotel safety deposit boxes or safe rooms. There have been reports of thieves snatching jewelry and other objects from open vehicle windows while motorists are either stopped at a traffic light or in heavy traffic. Armed carjackings are increasingly common in Nairobi, with some ten vehicles stolen by armed robbers each day. There is also a high incidence of residential break-ins. Thieves and con men have been known to impersonate hotel employees, police officers or government officials. Tourists who accept candy, biscuits, or juice from new acquaintances on intercity buses have been robbed after being drugged by food laced with sedatives. Highway banditry is common on the roads leading to the Somali border. Air travel is the safest means of transportation when visiting any of the coastal resorts north of Malindi. Walking alone or at night in public parks, along footpaths or beaches and in poorly lit areas can be dangerous. The Kenyan mail system can be unreliable, and monetary instruments (credit cards, checks, etc.) are frequently stolen. International couriers such as Federal Express or DHL have proven to be the safest means of shipping envelopes and packages. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Up to 100,000 Kenyan shillings may be taken out of the country. Destruction of Kenyan currency, even in small amounts, is illegal, and almost always results in arrest and a fine. Game Park Security: Highway banditry is occasionally a problem in or near some game parks or reserves. In recent months, a number of tour vehicles ferrying European tourists from beach resorts north of Mombasa to Tsavo East National Park Have been targets of bandit activity. Travelers who do not use the services of reputable travel firms or knowledgeable guides or drivers are especially at risk. Safaris are best undertaken with a minimum of two vehicles so that there is a backup in case of mechanical failure or other emergency. Solo camping is always risky. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. The penalty for possession of illegal drugs, including marijuana, is 10 years imprisonment, with no option of fine. The penalty for purchasing or selling illegal drugs, including marijuana, is 20 years imprisonment, with no option of fine. Other Information: Water in Nairobi is potable. In other parts of the country, water must be boiled or bottled water used. Travel by passenger train may be unsafe, particularly during the rainy season, because of the lack of routine maintenance and safety checks. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens are encouraged to register at the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi and may obtain updated information on travel and security in Kenya. The U.S. Embassy is located at the intersection of Moi and Haile Selassie Avenues in Nairobi; the telephone number is (254-2) 334141. The international mailing address is P.O. BOX 30137 Nairobi, Kenya. Mail using domestic postage may be addressed to Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831. No. 95-141 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued October 28, 1994, to update information concerning game park security. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Kenya ============================================================ Kenya - Public Announcement April 8, 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The U.S. Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya has issued the following announcement: "The U.S. Embassy and several private institutions in Kenya have recently received bomb threats that profess to be directed against American interests in Kenya. To date, none of the threats has proved real, nor does the Embassy have any information that would lead us to believe that the threats will actually be carried out. Nevertheless, we must take these threats seriously. All Americans should heighten their security awareness and avoid unnecessary attention to their person or activities. The Embassy recommends that Americans pay particular attention to any indication of surveillance or other unusual or suspect activity, which should be reported to appropriate authorities immediately. The Embassy should be informed of any threats against private American concerns or individuals." No. 94-ccc ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Kenya ============================================================ Kenya - Consular Information Sheet November 9, 1995 Country Description: Kenya is a developing east African country. Tourist facilities are widely available in Nairobi, on the coast, and in the game parks and reserves. Entry Requirements: Entry information (and information about departure tax) may be obtained from the Embassy of Kenya, 2249 R Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 387-6101, or Consulates General in Los Angeles and New York City. Overseas, inquiries may be made at the nearest Kenyan embassy or consulate. Areas of Instability: Kenya is in a political transition period, from a single-party democracy to a multi-party democracy. From time to time, political or ethnic tensions, associated with this transition, increase--resulting in localized areas of instability, disruption of public services, and sporadic demonstrations. These ethnic and political clashes have had no affect on tourism and have little potential to do so in the future. Medical Facilities: Adequate medical services are available in Nairobi. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for the payment of medical services outside the United States. Supplemental insurance with specific overseas coverage, including air evacuations, has proved useful. Information on other health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: There is a high rate of street crime against tourists in downtown Nairobi, Mombasa and at coastal beach resorts. Reports of attacks against tourists by groups of two or more armed assailants have increased in recent months. Pickpockets and thieves also carry out "snatch and run" crimes near crowds. Visitors have found it safer not to carry valuables with them, but to store all valuables in hotel safety deposit boxes or safe rooms. There have been reports of thieves snatching jewelry and other objects from open vehicle windows while motorists are either stopped at a traffic light or in heavy traffic. Armed carjackings are increasingly common in Nairobi, with some ten vehicles stolen by armed robbers each day. There is also a high incidence of residential break-ins. Thieves and con men have been known to impersonate hotel employees, police officers or government officials. Tourists who accept candy, biscuits, or juice from new acquaintances on intercity buses have been robbed after being drugged by food laced with sedatives. Highway banditry is common on the roads leading to the Somali border. Air travel is the safest means of transportation when visiting any of the coastal resorts north of Malindi. Walking alone or at night in public parks, along footpaths or beaches and in poorly lit areas can be dangerous. The Kenyan mail system can be unreliable, and monetary instruments (credit cards, checks, etc.) are frequently stolen. International couriers such as Federal Express or DHL have proven to be the safest means of shipping envelopes and packages. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Up to 100,000 Kenyan shillings may be taken out of the country. Destruction of Kenyan currency, even in small amounts, is illegal, and almost always results in arrest and a fine. Game Park Security: Highway banditry is occasionally a problem in or near some game parks or reserves. In recent months, a number of tour vehicles ferrying European tourists from beach resorts north of Mombasa to Tsavo East National Park Have been targets of bandit activity. Travelers who do not use the services of reputable travel firms or knowledgeable guides or drivers are especially at risk. Safaris are best undertaken with a minimum of two vehicles so that there is a backup in case of mechanical failure or other emergency. Solo camping is always risky. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. The penalty for possession of illegal drugs, including marijuana, is 10 years imprisonment, with no option of fine. The penalty for purchasing or selling illegal drugs, including marijuana, is 20 years imprisonment, with no option of fine. Other Information: Water in Nairobi is potable. In other parts of the country, water must be boiled or bottled water used. Travel by passenger train may be unsafe, particularly during the rainy season, because of the lack of routine maintenance and safety checks. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens are encouraged to register at the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi and may obtain updated information on travel and security in Kenya. The U.S. Embassy is located at the intersection of Moi and Haile Selassie Avenues in Nairobi; the telephone number is (254-2) 334141. The international mailing address is P.O. BOX 30137 Nairobi, Kenya. Mail using domestic postage may be addressed to Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831. No. 95-141 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued October 28, 1994, to update information concerning game park security. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_3 Photo_2 Photo_1 Photo_4 Photo_5 movie_1 6]9?9 >s66" CU6]`9 t99rh 99HWx 99rr99 H9HWz 99r]9]6| 6h99H 99CW} JWCY9 s+TY9 EP99rh ?r?[9 ~99~~9~ 9]~9h) oW?T~9o ^tJTTrh- W?~hT1 D77,$lR$ R77,$ E.:'x..A KS'..'EC%9 F>ObsO 9toW) qc:cc p 06sOs6sF>O KA'c'AcKE O6>6X0 Rll7l7 7D$Dll 0b;O" &-&&- BO)bXX>OOb ?9]E)o OX606 7$77DRlRD7 CrC9HHht?9 ObbsX>s ??9HoU ':'.'' ::#x'x 6>b)>F" q KK4[ XTrZe X0F6F) A:'[A#[ 8K#. zkxqx O>OO> OsO6OF "6)"O0X>b XsOX0 CPHPHPHP HPHPHPHPHP HPHPHPH 2I5\I 5IIj\II\Z @55I5\ PCCHTC w!\\I` 5\K5\I 2G=G== G==G=G=Qg= G=QQ=G==G= =G==G==G 9?9]O 9?9]O )r9?^p LP99C T]]TT?h? 9?9]O GQQGGQ=G=Q rhhrhrhrhr Ph9C9 K'cKy &e?29 S.A.' 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Kiribati Map Button Image "("( THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kiribati Geography Location: Oceania, group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator and the International Date Line, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 717 sq km land area: 717 sq km comparative area: slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 1,143 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds Terrain: mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs Natural resources: phosphate (production discontinued in 1979) Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 51% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 3% other: 46% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change Note: 20 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia and Nauru THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kiribati People Population: 79,386 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 1.95% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 31.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.31 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 98.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 54.16 years male: 52.56 years female: 55.78 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.73 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural) adjective: I-Kiribati Ethnic divisions: Micronesian Religions: Roman Catholic 52.6%, Protestant (Congregational) 40.9%, Seventh-Day Adventist, Baha'i, Church of God, Mormon 6% (1985) Languages: English (official), Gilbertese Literacy: NA% Labor force: 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kiribati Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati conventional short form: Kiribati former: Gilbert Islands Digraph: KR Type: republic Capital: Tarawa Administrative divisions: 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands note: in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina; note - one council for each of the inhabited islands) Independence: 12 July 1979 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 12 July (1979) Constitution: 12 July 1979 Legal system: NA Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President (Beretitenti) Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President (Kauoman-ni-Beretitenti) Tewareka TENTOA (since 12 October 1994); election last held on 30 September 1994 (next to be held by NA 1999) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president from an elected parliament Legislative branch: unicameral House of Assembly (Maneaba Ni Maungatabu): elections last held on 22 July 1994 (next to be held by NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (40 total; 39 elected) Maneaban Te Mauri 13, National Progressive Party 7, independents 19 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court Political parties and leaders: National Progressive Party, Teatao TEANNAKI; Christian Democratic Party, Teburoro TITO; New Movement Party, leader NA; Liberal Party, Tewareka TENTOA; Maneaba Party, Roniti TEIWAKI; Maneaban Te Mauri, leader NA note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures Member of: ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kiribati Government Diplomatic representation in US: Kiribati has no mission in the US US diplomatic representation: the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati Flag: the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kiribati Economy Overview: A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Real GDP declined about 5% in 1987, as the fish catch fell sharply to only one-fourth the level of 1986 and copra production was hampered by repeated rains. Output rebounded strongly in 1988, with real GDP growing by 10%. The upturn in economic growth came from an increase in copra production and a good fish catch. GDP then fell by 2.2% in 1989 and by 2.9% in 1990, but has risen by about 3% annually in 1991-93. Foreign financial aid, largely from the UK and Japan, is a critical supplement to GDP, amounting to 25%-50% of GDP in recent years. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $62 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.9% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $800 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.5% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $29.6 million expenditures: $32.8 million, including capital expenditures of $14 million (1993 est.) Exports: $4.2 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.) commodities: copra 50%, seaweed 16%, fish 15% partners: Denmark, Fiji, US Imports: $33.1 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel partners: Australia 40%, Japan 18%, Fiji 17%, NZ 6%, US 4% (1991) External debt: $2 million (December 1989 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 0.7% (1992 est.); accounts for less than 4% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 5,000 kW production: 13 million kWh consumption per capita: 131 kWh (1993) Industries: fishing, handicrafts Agriculture: accounts for 23% of GDP (including fishing); copra and fish contribute about 65% to exports; subsistence farming predominates; food crops - taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; not self-sufficient in food THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kiribati Economy Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $273 million Currency: 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990) Fiscal year: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kiribati Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 640 km paved: NA unpaved: NA Inland waterways: small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Line Islands Ports: Banaba, Betio, English Harbor, Kanton Merchant marine: total: 1 passenger-cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT Airports: 21 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 5 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 11 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kiribati Communications Telephone system: 1,400 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kiribati Defense Forces Branches: Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; there are small police posts on all islands); no military force is maintained Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP KIRIBATI (formerly Gilbert Islands) - Passport and visa required. For additional information consult British Embassy (202/462-1340). Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights KIRIBATI *868{G h8T8M language UU['W Zqq'| I`e\WWb >I0*> /II// \W}wW\ >I*I/ I//*/ bW}wW\ ;GP%5] ~Wb\Wt K;%G;53 pW\dW bWbWW b\\W\bd\\b dW\@W Wh\WW\ bWW\W ybW}ty }lyw} w}iW\W \\W\\WwpW\ W}iWi~W\ bW~iWywW\ dbWyt\yy wwswW~ wpWdWd\\d \\bd\\WiW hWW\WW\\ \\W\\ \\WW\ \\WW\ \W\\W\ WWUWL \\b\\WWb }W\Wb bW[Wj htWlpWWlpW \WpwWbtihW W\wWti wyh\WbW\W\ \\dWii'W }W\Wii b\Wb\\b b\b\WiiW[W ihbibW\/W \bWbW \WW\+W h\WWl lWlpWp bhW\W\ bb\\b\\b wW\)W hWbbiW W\\dW W\WWi \W\!W hibw\ \\WiiW[Wj Wb\b\ }W\\b WbW[Wj WdWW\Wp pliWW\tlpW Wbbhd \bW\WdiWW\ h\bhd b\\dW\WWb\ \dWi\ ipWhi \pWit \dbhbd\\b \Wwp W Wb\Wb WWbbd\b Wib'W W\W\\=W F:? = bWW\W W\W\bWbW\\ bb\,W MYMYMY MYMYMYMYYM MMYMYMYMYM YMYMYMYYE \}Wl~Wsyly WlwytW~il iysW~l+W _Q@_[W WZ[9B@BWl 9Qq""BWp \WWbW \\W\WW\\ \WWdW ZB""JTl b\bbW\W ZW@BVe ywWtdiwpid WWlwli\WbW b\\W\\W\WW b\\&W [WWdhdWWh\ W\hddbW\hW \dWhWd\\h%W l~W\`W WWhd^W \\b\\WW WWb\\WW\\b \\W\\PW Nz#"#2 \\W\\W W\\W\:W nz"-#Fz b\\d\b\ \bWWb;W tpWplWh}pW \Wb\;W }~W\8W wyWwpp:W wwtwW\8W bWb\WdWW\ W\bWbb\bb lpww,s wppeUU ==?DD=DD=? D?=DD=DD: C=J 5+5+5+5 @saZP F@ZPZ 6IE_6O6 6_!06O6 m}|_q Pja@aPja mqkmq \E|?k e-|e0} NVyl.J &_mO\\q E_OMEW_|W -MOm< \6OE!WMm< E?<\<_-I_M W!\&I\ F@P@j+ Fs@FjF JDJDJDJDJD asjssja ZhJJV NNJNhvb PPa@+ nJJN&J vvNvJ 747 JJhVh JVvV8J VyoG2 j5aZFj @P++j@aP Z5Z+sP5@P svNnN (,(,,( p}p|p} /))/) /)/)/))Xi ))/)/)/)/) /)/)/)); IWE?M 0m>-0IW0 z/;4;4; 4;4;4=) IMqOO6 !O|0}6OO Mg gMMgMMgM gM>gM gMMgMMgMM YYfMY eekee eekee eekee eekee eekee eekee Korea South Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights korea_s x8dot3 Korean language 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Korea, South Geography Location: Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea, south of North Korea Map references: Asia Area: total area: 98,480 sq km land area: 98,190 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Indiana Land boundaries: total 238 km, North Korea 238 km Coastline: 2,413 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: not specified territorial sea: 12 nm; 3 nm in the Korea Strait International disputes: Demarcation Line with North Korea; Liancourt Rocks claimed by Japan Climate: temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter Terrain: mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south Natural resources: coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower Land use: arable land: 21% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 1% forest and woodland: 67% other: 10% Irrigated land: 13,530 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: air pollution in large cities; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; driftnet fishing natural hazards: occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; earthquakes in southwest international agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Korea, South People Population: 45,553,882 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 24% (female 5,280,998; male 5,640,789) 15-64 years: 71% (female 15,877,182; male 16,291,183) 65 years and over: 5% (female 1,554,512; male 909,218) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.04% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.63 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 20.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.89 years male: 67.69 years female: 74.29 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.66 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean Ethnic divisions: homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese) Religions: Christianity 48.6%, Buddhism 47.4%, Confucianism 3%, pervasive folk religion (shamanism), Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) 0.2% Languages: Korean, English widely taught in high school Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 96% male: 99% female: 94% Labor force: 20 million by occupation: services and other 52%, mining and manufacturing 27%, agriculture, fishing, forestry 21% (1991) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Korea, South Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Korea conventional short form: South Korea local long form: Taehan-min'guk local short form: none note: the South Koreans generally use the term "Hanguk" to refer to their country Abbreviation: ROK Digraph: KS Type: republic Capital: Seoul Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 6 special cities* (jikhalsi, singular and plural); Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto, Cholla-namdo, Ch'ungch'ong-bukto, Ch'ungch'ong-namdo, Inch'on-jikhalsi*, Kangwon-do, Kwangju-jikhalsi*, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto, Kyongsang-namdo, Pusan-jikhalsi*, Soul-t'ukpyolsi*, Taegu-jikhalsi*, Taejon-jikhalsi* Independence: 15 August 1948 National holiday: Independence Day, 15 August (1948) Constitution: 25 February 1988 Legal system: combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President KIM Yong-sam (since 25 February 1993); election last held on 18 December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1997); results - KIM Yong-sam (DLP) 41.9%, KIM Tae-chung (DP) 33.8%, CHONG Chu-yong (UPP) 16.3%, other 8% head of government: Prime Minister YI Hong-ku (since 17 December 1994); Deputy Prime Minister HONG Chae-yong (since 4 October 1994) and Deputy Prime Minister KIM Tok (since 23 December 1994) cabinet: State Council; appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Kukhoe): elections last held on 24 March 1992; results - DLP 38.5%, DP 29.2%, Unification National Party (UNP) 17.3% (name later changed to UPP), other 15%; seats - (299 total) DLP 149, DP 97, UNP 31, other 22; the distribution of seats as of January 1994 was DLP 172, DP 96, UPP 11, other 20 note: the change in the distribution of seats reflects the fluidity of the current situation where party members are constantly switching from one party to another THE WORLD FACTBOOK Korea, South Government Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: majority party: Democratic Liberal Party (DLP), KIM Yong-sam, president opposition: Democratic Party (DP), YI Ki-taek, executive chairman; United People's Party (UPP), KIM Tong-kil, chairman; several smaller parties note: the DLP resulted from a merger of the Democratic Justice Party (DJP), Reunification Democratic Party (RDP), and New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP) on 9 February 1990 Other political or pressure groups: Korean National Council of Churches; National Democratic Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Student Associations; National Federation of Farmers' Associations; National Council of Labor Unions; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; Federation of Korean Industries; Korean Traders Association Member of: AfDB, APEC, AsDB, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, OAS (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador PAK Kun-u chancery: 2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-5600 consulate(s) general: Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador James T. LANEY embassy: 82 Sejong-Ro, Chongro-ku, Seoul mailing address: American Embassy, Unit 15550, Seoul; APO AP 96205-0001 telephone: [82] (2) 397-4114 FAX: [82] (2) 738-8845 consulate(s): Pusan Flag: white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field THE WORLD FACTBOOK Korea, South Economy Overview: The driving force behind the economy's dynamic growth has been the planned development of an export-oriented economy in a vigorously entrepreneurial society. Real GDP increased more than 10% annually between 1986 and 1991. This growth ultimately led to an overheated situation characterized by a tight labor market, strong inflationary pressures, and a rapidly rising current account deficit. As a result, in 1992, economic policy focused on slowing the growth rate of inflation and reducing the deficit. Annual growth slowed to 5%, still above the rate in most other countries of the world, and recovered to 6.3% in 1993. The economy expanded by 8.3% in 1994, driven by booming exports. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $508.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 8.3% (1994) National product per capita: $11,270 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.6% (1994) Unemployment rate: 2% (November 1994) Budget: revenues: $63 billion expenditures: $63 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.) Exports: $96.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: electronic and electrical equipment, machinery, steel, automobiles, ships, textiles, clothing, footwear, fish partners: US 26%, Japan 17%, EU 14% Imports: $102.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grains partners: Japan 26%, US 24%, EU 15% External debt: $44.1 billion (1993) Industrial production: growth rate 12.1% (1994 est.); accounts for about 45% of GNP Electricity: capacity: 26,940,000 kW production: 137 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,847 kWh (1993) Industries: electronics, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel, textiles, clothing, footwear, food processing THE WORLD FACTBOOK Korea, South Economy Agriculture: accounts for 8% of GDP and employs 21% of work force (including fishing and forestry); principal crops - rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; livestock and livestock products - cattle, hogs, chickens, milk, eggs; self-sufficient in food, except for wheat; fish catch of 2.9 million metric tons, seventh-largest in world Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.9 billion; non-US countries (1970-89), $3 billion Currency: 1 South Korean won (W) = 100 chun (theoretical) Exchange rates: South Korean won (W) per US$1 - 790.48 (January 1995), 803.44 (1994), 802.67 (1993), 780.65 (1992), 733.35 (1991), 707.76 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Korea, South Transportation Railroads: total: 6,763 km standard gauge: 6,716 km 1.435-meter gauge (525 km electrified; 847 km double track) narrow gauge: 47 km 0.610-meter gauge Highways: total: 63,200 km paved: expressways 1,550 km unpaved: NA undifferentiated: national highway 12,190 km; provincial, local roads 49,460 km (1991) Inland waterways: 1,609 km; use restricted to small native craft Pipelines: petroleum products 455 km Ports: Chinhae, Inch'on, Kunsan, Masan, Mokp'o, Pohang, Pusan, Ulsan, Yosu Merchant marine: total: 412 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,129,796 GRT/9,985,197 DWT ships by type: bulk 123, cargo 125, chemical tanker 17, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, container 61, liquefied gas tanker 13, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 51, refrigerated cargo 9, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 9 Airports: total: 114 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 22 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 14 with paved runways under 914 m: 63 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Korea, South Communications Telephone system: 13.3 million telephones; excellent domestic and international services local: NA intercity: NA international: 3 INTELSAT (2 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 79, FM 46, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 256 (1 kW or greater 57) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Korea, South Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, National Maritime Police (Coast Guard) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 13,580,832; males fit for military service 8,701,742; males reach military age (18) annually 405,290 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $14 billion, 3.3% of GNP (1995 est.) @KOREA, REPUBLIC OF (South Korea) - Passport required. Visa not required for a tourist stay up to 15 days. For longer stays and other types of travel, visa must be obtained in advance. Tourist visa for longer stay requires 1 application form and 1 photo. Business visa requires 1 application form, 1 photo and company letter. Fine imposed for overstaying visa and for long-term visa holders not registered within 60 days after entry. AIDS test required for anyone staying over 90 days. U.S. test accepted. For further information check Embassy of the Republic of Korea, (Consular Division), 2600 Virginia Ave., N.W., Suite 208, Washington, D.C. 20037 (202/939-5660/63) or nearest Consulate General: AK (907/561-5488), CA (213/385-9300 and 415/921-2251), FL (305/372-1555), GA (404/522-1611), Guam (671/472-6109), HI (808/595-6109), IL (312/822-9485), MA (617/348-3660), NY (212/752-1700), TX (713/961-0186) or WA (206/441-1011). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - South Korea ============================================================ South Korea - Consular Information Sheet September 20, 1995 Country Description: The Republic of Korea is a highly developed, stable, democratic republic with powers shared between the president and the legislature. It has a modern economy, and tourist facilities are widely available. English is not often spoken outside the main tourist and business centers. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Visas are not required for tourist or business stays of up to fifteen days (the day of arrival counts as day number one). For longer stays and other types of travel, visas must be obtained in advance. Changes of status from one type of visa to another (from tourism to teaching, for example) are not normally granted in country. Applicants must depart and apply for new visas at an embassy or consulate outside Korea. Specific requirements are available through the Embassy of the Republic of Korea at 2320 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 939-5660/63, or the nearest consulate in major U.S. cities. Medical Facilities: Health care facilities in the Republic of Korea are good. Doctors and hospitals are usually unable to bill foreign health insurance plans for services. Therefore, cash payment for health services is often expected. Some U.S. medical insurance does not cover services outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage including provision for medical evacuation has proven useful. The U.S. Embassy in Seoul and the U.S. Consulate in Pusan have lists of hospitals and medical specialists who speak English. The International Travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (404) 332-4559 has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Although the crime rate in the Republic of Korea is low, pickpocketing, purse-snatching, hotel room burglaries, and residential crime do occur, and foreigners can be targeted. In addition, increased incidents of physical attacks on foreigners, including sexual harassment, molestation and rape, have been recently reported. Travelers can reduce the likelihood of encountering such incidents by taking the same precautions that they would take in the urban United States. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Korean National Police (KNP) operate a Central Interpretation Center (CIC) where foreigners can report incidents of crime. The CIC is available on a twenty-four hour, seven-day-a-week basis. In Seoul, call telephone number 313-0842; outside of Seoul, call (02) 313-0842. The Embassy has found, however, that English speakers are not often available at the CIC, so it is best to ask a Korean speaker to place the call. Useful information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad". It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Legal Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect stiff jail sentences and fines. Travelers should also be careful to adhere to Korean government regulations on currency exchange and customs declarations. Passport Seizures/Exit Bans and Commercial Disputes: The Government of Korea sometimes seizes the passports and blocks the departure from Korea of foreigners involved in commercial disputes. In such circumstances, the U.S. Government will re-issue a passport to an American citizen who applies for one. The Korean exit ban, however, will remain in effect, thereby preventing departure. Demonstrations: Demonstrations by dissident groups, sometimes confrontational and even violent, occasionally occur. While many have anti-U.S. themes, it is unlikely that violence would be directed against individual U.S. citizen travelers. Individuals can reduce risk to themselves by avoiding such demonstrations to the extent possible. Teaching of English: The U.S. Embassy in Seoul receives numerous complaints from Americans who have come to Korea to teach English under contract with private language academies (hagwons). These are profit-oriented businesses unregulated by the Korean government. Despite contract language promising good salaries, furnished apartments and other amenities, many teachers find they actually receive much less than they were promised, and some do not even receive benefits required by Korean law, such as health insurance and severance pay. Teachers' complaints include contract violations, non-payment of salary for months at a time, sexual harassment, intimidation, threats of arrest/deportation, and physical assault. A comprehensive handout entitled "Teaching English in Korea: Opportunities and Pitfalls" may be obtained by writing to the Embassy. Dual Citizenship: The government of the Republic of Korea does not permit dual citizenship after the age of 18. Holders of dual citizenship who work or study in Korea usually find themselves compelled to choose one or the other nationality soon after that age. The Embassy is aware of several instances in which young Korean-American men who were born and lived all their lives in the U.S. arrived in Korea for a tourist visit only to find themselves drafted into the Korean army. Because dual citizenship is not permitted, authorities refuse to recognize any but the Korean citizenship of these men. This interpretation has been recently upheld by the Korean court. When this occurs, the Embassy cannot intervene. Korean-Americans may request further information from the nearest Korean Consulate. Adoption: Adoption of Korean children by foreign nationals is still permitted, and is carefully regulated. Any non-Korean wishing to adopt a Korean child is required to work through one of the four government-licensed adoption agencies. This includes American citizens of Korean extraction who wish to adopt the Korean citizen child of a family member. Private adoptions are not allowed. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy or Consulate can obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) is located at 82 Sejong-Ro, Chongro-ku, Seoul - Telephone (82-2) 397-4114. The U.S. Consulate is located in Pusan at 24 2-Ka, Daechung Dong, Chung-Ku - Telephone (82-51) 246-7791. No. 95-116 This replaces the consular information sheet dated March 21, 1995, and provides updated information on English teaching in Korea. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - South Korea ============================================================ South Korea - Consular Information Sheet September 20, 1995 Country Description: The Republic of Korea is a highly developed, stable, democratic republic with powers shared between the president and the legislature. It has a modern economy, and tourist facilities are widely available. English is not often spoken outside the main tourist and business centers. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Visas are not required for tourist or business stays of up to fifteen days (the day of arrival counts as day number one). For longer stays and other types of travel, visas must be obtained in advance. Changes of status from one type of visa to another (from tourism to teaching, for example) are not normally granted in country. Applicants must depart and apply for new visas at an embassy or consulate outside Korea. Specific requirements are available through the Embassy of the Republic of Korea at 2320 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 939-5660/63, or the nearest consulate in major U.S. cities. Medical Facilities: Health care facilities in the Republic of Korea are good. Doctors and hospitals are usually unable to bill foreign health insurance plans for services. Therefore, cash payment for health services is often expected. Some U.S. medical insurance does not cover services outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage including provision for medical evacuation has proven useful. The U.S. Embassy in Seoul and the U.S. Consulate in Pusan have lists of hospitals and medical specialists who speak English. The International Travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (404) 332-4559 has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Although the crime rate in the Republic of Korea is low, pickpocketing, purse-snatching, hotel room burglaries, and residential crime do occur, and foreigners can be targeted. In addition, increased incidents of physical attacks on foreigners, including sexual harassment, molestation and rape, have been recently reported. Travelers can reduce the likelihood of encountering such incidents by taking the same precautions that they would take in the urban United States. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Korean National Police (KNP) operate a Central Interpretation Center (CIC) where foreigners can report incidents of crime. The CIC is available on a twenty-four hour, seven-day-a-week basis. In Seoul, call telephone number 313-0842; outside of Seoul, call (02) 313-0842. The Embassy has found, however, that English speakers are not often available at the CIC, so it is best to ask a Korean speaker to place the call. Useful information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad". It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Legal Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect stiff jail sentences and fines. Travelers should also be careful to adhere to Korean government regulations on currency exchange and customs declarations. Passport Seizures/Exit Bans and Commercial Disputes: The Government of Korea sometimes seizes the passports and blocks the departure from Korea of foreigners involved in commercial disputes. In such circumstances, the U.S. Government will re-issue a passport to an American citizen who applies for one. The Korean exit ban, however, will remain in effect, thereby preventing departure. Demonstrations: Demonstrations by dissident groups, sometimes confrontational and even violent, occasionally occur. While many have anti-U.S. themes, it is unlikely that violence would be directed against individual U.S. citizen travelers. Individuals can reduce risk to themselves by avoiding such demonstrations to the extent possible. Teaching of English: The U.S. Embassy in Seoul receives numerous complaints from Americans who have come to Korea to teach English under contract with private language academies (hagwons). These are profit-oriented businesses unregulated by the Korean government. Despite contract language promising good salaries, furnished apartments and other amenities, many teachers find they actually receive much less than they were promised, and some do not even receive benefits required by Korean law, such as health insurance and severance pay. Teachers' complaints include contract violations, non-payment of salary for months at a time, sexual harassment, intimidation, threats of arrest/deportation, and physical assault. A comprehensive handout entitled "Teaching English in Korea: Opportunities and Pitfalls" may be obtained by writing to the Embassy. Dual Citizenship: The government of the Republic of Korea does not permit dual citizenship after the age of 18. Holders of dual citizenship who work or study in Korea usually find themselves compelled to choose one or the other nationality soon after that age. The Embassy is aware of several instances in which young Korean-American men who were born and lived all their lives in the U.S. arrived in Korea for a tourist visit only to find themselves drafted into the Korean army. Because dual citizenship is not permitted, authorities refuse to recognize any but the Korean citizenship of these men. This interpretation has been recently upheld by the Korean court. When this occurs, the Embassy cannot intervene. Korean-Americans may request further information from the nearest Korean Consulate. Adoption: Adoption of Korean children by foreign nationals is still permitted, and is carefully regulated. Any non-Korean wishing to adopt a Korean child is required to work through one of the four government-licensed adoption agencies. This includes American citizens of Korean extraction who wish to adopt the Korean citizen child of a family member. Private adoptions are not allowed. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy or Consulate can obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) is located at 82 Sejong-Ro, Chongro-ku, Seoul - Telephone (82-2) 397-4114. The U.S. Consulate is located in Pusan at 24 2-Ka, Daechung Dong, Chung-Ku - Telephone (82-51) 246-7791. No. 95-116 This replaces the consular information sheet dated March 21, 1995, and provides updated information on English teaching in Korea. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 Photo_2 Ni3F;3Lt %:`;o _F33?_ };3jA TX?jA SL?iv 33?a@3 LDvVF ;?3;Lq VFVL33; ;ja3L aV;?q ;OZat x33;L FG%a3qZ ^L33Fx F}a?aLj?FFK3 Z}?;33sKxa ?a;3i+" }?V3a? =j33FI XOO&3 3}F#3 ?nisaO lnj3?c: vv1+K+9 ?a9t'3 Vjcc+ 33;L33 r*f@H R@YHfYYr 8**H*H Y$@88H H*8H*Y wwbrrf|| *m*b$@R 3)3)3 vZAA+l Zv9lKZ qq`q; $H*@H0*0@8 +9A1Av" $ww** H$r8f vK91v 91ZZl R*@@$ %KlKvA99lA KvKZlZ% b$H0H0$R$ R$R$08 @088f*f j3q?A3 i33??; '#'#' #'#'#'#' '4' C Dh00R # # # # # # ## 3?3F;W3 ;n+1tq;H3 ?3}v% 9ta3L ?};.3 o3}A_ e~~ze ?a?;;?3;a? ;;?3a ?V;3V;%3 +@0R0r b0R0H F;jF3;aL 3a?%3 JyJyyJ ;3aL73 *8PH8* *$0Y( *c8** DRH*@($8% =9"S_ *8f$8R0 @@f*f n33``L3V \65We&\\56 5W5,5f,6\W \ #\u ,6WWP5 Hh\,W \\566HW~\& ?VL'V \\Ph\\W;]P W]mPePrW AA=AA conFGT %};33LGS 33M[u (yyX! ?q3;3F;?3; FF;F3??3;L q;}L3L tax;43 3;;C3 ccoi3 L:3); 3 "s3V?@3 qj? 3 q33?j;73 xaV 3 ## #' .4' ## ## .'# #. .'.. ##'4'..#4# .## #.## # +};!3 "+xV43 L^t(3 F33Vcn '##'## '#'##' 'CC ' ##44 .C4C4#C4C4 # ## Jy!yyJ t;3?LLp3 aj?aV 3LVjqj 3jVqV cs;13 q}FL}VV33 q?V;V aL?}L?L3q F;j33a L?3;3F?F?3 ;3;?; ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; ]pp2pp /7pp22 22pp= 4pp7p 24pp/ 7pp2H pp2pp 6R6E6R %%+A[ $.1Q: 8b6E( [h;o" 6R6Q1! F6R6R6 11010 90010 0100101101 0-11y 9081080 0800808090 ,-1,- 01011 9091800 ,19988 101,01 -0010 1,110 11010 1y1--0y1,0 1y01y 11911,0 0y-,0 110101, y11y9y1 00101-,1 y1y-101 01y0yy101 yy11y0 y00,0 -19001 19119 -11-1 10101 1-1010-- -018900 1-1y11 00101 ,1-11 --11: Kuwait Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights KUWAIT x8dot3 Arabic language 0 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kuwait Geography Location: Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia Map references: Middle East Area: total area: 17,820 sq km land area: 17,820 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than New Jersey Land boundaries: total 464 km, Iraq 242 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km Coastline: 499 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: in November 1994, Iraq formally accepted the UN-demarcated border with Kuwait which had been spelled out in Security Council Resolutions 687 (1991), 773 (1993), and 883 (1993); this formally ends earlier claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah islands; ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands disputed by Saudi Arabia Climate: dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters Terrain: flat to slightly undulating desert plain Natural resources: petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 8% forest and woodland: 0% other: 92% Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: limited natural fresh water resources; some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water; air and water pollution; desertification natural hazards: sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April, they bring inordinate amounts of rain which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and duststorms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping Note: strategic location at head of Persian Gulf THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kuwait People Population: 1,817,397 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 34% (female 302,908; male 319,659) 15-64 years: 64% (female 467,163; male 697,849) 65 years and over: 2% (female 13,476; male 16,342) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 7.46% (1995 est.) note: this rate reflects the continued post-Gulf crisis return of nationals and expatriates Birth rate: 21.07 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 2.2 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 55.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 11.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.64 years male: 73.33 years female: 78.06 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.93 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Kuwaiti(s) adjective: Kuwaiti Ethnic divisions: Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7% Religions: Muslim 85% (Shi'a 30%, Sunni 45%, other 10%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15% Languages: Arabic (official), English widely spoken Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1985) total population: 74% male: 78% female: 69% Labor force: 566,000 (1986) by occupation: services 45.0%, construction 20.0%, trade 12.0%, manufacturing 8.6%, finance and real estate 2.6%, agriculture 1.9%, power and water 1.7%, mining and quarrying 1.4% note: 70% of labor force non-Kuwaiti (1986) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kuwait Government Names: conventional long form: State of Kuwait conventional short form: Kuwait local long form: Dawlat al Kuwayt local short form: Al Kuwayt Digraph: KU Type: nominal constitutional monarchy Capital: Kuwait Administrative divisions: 5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al 'Ahmadi, Al Jahrah, Al Kuwayt, Hawalli, Al Farwaniyah Independence: 19 June 1961 (from UK) National holiday: National Day, 25 February (1948) Constitution: approved and promulgated 11 November 1962 Legal system: civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: adult males who resided in Kuwait before 1920 and their male descendants at age 21 note: only 10% of all citizens are eligible to vote; in 1996, naturalized citizens who do not meet the pre-1920 qualification but have been naturalized for thirty years will be eligible to vote Executive branch: chief of state: Amir Shaykh JABIR al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah (since 31 December 1977) head of government: Prime Minister and Crown Prince SAAD al-Abdallah al-Salim Al Sabah (since 8 February 1978); Deputy Prime Minister SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah (since 17 October 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the Prime Minister and approved by the Amir Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Majlis al-umma): dissolved 3 July 1986; new elections were held on 5 October 1992 with a second election in the 14th and 16th constituencies held February 1993 Judicial branch: High Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: none Other political or pressure groups: small, clandestine leftist and Shi'a fundamentalist groups are active; several groups critical of government policies are publicly active THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kuwait Government Member of: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador MUHAMMAD al-Sabah al-Salim Al SABAH chancery: 2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 966-0702 FAX: [1] (202) 966-0517 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Ryan C. CROCKER embassy: Bneid al-Gar (opposite the Kuwait International Hotel), Kuwait City mailing address: P.O. Box 77 SAFAT, 13001 SAFAT, Kuwait; Unit 69000, Kuwait; APO AE 09880-9000 telephone: [965] 2424151 through 2424159 FAX: [965] 2442855 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kuwait Economy Overview: Kuwait is a small and relatively open economy with proved crude oil reserves of about 94 billion barrels - 10% of world reserves. Kuwait has rebuilt its war-ravaged petroleum sector; its crude oil production reached at least 2.0 million barrels per day by the end of 1993. The government ran a sizable fiscal deficit in 1993. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP and 90% of export and government revenues. Kuwait lacks water and has practically no arable land, thus preventing development of agriculture. With the exception of fish, it depends almost wholly on food imports. About 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported. Because of its high per capita income, comparable with Western European incomes, Kuwait provides its citizens with extensive health, educational, and retirement benefits. Per capita military expenditures are among the highest in the world. The economy improved moderately in 1994, with the growth in industry and finance, and should see further gains in 1995, especially if oil prices go up. The World Bank has urged Kuwait to push ahead with privatization, including in the oil industry, but the government will move slowly on this front. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $30.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 9.3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $16,900 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3% (1993) Unemployment rate: NEGL% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $9 billion expenditures: $13 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92/93) Exports: $10.5 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: oil partners: France 16%, Italy 15%, Japan 12%, UK 11% Imports: $6.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing partners: US 35%, Japan 12%, UK 9%, Canada 9% External debt: $7.2 billion (December 1989 est.) note: external debt has grown substantially in 1991 and 1992 to pay for restoration of war damage Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for NA% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 7,070,000 kW production: 11 billion kWh consumption per capita: 6,007 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kuwait Economy Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, desalination, food processing, building materials, salt, construction Agriculture: practically none; extensive fishing in territorial waters and Indian Ocean Economic aid: donor: pledged bilateral aid to less developed countries (1979-89), $18.3 billion Currency: 1 Kuwaiti dinar (KD) = 1,000 fils Exchange rates: Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US$1 - 0.2991 (January 1995), 0.2976 (1994), 0.3017 (1993), 0.2934 (1992), 0.2843 (1991), 0.2915 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kuwait Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 4,270 km paved: bituminous 3,370 km unpaved: gravel, sand, earth 900 km (est.) Pipelines: crude oil 877 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 165 km Ports: Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Kuwait, Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi, Mina' Su'ud Merchant marine: total: 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,202,558 GRT/3,618,527 DWT ships by type: cargo 9, container 3, liquefied gas tanker 7, livestock carrier 4, oil tanker 24 Airports: total: 8 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kuwait Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; civil network suffered extensive damage as a result of the Gulf war and reconstruction is still under way with some restored international and domestic capabilities local: NA intercity: NA international: earth stations destroyed during Gulf war and not rebuilt yet; temporary mobile satellite antennae provide international telecommunications; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; service to Iraq is nonoperational Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 3 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Kuwait Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, National Guard Manpower availability: males age 15-49 610,205; males fit for military service 363,735; males reach military age (18) annually 16,170 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.4 billion, 13.3% of GDP (1995) KUWAIT - Passport and visa required. AIDS test required for work visa; U.S. test accepted. For further information contact the Embassy of the State of Kuwait, 2940 Tilden St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/966-0702) or Consulate, 321 East 44th St., New York, NY 10017 (212/973-4318). Kuwait - Consular Information Sheet September 20, 1994 Country Description: Kuwait is a constitutional monarchy with a modern economy. Day-to-day life has returned to normal after the 1991 Gulf War, and facilities for travelers are widely available. The workweek in Kuwait is Saturday through Wednesday. Entry Requirements: Passports and visas are required for U.S. citizens traveling to Kuwait. For more information concerning entry requirements, travelers may contact the Embassy of Kuwait at 2940 Tilden St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 966-0702, or the Kuwaiti Consulate in New York City, telephone (212) 973-4318. Areas of Instability: Travel to and near the Iraq-Kuwait border is hazardous. In the past, persons found near the border were detained by Iraqi security forces, and were endangered by occasional exchanges of fire in the demilitarized zone near Iraq. U.S. citizens having legitimate work- related business near the border may receive information updates from the U.S. Embassy, and may also wish to consult their employer's security personnel. Unexploded bombs, mines, booby traps, and other items remain in open areas and beaches throughout Kuwait. U.S. Embassy personnel have been forbidden to travel off paved surfaces outside Kuwait city. In the past three years, there have been approximately six fire bombing incidents at movie theaters and video shops, as well as a shooting at an American company's residential complex. No serious casualties resulted from these incidents. Medical Facilities: The health care delivery system continues to rebuild, with many medical facilities, both government and private, available in Kuwait. Medical care at government-run clinics and hospitals is generally provided free of charge or at low cost to residents of Kuwait, while private physicians and hospitals charge a fee for services. Non-residents have found that private doctors, hospitals and clinics expect immediate cash payment for their services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Medevac insurance, for emergencies requiring treatment outside Kuwait, and supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage have proven useful. Specific health questions can be addressed to the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The crime rate in Kuwait is moderate. However, weapons left over from the 1991 Gulf War remain in the hands of the populace, and shooting incidents have occurred. Both physical and verbal harassment of women is a continuing problem. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Travelers checks and credit cards are widely accepted. Kuwaiti currency is readily convertible to U.S. dollars. Drugs and Other Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs, alcohol, or pornography are severe, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Religious proselytizing is not permitted. Terrorist Activities: The occasional bombings and shootings over the past three years have usually been directed against Kuwaiti targets. The U.S. Embassy can supply more detailed information to Americans in Kuwait on reducing the risk of becoming a target of a terrorist attack. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy may be enrolled in the Embassy's emergency alert network, and can obtain updated information on travel and security in Kuwait. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Kuwait is located on Gulf Road near the Safir International Hotel in Kuwait City, P.O. Box 77 Safat, 13001 SAFAT, Kuwait, phone [965] 242-4151 through 9. No. 94-221 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for Kuwait dated September 1, 1993, to update information on entry requirements, areas of instability, medical facilities, terrorist activities, and the address of the U.S. Embassy. Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 Photo_2 Photo_3 d_RdoX2R oNUMM\YMY2X TTXYUURUX3R _LX:R RTNd^NR o^KUAR roMU@R }RUAR dKXBR ksKVER _MYFR MXMMXGR ^LTXIR oLUKR VNN"R NNVRN }NXRXR LXRXR 76&)[&[/ LXRXR 7&77/&&*&/ LXRXR /[//&& LXRXR [/&[7 LXRXR LXRXR LXRXR (+%+(+(% LXRXR LXRXR LXRXR LXRXR 8xx8%i8x8 LXRXR ,-,:- LXRXR LXRXR ::5tB 5`GtB5j LXRXR LXRXR LXRXR ##7 LXRXR LXRXR #?##& LXRXR LXRXR LXRXR # # ## #& LXRXR _RU R C{,P,a `P-IP, LXRXR LXRXR RRKR? P-PG--G LXRXR LXRXR LXRXR }RX"R LXRXR XR\X"R LXRXR LXRXR URU$R GP,e:B P0C,0e,~ P:B05j-55: LXRXR dRU$R LXRXR c,:eB0 ,5t-G ,55,-G-w:e LXRXR |W4|g zLXRXR zLXRXR F]FnF _RU*R zLXRXR zLXRXR 1jciciP NRJbb zLXRXR D.4.4.4 .4.4.4. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; e' e8VoC eUV V p . . . .8U CbbUUbbo .. OOJ;; Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights x8dot3 , THE WORLD FACTBOOK Laos Geography Location: Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 236,800 sq km land area: 230,800 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Utah Land boundaries: total 5,083 km, Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km, Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: boundary dispute with Thailand Climate: tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April) Terrain: mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus Natural resources: timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones Land use: arable land: 4% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 58% other: 35% Irrigated land: 1,554 sq km (1992 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water natural hazards: floods, droughts, and blight international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Laos People Population: 4,837,237 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 45% (female 1,084,615; male 1,111,928) 15-64 years: 51% (female 1,280,142; male 1,199,149) 65 years and over: 4% (female 86,390; male 75,013) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.84% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 42.64 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 14.28 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 99.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 52.2 years male: 50.66 years female: 53.81 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.98 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Lao(s) or Laotian(s) adjective: Lao or Laotian Ethnic divisions: Lao Loum (lowland) 68%, Lao Theung (upland) 22%, Lao Soung (highland) including the Hmong ("Meo") and the Yao (Mien) 9%, ethnic Vietnamese/Chinese 1% Religions: Buddhist 60%, animist and other 40% Languages: Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1992) total population: 50% male: 65% female: 35% Labor force: 1 million-1.5 million by occupation: agriculture 80% (1992 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Laos Government Names: conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republic conventional short form: Laos local long form: Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao local short form: none Digraph: LA Type: Communist state Capital: Vientiane Administrative divisions: 16 provinces (khoueng, singular and plural) and 1 municipality* (kampheng nakhon, singular and plural); Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang, Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xekong, Xiangkhoang Independence: 19 July 1949 (from France) National holiday: National Day, 2 December (1975) (proclamation of the Lao People's Democratic Republic) Constitution: promulgated 14 August 1991 Legal system: based on traditional customs, French legal norms and procedures, and Socialist practice Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President NOUHAK PHOUMSAVAN (since 25 November 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Gen. KHAMTAI SIPHANDON (since 15 August 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president, approved by the Assembly Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly: elections last held on 20 December 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (85 total) number of seats by party NA Judicial branch: Supreme People's Court Political parties and leaders: Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP), KHAMTAI Siphandon, party president; other parties proscribed Other political or pressure groups: non-Communist political groups proscribed; most opposition leaders fled the country in 1975 Member of: ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN (observer), CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Laos Government Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador HIEM PHOMMACHANH chancery: 2222 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-6416, 6417 FAX: [1] (202) 332-4923 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Victor L. TOMSETH embassy: Rue Bartholonie, Vientiane mailing address: B. P. 114, Vientiane; American Embassy, Box V, APO AP 96546 telephone: [856] (21) 212581, 212582, 212585 FAX: [856] (21) 212584 Flag: three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Laos Economy Overview: The government of Laos - one of the few remaining official Communist states - has been decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise since 1986. The results, starting from an extremely low base, have been striking - growth has averaged 7.5% annually since 1988. Even so, Laos is a landlocked country with a primitive infrastructure. It has no railroads, a rudimentary road system, and limited external and internal telecommunications. Electricity is available in only a few urban areas. Subsistence agriculture accounts for half of GDP and provides 80% of total employment. The predominant crop is rice. In non-drought years, Laos is self-sufficient overall in food, but each year flood, pests, and localized drought cause shortages in various parts of the country. For the foreseeable future the economy will continue to depend on aid from the IMF and other international sources; aid from the former USSR and Eastern Europe has been cut sharply. As in many developing countries, deforestation and soil erosion will hamper efforts to maintain the high rate of GDP growth. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 8.4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $850 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.5% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 21% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA Exports: $277 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: electricity, wood products, coffee, tin, garments partners: Thailand 57%, Germany 10%, France 10%, Japan 5% (1991) Imports: $528 million (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: food, fuel oil, consumer goods, manufactures partners: Thailand 55%, Japan 16%, China 8%, Italy 4% (1991) External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate 7.5% (1992 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP (1992 est.) Electricity: capacity: 260,000 kW production: 870 million kWh consumption per capita: 44 kWh (1993) Industries: tin and gypsum mining, timber, electric power, agricultural processing, construction THE WORLD FACTBOOK Laos Economy Agriculture: principal crops - rice (80% of cultivated land), sweet potatoes, vegetables, corn, coffee, sugarcane, cotton; livestock - buffaloes, hogs, cattle, poultry Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis, opium poppy for the international drug trade, fourth largest opium producer (85 metric tons in 1994); heroin producer; increasingly used as transshipment point for heroin produced in Burma Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-79), $276 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $605 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $995 million; international assistance in loans and grant aid (1993/94) $217.7 million Currency: 1 new kip (NK) = 100 at Exchange rates: new kips (NK) per US$1 - 717 (1994 est.), 720 (July 1993). 710 (May 1992), 710 (December 1991), 700 (September 1990), 576 (1989) Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September THE WORLD FACTBOOK Laos Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 14,130 km paved: 2,260 km unpaved: 11,870 km (1992 est.) Inland waterways: about 4,587 km, primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional kilometers are sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m Pipelines: petroleum products 136 km Ports: none Merchant marine: total: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,370 GRT/3,000 DWT Airports: 52 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 25 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 17 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Laos Communications Telephone system: 7,390 telephones (1986); service to general public very poor; radio communications network provides generally erratic service to government users local: 16 telephone lines per 1,000 people intercity: radio communications international: 1 earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Laos Defense Forces Branches: Lao People's Army (LPA; includes riverine naval and militia elements), Air Force, National Police Department Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,051,105; males fit for military service 567,017; males reach military age (18) annually 51,437 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $105 million, 8.1% of GDP (FY92/93) )LAOS - Passport and visa required. Visa requires $35 fee, 3 application forms, 3 photos, onward/return transportation, sufficient funds, cholera immunization and SASE for return of passport by mail. Transit visas for stay up to 5 days requires onward/return ticket and visa for next destination. Visitor visa are issued for 1 entry and must be used within 3 months of issue date. Period of stay: 1 month, can be extended for another 30 days (visitor visa application must be accompanied by letter from relative or friends in Laos). Tourist visas are issued only to those who apply through a tourist agency. Business visa requires letter from counterpart in Laos and is valid for 1 entry and must be used within 3 months of issue date. Period of stay: 1 month, can be extended for another 30 days. For more information, check with the Embassy of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2222 S St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/332-6416/7). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Laos ============================================================ Laos - Consular Information Sheet September 7, 1995 Country Description: Laos is a poor country with a communist government that is pursuing economic reform. Outside of Vientiane, tourist services and facilities are relatively undeveloped. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Travelers should contact the Embassy of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2222 S St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 332-6416. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities and services are limited and do not meet Western standards. The blood supply is not screened for HIV or AIDS. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, tel. (404) 332-4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Major crime has not been a problem for travelers, although street crime has been on the increase. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. In-Country Travel: Since April 1994, the Lao government no longer requires permits for travel outside Vientiane except for travel in unspecified "restricted areas." Frequently visited tourist destinations generally are safe. In December 1993, however, one U.S. citizen and four U.S. residents were killed in a fatal Lao aviation airline crash in Xieng Khouang Province, where the Plain of Jars is located. Overland travel in some areas, particularly in the highlands, runs the risk of ambush by insurgents or bandits. Religious Workers: Religious proselytizing or distributing religious material is strictly prohibited. Foreigners caught distributing religious material may be arrested or deported. Marriage to a Lao Citizen: The Lao government imposes requirements on foreigners intending to marry Lao citizens. U.S. citizens may obtain information about these requirements at the U.S Embassy in Vientiane. A marriage certificate will not be issued by the Lao Government if the correct procedures have not been followed. Any attempt to circumvent Lao law governing the marriage of Lao citizens to foreigners may result in deportation of the foreigner and denial of permission to re-enter Laos. Two U.S. citizens cannot marry in Laos. Photography Restrictions: Police and military may confiscate the cameras of persons taking photographs of military installations or vehicles, bridges, airfields and government buildings. Confiscated cameras are seldom returned to the owners. Photographers of such subjects also may be arrested. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at Rue Bartholomie, B.P. 114, in Vientiane; mail can be addressed to AMEMB Vientiane Box V, APO AP 96546; the telephone numbers are (856) 21-212581, 212582, 212585; duty officer emergency cellular number (856) 21-130-423; fax (856) 21-212584. No. 95-107 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued on August 4, 1994 to include additional medical information, to update marriage information and to add the telephone number for the embassy duty officer. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Laos ============================================================ Laos - Consular Information Sheet September 7, 1995 Country Description: Laos is a poor country with a communist government that is pursuing economic reform. Outside of Vientiane, tourist services and facilities are relatively undeveloped. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Travelers should contact the Embassy of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2222 S St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 332-6416. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities and services are limited and do not meet Western standards. The blood supply is not screened for HIV or AIDS. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, tel. (404) 332-4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Major crime has not been a problem for travelers, although street crime has been on the increase. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. In-Country Travel: Since April 1994, the Lao government no longer requires permits for travel outside Vientiane except for travel in unspecified "restricted areas." Frequently visited tourist destinations generally are safe. In December 1993, however, one U.S. citizen and four U.S. residents were killed in a fatal Lao aviation airline crash in Xieng Khouang Province, where the Plain of Jars is located. Overland travel in some areas, particularly in the highlands, runs the risk of ambush by insurgents or bandits. Religious Workers: Religious proselytizing or distributing religious material is strictly prohibited. Foreigners caught distributing religious material may be arrested or deported. Marriage to a Lao Citizen: The Lao government imposes requirements on foreigners intending to marry Lao citizens. U.S. citizens may obtain information about these requirements at the U.S Embassy in Vientiane. A marriage certificate will not be issued by the Lao Government if the correct procedures have not been followed. Any attempt to circumvent Lao law governing the marriage of Lao citizens to foreigners may result in deportation of the foreigner and denial of permission to re-enter Laos. Two U.S. citizens cannot marry in Laos. Photography Restrictions: Police and military may confiscate the cameras of persons taking photographs of military installations or vehicles, bridges, airfields and government buildings. Confiscated cameras are seldom returned to the owners. Photographers of such subjects also may be arrested. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at Rue Bartholomie, B.P. 114, in Vientiane; mail can be addressed to AMEMB Vientiane Box V, APO AP 96546; the telephone numbers are (856) 21-212581, 212582, 212585; duty officer emergency cellular number (856) 21-130-423; fax (856) 21-212584. No. 95-107 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued on August 4, 1994 to include additional medical information, to update marriage information and to add the telephone number for the embassy duty officer. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map H<<]G B<W<] 8ZJDZ8 z8Z8Z FY`dH ,:`A2 wB LA>>8>A qt}~q Xw?w[[ [??[[?IIwX I0Iv{{ IX?I[w??X l}IwI I?w[0?[ I[XyI[ ?X[?II d==dWv ZZ.GZ .GZ.OZZ4 AEAEEAEAEE &,&&* &*,**& &**&&*&**, *,ULE L2,,LE*22U L*,*LU* U28LLELLA* *&&,, ,,&**,* &*,,** Krf&, *8a&a *,8,,8 p.OZZp (<QD c..=a`:g:: a=:a::g:=a :a:g:=a:=: a:=a:=a==a :=a>yH :g::g: =a=:=a=:a= :=a=:a=a:a =:g:=a:a:: g.`RL 88c:.=aT:g ::a=a=:a=a :a=:a=:=a= :g::a=:=a= 6T:.=a::g: =a::a=:=a= :a=a:a=:a: =a=a:a=a= R'.=aO:a :=:g:g:a=: a=:=a=:a=: g::=:=.:>R 6=.:=:=a=a :=:a=:a=a: a=:a=:g::g X.,gO=::g :a=:a=:=a= :g=:a=:g: g.::g:g:a =:a=a:a=:a ::a=:g::.k Nh:g.:.:1: a=:=a=:g:= a=.,.:g:, 88s:.:g:g: .=a:a=:a=a .=:g:g:=.= .=a=:g::.> Ma=:a=:g c.a=a1:R 8:.=::. c.:aO. 6:="=:. Q,=g;. 6886s[ 8NO=aT:g 0,=O< 8rT.:g:. 8T:.=T 8NT:a=. ha=a=::g: ha..:. 1;O=O. [d=,:":g:. 8T:.1., ..`a= a=O=:a= 6h:O,1MR .,:a:a== X..=a=.=,0 R:.T=`,Mk :=a=:T:;g R.=a=.1 ".:1.k [T..,0T\O= $.T..y .1=TOT 8cAW| 8NW+- Liberia Map Button Image 5 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone Map references: Africa Area: total area: 111,370 sq km land area: 96,320 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee Land boundaries: total 1,585 km, Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km Coastline: 579 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 200 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers Terrain: mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast Natural resources: iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 3% meadows and pastures: 2% forest and woodland: 39% other: 55% Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: tropical rain forest subject to deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of rivers from the dumping of iron ore tailings and of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage natural hazards: dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March) international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia People Population: 3,073,245 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 674,155; male 680,952) 15-64 years: 52% (female 768,147; male 844,326) 65 years and over: 4% (female 55,575; male 50,090) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.32% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.08 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.05 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: if the Ghanaian-led peace negotiations, under way in 1995, are successful, many Liberian refugees may return from exile Infant mortality rate: 110.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.17 years male: 55.67 years female: 60.75 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.3 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Liberian(s) adjective: Liberian Ethnic divisions: indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, and Bella), Americo-Liberians 5% (descendants of former slaves) Religions: traditional 70%, Muslim 20%, Christian 10% Languages: English 20% (official), Niger-Congo language group about 20 local languages come from this group Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 40% male: 50% female: 29% Labor force: 510,000 including 220,000 in the monetary economy by occupation: agriculture 70.5%, services 10.8%, industry and commerce 4.5%, other 14.2% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia People note: non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top-level management and engineering jobs THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Liberia conventional short form: Liberia Digraph: LI Type: republic Capital: Monrovia Administrative divisions: 13 counties; Bomi, Bong, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, Sinoe Independence: 26 July 1847 National holiday: Independence Day, 26 July (1847) Constitution: 6 January 1986 Legal system: dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Chairman of the Council of State David KPOMAKPOR (since March 1994); election last held on 15 October 1985; results - Gen. Dr. Samuel Kanyon DOE (NDPL) 50.9%, Jackson DOE (LAP) 26.4%, other 22.7% note: constitutional government ended in September 1990 when President Samuel Kanyon DOE was killed by rebel forces; civil war ensued and in July 1993 the Cotonou Peace Treaty was negotiated by the major warring factions under UN auspices; a transitional coalition government under David KROMAKPOR was formed in March 1994 but has been largely ineffective and unable to implement the provisions of the peace treaty; Ghanaian-led negotiations are now underway to seat a new interim government that would oversee elections proposed for late 1995 cabinet: Cabinet; selected by the leaders of the major factions in the civil war Legislative branch: unicameral Transitional Legislative Assembly, the members of which are appointed by the leaders of the major factions in the civil war note: the former bicameral legislature no longer exists and there is no assurance that it will be reconstituted very soon Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL), Augustus CAINE, chairman; Liberian Action Party (LAP), Emmanuel KOROMAH, chairman; Unity Party (UP), Joseph KOFA, chairman; United People's Party (UPP), Gabriel Baccus MATTHEWS, chairman; National Patriotic Party (NPP), Charles TAYLOR, chairman; Liberian Peoples Party (LPP), Dusty WOLOKOLLIE, chairman THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia Government Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Konah K. BLACKETT chancery: 5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 723-0437 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d' Affaires William P. TWADDELL embassy: 111 United Nations Drive, Monrovia mailing address: P. O. Box 100098, Mamba Point, Monrovia telephone: [231] 222991 through 222994 FAX: [231] 223710 Flag: 11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia Economy Overview: Civil war since 1990 has destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around Monrovia. Businessmen have fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them. Many will not return. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products, while local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. Political instability threatens prospects for economic reconstruction and repatriation of some 750,000 Liberian refugees who have fled to neighboring countries. The political impasse between the interim government and rebel leader Charles TAYLOR has prevented restoration of normal economic life, including the re-establishment of a strong central government with effective economic development programs. The economy deteriorated further in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $770 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $242.1 million expenditures: $435.4 million, including capital expenditures of $29.5 million (1989 est.) Exports: $505 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.) commodities: iron ore 61%, rubber 20%, timber 11%, coffee partners: US, EC, Netherlands Imports: $394 million (c.i.f., 1989 est.) commodities: mineral fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, rice and other foodstuffs partners: US, EC, Japan, China, Netherlands, ECOWAS External debt: $2.1 billion (September 1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate NA% (1993-94); much industrial damage caused by factional warfare Electricity: capacity: 330,000 kW production: 440 million kWh consumption per capita: 143 kWh (1993) Industries: rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia Economy Agriculture: accounts for about 40% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); principal products - rubber, timber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava, palm oil, sugarcane, bananas, sheep, goats; not self-sufficient in food, imports 25% of rice consumption Illicit drugs: increasingly a transshipment point for heroin and cocaine Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $665 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $870 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $25 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $77 million Currency: 1 Liberian dollar (L$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Liberian dollars (L$) per US$1 - 1.00 (officially fixed rate since 1940); unofficial parallel exchange rate of US$1 - L$7 (January 1992), unofficial rate floats against the US dollar Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia Transportation Railroads: total: 490 km (single track); note - three rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government; one of these, the Lamco Railroad, closed in 1989 after iron ore production ceased; the other two have been shut down by the civil war standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 145 km 1.067-m gauge Highways: total: 10,087 km paved: 603 km unpaved: gravel 5,171 km (includes 2,323 km of private roads of rubber and timber firms, open to the public); earth 4,313 km Ports: Buchanan, Greenville, Harper, Monrovia Merchant marine: total: 1,549 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 56,709,634 GRT/97,038,680 DWT ships by type: barge carrier 3, bulk 392, cargo 121, chemical tanker 114, combination bulk 33, combination ore/oil 57, container 124, liquefied gas tanker 75, oil tanker 459, passenger 32, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 58, roll-on/roll-off cargo 18, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 54 note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 53 countries; the 10 major fleet flags are: United States 232 ships, Japan 190, Norway 166, Greece 125, Germany 125, United Kingdom 102, Hong Kong 95, China 45, Russia 41, and the Netherlands 34 Airports: total: 59 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 43 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 11 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; telephone and telegraph service via radio relay network; main center is Monrovia; most telecommunications services inoperable due to insurgency movement local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 5 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liberia Defense Forces Branches: NA; the ultimate structure of the Liberian military force will depend on who is the victor in the ongoing civil war Manpower availability: males age 15-49 732,063; males fit for military service 390,849 (1995 est.) 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Libya Map Button Image 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya Geography Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia Map references: Africa Area: total area: 1,759,540 sq km land area: 1,759,540 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Alaska Land boundaries: total 4,383 km, Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km Coastline: 1,770 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm Gulf of Sidra closing line: 32 degrees 30 minutes north International disputes: the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad, and that Libya must withdraw from it by 31 May 1994; Libya has withdrawn some its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but still maintains an airfield in the disputed area; maritime boundary dispute with Tunisia; claims part of northern Niger and part of southeastern Algeria Climate: Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior Terrain: mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, gypsum Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 8% forest and woodland: 0% other: 90% Irrigated land: 2,420 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities natural hazards: hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; duststorms, sandstorms THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya Geography international agreements: party to - Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya People Population: 5,248,401 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 1,226,851; male 1,269,813) 15-64 years: 49% (female 1,261,424; male 1,331,093) 65 years and over: 3% (female 76,017; male 83,203) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.7% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 44.89 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.91 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 61.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 64.29 years male: 62.12 years female: 66.57 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.32 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Libyan(s) adjective: Libyan Ethnic divisions: Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians Religions: Sunni Muslim 97% Languages: Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1984) total population: 60% male: 77% female: 42% Labor force: 1 million (includes about 280,000 resident foreigners) by occupation: industry 31%, services 27%, government 24%, agriculture 18% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya Government Names: conventional long form: Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya conventional short form: Libya local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishirakiyah local short form: none Digraph: LY Type: Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship Capital: Tripoli Administrative divisions: 25 municipalities (baladiyah, singular - baladiyat); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan Independence: 24 December 1951 (from Italy) National holiday: Revolution Day, 1 September (1969) Constitution: 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977 Legal system: based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Mu'ammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969) head of government: Chairman of the General People's Committee (Premier) Abd al Majid al-Qa'ud (since 29 January 1994) cabinet: General People's Committee; established by the General People's Congress note: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees Legislative branch: unicameral General People's Congress: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: none Other political or pressure groups: various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya Government Member of: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: none US diplomatic representation: none Flag: plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya Economy Overview: The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-third of GDP. In 1990 per capita GDP was the highest in Africa at $5,410, but GDP growth rates have slowed and fluctuated sharply in response to changes in the world oil market. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. Windfall revenues from the hike in world oil prices in late 1990 improved the foreign payments position and resulted in a current account surplus through 1992. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Although agriculture accounts for only 5% of GDP, it employs 18% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit farm output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. The UN sanctions imposed in April 1992 have not yet had a major impact on the economy because Libya's oil revenues generate sufficient foreign exchange which sustains imports of food, consumer goods, and equipment for the oil industry and ongoing development projects. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $32.9 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -0.9% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $6,510 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 25% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $8.1 billion expenditures: $9.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (1989 est.) Exports: $7.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas partners: Italy, Germany, Spain, France, UK, Turkey, Greece, Egypt Imports: $6.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods partners: Italy, Germany, UK, France, Spain, Turkey, Tunisia, Eastern Europe External debt: $3.5 billion excluding military debt (1991 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 10.5% (1990) Electricity: capacity: 4,600,000 kW production: 16.1 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,078 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya Economy Agriculture: 5% of GDP; cash crops - wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; 75% of food is imported Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $242 million note: no longer a recipient Currency: 1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1,000 dirhams Exchange rates: Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1 - 0.3555 (January 1995), 0.3596 (1994), 0.3250 (1993), 0.3013 (1992), 0.2684 (1991), 0.2699 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya Transportation Railroads: note: Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has been no progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum, Egypt, to Tobruk with completion set for mid-1994; no progress has been reported Highways: total: 19,300 km paved: bituminous 10,800 km unpaved: gravel, earth 8,500 km Inland waterways: none Pipelines: crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquified petroleum gas 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km Ports: Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah Merchant marine: total: 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 686,136 GRT/1,208,194 DWT ships by type: cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, short-sea passenger 4 Airports: total: 146 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 24 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 6 with paved runways under 914 m: 21 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 4 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 17 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 44 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya Communications Telephone system: 370,000 telephones; modern telecommunications system local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, tropospheric scatter, and 14 domestic satellites international: 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) satellite earth stations; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; planned ARABSAT and Intersputnik satellite earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 17, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 12 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Libya Defense Forces Branches: Armed Peoples of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah (includes Army, Navy, and Air and Air Defense Command), Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,131,175; males fit for military service 672,571; males reach military age (17) annually 54,676 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.4 billion, 6.1% of GDP (1994 est.) .LIBYA - Passport and visa required. AIDS test required for those seeking residence permits; U.S. test accepted. Since December 1981, U.S. passports are not valid for travel in, to, or through Libya without authorization from the Department of State. Application for exemptions to this restriction should be submitted in writing to Passport Services, U.S. Department of State, 1425 K St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20524, Attn: CA/PPT/C, Room 300. Attention: U.S. citizens need a Treasury Dept. license in order to engage in any transactions related to travel to and within Libya. Before planning any travel to Libya, U.S. citizens should contact the Licensing Division, Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the Treasury, 1331 G St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20220 (202/622-2480). Application and inquiries for visas must be made through a country that maintains diplomatic relations with Libya. Libya - Travel Warning August 31, 1993 The United States Department of State warns all U.S. citizens to avoid travel to Libya and to depart the country immediately if resident of visitor there. The U..S. government has determined that due to Libya's long history of flouting international law and directing terrorist attacks against U.S. citizens, it is unsafe for Americans to travel there. U.S. passports are not valid for travel to, in or through Libya unless a special validation is obtained from the department of state. All financial and commercial transactions with Libya are prohibited, unless licensed by the U.S. Treasury Department. There is no U.S. Embassy in Libya. U.S. government interests ate represented by the government of Belgium, which as a protecting power can provide only limited emergency service to U.S. citizens. Further details can be obtained in the Department of State's Consular Information Information Sheet on Libya. No. 93-034 This extends the Department of State's warning travel warning for Libya issued January 8, 1993. Libya - Consular Information Sheet August 31, 1993 Warning: The United States Department of State warns all U.S. citizens to avoid travel to Libya and to depart the country immediately if resident or visiting there. The U.S. Government has determined that due to Libya's long history of flouting international law and directing terrorist attacks against U.S. citizens, it is unsafe for Americans to travel there. U.S. passports are not valid for travel to, in or through Libya unless a special validation is obtained from the Department of State. All financial and commercial transactions with Libya are prohibited, unless licensed by the U.S. Treasury Department. There is no U.S. Embassy in Libya. U.S. Government interests are represented by the Government of Belgium, which as a protecting power can provide only limited emergency services to U.S. citizens. Country Description: The Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya considers itself an Islamic Arab Socialist "Mass-State", (i.e., a state run by the masses). Libya has a developing economy. Islamic ideals and beliefs provide the conservative foundation of the country's customs, laws and practices. Tourist facilities are not widely available. Entry Requirements: Passports and visas are required. On December 11, 1981, U.S. passports ceased to be valid for travel to, in or through Libya and may not be used for that purpose without a special validation. Without this requisite validation, use of a U.S. passport for travel to, in or through Libya may constitute a violation of 18 U.S.C. 1544, and may be punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment. In addition, the Department of the Treasury prohibits all travel-related transactions by U.S. persons intending to visit Libya, unless specifically licensed by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. There are limited exceptions to this licensing requirement for Libyan nationals' family members, and for journalists. The categories of individuals eligible for consideration for a special passport validation are set forth in 22 C.F.R. 51.74. Passport validation requests for Libya can be forwarded in writing to the following address: Deputy Assistant Secretary for Passport Services U.S. Department of State 1425 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20522-1705 Attn: Office of Citizenship Appeals and Legal Assistance (Room 300). Telephone (202) 326-6168 or 326-6182. The request must be accompanied by supporting documentation according to the category under which validation is sought. Currently, the four categories of persons specified in 22 C.F.R. 51.74 as being eligible for consideration for passport validation are as follows: [1] Professional reporters: includes full-time members of the reporting or writing staff of a newspaper, magazine or broadcasting network whose purpose for travel is to gather information about Libya for dissemination to the general public. [2] American Red Cross: Applicant establishes that he or she is a representative of the American Red Cross or International Red Cross traveling pursuant to an officially sponsored Red Cross mission. [3] Humanitarian considerations: Applicant must establish that his or her trip is justified by compelling humanitarian considerations or for family unification. At this time, "compelling humanitarian considerations" include situations where the applicant can document that an immediate family member is critically ill in Libya. Documentation concerning family illness must include the name and address of the relative, and be from that relative's physician attesting to the nature and gravity of the illness. "Family unification" situations may include cases in which spouses or minor children are residing in Libya, with and dependent on, a Libyan national spouse or parent for their support. [4] National interest: The applicant's request is otherwise found to be in the national interest. In all requests for passport validation for travel to Libya, the name, date and place of birth for all concerned persons must be given, as well as the U.S. passport numbers. Documentation as outlined above should accompany all requests. Additional information may be obtained by writing to the above address or by calling the Office of Citizenship Appeals and Legal Assistance at [202] 326-6168 or 326-6182. U.S. Treasury Restrictions: In addition to the passport validation, U.S. Treasury requirements must be met. Travelers may contact the Treasury Department at the following address and phone number: Chief of Licensing Office of Foreign Assets Control U.S. Department of the Treasury 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20220 Telephone (202) 622-2480; fax (202) 622-1657 U.S. Treasury Sanctions: On January 7, 1986, the United States imposed sanctions against Libya, which are administered by the U.S. Treasury Department, prohibiting all travel-related transactions with respect to Libya for U.S. citizens and permanent resident aliens. There are limited exceptions for Libyan nationals' family members who register with the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control or with the Embassy of Belgium in Tripoli, and for full-time journalists. As of February 1, 1986, the President further prohibited transactions by U.S. persons relating to transportation to or from Libya. Additionally, all financial and commercial transactions by U.S. persons anywhere in the world with Libya are prohibited. This includes working in Libya, providing a service of any nature to Libya, or participating in an unauthorized transaction of any kind involving property in which Libya has an interest. Violations of the Libyan sanctions may result in penalties, fines and/or imprisonment. Under the Libyan Sanctions Regulations and in addition to any passport validation issued by the Department of State, the U.S. Treasury Department requires that U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents who wish to travel to Libya to visit immediate family members in Libya are authorized to visit Libya only if they file a registration letter prior to their trip with the Office of Foreign Assets Control or with the Embassy of Belgium in Tripoli. The registration must contain the following information: (1) Name, date and place of birth of the person registering [including the name under which a registrant's most recent U.S. passport was issued, if that is different]; (2) If applicable, place and date of the registrant's naturalization as a U.S. citizen, and the number of the registrant's naturalization certificate, or, for permanent resident aliens, the alien registration number of the registrant's alien registration receipt card; (3) The name, relationship, and address of the immediate family member in Libya whose relationship forms the basis for the registrant's eligibility; (4) The number and issue date of the registrant's current U.S. passport, and the most recent date on which the passport was validated by the U.S. Department of State for travel to Libya. U.N. Sanctions: U.N. Security Council sanctions against Libya, including an air embargo, took effect on April 15, 1992. U.N. Security Council Resolution 748, passed on March 31, 1992, imposed sanctions on Libya until Libya fully complies with the provisions of U.N. Resolution 731 and 748, adopted on January 21, 1992. U.N. Security Council Resolutions 731 and 748 were adopted in response to Libya's responsibility for the bombings of Pan Am flight 103 and UTA flight 772. The U.S. cannot predict if or when Libya will comply with the U.N. demands. Since April 15, 1992, when air links were discontinued, it has become difficult to leave Libya. The sale in the United States of air transportation including any stop in Libya became illegal under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1701. Medical Facilities: Basic modern medical care and medicines may not be available in Libya. Information on Crime: Crime is generally not a serious problem for travelers in Libya. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police, the U.S. Interests Section, and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East or North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are severe in Libya, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: There is no U.S. embassy in Libya. The U.S. government is not in a position to accord normal consular protective services to U.S. citizens in Libya. U.S. Government interests are represented by the Government of Belgium, which as a protecting power can provide only limited emergency services to U.S. citizens. Embassy Location: There is no U.S. embassy or consulate in Libya. The U.S. Interests Section of the Embassy of Belgium is located at Tower 4, That al Imad complex, in the capital city of Tripoli. The Belgian Embassy's mailing address is P.O. 91650, Tripoli, Libya. The telephone number is (218-21) 33771. No. 93-220 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated January 8, 1993 to include new telephone numbers for the Office of Foreign Assets Control and the U.S. Treasury, and to add information on reporting the loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad. 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Age structure: 0-14 years: 19% (female 2,897; male 2,974) 15-64 years: 71% (female 10,853; male 10,777) 65 years and over: 10% (female 1,930; male 1,223) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.2% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.95 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.56 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 5.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 5.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.52 years male: 73.86 years female: 81.17 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.47 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein Ethnic divisions: Alemannic 95%, Italian and other 5% Religions: Roman Catholic 87.3%, Protestant 8.3%, unknown 1.6%, other 2.8% (1988) Languages: German (official), Alemannic dialect Literacy: age 10 and over can read and write (1981) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% Labor force: 19,905 of which 11,933 are foreigners; 6,885 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day by occupation: industry, trade, and building 53.2%, services 45%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1.8% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liechtenstein Government Names: conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Furstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein Digraph: LS Type: hereditary constitutional monarchy Capital: Vaduz Administrative divisions: 11 communes (gemeinden, singular - gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz Independence: 23 January 1719 (Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established) National holiday: Assumption Day, 15 August Constitution: 5 October 1921 Legal system: local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Prince Hans ADAM II (since 13 November 1989; assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS von und zu Liechtenstein (born 11 June 1968) head of government: Mario FRICK (since 15 December 1993); Deputy Head of Government Dr. Thomas BUECHEL (since 15 December 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; elected by the Diet; confirmed by the sovereign Legislative branch: unicameral Diet (Landtag): elections last held on 24 October 1993 (next to be held by March 1997); results - VU 50.1%, FBP 41.3%, FL 8.5%; seats - (25 total) VU 13, FBP 11, FL 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) for criminal cases, Superior Court (Obergericht) for civil cases Political parties and leaders: Fatherland Union (VU), Dr. Oswald KRANTZ; Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP), Otmar HASLER; The Free List (FL) Member of: CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, GATT, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO Diplomatic representation in US: in routine diplomatic matters, Liechtenstein is represented in the US by the Swiss Embassy THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liechtenstein Government US diplomatic representation: the US has no diplomatic or consular mission in Liechtenstein, but the US Consul General at Zurich (Switzerland) has consular accreditation at Vaduz Flag: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liechtenstein Economy Overview: Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital service sector and living standards on par with its large European neighbors. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced about 25,000 holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. Liechtenstein plans to join the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between EFTA and EU) in 1995. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $630 million (1990 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $22,300 (1990 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.4% (1990) Unemployment rate: 1.5% (1994) Budget: revenues: $259 million expenditures: $292 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.) Exports: $NA commodities: small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery partners: EC countries 42.7%, EFTA countries 20.9% (Switzerland 15.4%), other 36.4% (1990) Imports: $NA commodities: machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles partners: NA External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 23,000 kW production: 150 million kWh consumption per capita: 5,230 kWh (1992) Industries: electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism Agriculture: livestock, vegetables, corn, wheat, potatoes, grapes Economic aid: none Currency: 1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liechtenstein Economy Exchange rates: Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1 - 1.2880 (January 1995), 1.3677 (1994), 1.4776 (1993), 1.4062 (1992), 1.4340 (1991), 1.3892 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liechtenstein Transportation Railroads: total: 18.5 km; note - owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) Highways: total: 322.93 km paved: 322.93 km Ports: none Airports: none THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liechtenstein Communications Telephone system: 25,400 telephones; limited, but sufficient automatic telephone system local: NA intercity: NA international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and radio relay Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA note: linked to Swiss networks Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA note: linked to Swiss networks THE WORLD FACTBOOK Liechtenstein Defense Forces Note: defense is responsibility of Switzerland LIECHTENSTEIN - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist/business stay up to 3 months. For further information consult the Swiss Embassy (202/745-7900). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Switzerland and Liechtenstein ============================================================ Switzerland and Liechtenstein - Consular Information Sheet June 30, 1995 Country Descriptions: Switzerland is a highly developed democracy with a modern economy. Liechtenstein is a stable, democratically-run constitutional monarchy with a modern economy. Tourist services are widely available. Entry Requirements: For both Switzerland and Liechtenstein, a passport is required; a visa is not required for tourist or business stays up to three months. For further information on entry requirements for both countries, travelers may contact the Embassy of Switzerland at 2900 Cathedral Avenue N.W., Washington D.C. 20008, tel (202) 745-7900, or the nearest Swiss Consulate General in Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Good medical care is widely available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Switzerland has a low rate of violent crime. However, pickpocketing and purse-snatching do occur during peak tourist periods (such as summer and Christmas) and when major conferences, shows, or exhibits are scheduled in major cities. Most crime is restricted to specific localities in major cities that are best avoided by the prudent traveler and residents, such as areas frequented by drug dealers and users, the general vicinity of train and bus stations, and some public parks. Liechtenstein has a low crime rate. Travelers may wish to exercise caution on trains, especially on overnight trains to neighboring countries. Even locked sleeping compartments can be entered by thieves who steal from passengers while they sleep. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Switzerland and in Liechtenstein, the penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Dual Nationality: U.S. citizens who are considered to also have Swiss citizenship may be subject to compulsory military service and other requirements while in Switzerland. Those who might be affected may inquire at a Swiss embassy or consulate regarding their status. In some instances, dual nationality may hamper U.S. government efforts to provide protection abroad. Registration and Embassy and Consulate Locations: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section at the below locations may obtain updated information on travel and security in Switzerland. The U.S. Embassy in Bern is located at Jubilaeumstrasse 93, telephone (41-31) 357-7011, fax (41-31) 357-7344. The Consulate General in Zurich is located at Zollikerstrasse 141, telephone (41-1) 422-2733, fax (41-1) 383-9814. Limited consular services for U.S. citizens are offered by a part-time consular agency in Geneva located at the America Center of Geneva, World Trade Center II, Geneva Airport, Route de Pre-Bois 29, telephone (41-22) 798-1605 or 798-1615, fax (41-22) 798-1630. There is no U.S. Embassy or consulate in Liechtenstein. For assistance and information on travel and security in Liechtenstein, U.S. citizens may contact or register at the U.S. Consulate General in Zurich at the address above. No. 95-077 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 10, 1994, to include information on Liechtenstein, note the change of fax number at the Embassy in Bern and the phone number at the Consulate General in Zurich, and provide the new address and telephone numbers for the consular agency in Geneva. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 German Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights LIECHTEN 6J"JM dJZJf language PggV% )]gd? 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K}x{& G\sKG Luxembourg Map Button Image P-P- THE WORLD FACTBOOK Luxembourg Geography Location: Western Europe, between France and Germany Map references: Europe Area: total area: 2,586 sq km land area: 2,586 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Rhode Island Land boundaries: total 359 km, Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: modified continental with mild winters, cool summers Terrain: mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle floodplain in the southeast Natural resources: iron ore (no longer exploited) Land use: arable land: 24% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 21% other: 34% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: deforestation; air and water pollution in urban areas natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Luxembourg People Population: 404,660 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 18% (female 35,372; male 36,645) 15-64 years: 68% (female 136,960; male 137,792) 65 years and over: 14% (female 35,774; male 22,117) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.57% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.61 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 2.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.95 years male: 73.31 years female: 80.75 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.65 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Luxembourger(s) adjective: Luxembourg Ethnic divisions: Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, and European (guest and worker residents) Religions: Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3% Languages: Luxembourgisch, German, French, English Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% Labor force: 177,300 (one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany) by occupation: services 65%, industry 31.6%, agriculture 3.4% (1988) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Luxembourg Government Names: conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg conventional short form: Luxembourg local long form: Grand-Duche de Luxembourg local short form: Luxembourg Digraph: LU Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Luxembourg Administrative divisions: 3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg Independence: 1839 National holiday: National Day, 23 June (1921) (public celebration of the Grand Duke's birthday) Constitution: 17 October 1868, occasional revisions Legal system: based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state: Grand Duke JEAN (since 12 November 1964); Heir Apparent Prince HENRI (son of Grand Duke JEAN, born 16 April 1955) head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNKER (since 1 January 1994); Vice Prime Minister Jacques F. POOS (since 21 July 1984) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the sovereign Legislative branch: unicameral Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes): elections last held on 12 June 1994 (next to be held by June 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) CSV 21, LSAP 17, DP 12, Action Committee for Democracy and Pension Rights 5, Greens 5 note: the Council of State (Conseil d'Etat) is an advisory body whose views are considered by the Chamber of Deputies Judicial branch: Superior Court of Justice (Cour Superieure de Justice) Political parties and leaders: Christian Social People's Party (CSV), Erna HENNICOT-SCHOEPGES; Socialist Workers Party (LSAP), Ben FAYOT; Democratic Party (DP), Henri GRETHEN; Action Committee for Democracy and Pension Rights, Roby MEHLEN; other minor parties Other political or pressure groups: group of steel companies representing iron and steel industry; Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation THE WORLD FACTBOOK Luxembourg Government Member of: ACCT, Australia Group, Benelux, CCC, CE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Alphonse BERNS chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171 FAX: [1] (202) 328-8270 consulate(s) general: New York and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Clay CONSTANTINOU embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais, 2535 Luxembourg City mailing address: PSC 11, Luxembourg City; APO AE 09132-5380 telephone: [352] 46 01 23 FAX: [352] 46 14 01 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France THE WORLD FACTBOOK Luxembourg Economy Overview: The stable, prosperous economy features moderate growth, low inflation, and negligible unemployment. Agriculture is based on small but highly productive family-owned farms. The industrial sector, until recently dominated by steel, has become increasingly more diversified, particularly toward high-technology firms. During the past decade, growth in the financial sector has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Services, especially banking, account for a growing proportion of the economy. Luxembourg participates in an economic union with Belgium on trade and most financial matters, is also closely connected economically to the Netherlands, and as a member of the 15-member European Union enjoys the advantages of the open European market. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.2 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.6% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $22,830 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.6% (1992) Unemployment rate: 2.4% (1994) Budget: revenues: $4 billion expenditures: $4.05 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $6.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.) commodities: finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products partners: EC 76%, US 5% Imports: $8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.) commodities: minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods partners: Belgium 37%, Germany 31%, France 12%, US 2% External debt: $800 million (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -0.5% (1990); accounts for 25% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 1,238,750 kW production: 1.374 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,395 kWh (1993) Industries: banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum Agriculture: accounts for less than 3% of GDP (including forestry); principal products - barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; cattle raising widespread THE WORLD FACTBOOK Luxembourg Economy Economic aid: none Currency: 1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1 - 31.549 (January 1995), 33,456 (1994), 34.597 (1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990); note - the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Luxembourg Transportation Railroads: total: 271 km standard gauge: 271 km 1.435-m gauge (243 km electrified; 178 km double track) (1994) Highways: total: 5,108 km paved: 5,062 km (95 km of limited access divided highway) unpaved: 46 km (1992) Inland waterways: 37 km; Moselle River Pipelines: petroleum products 48 km Ports: Mertert Merchant marine: total: 45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,129,466 GRT/1,790,988 DWT ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 6, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 8, oil tanker 7, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 6, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 Airports: total: 2 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Luxembourg Communications Telephone system: 230,000 telephones; highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables; nationwide mobile phone system local: NA intercity: buried cable international: 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 3 and 1 direct-broadcast satellite link televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Luxembourg Defense Forces Branches: Army, National Gendarmerie Manpower availability: males age 15-49 103,990; males fit for military service 85,912; males reach military age (19) annually 2,190 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $129 million, 1.2% of GDP (1994) LUXEMBOURG - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist/business stay up to 3 months. For additional information contact Embassy of Luxembourg, 2200 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/265-4171) or the nearest Consulate: CA (415/788-0816), FL (305/373-1300), GA (404/668-9811), IL (312/726-0355), MO (816/474-4761), NY (212/888-6664) or OH (312/726-0355). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Luxembourg ============================================================ Luxembourg - Consular Information Sheet October 18, 1995 Country Description: Luxembourg is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A visa is not required for tourist or business stays up to three months out of a 180-day period within the area of the Schengen countries, i.e., Luxembourg, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain and Portugal. For further information concerning entry requirements for Luxembourg, travelers can contact the Embassy of Luxembourg at 2200 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel (202) 265-4171, or the Luxembourg Consulates General in New York or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Luxembourg has a low crime rate. However, during the tourist season, pickpocketing, theft of unattended baggage, and theft from vehicles can occur. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free voyage. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans who reside in Luxembourg can register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy. The section has available updated information on travel and security within the area. The Embassy is located at 22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais in Luxembourg City, telephone (352) 46-01-23. No. 95-129 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 18, 1994 issued to update the section on Entry Requirements. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Luxembourg ============================================================ Luxembourg - Consular Information Sheet October 18, 1995 Country Description: Luxembourg is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A visa is not required for tourist or business stays up to three months out of a 180-day period within the area of the Schengen countries, i.e., Luxembourg, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain and Portugal. For further information concerning entry requirements for Luxembourg, travelers can contact the Embassy of Luxembourg at 2200 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel (202) 265-4171, or the Luxembourg Consulates General in New York or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Luxembourg has a low crime rate. However, during the tourist season, pickpocketing, theft of unattended baggage, and theft from vehicles can occur. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free voyage. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans who reside in Luxembourg can register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy. The section has available updated information on travel and security within the area. The Embassy is located at 22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais in Luxembourg City, telephone (352) 46-01-23. No. 95-129 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 18, 1994 issued to update the section on Entry Requirements. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights LUXEMBOU ,VlUj language aqR1" "'/'/,/'/ /'//'//'// '//'//'//' //'//'//'/ /'/''" ) ))8 7)=E%E*%G) HBHw~HHaB E==*4 GE*=* nnKZ /\WWM "RB"' +"++"" "g9BH wRBH"\'H/ |;kO_OI 0_AOAuA %u|_;|| |kN|OA_| "'"/~ wpRBsaaH qhgR~ doYdo obobo{ &-&-&-&-- R\sRq~B [~a\/ wBw~s h\\wm~R "'ltHw "9/11/ 35353535.L .5535353 535353535. >@>@>@>C:L 3C>@>@> @>@>@>@>?: :5?:?:? :?:?::L ::?:?:?:?: ?:?:?:: azrzrzrz rzrzrzrzrz zezrzrzrzr zrzrzrzrzr N]_|_ 0uNA_OkN A|;k; 0N|_A _A__;uA 8vKKv KK8 8 $ ))8$) Z ZvZZ8)Z$Kv Rq[/ c:D?D @<@CC@C@CC @CC@< <@CC@CC@CC @<<@CC@<< @C33 >33>> 3>CC::3:CC :33::<:3:C c:@?D( :@?D( @LL c:?D( @<@C:L c:?D( @<@C:c ><@@>:cc::VcF CcV@VVFcL: V:>C:: <::C::C:L .>C@@C::C @::<@::@:: >: (F?:3:: F@3:F "11[/g //B'wH~ aw/tg/h\ XwBXHBa9RX w~twhH awwH" 9["'H9' qwaawmmggj awhqjljmww p[[wswltww twjqwtwwtw qmmwtwh ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; :vUvUvU0 Macau Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MACAU x8dot3 Portuguese language $ THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau Header Affiliation: (overseas territory of Portugal) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau Geography Location: Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 16 sq km land area: 16 sq km comparative area: about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: total 0.34 km, China 0.34 km Coastline: 40 km Maritime claims: not specified International disputes: none Climate: subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers Terrain: generally flat Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Ozone Layer Protection (extended from Portugal) Note: essentially urban; one causeway and one bridge connect the two islands to the peninsula on mainland THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau People Population: 490,901 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 24% (female 56,991; male 60,944) 15-64 years: 68% (female 167,366; male 165,168) 65 years and over: 8% (female 23,537; male 16,895) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.25% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 14.5 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.21 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 2.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 79.86 years male: 77.41 years female: 82.43 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.49 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Macanese (singular and plural) adjective: Macau Ethnic divisions: Chinese 95%, Portuguese 3%, other 2% Religions: Buddhist 45%, Roman Catholic 7%, Protestant 1%, none 45.8%, other 1.2% (1981) Languages: Portuguese (official), Cantonese is the language of commerce Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1981) total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% Labor force: 180,000 (1986) by occupation: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Macau local long form: none local short form: Ilha de Macau Digraph: MC Type: overseas territory of Portugal scheduled to revert to China in 1999 Capital: Macau Administrative divisions: 2 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Ilhas, Macau Independence: none (territory of Portugal; Portugal signed an agreement with China on 13 April 1987 to return Macau to China on 20 December 1999; in the joint declaration, China promises to respect Macau's existing social and economic systems and lifestyle for 50 year after transition) National holiday: Day of Portugal, 10 June (1580) Constitution: 17 February 1976, Organic Law of Macau; basic law drafted primarily by Beijing awaiting final approval Legal system: Portuguese civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President (of Portugal) Mario Alberto SOARES (since 9 March 1986) head of government: Governor Gen. Vasco Joachim Rocha VIEIRA (since 20 March 1991) cabinet: Consultative Council; consists of five members appointed by the governor, two nominated by the governor, five members elected for a four-year term (2 represent administrative bodies, 1 represents moral, cultural, and welfare interests, and 2 economic interests), and three statuatory members Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly: elections last held on 10 March 1991 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (23 total, 8 elected by universal suffrage, 8 by indirect suffrage, and 7 appointed by the governor) number of seats by party NA Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Association to Defend the Interests of Macau; Macau Democratic Center; Group to Study the Development of Macau; Macau Independent Group Other political or pressure groups: wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local interests, wealthy pro-Communist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 the Macau Government acceded to Chinese demands that gave China veto power over administration THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau Government Member of: CCC, ESCAP (associate), GATT, IMO (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), WTO (associate) Diplomatic representation in US: none (Chinese territory under Portuguese administration) US diplomatic representation: the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong Flag: the flag of Portugal is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau Economy Overview: The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about two-thirds of export earnings; the gambling industry represented well over 40% of GDP in 1992. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.8 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $10,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.7% (1992 est.) Unemployment rate: 2% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $305 million expenditures: $298 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989 est.) Exports: $1.8 billion (1992 est.) commodities: textiles, clothing, toys partners: US 35%, Hong Kong 12.5%, Germany 12%, China 9.9%, France 8% (1992 est.) Imports: $2 billion (1992 est.) commodities: raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods partners: Hong Kong 33%, China 20%, Japan 18% (1992 est.) External debt: $91 million (1985) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 258,000 kW production: 950 million kWh consumption per capita: 2,093 kWh (1993) Industries: clothing, textiles, toys, plastic products, furniture, tourism Agriculture: rice, vegetables; food shortages - rice, vegetables, meat; depends mostly on imports for food requirements Economic aid: none Currency: 1 pataca (P) = 100 avos THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau Economy Exchange rates: patacas (P) per US$1 - 8.034 (1991-94), 8.024 (1990), 8.030 (1989); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 42 km paved: 42 km Ports: Macau Merchant marine: none Airports: none usable, 1 under construction; 1 seaplane station THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau Communications Telephone system: 52,000 telephones; fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services local: NA intercity: NA international: high-frequency radio communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: 115,000 Television: broadcast stations: 0; note - TV programs received from Hong Kong televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macau Defense Forces Branches: NA Manpower availability: males age 15-49 141,160; males fit for military service 78,578 (1995 est.) Note: defense is responsibility of Portugal MACAU - Passport required. Visa not required for visits up to 60 days. For further information consult nearest Portuguese Consulate: Washington, D.C. (202/332-3007), San Francisco (415/346-3400), New Bedford (508/997-6151), Newark (201/622-7300), NY (212/246-4580), Providence (401/272-2003) or Portuguese Consulate in Hong Kong (231-338). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Macau ============================================================ Macau - Consular Information Sheet December 5, 1995 Country Description: Macau is a Chinese territory administered by Portugal and will return to Chinese sovereignty in 1999. Facilities for tourism are well developed. Macau includes a six-square-mile area on the mainland of China bordering the South China Sea, and the small, adjacent islands of Taipa and Coloane. Entry Requirements: Information on entry requirements may be obtained from the Embassy of Portugal at 2125 Kalorama Road N.W., Washington D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 328-8610, or from the American Consulate General in Hong Kong, telephone (852) 2523-9011. Medical Facilities: There are at least two major hospitals in Macau that have adequate medical facilities and are able to provide medical care in emergency situations. Highly developed medical facilities and trained personnel are available in Hong Kong, which is about an hour by jetfoil and ten minutes by helicopter from Macau. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is generally not valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment for medical services outside the United States. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty street crime occasionally occurs in tourist areas in Macau, including in and around casinos. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. consulate. Information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal safety can be found in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad". It can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the American Consulate General in Hong Kong can obtain updated information on travel and security conditions in Macau. Embassy Location: There is no U.S. diplomatic presence in Macau. Consular assistance for U.S. citizens is provided by the U.S. Consulate General in Hong Kong. The address is 26 Garden Road, Central District, Hong Kong. The telephone number in Hong Kong is (852) 2523-9011; fax (852) 2845-4845. No. 95-155 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 29, 1994 to update information on entry requirements, and provide updated telephone and fax numbers of the U.S. Consulate General in Hong Kong. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Macau ============================================================ Macau - Consular Information Sheet December 5, 1995 Country Description: Macau is a Chinese territory administered by Portugal and will return to Chinese sovereignty in 1999. Facilities for tourism are well developed. Macau includes a six-square-mile area on the mainland of China bordering the South China Sea, and the small, adjacent islands of Taipa and Coloane. Entry Requirements: Information on entry requirements may be obtained from the Embassy of Portugal at 2125 Kalorama Road N.W., Washington D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 328-8610, or from the American Consulate General in Hong Kong, telephone (852) 2523-9011. Medical Facilities: There are at least two major hospitals in Macau that have adequate medical facilities and are able to provide medical care in emergency situations. Highly developed medical facilities and trained personnel are available in Hong Kong, which is about an hour by jetfoil and ten minutes by helicopter from Macau. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is generally not valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment for medical services outside the United States. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty street crime occasionally occurs in tourist areas in Macau, including in and around casinos. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. consulate. Information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal safety can be found in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad". It can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the American Consulate General in Hong Kong can obtain updated information on travel and security conditions in Macau. Embassy Location: There is no U.S. diplomatic presence in Macau. Consular assistance for U.S. citizens is provided by the U.S. Consulate General in Hong Kong. The address is 26 Garden Road, Central District, Hong Kong. The telephone number in Hong Kong is (852) 2523-9011; fax (852) 2845-4845. No. 95-155 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 29, 1994 to update information on entry requirements, and provide updated telephone and fax numbers of the U.S. Consulate General in Hong Kong. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 Photo_2 [dd_d_WW [d[Wp pW[iW kW[hW eW[hW pW[jW W__kW [d__dWW[de W_d[WWd[dW ddWd[_d[__ d__[_[d_AW pW[W_W e[_ddWW[e[ W_e[W_[WW[ _e[_dd_edW e[d[W[(W /-/51//1/1 [de[de gWk_WW 0L&i0 DH5'H'' ?&?00##) k[[!W ?i&0& )i?0&0& -% +%-+ ~W_ W pW[d[%W 151rD'{D1 5+j{D+jM vWde(W vW[d[)W H'{'55M''M We[+W tdWWpkW S_W[W pW[ede[_[.W zW_WW_ Wg[__ [_d__[_[W_ _`d['W zW[%W (,(,(,,(, d[dd_d[[eW pW[$W vW[WW_ W~pvpv ~kppg&W deWd_d_edd _d[dWdd_e_ _d[e&W _[[__d_,W W__W[['W pWkWepWv [_[WeW~ Wg_[7W zWpk_ _deed[WW[d dee_3W Wee*W {HO3H rHQHM j! j+ ' j'D _W[dW[_3W [_[W_[W *33**3**3* 3**3**3**3 WddWW[ d_W_[ _[WZW _ddeW~ d_[WW_W 82cF.xcx xBx.xF28 4 zW[_Wk gWW~kWW_ [e[_ed e_W[e[ de_W[ee[de mS[~W S_[W[ [_WW[W_vW TU_WW vW[[uW tU~W_ WkpWvpW[[W S][d[ d[W__Wdd[d [[W[[zW WW[St kW[e_ zWWd[~W Wd_}W zW[|W NXX[[ZW |^WNPT |7#I7 s%yw~~^ TSTTWTTPb\ X[[MW qk\XNNPT Vd]IW ^TVV]HW ~^VIW Wg]TDW ~W[|W TbPVb W`[edzW ~W[W_yW WTTVTTV\N \]\adT1W waWVV VV\dX-W ^TST\-W oNT \ WddWW_ [ddeW SPP\b\W[ We_cW qgk\WV^P []WPb\T hW[^W uea[^V\XW gW[_W ^XTSbaW hW[^W eW[^W vk[[WW kkW[WW[ W WW__[_Wd_ Xe[bW PVPSb\[[wW pkXWNV \[[EW ]_X;W [_TST VbaX[0W %!Oyy e[WbVN]\_T,W ozNWPVbX*W ^[[\]T'W XNSVPSb\ Gn*GGnGn ^eeT][ !KwW\ 24422 2442442244 2244244224 4242244;AE ;28E84E822 4>42>42CC4 28C4284.>C 2284;CCB<6 =;==; =;==;c 4C==>;> 84>=>84>C; 48=84; c8>=> >>==> 4..6= H1+rQ OQH5rDH jMMjH {DHj' 'j''+M ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; -1-11 11--11 1--11 -11-1 0191- 1-11- 11--1 1y99,-9y1 -19119 01919 1919y1 1-11y1-1 --1-11 --11-1 -1191- 11--1 11--11 --1-1 1--1- 1--1- --1-- --1-1 --11- 1--11 Macedonia Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MACEDONI x8dot3 M2M2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Geography Location: Southeastern Europe, north of Greece Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe Area: total area: 25,333 sq km land area: 24,856 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Vermont Land boundaries: total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia) Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: dispute with Greece over name, symbols, and certain constitutional provisions Climate: hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall Terrain: mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River Natural resources: chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulphur, timber Land use: arable land: 5% permanent crops: 5% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 30% other: 40% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants natural hazards: high seismic risks international agreements: party to - Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection Note: landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of People Population: 2,159,503 (July 1995 est.) note: the Macedonian government census of July 1994 put the population at 1.94 million, but ethnic allocations were likely undercounted Age structure: 0-14 years: 25% (female 257,876; male 277,314) 15-64 years: 67% (female 711,810; male 733,903) 65 years and over: 8% (female 97,475; male 81,125) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.9% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.82 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74 years male: 71.87 years female: 76.3 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.02 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian Ethnic divisions: Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4% Religions: Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3% Languages: Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3% Literacy: NA% Labor force: 591,773 (June 1994) by occupation: manufacturing and mining 40% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Government Names: conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: none local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija Abbreviation: F.Y.R.O.M. Digraph: MK Type: emerging democracy Capital: Skopje Administrative divisions: 34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica Independence: 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia) National holiday: 8 September Constitution: adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991 Legal system: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991); election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected by the Assembly in 1991; reelected by popular vote in 1994 head of government: Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers; elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Sobranje Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly (Sobranje): elections last held 16 and 30 October 1994 (next to be held November 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) seats by party NA Judicial branch: Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Government Political parties and leaders: Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist Party), Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP); note - two factions competing for party name; one faction is led by Abdurahman HALITI and the other faction is led by Arber XHAFFERI; National Democratic Party (NDP), Ilijas HALINI, president; Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia - Liberal Party (SRSM-LP), Stojan ANDOV, president; Socialist Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro POPOVSKI, president; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president; Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia (SJM), Milan DURCINOV, president; Democratic Party (DP), Petar GOSEV, president Other political or pressure groups: Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK); Democratic Party of Serbs; Democratic Party of Turks; Party for Democratic Action (Slavic Muslim) Member of: CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OSCE (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 8 February 1994 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Victor D. COMRAS liaison office: ul. 27 Mart No. 5, 9100 Skopje mailing address: USLO Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch) telephone: [389] (91) 116-180 FAX: [389] (91) 117-103 Flag: 16-point gold sun (Vergina, Sun) centered on a red field THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Economy Overview: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts. An important supplement of GDP is the remittances from thousands of Macedonians working in Germany and other West European nations. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. The country's industrial output and GDP are expected to decline further in 1995. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its borders. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.9 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -15% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $900 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 54% (1994) Unemployment rate: 30% (1993 est.) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $1.06 billion (1993) commodities: manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% (1990) partners: principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania Imports: $1.2 billion (1993) commodities: fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% (1990) partners: other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria External debt: $840 million (1992) Industrial production: growth rate -14% (1993) Electricity: capacity: 1,600,000 kW THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Economy production: NA kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh (1993) Industries: low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco Agriculture: meets the basic needs for food; principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; agricultural production is highly labor intensive Illicit drugs: limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin Economic aid: recipient: US $10 million (for humanitarian and technical assistance) EC promised a 100 ECU million economic aid package (1993) Currency: the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature 26 April 1992, was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to the German mark; subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies Exchange rates: denar per US$1 - 39 (November 1994), 865 (October 1992) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Transportation Railroads: total: 922 km standard gauge: 922 km 1.435-m gauge (1994) Highways: total: 10,591 km paved: 5,091 km unpaved: gravel 1,404 km; earth 4,096 km (1991) Inland waterways: none, lake transport only Pipelines: none Ports: none Airports: total: 16 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 11 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Communications Telephone system: 125,000 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: no satellite links Radio: broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: 370,000 Television: broadcast stations: 5 (relays 2) televisions: 325,000 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Defense Forces Branches: Army, Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 585,403; males fit for military service 474,467; males reach military age (19) annually 19,693 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results MACEDONIA, FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF - Entry permission can be obtained at border points. Macedonia does not currently maintain an embassy in the U.S. For more information check with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Office, 1015 15th St., N.W., Suite 402, Washington, D.C. 20005 (202/682-0519). Macedonia - Consular Information Sheet May 5, 1994 Country Description: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) is a developing nation. Facilities for tourism are not fully developed. The use of the name "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" is provisional and subject to review. Entry Requirements: U.S. citizens need a passport and can obtain entry permission at border points of entry. The FYROM does not have an embassy or consulate in the United States, but has a representative office at 1015 15th Street NW, Suite 402, Washington, DC 20005, telephone (202) 682-0519, where further information can be obtained. Medical Facilities: Health facilities in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia are limited. Medicines are in short supply. Doctors and hospitals usually expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers' hotline on (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Theft and other petty crimes are on the rise in the FYROM, but are still low by U.S. standards. Emergency police assistance can be obtained by dialing 92. Response time varies, but is generally considered to be effective. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad," available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402. Other Information: Westerners who travel to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia can expect shortages of fuel, and in some cases, long waits for processing at the border. To date, the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and tensions in parts of Serbia-Montenegro have not otherwise significantly affected the FYROM. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia-Montenegro or the U.S. Embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria can obtain updated information on travel and security in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Embassy Location: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia has been recognized as an independent country by the United States along with several other Western nations. However, although officially recognized by the United States, no full diplomatic relations between the FYROM and the United States have been established. In December 1993, the United States opened a liaison office in Skopje, which provides only emergency services to American citizens. The U.S. Liaison Office is located at 27 Mart Street, No 5, Skopje, Macedonia. The telephone number is (389-91) 116-180, and the fax is (389- 91) 117-103. U.S. citizens seeking non-emergency assistance can contact the U.S. Embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria or the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia-Montenegro. The U.S. Embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria is located at 1 Saborna, telephone (359-2) 88-48-01 through 88-48-05. The Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy is located at 1 Kapitan Andreev Street; the telephone numbers are the same. The U.S. Embassy in Belgrade is located at Kneza Milosa 50; telephone (381- 11) 645-655. It provides limited assistance to U.S. citizens because of conflict in the general area and reduced U.S. Embassy staffing. No. 94-068 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 29, 1993, to reflect the provisional use of the name "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia," to indicate formal U.S. recognition, and to include the opening of the U.S. Liaison office in Skopje. 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OOJ;; bNbH: rNNoo; Madagascar Map Button Image 6 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar Geography Location: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique Map references: Africa Area: total area: 587,040 sq km land area: 581,540 sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Arizona Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 4,828 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m isobath exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island (all administered by France) Climate: tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south Terrain: narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center Natural resources: graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish Land use: arable land: 4% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 58% forest and woodland: 26% other: 11% Irrigated land: 9,000 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered natural hazards: periodic cyclones international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar Geography Note: world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar People Population: 13,862,325 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47% (female 3,231,647; male 3,265,715) 15-64 years: 50% (female 3,511,699; male 3,413,564) 65 years and over: 3% (female 225,205; male 214,495) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.18% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 44.82 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.99 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 86.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 54.45 years male: 52.47 years female: 56.48 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.62 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Malagasy (singular and plural) adjective: Malagasy Ethnic divisions: Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran Religions: indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7% Languages: French (official), Malagasy (official) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 80% male: 88% female: 73% Labor force: total workers: 4.9 million workers not receiving money wages: 4.7 million (96% of total labor force); note - 4.3 million workers are in subsistence agriculture wage earners: 175,000 (3.6% of total work force) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar People wage earners by occupation: agriculture 45,500, domestic service 29,750, industry 26,250, commerce 24,500, construction 19,250, service 15,750, transportation 10,500, other 3,500 (1985 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar conventional short form: Madagascar local long form: Republique de Madagascar local short form: Madagascar former: Malagasy Republic Digraph: MA Type: republic Capital: Antananarivo Administrative divisions: 6 provinces; Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliary Independence: 26 June 1960 (from France) National holiday: Independence Day, 26 June (1960) Constitution: 19 August 1992 by national referendum Legal system: based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Albert ZAFY (since 9 March 1993); election last held on 10 February 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - Albert ZAFY (UNDD), 67%; Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA), 33% head of government: Prime Minister Francisque RAVONY (since 9 August 1993) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate (Senat): two-thirds of upper house seats are to be filled from popularly elected regional assemblies; the remaining third is to be filled by presidential appointment; decentralization and formation of regional assemblies is not expected before 1997 National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held on 16 June 1993 (next to be held June 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (138 total) CFV coalition 76, PMDM/MFM 16, CSCD 11, Famima 10, RPSD 7, various pro-Ratsiraka groups 10, others 8 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme), High Constitutional Court (Haute Cour Constitutionnelle) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar Government Political parties and leaders: Committee of Living Forces (CFV), an alliance of National Union for Development and Democracy (UNDD), Support Group for Democracy and Development in Madagascar (CSDDM), Action and Reflection Group for the Development of Madagascar (GRAD), Congress Party for Madagascar Independence - Renewal (AKFM-Fanavaozana), and some 12 other parties, trade unions, and religious groups; Militant Party for the Development of Madagascar (PMDM/MFM), formerly the Movement for Proletarian Power, Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA; Confederation of Civil Societies for Development (CSCD), Guy Willy RAZANAMASY; Association of United Malagasys (Famima); Rally for Social Democracy (RPSD), Pierre TSIRANANA Other political or pressure groups: National Council of Christian Churches (FFKM); Federalist Movement Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Pierrot Jocelyn RAJAONARIVELO chancery: 2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-5525, 5526 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Dennis P. BARRETT embassy: 14-16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, Antananarivo mailing address: B. P. 620, Antananarivo telephone: [261] (2) 212-57, 200-89, 207-18 FAX: [261] (2) 345-39 Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar Economy Overview: Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world, suffering from chronic malnutrition, underfunded health and education facilities, a 3% annual population growth rate, and severe loss of forest cover, accompanied by erosion. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is the mainstay of the economy, accounting for over 30% of GDP and contributing more than 70% of total export earnings. Industry is largely confined to the processing of agricultural products and textile manufacturing; in 1991 it accounted for only 13% of GDP. In 1986 the government introduced a five-year development plan that stressed self-sufficiency in food (mainly rice) by 1990, increased production for exports, and reduced energy imports. Subsequently, growth in output has been held back because of protracted antigovernment strikes and demonstrations for political reform. Since 1993, corruption and political instability have caused the economy and infrastructure to decay further. Since April 1994, the government commitment to economic reforms has been erratic. Enormous obstacles stand in the way of Madagascar's realizing its considerable growth potential. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $10.6 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.8% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $790 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 35% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $250 million expenditures: $265 million, including capital expenditures of $180 million (1991 est.) Exports: $240 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: coffee 45%, vanilla 20%, cloves 11%, shellfish, sugar, petroleum products partners: France, US, Germany, Japan, Russia Imports: $510 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: intermediate manufactures 30%, capital goods 28%, petroleum 15%, consumer goods 14%, food 13% partners: France, Germany, Japan, UK, Italy, Netherlands External debt: $4.3 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 3.8% (1993 est.); accounts for 13% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 220,000 kW production: 560 million kWh consumption per capita: 40 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar Economy Industries: agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories, breweries, tanneries, sugar refining plants), light consumer goods industries (textiles, glassware), cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum Agriculture: accounts for 31% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa; food crops - rice, cassava, beans, bananas, peanuts; cattle raising widespread; almost self-sufficient in rice Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $136 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.125 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $491 million Currency: 1 Malagasy franc (FMG) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Malagasy francs (FMG) per US$1 - 3,718.0 (November 1994), 1,913.8 (1993), 1,864.0 (1992), 1,835.4 (1991), 1,454.6 (December 1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar Transportation Railroads: total: 1,020 km narrow gauge: 1,020 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 40,000 km paved: 4,694 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 811 km; other earth 34,495 km (est.) Inland waterways: of local importance only; isolated streams and small portions of Canal des Pangalanes Ports: Antsiranana, Mahajanga, Port Saint-Louis, Toamasina, Toliaria Merchant marine: total: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,261 GRT/28,193 DWT ships by type: cargo 5, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 Airports: total: 138 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 21 with paved runways under 914 m: 42 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 5 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 64 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; above average system local: NA intercity: open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links international: submarine cable to Bahrain; 1 earth station for Indian Ocean INTELSAT Radio: broadcast stations: AM 17, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 (repeaters 36) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Madagascar Defense Forces Branches: Popular Armed Forces (includes Intervention Forces, Development Forces, Aeronaval Forces - includes Navy and Air Force), Gendarmerie, Presidential Security Regiment Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,027,156; males fit for military service 1,800,127; males reach military age (20) annually 130,071 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $35 million, 1.3% of GDP (1991) MADAGASCAR - Passport and visa required. Visa valid 6 months for single-entry up to 90 days, $22.50; or multiple-entries, $44.15 (no personal checks). Requires 4 application forms, 4 photos, yellow fever and cholera immunizations, proof of onward/return transportation and sufficient funds for stay. Include a prepaid envelope for return of passport by registered mail. Allow 4 months to process visa for longer stay. For additional information contact Embassy of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, 2374 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/265-5525/6) or nearest Consulate: NY (212/986-9491), PA (215/893-3067) or CA (1-800/856-2721). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Madagascar ============================================================ Madagascar - Consular Information Sheet March 7, 1995 Country Description: Madagascar is a developing island nation off the east coast of Africa. Facilities for tourism are available, but vary in quality. Entry Requirements: Passports and visas are required. Evidence of yellow fever immunizations must be submitted. For additional entry information, the traveler may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Madagascar, 2374 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 265-5525/6. There is a Madagasy Consulate in New York, telephone (212) 986-9491. Honorary Consuls are located in Philadelphia (215) 895-3067 and Palo Alto (415) 323-7113. Areas of Instability: Madagascar completed a transition to a multi-party democracy in 1993, and the capital, major cities and countryside remain relatively calm. Foreigners who remain near or photograph political gatherings or demonstrations, especially in towns outside Antananarivo, may be at risk. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are minimal. Many medicines are unavailable. Doctors and hospitals often request immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Street crime poses a risk for visitors, especially in the capital, Antananarivo. Reported incidents include muggings and purse snatchings. These crimes generally occur in or near public mass transit systems, and against individuals walking at night in the Antananarivo city center. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Air Travel: Domestic and international air services operate regularly but they are subject to delays and occasional breakdowns. Air Madagascar often changes flight schedules with little or no prior warning to passengers. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Antananarivo may obtain updated information on travel and security within Madagascar. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located in the capital city of Antananarivo, at 14 and 16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola. The mailing address is B.P. 620, Antsahavola, Madagascar. The telephone number is (261-2) 212-57, 200-89 or 207-18. No. 95-037 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 18, 1993, to revise the paragraph on Areas of Instability, to delete the paragraph on Demonstrations and to add a paragraph on Air Travel. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MADAGASC Y Y{G RY>YM language (tbI: (LY5G ##>#1> ^x1^> gYLrg pv~vv m}myd} iAbs?: \j\zfj\\=C \CC;f\vQp 0vv04F 4TC,4 404C4C Q\40j @LYY(5 @Y@55 YLYYr5 coUDoc ZAAJA:A :AJ:kkOJJ ekbM: E9|K: Kx1K >x#1x^ ^1xx^K^ ^1>1x# OH::A Vw::V? ??:V?:w ?:?:?:? hw:Ab V::Vw b:Oi+ d[b::H ww:hwA: _::hw:V: @YLY( ?V:h?V: :V:VV?V:VV1: Jkb k 5k::{ A:k5+ ~A::|%) -''-''+-'+ '-+-'+-$D <''-+' '-''+'-+'- '-'++ 5k::Z '$$+-'-< '$''$$+$' $$''$-$ ''$'' <-$'$$- ''$'-+'- 5gY5@(( $'$$' '$'$$' A?6'* $>G[G 9dviX h[8G"8 ^MWMWWM* 0WMW0& =MW!, !=WM** ==MW==E^ Fviviv`?]K #@H9L= )%1%11)%1% *!7== 1%1%11)% 1b%1) [8>>G[8 O[uO8>G[ Guu8[ 0WW*% =7EM7== EWMW0* !70WE*^ E0=!WgE*EW 0=E^E7 =0gEEW *!0WW* |yS6"O8[ Q??XZW ?F?o#V 03=JE 7^EEWW0M! 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PP!(,!4 !,!!# .oo(: .1,1.# H,(#oB Malaysia Map Button Image > THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia Geography Location: Southeastern Asia, peninsula and northern one-third of the island of Borneo bordering the Java Sea and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 329,750 sq km land area: 328,550 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than New Mexico Land boundaries: total 2,669 km, Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km Coastline: 4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km) Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; State of Sabah claimed by the Philippines; Brunei may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides Brunei into two parts; two islands in dispute with Singapore; two islands in dispute with Indonesia Climate: tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons Terrain: coastal plains rising to hills and mountains Natural resources: tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 10% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 63% other: 24% Irrigated land: 3,420 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation natural hazards: flooding THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea Note: strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia People Population: 19,723,587 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 37% (female 3,559,434; male 3,690,310) 15-64 years: 59% (female 5,871,131; male 5,844,568) 65 years and over: 4% (female 423,539; male 334,605) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.24% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 27.95 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.56 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 24.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.48 years male: 66.55 years female: 72.56 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.47 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Malaysian(s) adjective: Malaysian Ethnic divisions: Malay and other indigenous 59%, Chinese 32%, Indian 9% Religions: Peninsular Malaysia: Muslim (Malays), Buddhist (Chinese), Hindu (Indians) Sabah: Muslim 38%, Christian 17%, other 45% Sarawak: tribal religion 35%, Buddhist and Confucianist 24%, Muslim 20%, Christian 16%, other 5% Languages: Peninsular Malaysia: Malay (official), English, Chinese dialects, Tamil Sabah: English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Chinese (Mandarin and Hakka dialects predominate) Sarawak: English, Malay, Mandarin, numerous tribal languages *** No data for this item *** Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 78% male: 86% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia People female: 70% Labor force: 7.627 million (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Malaysia former: Malayan Union Digraph: MY Type: constitutional monarchy note: Federation of Malaysia formed 9 July 1963; nominally headed by the paramount ruler (king) and a bicameral Parliament; Peninsular Malaysian states - hereditary rulers in all but Melaka, where governors are appointed by Malaysian Pulau Pinang Government; powers of state governments are limited by federal Constitution; Sabah - self-governing state, holds 20 seats in House of Representatives, with foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government; Sarawak - self-governing state, holds 27 seats in House of Representatives, with foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government Capital: Kuala Lumpur Administrative divisions: 13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri) and 2 federal territories* (wilayah-wilayah persekutuan, singular - wilayah persekutuan); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Labuan*, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu, Wilayah Persekutuan* Independence: 31 August 1957 (from UK) National holiday: National Day, 31 August (1957) Constitution: 31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963 Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Paramount Ruler JA'AFAR ibni Abdul Rahman (since 26 April 1994); Deputy Paramount Ruler SALAHUDDIN ibni Hisammuddin Alam Shah (since 26 April 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Dr. MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (since 16 July 1981); Deputy Prime Minister ANWAR bin Ibrahim (since 1 December 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the Paramount Ruler from members of parliament Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlimen) Senate (Dewan Negara): consists of 58 members, 32 appointed by the paramount ruler and 26 elected by the state legislatures (2 from each state) for six-year terms; elections last held NA (next to be held NA); results - NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia Government House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat): consists of 180 members, elected for five-year terms; elections last held 21 October 1990 (next to be held by December 1995); results - National Front 52%, other 48%; seats - (180 total) National Front 127, DAP 20, PAS 7, independents 4, other 22; note - within the National Front, UMNO won 71 seats and MCA won 18 seats Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Peninsular Malaysia: National Front, a confederation of 13 political parties dominated by United Malays National Organization Baru (UMNO Baru), MAHATHIR bin Mohamad; Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), LING Liong Sik; Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, LIM Keng Yaik; Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), S. Samy VELLU Sabah: National Front, SALLEH Said Keruak, Sabah Chief Minister, Sakaran DANDAI, head of Sabah State; United Sabah National Organizaton (USNO), leader NA Sarawak: coalition Sarawak National Front composed of the Party Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu (PBB), Datuk Patinggi Amar Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud; Sarawak United People's Party (SUPP), Datuk Amar James WONG Soon Kai; Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Datuk Amar James WONG; Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (PBDS), Datuk Leo MOGGIE; major opposition parties are Democratic Action Party (DAP), LIM Kit Siang and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Fadzil NOOR Member of: APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Abdul MAJID bin Mohamed chancery: 2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-2700 FAX: [1] (202) 483-7661 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador John S. WOLF embassy: 376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur mailing address: P. O. Box No. 10035, 50700 Kuala Lumpur; APO AP 96535-8152 telephone: [60] (3) 2489011 FAX: [60] (3) 2422207 Flag: fourteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow fourteen-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia Economy Overview: The Malaysian economy, a mixture of private enterprise and a soundly managed public sector, has posted a remarkable record of 9% average annual growth in 1988-94. The official growth target for 1995 is 8.5%. This growth has resulted in a substantial reduction in poverty and a marked rise in real wages. Manufactured goods exports expanded rapidly, and foreign investors continued to commit large sums in the economy. The government is aware of the inflationary potential of this rapid development and is closely monitoring fiscal and monetary policies. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $166.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 8.7% (1994) National product per capita: $8,650 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (1994) Unemployment rate: 2.9% (1994) Budget: revenues: $18.7 billion expenditures: $19.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $4.8 billion (1994) Exports: $56.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: electronic equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, palm oil, wood and wood products, rubber, textiles partners: Singapore 22%, US 20%, Japan 13%, UK 4%, Germany 4%, Thailand 4% (1993) Imports: $55.2 billion (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals, food, petroleum products partners: Japan 27%, US 17%, Singapore 15%, Taiwan 5%, Germany 4%, UK 3%, South Korea 3% (1993) External debt: $35.5 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 12% (1994); accounts for 38% of GDP (1993 est.) Electricity: capacity: 6,700,000 kW production: 31 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,528 kWh (1993) Industries: Peninsular Malaysia: rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber Sabah: logging, petroleum production Sarawak: agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia Economy Agriculture: accounts for 16% of GDP (1993 est.) Peninsular Malaysia: natural rubber, palm oil, rice Sabah: mainly subsistence, but also rubber, timber, coconut, rice Sarawak: rubber, timber, pepper; deficit of rice in all areas Illicit drugs: transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US, Western Europe, and the Third World despite severe penalties for drug trafficking; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-84), $170 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.7 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $42 million Currency: 1 ringgit (M$) = 100 sen Exchange rates: ringgits (M$) per US$1 - 2.5542 (January 1995), 2.6242 (1994), 2.5741 (1993), 2.5474 (1992), 2.7501 (1991), 1.7048 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia Transportation Railroads: total: 1,801 km (Peninsular Malaysia 1,665 km; Sabah 136 km; Sarawak 0 km) narrow gauge: 1,801 km 1.000-m gauge (Peninsular Malaysia 1,665 km; Sabah 136 km) Highways: total: 29,028 km (Peninsular Malaysia 23,602 km, Sabah 3,782 km, Sarawak 1,644 km) paved: NA (Peninsular Malaysia 19,354 km mostly bituminous treated) unpaved: NA (Peninsular Malaysia 4,248 km) Inland waterways: Peninsular Malaysia: 3,209 km Sabah: 1,569 km Sarawak: 2,518 km Pipelines: crude oil 1,307 km; natural gas 379 km Ports: Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Lahad Datu, Labuan, Lumut, Miri, Pasir Gudang, Penang, Port Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjong Berhala, Tanjong Kidurong, Tawau Merchant marine: total: 213 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,410,823 GRT/3,635,966 DWT ships by type: bulk 34, cargo 73, chemical tanker 11, container 27, liquefied gas tanker 9, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 50, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 3 Airports: total: 115 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 6 with paved runways under 914 m: 82 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia Communications Telephone system: 994,860 telephones (1984); international service good local: NA intercity: good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; 2 domestic satellite links international: submarine cables extend to India and Sarawak; SEACOM submarine cable links to Hong Kong and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) Radio: broadcast stations: AM 28, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 33 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malaysia Defense Forces Branches: Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Air Force, Royal Malaysian Police Force, Marine Police, Sarawak Border Scouts Manpower availability: males age 15-49 5,041,003; males fit for military service 3,058,445; males reach military age (21) annually 183,760 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $2.1 billion, 2.9% of GDP (1994) MALAYSIA (and the Borneo States, Sarawak and Sabah) - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 3 months. Yellow fever and cholera immunizations necessary if arriving from infected areas. AIDS test required for work permits. U.S. test somtimes accepted. For entry of pets or other types of visits, consult Embassy of Malaysia, 2401 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/328-2700) or nearest Consulate: Los Angeles (213/621-2991) or New York (212/490-2722). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Malaysia ============================================================ Malaysia - Consular Information Sheet November 30, 1995 Country Description: Malaysia is a federal parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. Tourist facilities and services are available in major areas of interest. Entry Requirements: For information on entry requirements travelers may call the Embassy of Malaysia, 2401 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 328-2700. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities and services are adequate in the larger cities. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment for medical services outside the United States. The international travelers hotline of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at (404) 332-4559 has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Malaysia has one of the highest rates of credit card fraud in the world. Petty crimes such as pickpocketing and purse-snatching are common in tourist areas. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S citizens are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they are traveling. Malaysia strictly enforces its drug laws. Malaysian legislation provides for a mandatory death penalty for convicted drug traffickers. Individuals arrested in possession of fifteen grams (1/2 ounce) of heroin or two hundred grams (7 ounces) of marijuana are presumed by law to be trafficking in drugs. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 376 Jalan Tun Razak 50400, Kuala Lumpur. The mailing address is P.O.Box No. 10035,50700 Kuala Lumpur; telephone (60-3)248-9011. The fax number for the Embassy is (60-3) 242-2207, the fax number for the Consular Section is (60-3) 248-5801. No. 95-151 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 28, 1994, to update information on entry requirements and crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Malaysia ============================================================ Malaysia - Consular Information Sheet November 30, 1995 Country Description: Malaysia is a federal parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. Tourist facilities and services are available in major areas of interest. Entry Requirements: For information on entry requirements travelers may call the Embassy of Malaysia, 2401 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 328-2700. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities and services are adequate in the larger cities. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment for medical services outside the United States. The international travelers hotline of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at (404) 332-4559 has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Malaysia has one of the highest rates of credit card fraud in the world. Petty crimes such as pickpocketing and purse-snatching are common in tourist areas. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S citizens are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they are traveling. Malaysia strictly enforces its drug laws. Malaysian legislation provides for a mandatory death penalty for convicted drug traffickers. Individuals arrested in possession of fifteen grams (1/2 ounce) of heroin or two hundred grams (7 ounces) of marijuana are presumed by law to be trafficking in drugs. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 376 Jalan Tun Razak 50400, Kuala Lumpur. The mailing address is P.O.Box No. 10035,50700 Kuala Lumpur; telephone (60-3)248-9011. The fax number for the Embassy is (60-3) 242-2207, the fax number for the Consular Section is (60-3) 248-5801. No. 95-151 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 28, 1994, to update information on entry requirements and crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Malay *k kf Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MALAYSIA *k kf 6kvjj language x^^=OY O=F=gi |"2/>,y Q//>/Q |v$ -. @ee>/ buP[E=bu[P [Pu=b= ^@r^V= Kg=V^= Kxgg^Oxg V==O^=^xFg =g=g= Voo^g= FOF==^ oFK=FF=K ==K==FK==K F=OK==KW= KF==F oFoKl= K=V`J ,k|Vg xO==x %R'jl= F=VH'U x=K^Y KRi)= KOggVxx^ OK=KO=FO ^W2k^ Fo^=go=VK^ goKVKO V^K^OKgK A]A%! ^=vcg.= 8C8C8C8 V^gg\ 3k|F!= h#&&#&# &#&&#&#&#& #&#&#&#&&# 99#&#&#&#& ++1+1+h &1+1+11+11 ++11+1++1+ 2g==F h&++&## +&&+& &+#&&#&##+ +#&+#1 ++&&#&+##+ +##+#& V==F=K` K^^jj==K h&1&h +Gh#G h&++9 h&++> h&+1# h&++& F=F=K h&++& h&++& ^Vx^OO=x ,D_DU h&++&h 9h9&hG91hG +&GhG& #1&#&1 #&++#&&+#+ +#&+# -%- OKS&1&h Iu==VY:g S&+1+&&+1+ +1+1+11&&+ 1+1+1+1+1+ 1+1+1+1&&+ 1+1+1+1+&> %]A%A ]-%A ]AA KV^=k wAAw] F==E=E =E=EI a==x} =E[bP E==E=E[ E==IP Eu[== KFFKF"= FxO=OF^F^F =O=OKOK^o goO^VOgO=O OgOgKVVKV^ VKV^KK ks=s$ Ko=g^gF ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; MFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIF IIPIP PIPIP PIPIP PIPIP PIPIP PIPIP PIPIP PIPIP PIPIPIQIYQ YQYIQQYIYQ MQQIYQYQM MQYQYIQIYQ YQYIQIYIPI YIYIYIQQYI YQYQY YQYIYIQIYQ YIYIQIYIYI YIQIYIYQYI QQYQYIY IYIQIYI YIYIQIY !PIYYfPY fYPfYY YPfYY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY YPfPY PPfPP F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 IFQFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFQFIF IFQFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFQF M#Q'}K $'B% yIrIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF IFIFIFIF= @-zto |tt.O< hydG}sG t-zAsNG %$:OQ4 AJV544 8Z%(& L5Btz s\hez- e6F6R 6R6F6R6R6R 6R6R6R6R6R 6R6R6R6F6R 6F6R6F6R6F 6F6F6F6F6F 6F6R6F6F6F 6R6F6R6F6R 6F6R6F6R6F 6R6F6F6F6F 6F6R6F6 yIFQFQFQ FQFQFQFQFQ FIFQFQFQFQ FQFIFQFQFQ FIFQFIFQRQ RhRQRQRQRQ FIFIFhFQFI FIFIFIFrFI FrFh6hFQFQ RQFIFIFIFr FIFr6= +(!1!, !1!,!1!,!1 !,!1!,!1!, !1!,!1!,!1 !,!1!,!1!, !1!,!1!,!1 !,!1!,!1!, !1!,!1!,!1 !,!1!,!1!, !1!,!1!,! Maldives Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MALDIVES x8dot3 & THE WORLD FACTBOOK Maldives Geography Location: Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India Map references: Asia Area: total area: 300 sq km land area: 300 sq km comparative area: slightly more than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 644 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 35-310 nm as defined by geographic coordinates; segment of zone coincides with maritime boundary with India territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August) Terrain: flat with elevations only as high as 2.5 meters Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 10% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 3% other: 84% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies natural hazards: low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea Note: 1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls; archipelago of strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean THE WORLD FACTBOOK Maldives People Population: 261,310 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47% (female 60,038; male 63,042) 15-64 years: 50% (female 63,526; male 67,020) 65 years and over: 3% (female 3,537; male 4,147) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.58% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 42.8 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 50 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 65.49 years male: 63.99 years female: 67.07 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.17 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Maldivian(s) adjective: Maldivian Ethnic divisions: Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab, African Religions: Sunni Muslim Languages: Divehi (dialect of Sinhala; script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1985) total population: 91% male: 91% female: 92% Labor force: 66,000 (est.) by occupation: fishing industry 25% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Maldives Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Maldives conventional short form: Maldives Digraph: MV Type: republic Capital: Male Administrative divisions: 19 districts (atolls); Aliff, Baa, Daalu, Faafu, Gaafu Aliff, Gaafu Daalu, Haa Aliff, Haa Daalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Laviyani, Meemu, Naviyani, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Waavu Independence: 26 July 1965 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 26 July (1965) Constitution: 4 June 1968 Legal system: based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); election last held 1 October 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM was reelected with 92.76% of the vote cabinet: Ministry of Atolls; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral Citizens' Council (Majlis): elections last held 2 December 1994 (next to be held NA December 1999); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (48 total, 40 elected, 8 appointed by the president) independents 40 Judicial branch: High Court Political parties and leaders: although political parties are not banned, none exist; country governed by the Didi clan for the past eight centuries Member of: AsDB, C, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: Maldives has no embassy in the US, but does have a UN mission in New York; Permanent Representative to the UN Ahmed ZAKI US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there consular agency: Midhath Hilmy, Male telephone: 322581 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Maldives Government Flag: red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag THE WORLD FACTBOOK Maldives Economy Overview: Fishing is the largest industry, employing 25% of the work force and accounting for over 60% of exports. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. During the 1980s tourism became one of the most important and highest growth sectors of the economy. In 1993, tourism accounted for 17% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. The Maldivian government initiated an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a minor role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivatable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. In 1993, industry which consisted mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts accounted for about 6% of GDP. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $360 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 5.4% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $1,500 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 20% (1993) Unemployment rate: NEGL% Budget: revenues: $95 million (excluding foreign transfers) expenditures: $143 million, including capital expenditures of $71 million (1993 est.) Exports: $38.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: fish, clothing partners: US, UK, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Germany Imports: $177.8 million (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum products partners: Singapore, Germany, Sri Lanka, India, Japan External debt: $130 million (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 24% (1990); accounts for 6% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 5,000 kW production: 30 million kWh consumption per capita: 123 kWh (1993) Industries: fishing and fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, some coconut processing, garments, woven mats, coir (rope), handicrafts Agriculture: fishing, coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Maldives Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $28 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $125 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $14 million Currency: 1 rufiyaa (Rf) = 100 laari Exchange rates: rufiyaa (Rf) per US$1 - 11.770 (January 1995), 11.586 (1994), 10.957 (1993), 10.569 (1992), 10.253 (1991), 9.509 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Maldives Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA (Male has 9.6 km of coral highways within the city) Ports: Gan, Male Merchant marine: total: 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 50,384 GRT/77,771 DWT ships by type: cargo 14, container 1, oil tanker 1 Airports: total: 2 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Maldives Communications Telephone system: 2,804 telephones; minimal domestic and international facilities local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Maldives Defense Forces Branches: National Security Service (paramilitary police force) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 57,172; males fit for military service 31,911 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP MALDIVES - Passport required. Tourist visa issued upon arrival, no charge. Visitors must have proof of onward/return transportation and sufficient funds (minimum of $10 per person per day). Check with Embassy of Maldives in Sri Lanka, 25 Melbourne Avenue, Colombo 4, Sri Lanka or the Maldives Mission to the U.N. in New York (212/599-6195) for further information. Maldives - Consular Information Sheet August 15, 1994 Country Description: Maldives is a group of islands west of Sri Lanka, off the southern tip of India. Facilities for tourism are relatively well developed in most beach areas. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Tourist visas are issued upon arrival at no charge. Visitors must have proof of onward/return transportation and sufficient funds. For further information the traveler can contact the Embassy of Maldives in Sri Lanka, at 25 Melbourne Avenue, Colombo 4, Sri Lanka, or the Maldives Mission to the U.N. in New York, telephone (212) 599-6195. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited and some medicine may be unavailable. Doctors and clinics often require immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental coverage which specifically covers overseas treatment has proven useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: There is a low rate of crime in Maldives. However, petty crime does exist. Valuables left on beaches are subject to thievery. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. There is no U.S. Embassy in Maldives, but travelers may contact the consular agent in Male, Maldives. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to South Asia." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced in Maldives. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register with the consular agent in Maldives, or in the consular section of the U.S. Embassy in Colombo, Sri Lanka, can obtain updated information on travel and security within Maldives. Embassy Location: There is no U.S. Embassy in Maldives. The U.S. ambassador to Sri Lanka is also accredited to the Maldives. There is a U.S. consular agent in Male, the capital city of Maldives. The agent's address is Mandhu Edurruge, 20-05 Violet Magu, Male, Republic of Maldives. The local telephone number is 322581 or 325199. The consular agent works under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Embassy in Sri Lanka. No. 94-161 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 27, 1993, without change, following an annual review. Map Button Image Show Map NgNsM PONN M JIJ M NMjdMN MMNW3M NWMMSNMMNM % A1%% AA. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; 6D/"2c !1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g :g:g:g:g:g !1!1! !1!1! !1!1! !1!1! !1!1! !1!1! !1!1! !1!1! !1!1! !1!1! !1!1! ,1,1,1, Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights x8dot3 French language / THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mali Geography Location: Western Africa, southwest of Algeria Map references: Africa Area: total area: 1.24 million sq km land area: 1.22 million sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Texas Land boundaries: total 7,243 km, Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: the disputed international boundary between Burkina and Mali was submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in October 1983 and the ICJ issued its final ruling in December 1986, which both sides agreed to accept; Burkina and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast Natural resources: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 25% forest and woodland: 7% other: 66% Irrigated land: 50 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching natural hazards: hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Nuclear Test Ban Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mali People Population: 9,375,132 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 2,240,565; male 2,242,373) 15-64 years: 49% (female 2,416,952; male 2,165,043) 65 years and over: 3% (female 162,234; male 147,965) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.89% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 51.88 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 19.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 104.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 46.37 years male: 44.7 years female: 48.09 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.33 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Malian(s) adjective: Malian Ethnic divisions: Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5% Religions: Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1% Languages: French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages Literacy: age 6 and over can read and write (1988) total population: 19% male: 27% female: 12% Labor force: 2.666 million (1986 est.) by occupation: agriculture 80%, services 19%, industry and commerce 1% (1981) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mali Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Mali conventional short form: Mali local long form: Republique de Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan Digraph: ML Type: republic Capital: Bamako Administrative divisions: 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou Independence: 22 September 1960 (from France) National holiday: Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 22 September (1960) Constitution: adopted 12 January 1992 Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Alpha Oumar KONARE (since 8 June 1992); election last held in April 1992 (next to be held April 1997); Alpha KONARE was elected in runoff race against Montaga TALL head of government: Prime Minister Ibrahima Boubacar KEITA (since March 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly: elections last held on 8 March 1992 (next to be held February 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (116 total) Adema 76, CNID 9, US/RAD 8, Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa 6, RDP 4, UDD 4, RDT 3, UFDP 3, PDP 2, UMDD 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) Political parties and leaders: Association for Democracy (Adema), Ibrahim Baubacar KEITA; National Congress for Democratic Initiative (CNID), Mountaga TALL; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally (US/RDA), Mamadou Madeira KEITA; Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa; Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP), Almamy SYLLA; Union for Democracy and Development (UDD), Moussa Balla COULIBALY; Rally for Democracy and Labor (RDT); Union of Democratic Forces for Progress (UFDP), Dembo DIALLO; Party for Democracy and Progress (PDP), Idrissa TRAORE; Malian Union for Democracy and Development (UMDD) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mali Government Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ibrahim Siragatou CISSE chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: (vacant) (Ambassador William H. DAMERON III retired March 1995) embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako telephone: [223] 22 54 70 FAX: [223] 22 37 12 Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mali Economy Overview: Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The economy is beginning to turn around after contracting through 1992-93, largely because of enhanced exports and import substitute production in the wake of the 50% devaluation of January 1994. Post-devaluation inflation appears to have peaked at 35% in 1994 and the government appears to be keeping on track with its IMF structural adjustment program. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $600 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 35% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $376 million expenditures: $697 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.) Exports: $415 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: cotton, livestock, gold partners: mostly franc zone and Western Europe Imports: $842 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, construction materials, petroleum, textiles partners: mostly franc zone and Western Europe External debt: $2.6 billion (1991 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -1.4% (1992 est.); accounts for 13.0% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 90,000 kW production: 310 million kWh consumption per capita: 33 kWh (1993) Industries: minor local consumer goods production and food processing, construction, phosphate and gold mining Agriculture: accounts for 50% of GDP; mostly subsistence farming; cotton and livestock products account for over 70% of exports; other crops - millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mali Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $349 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.02 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $92 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $190 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mali Transportation Railroads: total: 642 km; note - linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes narrow gauge: 642 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 15,700 km paved: 1,670 km unpaved: gravel, improved earth 3,670 km; unimproved earth 10,360 km Inland waterways: 1,815 km navigable Ports: Koulikoro Airports: total: 33 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 10 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 12 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mali Communications Telephone system: 11,000 telephones; domestic system poor but improving; provides only minimal service local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay, wire, and radio communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress international: 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mali Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police (Surete Nationale) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,861,977; males fit for military service 1,062,916 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $66 million, 2.2% of GDP (1994) MALI - Passport and visa required. Visa must be obtained in advance. Tourist/business visa for stay up to 4 weeks, may be extended after arrival, requires $17 fee (cash or money order), 2 application forms, 2 photos, proof of onward/return transportation and yellow fever vaccination. (Cholera immunization is recommended.) For business travel, must have company letter stating purpose of trip. Send SASE for return of passport if applying by mail. Apply Embassy of the Republic of Mali, 2130 R St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/332-2249). Mali - Consular Information Sheet September 21, 1994 Country Description: Mali is a developing West African nation with a new democratically elected system of government. Facilities for tourism are limited. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. For further information, the traveler may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Mali, 2130 R Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 332-2249. Areas of Instability: Attacks by groups of armed bandits, usually focused on vehicle theft, have occurred in the Timbuktu, Gao and Kidal regions. Overland travel to the areas north of the Niger River in the Mopti region, as well as to the areas near the Mauritanian border is also risky. Tourists who have traveled by air have not been threatened. However, travel by river boat may be dangerous; a river boat was attacked in the summer by bandits, and several travelers were injured. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited. Many medicines are unavailable. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including medical evacuation, has proved useful. Information on health matters may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: While crime in general continues to escalate in Mali, petty crimes, such as pickpocketing and simple theft, are still most common. Less frequent, yet more serious, are the incidents of armed robberies and banditry that occur in the downtown Bamako area and along major travel routes, near principal cities. Victims have included foreigners. Travelers who stay alert, remain in groups, avoid poorly lit areas, etc., especially during the hours of darkness may avoid problems. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Road Conditions: The roads from Bamako to Mopti, Douentza, Koutiala, Sikasso, and Bougouni, and a few other roads are paved. Road conditions on other routes are poor, particularly in the rainy season which runs from mid- June to mid-September. On major roads, stops at customs and police checkpoints are frequent. Driving is particularly hazardous after dark, and nighttime travel may be dangerous. Photography: Photography is no longer restricted, except for military subjects. However, interpretation of what may be considered off limits varies. Other subjects may be considered sensitive from a cultural or religious viewpoint, and it is helpful to obtain permission before taking photographs in Mali. Currency: The Malian currency is the CFA franc which is exchangeable for French francs at a fixed rate. Exchange of dollars in cash or travelers checks is slow and often involves out-of-date rates. The U.S. Embassy cannot provide exchange facilities for non-official Americans. Use of credit cards is limited to payment for services at two hotels in Bamako. Cash advances on credit cards are performed by only one bank in Mali, the BMCD Bank in Bamako, and only on a "Visa" credit card. Telephone Service: International calls are expensive, and collect calls cannot be made from Mali. Calls to the United States cost approximately ten dollars a minute. Outside Bamako, it is often impossible to obtain an international telephone line. Exportation of Artifacts: In 1993, the U.S. government began providing emergency protection for Malian cultural property, thereby restricting the importation of Malian archeological cultural property to the U.S. While these U.S. restrictions apply only to archeological items, travelers planning to export any Malian cultural property are required by Malian law to obtain an export authorization from the National Museum in Bamako. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Bamako may obtain updated informaton on travel and security in Mali. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at the intersection of Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, in Bamako, the capital city. The mailing address is B.P. 34, Bamako, Mali. The telephone number is (223) 22-54-70. The fax number is (223) 22-39-33. No. 94-224 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated June 13, 1994, to note that river boat travel may be risky and to revise the paragraph on crime. 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'?` ) `'))' #')'# ) p%p l 3% _Bp_ =B:(_*BPB % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K #%#%% %%#%% 55%%#%QQ Q%%## p5%p5 p p#p p%p%p %%pQp p%p%%#p ##%#%%p%p% %%ppQ p#p%% p%pp%#p% %pp%J #%%pp %%pp# Q QO QMQQMM( BOJ;; >>%%> %>>%% %%pp># %%>>p p%p>p ##p>p% p%p>p%p% #p%p%% p%p%p %p>pp> %>p%p %>>p% %%>%> pp%%> %%>%pp pp%>%>%>> >%%>>%%>%> #%%>>% >%%>%>%%>% >>%%>>%> >%%>> %>>%> %%>%p> %%>%>p> %%>>%> p>%%>> %%>>%%>%> >%>>%> >%>%> >%>%> %%>%>%%> %%p>> p#p%% p>>%p%p> >%p%p>% >p>%>%>p>% p%p>>%p %p%pp% %%>p% %%>%% BOJ;; LV]4]4] 4]4L4]4 4L4]4]4 4]4]4 4]4]4]4 4]4L494? 2k0k0k4 Malta Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MALTA x8dot3 English (British) language ---- THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta Geography Location: Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy) Map references: Europe Area: total area: 320 sq km land area: 320 sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 140 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 25 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration Climate: Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers Terrain: mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs Natural resources: limestone, salt Land use: arable land: 38% permanent crops: 3% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 59% Irrigated land: 10 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desalination natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta Geography Note: the country comprises an archipelago, with only the 3 largest islands (Malta, Gozo, and Comino) being inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta People Population: 369,609 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 22% (female 39,199; male 41,581) 15-64 years: 67% (female 123,665; male 124,167) 65 years and over: 11% (female 23,597; male 17,400) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.75% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 13.22 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.43 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.02 years male: 74.75 years female: 79.48 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.92 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Maltese (singular and plural) adjective: Maltese Ethnic divisions: Arab, Sicilian, Norman, Spanish, Italian, English Religions: Roman Catholic 98% Languages: Maltese (official), English (official) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1985) total population: 84% male: 86% female: 82% Labor force: 127,200 by occupation: government (excluding job corps) 37%, services 26%, manufacturing 22%, training programs 9%, construction 4%, agriculture 2% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Malta conventional short form: Malta Digraph: MT Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Valletta Administrative divisions: none (administration directly from Valletta) Independence: 21 September 1964 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 21 September (1964) Constitution: 1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974 Legal system: based on English common law and Roman civil law; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Ugo MIFSUD BONNICI (since 4 April 1994) head of government: Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Dr. Edward (Eddie) FENECH ADAMI (since 12 May 1987); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Guido DE MARCO (since 14 May 1987) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president on advice of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives: elections last held 22 February 1992 (next to be held by February 1997); results - NP 51.8%, MLP 46.5%; seats - (usually 65 total) MLP 36, NP 29; note - additional seats are given to the party with the largest popular vote to ensure a legislative majority; current total: 69 (MLP 33, NP 36 after adjustment) Judicial branch: Constitutional Court, Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Party (NP), Edward FENECH ADAMI; Malta Labor Party (MLP), Alfred SANT Member of: C, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Albert Borg Olivier DE PUGET chancery: 2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 462-3611, 3612 FAX: [1] (202) 387-5470 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta Government consulate(s): New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph R. PAOLINO, Jr. embassy: 2nd Floor, Development House, Saint Anne Street, Floriana, Malta mailing address: P. O. Box 535, Valletta telephone: [356] 235960 FAX: [356] 243229 Flag: two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta Economy Overview: Significant resources are limestone, a favorable geographic location, and a productive labor force. Malta produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited freshwater supplies, and has no domestic energy sources. Consequently, the economy is highly dependent on foreign trade and services. Manufacturing and tourism are the largest contributors to the economy. Manufacturing accounts for about 24% of GDP, with the electronics and textile industries major contributors and with the state-owned Malta drydocks employing about 4,300 people. In 1994, over 1,000,000 tourists visited the island. Per capita GDP of $10,760 places Malta in the range of the less affluent EU countries. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.9 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $10,760 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 4.5% (March 1994) Budget: revenues: $1.4 billion expenditures: $1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $215 million (FY94/95 est.) Exports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, clothing and footware, printed matter partners: Italy 32%, Germany 16%, UK 8% Imports: $2.1 billion (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: food, petroleum, machinery and semimanufactured goods partners: Italy 27%, Germany 14%, UK 13%, US 9% External debt: $603 million (1992) Industrial production: growth rate 5.4% (1992); accounts for 27% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 250,000 kW production: 1.1 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,749 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism, electronics, ship repairyard, construction, food manufacturing, textiles, footwear, clothing, beverages, tobacco Agriculture: accounts for 3% of GDP and 2% of the work force (1992); overall, 20% self-sufficient; main products - potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs; generally adequate supplies of vegetables, poultry, milk, pork products; seasonal or periodic shortages in grain, animal fodder, fruits, other basic foodstuffs THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta Economy Illicit drugs: transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $172 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $336 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $76 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $48 million Currency: 1 Maltese lira (LM) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Maltese liri (LM) per US$1 - 0.3656 (January 1995), 0.3776 (1994), 0.3821 (1993), 0.3178 (1992), 0.3226 (1991), 0.3172 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 1,291 km paved: asphalt 1,179 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 77 km; earth 35 km Ports: Marsaxlokk, Valletta Merchant marine: total: 964 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,518,359 GRT/26,604,739 DWT ships by type: barge carrier 3, bulk 272, cargo 300, chemical tanker 30, combination bulk 26, combination ore/oil 16, container 33, liquefied gas tanker 3, multifunction large-load carrier 3, oil tanker 191, passenger 7, passenger-cargo 3, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 14, roll-on/roll-off cargo 26, short-sea passenger 20, specialized tanker 5, vehicle carrier 11 note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 49 countries; the 10 major fleet flags are: Greece 351 ships, Russia 66, Croatia 63, Switzerland 31, Montenegro 29, Italy 27, Germany 23, Monaco 20, UK 20, and Georgia 10 Airports: total: 1 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta Communications Telephone system: 153,000 telephones; automatic system satisfies normal requirements local: NA intercity: submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands international: 1 submarine cable and 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Malta Defense Forces Branches: Armed Forces, Maltese Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 98,525; males fit for military service 78,305 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $21.4 million, about 0.9% of GDP (FY92/93) 'MALTA - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 3 months (extendable - extension must be applied for prior to end of 3-month period or expiration of original visa). Visa requires 3 application forms, 2 photos, proof of onward/return transportation and $46 fee (check or money order). Transit visa available for $31. For additional information consult Embassy of Malta, 2017 Conn. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/462-3611/2) or nearest Consulate: CA (213/939-5011 and 415/468-4321), MA (617/259-1391), MI (313/525-9777), MO (816/833-0033), MN (612/228-0935), NY (212/725-2345), PA (412/262-8460) or TX (713/497-2100 or 713/999-1812). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Malta ============================================================ Malta - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Malta is a small, developed, democratic Mediterranean island nation, positioned as a cultural and political stepping-stone between Europe and North Africa. Tourist facilities of all categories are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information concerning entry requirements for Malta, travelers can contact the Embassy of Malta at 2017 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 462-3611, or the Maltese Consulate in New York City. Medical Facilities: Medical care is available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Malta has a low rate of violent crime. Incidents of Pickpocketing and purse-snatching are relatively rare; however, break-ins and thefts from parked vehicles and thefts of cars are on the increase. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Malta, penalties for possession, use, and dealing of illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security in Malta. The U.S. Embassy in Malta is located on the third floor of Development House, St. Anne Street, Floriana, Valletta. The Consular Section's telephone is (356) 235-960. No. 95-144 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 26, 1994, without change, following an annual review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Malta ============================================================ Malta - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Malta is a small, developed, democratic Mediterranean island nation, positioned as a cultural and political stepping-stone between Europe and North Africa. Tourist facilities of all categories are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information concerning entry requirements for Malta, travelers can contact the Embassy of Malta at 2017 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 462-3611, or the Maltese Consulate in New York City. Medical Facilities: Medical care is available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Malta has a low rate of violent crime. Incidents of Pickpocketing and purse-snatching are relatively rare; however, break-ins and thefts from parked vehicles and thefts of cars are on the increase. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Malta, penalties for possession, use, and dealing of illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security in Malta. The U.S. Embassy in Malta is located on the third floor of Development House, St. Anne Street, Floriana, Valletta. The Consular Section's telephone is (356) 235-960. No. 95-144 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 26, 1994, without change, following an annual review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Malta ============================================================ Malta - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Malta is a small, developed, democratic Mediterranean island nation, positioned as a cultural and political stepping-stone between Europe and North Africa. Tourist facilities of all categories are widely available. Entry Requirements: For information concerning entry requirements for Malta, travelers can contact the Embassy of Malta at 2017 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 462-3611, or the Maltese Consulate in New York City. Medical Facilities: Medical care is available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Malta has a low rate of violent crime. Incidents of Pickpocketing and purse-snatching are relatively rare; however, break-ins and thefts from parked vehicles and thefts of cars are on the increase. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Malta, penalties for possession, use, and dealing of illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security in Malta. The U.S. Embassy in Malta is located on the third floor of Development House, St. Anne Street, Floriana, Valletta. The Consular Section's telephone is (356) 235-960. No. 95-144 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 26, 1994, without change, following an annual review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 Photo_2 f?YOO iN1[i bi@[bs RROLd gLT?L XL_yg XLO>L yLR=L ROLRL RTLOLOLn OXWTW {LTLROTLd LMLMMLKLO RLOLg JJLKGKG RTTRPYTg ;U`rU`+r YLXR3L OLLOL ;`k`U`' {LR3L ;BB|Uk UBU|| OLRLX dLO2L OTLWOd nYLO1L $$@b> 1@b$%$ @:Nb[1 OWWXLd RTLRLy 9Em99}] ]3ee9 f'fBr+; `UB|` LWT1L UB'`; KLDDv *(E~!e tnt\L mm}eme }m}}m~ {LTLR5L vqqvq LRTRRO5L PRR9L dLONL YLOML tLRML RLRLn LWOPL gy_LXRL LOOJL WOLRROORLL ROOIL j_OLL WXL__WT\_YIL LTTRLLOj OTLTTLOTOT5L ORLMROO7L \OXWT RTTWL YLOGL RLgtdtLOgOLL LTOLO OOLTRLRRTOIL RRTOTTRTTO TRTLg LXTRTO WRTORTRTO&L RRORLLRML OLtt{g XyjtL Y{yXt _LO$L LXOTRR tjj_LOpL LOOLX {LRxL LTLWO OOLTdYX_LX \\XOdYXdLW gWLWOLRRL\ dRTTLOR"L RLLROLOLR OLR$L LOOLLO OLOOLOLLOO$L YLO|L RLRLt LRXLj X=L*O \LO)_) Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MAN__ISL *"*{G 4*@*M j*`*f language N]](c !! ! !!' 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"/+-({ 1+-+, ,08@? "/++/ +/3%\ ++-+" 3+,08@? "/++/" ++-++ 5+-+,08@? "/++/" ++-++ \\%-+,08@? "/++/% ++-++ /+,08@? "/++/"r 5\A5\/"k 5hA"+ "\k1"+ ++-+" /\A5\A% 0"A\A ,08@?D@ (3("+/+%( +%+/"(/" +"+/+/%"/- A+/"(/" +/+"(3+% %+"(/+// ,08@? +/+-({ //+/++//+5 ++//+ ++//-++ //+// ,08@?B@ E@lW$@ ENEJJ 1-8@?B@ @E@J@JEJ@ JE@JEEJJEJ JEJEJEJJEE @@JE@EJEJN ?@85, 55055 /58@?[@ JNNE@TtJJE E@J@J@E@E@ Zpx@B@J@ ?@8^4 8@?D@ Rlx|l lT|@p E@ddERW^dZ dEZJW^^T@E EppW@@WT ENE@TW@@J@ ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; `EP]B QTP*]] /B2BJ;[ [4]"#\p &2=H! []2Ep P*4]+ *.88p %+Ace `h68b b6866 Z Z[h r68[8 A%BA@ 0hh6E AkABW$ %z-+h 6E ZAW bhbr68 p66e rh6[8! 6^?ke Q\h<" Martinique Map Button Image ) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique Header Affiliation: (overseas department of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique Geography Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 1,100 sq km land area: 1,060 sq km comparative area: slightly more than six times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 290 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October) Terrain: mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano Natural resources: coastal scenery and beaches, cultivable land Land use: arable land: 10% permanent crops: 8% meadows and pastures: 30% forest and woodland: 26% other: 26% Irrigated land: 60 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years) international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique People Population: 394,787 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 23% (female 44,960; male 46,512) 15-64 years: 67% (female 134,439; male 130,642) 65 years and over: 10% (female 22,058; male 16,176) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.1% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 16.92 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.82 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.67 years male: 75.94 years female: 81.53 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.81 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Martiniquais (singular and plural) adjective: Martiniquais Ethnic divisions: African and African-Caucasian-Indian mixture 90%, Caucasian 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5% Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 5% Languages: French, Creole patois Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982) total population: 93% male: 92% female: 93% Labor force: 100,000 by occupation: service industry 31.7%, construction and public works 29.4%, agriculture 13.1%, industry 7.3%, fisheries 2.2%, other 16.3% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique Government Names: conventional long form: Department of Martinique conventional short form: Martinique local long form: Departement de la Martinique local short form: Martinique Digraph: MB Type: overseas department of France Capital: Fort-de-France Administrative divisions: none (overseas department of France) Independence: none (overseas department of France) National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789) Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) Legal system: French legal system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981) head of government: Prefect Michel MORIN (since NA); President of the General Council Claude LISE (since 22 March 1992); President of the Regional Council Emile CAPGRAS (since 22 March 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers Legislative branch: unicameral General Council and a unicameral Regional Assembly General Council: elections last held 25 September and 8 October 1988 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (44 total) number of seats by party NA; note - a leftist coalition obtained a one-seat margin Regional Assembly: elections last held on 22 March 1992 (next to be held by March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (41 total) RPR-UDF 16, MIM 9, PPM 9, PCM 5, independents 2 French Senate: elections last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) UDF 1, PPM 1 French National Assembly: elections last held NA June 1993 (next to be held NA June 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (4 total) RPR 3, FSM 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique Government Political parties and leaders: Rally for the Republic (RPR), Stephen BAGOE; Union for a Martinique of Progress (UMP); Martinique Progressive Party (PPM), Aime CESAIRE; Socialist Federation of Martinique (FSM), Michel YOYO; Martinique Communist Party (PCM); Martinique Patriots (PM); Union for French Democracy (UDF), Jean MARAN; Martinique Independence Movement (MIM), Alfred MARIE-JEANNE; Republican Party (PR), Jean BAILLY Other political or pressure groups: Proletarian Action Group (GAP); Alhed Marie-Jeanne Socialist Revolution Group (GRS); Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance (ARC); Central Union for Martinique Workers (CSTM), Marc PULVAR; Frantz Fanon Circle; League of Workers and Peasants; Parti Martiniquais Socialiste (PMS); Association for the Protection of Martinique's Heritage (ecologist) Member of: FZ, WCL, WFTU Diplomatic representation in US: none (overseas department of France) US diplomatic representation: the post closed in August 1993 (overseas department of France) Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique Economy Overview: The economy is based on sugarcane, bananas, tourism, and light industry. Agriculture accounts for about 10% of GDP and the small industrial sector for 10%. Sugar production has declined, with most of the sugarcane now used for the production of rum. Banana exports are increasing, going mostly to France. The bulk of meat, vegetable, and grain requirements must be imported, contributing to a chronic trade deficit that requires large annual transfers of aid from France. Tourism has become more important than agricultural exports as a source of foreign exchange. The majority of the work force is employed in the service sector and in administration. Banana workers launched protests late in 1992 because of falling banana prices and fears of greater competition in the European market from other producers. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.9 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $10,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.9% (1990) Unemployment rate: 32.1% (1990) Budget: revenues: $610 million expenditures: $1.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991) Exports: $247 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: refined petroleum products, bananas, rum, pineapples partners: France 57%, Guadeloupe 31%, French Guiana (1991) Imports: $1.75 billion (c.i.f., 1992) commodities: petroleum products, crude oil, foodstuffs, construction materials, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods partners: France 62%, UK, Italy, Germany, Japan, US (1991) External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 113,100 kW production: 700 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,677 kWh (1993) Industries: construction, rum, cement, oil refining, sugar, tourism Agriculture: including fishing and forestry, accounts for about 10% of GDP; principal crops - pineapples, avocados, bananas, flowers, vegetables, sugarcane for rum; dependent on imported food, particularly meat and vegetables Illicit drugs: transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique Economy Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.1 billion Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 1,680 km paved: 1,300 km unpaved: gravel, earth 380 km Ports: Fort-de-France, La Trinite Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 2 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique Communications Telephone system: 68,900 telephones; domestic facilities are adequate local: NA intercity: NA international: interisland microwave radio relay links to Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Saint Lucia; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 10 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Martinique Defense Forces Branches: French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie Note: defense is the responsibility of France (3I3 Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MARTINIQ T4J4f language p{IUnN woKUoN _RZpN nNZoN nNZnN UNTN\ nTUZjN zNNZiN biKIY ZNTeN ZTUdN nTZcN nZZbN n_ZaN nTZ`N zNTT^N TZT]N eTT\N eTZ[N _TZZN nTZYN zNZXN zNZVN zT\UN zNZTSN TTU\\N \NNUTNUUZU ZTZUZCN \\NT_T ZT\\ZNTNUT ZNUTUBN nNT@N UUNUU NUUNNU NU[UUN[NUN ie N*R ][N]N]]U[ []][]][[N] N[`[[`[]N]*N qoiqi`]Uj[ `uooNooNjq iNUqe]Ueqj `]`[]qeP eeTNTZZNUN U`UU[U PUNNU`U U`['N UUNNU UUTTNTNNUN NNobNNUN o[NUNf foNU/N []N[]U[ N[]NN[NU[[ U]U2N obNNfjN`jN UofNUNNUNN Uo[NjiNU+N ][NNU UU[UNUNUN[ UUNU[NN[UN NUUNU[NN[N 4)9hm'HA' yCHh'm,m> U][,N [^UNU[+N []NT] [NN[U[]N fNP&N T][N[ [UNU`]UNU] N{oN`N NqqNjjNNUN fNU%N uNU$N uNU$N XWWfWXKNG qNU%N ``UU[NU]N] ]``UN [NN]UNN]UN [[]NN]N]N[ ]NU`]N[ ]NN[U UNUNN][ U[NUUNN[ [NnbNUPPN[ oN[U]][NU` NU[NU]U][N N`PPU`N N]U(N N]U*N ]NN[U UUNUU [NNUUNN[UN %*%*%*%*%c $*%*%*%* %*%*%*%*%* UN``UU N]``UNN]`` [NN]``[[`` ]NN]]NN`UU T[U,N bN].N TU]/N fUU1N J@@J@ oNU6N*W oNUN[`UkN [[]nN U[N][N[ NUU[NNUUNN UU[U[UNUN[ U[NUN\ N]UlN [fN`f[]U `]]UU] bNU[Nq N``UjN PoNPjN uPUhN iNUNoo NUNouNUi iqiNN[ NnvNUN[` UNUUN[UU_N UUNU]][NN] [NNU`N NUjbuo ]`][NU`UUN `U[b`N [[NUU vNU]N NUNuj NUUqouN[N[_N `[N[`[NNUU N[]`N vTN[`U u]NUV `NN]` oNUN` ][UN][N[U] UU[U]UNUNN [[U]N]UU]U NU[[wN UqbPxN jNUtN jNUtN `{ojvU [`[U`UU`[] U[`[`U x22HWQK ][]UNUNN`` UNUNjv`NU U[NNUU[N UUNV[ x$/*- /5@2FXK [UU[]N[NN[ [UNU[ [UUN[N[UU[ B?=?B??B== ?B==B==B?= =B==B t/BB?? 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1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1!1!1! 1!1!1! <+R*7+" Mayotte Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mayotte Header Affiliation: (territorial collectivity of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mayotte Geography Location: Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique Map references: Africa Area: total area: 375 sq km land area: 375 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 185.2 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claimed by Comoros Climate: tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) Terrain: generally undulating with ancient volcanic peaks, deep ravines Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% other: NA% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: cyclones during rainy season international agreements: NA Note: part of Comoro Archipelago THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mayotte People Population: 97,088 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 49% (female 23,910; male 24,120) 15-64 years: 48% (female 22,824; male 23,935) 65 years and over: 3% (female 1,165; male 1,134) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.8% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 48.44 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.46 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 77.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.27 years male: 56.04 years female: 60.57 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.71 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Mahorais (singular and plural) adjective: Mahoran Ethnic divisions: NA Religions: Muslim 99%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) Languages: Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mayotte Government Names: conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte conventional short form: Mayotte Digraph: MF Type: territorial collectivity of France Capital: Mamoutzou Administrative divisions: none (territorial collectivity of France) Independence: none (territorial collectivity of France) National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789) Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) Legal system: French law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981) head of government: Prefect Jean-Jacques DERACQ (since NA); President of the General Council Younoussa BAMANA (since NA 1976) Legislative branch: unicameral General Council (Conseil General): elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (19 total) MPM 12, RPR 4, independents 3 French Senate: elections last held on 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) MPM 1 French National Assembly: elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - UDF-CDS 54.3%, RPR 44.3%; seats - (1 total) UDF-CDS 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Tribunal Superieur d'Appel) Political parties and leaders: Mahoran Popular Movement (MPM), Younoussa BAMANA; Party for the Mahoran Democratic Rally (PRDM), Daroueche MAOULIDA; Mahoran Rally for the Republic (RPR), Mansour KAMARDINE; Union for French Democracy (UDF), Maoulida AHMED; Center of Social Democrats (CDS), Member of: FZ Diplomatic representation in US: none (territorial collectivity of France) US diplomatic representation: none (territorial collectivity of France) Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mayotte Economy Overview: Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $54 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $600 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $37.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1985 est.) Exports: $4 million (f.o.b., 1984) commodities: ylang-ylang, vanilla partners: France 79%, Comoros 10%, Reunion 9% Imports: $21.8 million (f.o.b., 1984) commodities: building materials, transportation equipment, rice, clothing, flour partners: France 57%, Kenya 16%, South Africa 11%, Pakistan 8% External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: NA kW production: NA kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh Industries: newly created lobster and shrimp industry Agriculture: most important sector; provides all export earnings; crops - vanilla, ylang-ylang, coffee, copra; imports major share of food needs Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $402 million Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mayotte Economy Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mayotte Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 42 km paved: bituminous 18 km unpaved: 24 km Ports: Dzaoudzi Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mayotte Communications Telephone system: 450 telephones; small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications local: NA intercity: NA international: radio relay and high-frequency radio communications for links to Comoros and international communications Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mayotte Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of France Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MAYOTTE language VSX&Z XSV T PTV%T VYPP T VTQjj&~ jjQSV VYVTVVYVTV TVVYV VVTVTT rvr]mccmvc VY\Tf yT]TV~T &L4& VTTVTmvc`T rTV|T yTY|T }Jw-qn VTrtcmTVTV TTVYVYVVYV VYYTVYYVTT Vr]@T rTV>T mzvYTT`T TVVY@=AB2TWPrT <<><<>> >><<>><<@> =B2TWPpT 7?1;D+ 1C>C;1;C>C 11?C11?C11 AB2TWP 1C<>7 dssCHK1_s_ uK8kHHk;)k 1?C.KxK.C 1dd11dd11K =B2TWP 1C<>7 =B2TWP 1C<<=B2T 1C<<=B2T 1C<<<=B2T )C<..1C. AB2TWP .xKA.xK5 <2TWP RTj1D F1BBF1 F2OWP GURVP \YTVVYVYVT \VV\\VYYV\ VTVY\VYVYY VYYVYYTVVY VTYYVY]T TTVTTV]TT TfcTV VTmffmcTTV vTrfyfyf YtTtmrmy r{mtvmvy vmvy` VVYVTTfVVT YTVVTVY fTV\T puupf pvvpe pwwpd pxxpd ##?# pyypd %?? " pzzpd # % % ? % p{{pe p||pf X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; p22p| Mexico Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MEXICO x8dot3 Spanish (Latin American) language E THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Geography Location: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatamala and the US Map references: North America Area: total area: 1,972,550 sq km land area: 1,923,040 sq km comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Texas Land boundaries: total 4,538 km, Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,326 km Coastline: 9,330 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claims Clipperton Island (French possession) Climate: varies from tropical to desert Terrain: high, rugged mountains, low coastal plains, high plateaus, and desert Natural resources: petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber Land use: arable land: 12% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 39% forest and woodland: 24% other: 24% Irrigated land: 51,500 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border natural hazards: tsunamis along the Pacific coast, destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf and Caribbean coasts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification Note: strategic location on southern border of US THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico People Population: 93,985,848 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 37% (female 17,028,091; male 17,631,110) 15-64 years: 59% (female 28,429,663; male 26,866,886) 65 years and over: 4% (female 2,184,998; male 1,845,100) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.9% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 26.64 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.64 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -3.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 26 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.34 years male: 69.74 years female: 77.11 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.09 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Mexican(s) adjective: Mexican Ethnic divisions: mestizo (Indian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, Caucasian or predominantly Caucasian 9%, other 1% Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6% Languages: Spanish, various Mayan dialects Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 88% male: 90% female: 85% Labor force: 26.2 million (1990) by occupation: services 31.7%, agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing 28%, commerce 14.6%, manufacturing 11.1%, construction 8.4%, transportation 4.7%, mining and quarrying 1.5% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Government Names: conventional long form: United Mexican States conventional short form: Mexico local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos local short form: Mexico Digraph: MX Type: federal republic operating under a centralized government Capital: Mexico Administrative divisions: 31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas Independence: 16 September 1810 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September (1810) Constitution: 5 February 1917 Legal system: mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced) Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Ernesto ZEDILLO Ponce de Leon (since 1 December 1994); election last held on 21 August 1994 (next to be held NA); results - Ernesto ZEDILLO Ponce de Leon (PRI) 50.18%, Cuauhtemoc CARDENAS Solorzano (PRD) 17.08%, Diego FERNANDEZ de Cevallos (PAN) 26.69%; other 6.049% cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congreso de la Union) Senate (Camara de Senadores): elections last held on 21 August 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats in full Senate - (128 total; Senate expanded from 64 seats at the last election) PRI 93, PRD 25, PAN 10 Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados): elections last held on 24 August 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (500 total) PRI 300, PAN 119, PRD 71, PFCRN 10 Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Government Political parties and leaders: (recognized parties) Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), Maria de los Angeles MORENO; National Action Party (PAN), Carlos CASTILLO; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Indalecio SAYAGO Herrera; Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), Porfirio MUNOZ Ledo; Cardenist Front for the National Reconstruction Party (PFCRN), Rafael AGUILAR Talamantes; Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution (PARM), Rosa Maria MARTINEZ Denagri; Democratic Forum Party (PFD), Pablo Emilio MADERO; Mexican Green Ecologist Party (PVEM), Jorge GONZALEZ Torres Other political or pressure groups: Roman Catholic Church; Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM); Confederation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN); Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCANACO); National Peasant Confederation (CNC); Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT); Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (CROC); Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers (CROM); Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX); National Chamber of Transformation Industries (CANACINTRA); Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations (COECE); Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services (FESEBES) Member of: AG (observer), APEC, BCIE, CARICOM (observer), CCC, CDB, CG, EBRD, ECLAC, FAO, G- 6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM (observer), OAS, OECD, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Jesus SILVA HERZOG Flores chancery: 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: [1] (202) 728-1600 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico) consulate(s): Albuquerque, Austin, Boston, Brownsville (Texas), Calexico (California), Corpus Christi, Del Rio (Texas), Detroit, Eagle Pass (Texas), Fresno (California), Loredo, McAllen (Texas), Midland (Texas), Nogales (Arizona), Oxnard (California), Philadelphia, Phoenix, Sacramento, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino, San Jose, Santa Ana, Seattle US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador James R. JONES embassy: Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico, Distrito Federal mailing address: P. O. Box 3087, Laredo, TX 78044-3087 telephone: [52] (5) 211-0042 FAX: [52] (5) 511-9980, 208-3373 consulate(s) general: Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Tijuana consulate(s): Hermosillo, Matamoros, Merida, Nuevo Laredo THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Government Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Economy Overview: Mexico, under the guidance of new President Ernesto ZEDILLO, entered 1995 in the midst of a severe financial crisis. Mexico's membership in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the United States and Canada, its solid record of economic reforms, and its strong growth in the second and third quarters of 1994 - at an annual rate of 3.8% and 4.5% respectively - seemed to augur bright prospects for 1995. However, an overvalued exchange rate and widening current account deficits created an imbalance that ultimately proved unsustainable. To finance the trade gap, Mexico City had become increasingly reliant on volatile portfolio investment. A series of political shocks in 1994 - an uprising in the southern state of Chiapas, the assassination of a presidential candidate, several high profile kidnappings, the killing of a second high-level political figure, and renewed threats from the Chiapas rebels - combined with rising international interest rates and concerns of a devaluation to undermine investor confidence and prompt massive outflows of capital. The dwindling of foreign exchange reserves, which the central bank had been using to defend the currency, forced the new administration to change the exchange rate policy and allow the currency to float freely in the last days of 1994. The adjustment roiled Mexican financial markets, leading to a 30% to 40% weakening of the peso relative to the dollar. ZEDILLO announced an emergency economic program that included federal budget cuts and plans for more privatizations, but it failed to restore investor confidence quickly. While the devaluation is likely to help Mexican exporters, whose products are now cheaper, it also raises the specter of an inflationary spiral if domestic producers increase their prices and workers demand wage hikes. Although strong economic fundamentals bode well for Mexico's longer-term outlook, prospects for solid growth and low inflation have deteriorated considerably, at least through 1995. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $728.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $7,900 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.1% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 9.8% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $96.99 billion (1994 est.) expenditures: $96.51 billion (1994 est.), including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $60.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.), includes in-bond industries commodities: crude oil, oil products, coffee, silver, engines, motor vehicles, cotton, consumer electronics partners: US 82%, Japan 1.4%, EC 5% (1993 est.) Imports: $79.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.), includes in-bond industries commodities: metal-working machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts partners: US 74%, Japan 4.7%, EC 11% (1993 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Economy External debt: $128 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 4.5% (1994 est.) Electricity: capacity: 28,780,000 kW production: 122 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,239 kWh (1993) Industries: food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism Agriculture: accounts for 7% of GDP; large number of small farms at subsistence level; major food crops - corn, wheat, rice, beans; cash crops - cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes Illicit drugs: illicit cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis continues in spite of government eradication program; major supplier of heroin and marijuana to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine and marijuana from South America; increasingly involved in the production and distribution of methamphetamine Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.7 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $110 million Currency: 1 New Mexican peso (Mex$) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: market rate of Mexican pesos (Mex$) per US$1 - 6.736 (average in March 1995), 5.5133 (January 1995), 3.3751 (1994), 3.1156 (1993), 3,094.9 (1992), 3,018.4 (1991), 2,812.6 (1990) note: the new peso replaced the old peso on 1 January 1993; 1 new peso = 1,000 old pesos Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Transportation Railroads: total: 24,500 km standard gauge: 24,410 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 93 km 0.914-m gauge Highways: total: 242,300 km paved: 84,800 km (including 3,166 km of expressways) unpaved: gravel and earth 157,500 km Inland waterways: 2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals Pipelines: crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km; natural gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km Ports: Acapulco, Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Ensenada, Guaymas, La Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Progreso, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz Merchant marine: total: 59 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 949,271 GRT/1,340,595 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, container 7, liquefied gas tanker 7, oil tanker 30, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 4 Airports: total: 2,055 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 9 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 25 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 82 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 75 with paved runways under 914 m: 1,262 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 60 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 539 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Communications Telephone system: 6,410,000 telephones; highly developed system with extensive microwave radio relay links; privatized in December 1990 local: adequate phone service for business and government, but, at a density of less than 7 telephones/100 persons, the population is poorly served intercity: includes 120 domestic satellite terminals and an extensive network of microwave radio relay links international: 5 INTELSAT (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations; connected into Central America Microwave System; launched Solidarity I satellite in November 1993 Radio: broadcast stations: AM 679, FM 0, shortwave 22 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 238 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mexico Defense Forces Branches: National Defense (includes Army and Air Force), Navy (includes Marines) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 23,354,445; males fit for military service 17,029,788; males reach military age (18) annually 1,054,513 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP +MEXICO - Passport and visa not required of U.S. citizens for tourist/transit stay up to 90 days. Tourist card is required. Tourist card valid 3 months for single entry up to 180 days, no charge, requires proof of U.S. citizenship, photo ID and proof of sufficient funds. Tourist cards may be obtained in advance from Consulate, Tourism Office, and most airlines serving Mexico upon arrival. Departure tax $10 is paid at airport. Notarized consent from parent(s) required for children travelling alone, with one parent or in someone else's custody. (This permit is not necessary when a minor is in possession of a valid passport.) For other types of travel and details, check Embassy of Mexico's Consular Section, 2827 16th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20009-4260 (202/736-1000) or nearest Consulate General: CA (213/351-6800, 415/392-5554 and 619/231-8414), CO (303/830-6702), FL (305/441-8780), IL (312/855-1380), LA (504/522-3596), NY (212/689-0456), PR (809/764-0258) or TX (214/522-9741, 713/463-9426, 512/227-9145 and 915/533-3644). Mexico - Consular Information Sheet September 2, 1994 Country Description: Mexico has a rapidly developing economy. Luxury accommodations in major cities and resorts are widely available. Tourist facilities in more remote areas may be limited. Entry Requirements: Proof of citizenship and photo identification are required for entry by all U.S. citizens. A passport and visa are not required for a tourist/transit stay of up to 180 days. A tourist card issued by Mexican consulates and most airlines serving Mexico is required. Minors traveling without a valid passport require notarized consent from parent(s) if traveling alone, with one parent, or in someone else's custody. Mexican regulations limit the value of goods brought into Mexico by U.S. citizens arriving by air or sea to $300 per person and by land to $50 per person. Other travel-related items may also be brought in duty-free. Amounts exceeding the duty-free limit are subject to a 32.8 percent tax. Upon arrival in Mexico, business travelers must complete a form authorizing the conduct of business, but not employment for a 30 day period. If the business traveler departs and re-enters, the 30-day period begins again. There is no fee for the business pass. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers may contact the Embassy of Mexico at 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, telephone (202) 728-1600, or any of the Mexican consulates in major U.S. cities. Medical Facilities: Adequate medical care can be found in all major cities. Health facilities in Mexico City are excellent. Care in more remote areas is limited. Air pollution in Mexico City is severe, especially from December to May. For additional health information, travelers may contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Street crime is common, especially in urban areas. Persons driving on some Mexican roads, particularly in isolated regions, have been targeted by bandits who operate primarily after dark. Criminals, particularly in Sinaloa, sometimes represent themselves as Mexican police or other local officials. Any U.S. citizen victims of crime in Mexico are encouraged to report the incident to local police authorities and to the nearest U.S. consular office. The U.S. Embassy advises its personnel not to travel on Mexican highways after dark. Highway 15 and Express Highway 1 (limited access) in the state of Sinaloa are particularly dangerous areas where criminal assaults and murders have occurred, during the day and at night. Driving Information: U.S. driver's licenses are valid in Mexico. Mexican insurance is required. All vehicular traffic is restricted in Mexico City in order to reduce air pollution. The restriction is based on the last digit of the vehicle license plate. (There is no specific provision regarding license plates with letters only.) -Monday: No driving if license plate ends with 5 or 6. -Tuesday: No driving if license plate ends with 7 or 8. -Wednesday: No driving if license plate ends with 3 or 4. -Thursday: No driving if license plate ends with 1 or 2. -Friday: No driving if license plate ends with 9 or 0. Also, no driving of vehicles with temporary license plates or any other plate that does not conform with the above. -Saturday and Sunday: All vehicles may be driven. Traveling in Baja: During heavy seasonal rains (January-March), road conditions can become difficult and travelers can become stranded. For current Mexican road conditions between Ensenada and El Rosario, Mexico, travelers can contact the nearest Mexican consulate or tourism office or the U.S. Consulate General in Tijuana. Traveling in Chiapas: The town of San Cristobal in the state of Chiapas remains quiet after the disturbances in early January 1994. The situation could become unstable in areas of Chiapas state outside of San Cristobal. U.S. citizens residing or traveling in Mexico may contact the U.S. embassy or consulates for further security information. Travel Through Mexico To Central American Countries: Mexican authorities require that all international transit of persons (transmigrantes) and merchandise through Mexico, destined for Central America, from the area from Ciudad Acuna to Matamoros, be handled by the Lucio Blanco-Los Indios customs office and by the Colombia, Nuevo Laredo customs office. Transmigrantes entering Mexico from areas other than the Ciudad Acuna-Matamoros zone, will continue to use their regular ports of entry. Mexican authorities require that a customs broker handle the temporary entry into Mexico of all non- personal property of travelers destined for central American countries. Fees will be processed through the customs broker. For more detailed information, travelers can contact the nearest Mexican consulate or tourism office or the U.S. Consulate in Matamoros prior to departing the U.S. Bringing Vehicles into Mexico: The government of Mexico strictly regulates the entry of vehicles into Mexico. The owner of an imported vehicle should be present in the vehicle at all times the vehicle is in operation or the vehicle may be confiscated. Travelers are advised to contact the nearest Mexican consulate in the U.S. for specific, detailed information prior to departing the U.S. Drug and Firearms Penalties: Penalties for drug and firearm offenses are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Sentences for possession of drugs in Mexico can be as long as 25 years plus fines. Just as in the U.S., purchase of controlled medication requires a doctor's prescription. The Mexican list of controlled medication differs from the U.S. list, and Mexican public health laws concerning controlled medication are unclear. Possession of excessive amounts of a psychotropic drug such as valium can result in arrest if the authorities suspect abuse. A permit from a Mexican consulate in the U.S. is required in order to import firearms or ammunition into Mexico, whether or not the firearm is legally registered in the U.S. Sentences for possession of firearms in Mexico can be as long as 30 years. Some Mexican cities have ordinances prohibiting the possession of knives or anything that might be construed as a weapon. Travelers should check with the nearest Mexican consulate before traveling to Mexico with firearms or to purchase medication. Dual Citizenship: U.S. citizens who are also considered to be Mexican citizens could be subject to compulsory military service and other aspects of Mexican law while in Mexico. Those who may be affected can inquire at the Mexican Embassy or a consulate to determine status. In some instances, dual nationality may hamper U.S. government efforts to provide protection in Mexico. Other Information: U.S. citizens who become involved in time-share or other real property purchases should be aware that Mexican laws and practices regarding real estate are markedly different from those in the U.S. A list of local attorneys can be obtained from the U.S. Embassy or nearest consulate in Mexico. The U.S. Embassy strongly recommends the use of competent local legal assistance for any significant real property or business purchase. Tips for Travelers: Useful information is provided in the Department of state pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Mexico" which are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Civil Aviation Oversight: In May 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Mexico's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Mexican carriers operating to and from the U.S. The same level of safety oversight would typically be applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800- 322-7873. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy or a U.S. Consulate can obtain updated information on travel and security within Mexico. Embassy and Consulate Locations: The U.S. Embassy is located in Mexico City at Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, telephone (52-5)211-0042. There are also U.S. Consulates General in: Ciudad Juarez at Avenida Lopez Mateos 924-N, telephone(52-16)134048; Guadalajara at Progreso 175, telephone (52-3) 625-2998; Monterrey at Avenida Constitucion 411 Poniente 64000 Monterrey, telephone (52-83)45-2120; Tijuana at Tapachula 96, telephone (52-66)817400. There are U.S. Consulates in: Hermosillo at Ave. Monterrey 141, telephone (52-62)172375; Matamoros at Ave. Primera 2002, telephone (52-88)12-44-02; Merida at Paseo Montejo 453, telephone (52-99)25-6366 and Nuevo Laredo at Calle Allende 3330, Col. Jardin, telephone (52-871)4-0512. There are Consular Agencies in: Puerto Vallarta at Parian Del Puente Local 12-A, telephone (52-322)2-0069; Acapulco at Hotel Club Del Sol, telephone (52-748)5-7207/5-6600; Cancun at Avenida Nader #40, Edificio Marruecos, third floor office #31, telephone (52-98)84-24-11; San Luis Potosi at Francisco De P. Mariel 102, Desp. One, telephone (52- 481)2-1528; Oaxaca at Alcala 201, telephone (52-951)4-3054; San Miguel de Allende at Dr. Hernandez Macias #72, telephone (52-465)2- 2357/2-0068; Tampico at Ave. Hidalgo #2000 local 4, telephone (52-12)13-2217; Veracruz at Victimas del 25 de Junio #388, telephone (52-29)31-5821; Cabo San Lucas at Blvd. Marina Y Perdregal, Local No. 3 Zona Centro, telephone (52-114) 3-35-66 and Mazatlan at Hotel Playa Mazatlan, Rodolfo T. Loaiza #202, Zona Dorada, 82110, telephone (52-69) 134-444 ext. 285. No. 94-186 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated June 7, 1994 by adding information on aviation oversight. Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad movie_1 9?EE@D L&&V8 c0cc cc0cc O00-O 0ccO OcOc8 AGAI82- }494N 44Di4_ iTNW4 /22/2/ >)!!M Z?44sZJZ ))M7.! 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; ,#,",. ,,#,[. ,2B,2 ZAeky A Midway Islands Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MIDWAY_I x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Midway Islands Header Affiliation: (territory of the US) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Midway Islands Geography Location: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 5.2 sq km land area: 5.2 sq km comparative area: about 9 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC note: includes Eastern Island and Sand Island Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 15 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical, but moderated by prevailing easterly winds Terrain: low, nearly level Natural resources: fish, wildlife Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: a coral atoll; closed to the public THE WORLD FACTBOOK Midway Islands People Population: no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are 453 US military personnel (July 1995 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Midway Islands Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Midway Islands Digraph: MQ Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Navy, under Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific Division; this facility has been operationally closed since 10 September 1993 and is currently being transferred from Pacific Fleet to Naval Facilities Engineering Command via a Memorandum of Understanding Capital: none; administered from Washington, DC Flag: the US flag is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Midway Islands Economy Overview: The economy is based on providing support services for US naval operations located on the islands. All food and manufactured goods must be imported. Electricity: supplied by US Military THE WORLD FACTBOOK Midway Islands Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 32 km paved: NA Pipelines: 7.8 km Ports: Sand Island Airports: total: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Midway Islands Communications Telephone system: local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Midway Islands Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the US Map Button Image Show Map MKHQHKQKKM QMQHK MHMKHM QKHRQ MKMHKHMHnf KMHHRQHSz uHKHMQQRH QXHVH RHSnh ]uYHK hzQ`uf RMHHQRRKR MMRHSQH ]HRMQK SHKMQ HQQRQKQK MMRRQMKzH KMKMwH f\HMKQ RQRQKqH MRQRHKKMHK MMKZH KRKKHKMMKH MKHKM MKKRH tHKHHKHH QKQKHd KRHHn `nXduhY KMRRSMMH tKKMSQH KHQRKKHKHu KRKKH KQSRRKM ndxxf HSRKIH QHHQHQH XHMRQHMHM dHKMKGH HKRKHKh `HMGH MQHHKHRH HRKHHKHd ]\KFH fHM H KHMKHKKM HMQRH KJHKHd ]`hHKMHh KKHKHM QKHRH ]HMHS KHHKHHKK7H KfM|hQd]xf h]YaHunRH] HRHKMMK MKKMKHH KRQQHS K`KS]HH\`7H aHK4H KMKNNKH MRKHHMQ SxnHRk YHK4H MKHRM MSHHKHHRH HM\Y]H Sz`HK QfufhX a]Q|k KKHMHKKMMK MHKHKSKH fHQKKM HMKK6H HHKHh KMHKHKK KQHKRH hHQHKH HKKMKK7H YHQHx V`\knffRd MMHHM XdKHHMHHMM KMHQKMHKMK ktsuu\HK RHHRH QKKMQQHHPS fHM$H KHfnu` uhuf] HkHhnMdSdR zHM&H QQMMK HQHHKQ KMMKQ HhkHuh kHSRQH YHK@H \haHHMK \HKCH KMKHM HKKHMKMM aHKAH QHd]HKMRKeH KRHMKhH KRQfH H SnHK:H MQHK:H K\n`HK T$r%*i:>*.. 6:.4:.2);b 1.UbUi>4:i b#>bU):b1> U>UbUbUU1% bU;614>m>) 2/./CHJ %3.1. ..11.U >././CHJ %3..4 w%4.9 ~ #3./CHJ #3..4 )1.4% >././CHJ &3..4 U)14# >)1/./CHJ 3..4 :1/./CHJ &0..4 ~9././CHJ 3..4 )# )% 2)% %2% . % ..9 4% %2. .././CHJ .6.1) %14.U %:9149 .499144.1) b)949% .194494..1 U)944. ././CHJ ;;0;; GH=20 ..2.."2 JHIY= MQKHMHQKQH KKHMKKMMHK RMMQMMQHHM KHHQMMQQHz KKHMHHMHKH KKHKMMKHHh S|XhkMHKKH HndXxnh SQk]|Y Kk\]kkdHK KHHKH ]dHKKH]dHK HHMKHShHKH KKHHMMHQMK MRMQKKMM MKQKMMQKQK HQKQQKMHHK QKQQKz ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; K@q>p;q& Moldova Map Button Image 9 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Moldova Geography Location: Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - European States Area: total area: 33,700 sq km land area: 33,700 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Hawaii Land boundaries: total 1,389 km, Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940 Climate: moderate winters, warm summers Terrain: rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea Natural resources: lignite, phosphorites, gypsum Land use: arable land: 50% permanent crops: 13% meadows and pastures: 9% forest and woodland: 0% other: 28% Irrigated land: 2,920 sq km (1990) Environment: current issues: heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods natural hazards: NA international agreements: signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Moldova People Population: 4,489,657 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 27% (female 588,155; male 609,372) 15-64 years: 64% (female 1,487,170; male 1,386,293) 65 years and over: 9% (female 258,958; male 159,709) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.36% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.93 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.05 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 29.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.22 years male: 64.81 years female: 71.8 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.16 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Moldovan(s) adjective: Moldovan Ethnic divisions: Moldavian/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%, Gagauz 3.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, other 1.7% (1989 figures) note: internal disputes with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians in the Dniester region and Gagauz Turks in the south Religions: Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist (only about 1,000 members) (1991) note: the large majority of churchgoers are ethnic Moldavian Languages: Moldovan (official; virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 96% male: 99% female: 94% Labor force: 2.03 million (January 1994) by occupation: agriculture 34.4%, industry 20.1%, other 45.5% (1985 figures) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Moldova Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Moldova conventional short form: Moldova local long form: Republica Moldova local short form: none former: Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova; Moldavia Digraph: MD Type: republic Capital: Chisinau Administrative divisions: previously divided into 40 rayons; new districts possible under new constitution in 1994 Independence: 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 August 1991 Constitution: new constitution adopted NA July 1994; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979 Legal system: based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction but accepts many UN and OSCE documents Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Mircea SNEGUR (since 3 September 1990); election last held 8 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Mircea SNEGUR ran unopposed and won 98.17% of vote; note - President SNEGUR was named executive president by the Supreme Soviet on 3 September 1990 and was confirmed by popular election on 8 December 1991 head of government: Prime Minister Andrei SANGHELI (since 1 July 1992; reappointed 5 April 1994 after elections for new legislature); First Deputy Prime Minister Ion GUTU (since NA) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament: elections last held 27 February 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent by party NA; seats - (104 total) Agrarian-Democratic Party 56, Socialist/Yedinstvo Bloc 28, Peasants and Intellectual Bloc 11, Christian Democratic Popular Front 9 Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Moldova Government Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Popular Front (formerly Moldovan Popular Front), Iurie ROSCA, chairman; Yedinstvo Intermovement, Vladimir SOLONARI, chairman; Social Democratic Party, Oazu NANTOI, chairman, two other chairmen; Agrarian-Democratic Party, Dumitru MOTPAN, chairman; Democratic Party, Gheorghe GHIMPU, chairman; Democratic Labor Party, Alexandru ARSENI, chairman; Reform Party, Anatol SELARU; Republican Party, Victor PUSCAS; Socialist Party, Valeriu SENIC, cochairman; Communist Party, Vladimir VORONIN, cochairman; Peasants and Intellectuals Bloc Other political or pressure groups: United Council of Labor Collectives (UCLC), Igor SMIRNOV, chairman; Congress of Intellectuals, Alexandru MOSANU; The Ecology Movement of Moldova (EMM), G. MALARCHUK, chairman; The Christian Democratic League of Women of Moldova (CDLWM), L. LARI, chairman; National Christian Party of Moldova (NCPM), D. TODIKE, M. BARAGA, V. NIKU, leaders; The Peoples Movement Gagauz Khalky (GKh), S. GULGAR, leader; The Democratic Party of Gagauzia (DPG), G. SAVOSTIN, chairman; The Alliance of Working People of Moldova (AWPM), G. POLOGOV, president; Christian Alliance for Greater Romania; Stefan the Great Movement; Liberal Convention of Moldova; Association of Victims of Repression; Christian Democratic Youth League Member of: BSEC, CE (guest), CIS, EBRD, ECE, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Nicolae TAU chancery: Suites 329, 333, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 783-3012 FAX: [1] (202) 783-3342 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Mary C. PENDLETON embassy: Strada Alexei Mateevich #103, Chisinau mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [373] (2) 23-37-72 FAX: [373] (2) 23-30-44 Flag: same color scheme as Romania - 3 equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow THE WORLD FACTBOOK Moldova Economy Overview: Moldova enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, Moldova's economy is primarily based on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import all of its supplies of oil, coal, and natural gas, and energy shortages have contributed to sharp production declines since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Moldovan government is making steady progress on an ambitious economic reform agenda, and the IMF has called Moldova a model for the region. As part of its reform efforts, Chisinau has introduced a stable currency, freed all prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises and backed their steady privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. Chisinau appears strongly committed to continuing these reforms in 1995. Meanwhile, privatization of medium and large enterprises got underway in mid-1994 and is expected to pick up speed in 1995. To improve its precarious energy situation, Chisinau reached an agreement with Moscow in December 1994 on gas deliveries for 1995. Gazprom, Russia's national gas company, has agreed to reduce prices for natural gas deliveries to Moldova from the world market price of $80/thousand cubic meters (tcm) to $58/tcm in return for part ownership of the Moldovan pipeline system. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $11.9 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992) National product real growth rate: -30% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,670 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.6% per month (1994) Unemployment rate: 1% (includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA note: budget deficit for 1993 approximately 6% of GDP Exports: $144 million to outside the FSU countries (1994); over 70% of exports go to FSU countries commodities: foodstuffs, wine, tobacco, textiles and footwear, machinery, chemicals (1991) partners: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Romania, Germany Imports: $174 million from outside the FSU countries (1994); over 70% of imports are from FSU countries commodities: oil, gas, coal, steel, machinery, foodstuffs, automobiles, and other consumer durables partners: Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Germany External debt: $300 million (as of 11 December 1994) Industrial production: growth rate -30% (1994 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Moldova Economy Electricity: capacity: 3,000,000 kW production: 8.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,830 kWh (1994) Industries: key products are canned food, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, refined sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles Agriculture: accounts for about 40% of GDP; Moldova's principal economic activity; products are vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, meat, milk, tobacco Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis; mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe Economic aid: recipient: joint EC-US loan (1993), $127 million; IMF STF credit (1993), $64 million; IMF stand-by loan (1993), $72 million; US commitments (1992-93), $61 million in humanitarian aid, $11 million in technical assistance; World Bank loan (1993), $60 million; Russia (1993), 50 billion ruble credit; Romania (1993), 20 billion lei credit Currency: the leu (plural lei) was introduced in late 1993 Exchange rates: lei per US$1 - 4.277 (22 December 1994) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Moldova Transportation Railroads: total: 1,150 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines broad gauge: 1,150 km 1.520-m gauge (1990) Highways: total: 20,000 km paved or graveled: 13,900 km unpaved: earth 6,100 km (1990) Pipelines: natural gas 310 km (1992) Ports: none Airports: total: 26 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 3 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Moldova Communications Telephone system: 577,000 telephones; 134 telephones/1,000 persons; telecommunication system not well developed; 215,000 unsatisfied requests for telephone service (1991) local: NA intercity: NA international: international connections to the other former Soviet republics by land line and microwave radio relay through Ukraine, and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; 1 EUTELSAT and 1 INTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Moldova Defense Forces Branches: Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,116,912; males fit for military service 881,642; males reach military age (18) annually 35,447 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, 2% of GDP (1994) 'MOLDOVA - Passport and visa required. Visas issued at authorized entry points at the airport or along the Romanian border. Moldova does not currently maintain an Embassy in the United States. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Moldova ============================================================ Moldova - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Moldova is a nation undergoing profound political and economic change. It is a newly independent nation still in the process of stabilizing its relations with neighboring countries. Tourist facilities are not highly developed, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other countries are not yet available. Internal travel may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other problems. Entry Requirements: For information on entry requirements, please contact the Moldovan Embassy, 1511 K Street N.W., Suite 333, Washington, D.C. 20005, telephone: (202) 783-3012, fax: (202) 783-3342. Visas for travel to other former Soviet states are necessary and difficult to obtain in Moldova. Areas of Instability: There are frequent checkpoints in the Trans-Dniester region, manned by armed, young and inexperienced paramilitary units who are not under the control of the Moldovan government and whose members rarely understand English. Tourists and truckers may be subject to extortion or robbery at checkpoints. Medical Facilities: Medical care in Moldova is limited. There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics, antibiotics, and vaccines. Elderly travelers and those with existing health problems may be at risk due to inadequate medical facilities. The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of local doctors who are willing to treat English-speaking patients, but has yet to identify an English-speaking doctor in Moldova. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States so supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage and provision for medical evacuation can prove useful. Rabies vaccinations may be useful as casual exposure to stray dogs is common throughout Chisinau. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommend Hepatitis B series for certain travelers. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the CDC's international travelers hotline, tel: (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Moldova has a low rate of crime, but foreigners have been increasingly targeted for both violent crime and common street crime, especially after dark. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. This publication is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Internal Travel: There are no internal flights in Moldova. Only Air Moldova, Moldavan Air and Tarom (Romania's national airline) regularly fly to Moldova. Air Moldova service is well below Western standards. Aircraft appear to be old and cabin areas are in poor condition. Train service is also below Western standards and an increasing number of Americans have been victimized while traveling on international trains to and from Moldova. Currency Regulations: Moldova is a cash only economy. Traveler's checks and credit cards are rarely accepted. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans may register at the consular section of the U.S. Embassy in Chisinau and obtain updated information on travel and security within Moldova. The U.S. Embassy in Chisinau, Moldova, is located at Strada Alexei Mateevici 103; telephone (373-2) 23-37-72, after hours telephone (373-2) 23-73-45. No. 95-138 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 24, 1994, to update the country description, to revise geographic names in the Areas of Instability, and to update information on Medical Facilities and Internal Travel. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Moldova ============================================================ Moldova - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Moldova is a nation undergoing profound political and economic change. It is a newly independent nation still in the process of stabilizing its relations with neighboring countries. Tourist facilities are not highly developed, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other countries are not yet available. Internal travel may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other problems. Entry Requirements: For information on entry requirements, please contact the Moldovan Embassy, 1511 K Street N.W., Suite 333, Washington, D.C. 20005, telephone: (202) 783-3012, fax: (202) 783-3342. Visas for travel to other former Soviet states are necessary and difficult to obtain in Moldova. Areas of Instability: There are frequent checkpoints in the Trans-Dniester region, manned by armed, young and inexperienced paramilitary units who are not under the control of the Moldovan government and whose members rarely understand English. Tourists and truckers may be subject to extortion or robbery at checkpoints. Medical Facilities: Medical care in Moldova is limited. There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics, antibiotics, and vaccines. Elderly travelers and those with existing health problems may be at risk due to inadequate medical facilities. The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of local doctors who are willing to treat English-speaking patients, but has yet to identify an English-speaking doctor in Moldova. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States so supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage and provision for medical evacuation can prove useful. Rabies vaccinations may be useful as casual exposure to stray dogs is common throughout Chisinau. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommend Hepatitis B series for certain travelers. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the CDC's international travelers hotline, tel: (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Moldova has a low rate of crime, but foreigners have been increasingly targeted for both violent crime and common street crime, especially after dark. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. This publication is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Internal Travel: There are no internal flights in Moldova. Only Air Moldova, Moldavan Air and Tarom (Romania's national airline) regularly fly to Moldova. Air Moldova service is well below Western standards. Aircraft appear to be old and cabin areas are in poor condition. Train service is also below Western standards and an increasing number of Americans have been victimized while traveling on international trains to and from Moldova. Currency Regulations: Moldova is a cash only economy. Traveler's checks and credit cards are rarely accepted. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans may register at the consular section of the U.S. Embassy in Chisinau and obtain updated information on travel and security within Moldova. The U.S. Embassy in Chisinau, Moldova, is located at Strada Alexei Mateevici 103; telephone (373-2) 23-37-72, after hours telephone (373-2) 23-73-45. No. 95-138 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 24, 1994, to update the country description, to revise geographic names in the Areas of Instability, and to update information on Medical Facilities and Internal Travel. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Russian Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MOLDOVA lpxp{G language jMMzh~ OIIN&Ab b^aeM jYS]M 2]];; I.t=M MSMSS SSMajMYaMS ;2hI7 53%3J MMqCM ;C]Ru W33%33 MMSBM I]Rh] ]C0;) RhC)IR YYMMzh C)uRCR zYjSMM CRIR]I DMMDMMDM/ ]Ru0I NVVRb ak.09 ;u;uRR uCR2; IRCR; ]R)I9 zSMMS 5[=[= %`}=[=5H `[5}== 2424664664 2464664664 646464646* 7,xZ, 7,ZI7 Q:@:@: @:@:@:B1 @7eI7 =HH[5[ [+[55H 5=`+5 x7@ : @7eI6 1QL,eQQ :e1QK1 mujay pp_p_ p_p_> 5}Hn[=[= [}}5n} ]u]R] 2ICRC CR]]RCC; RIRRIhC2; Iu]CC; ;;C]I ,KGB( TssTs44 l{r{{r MSSMS K171171 1717717177 Q11:@7: :7717:: @:17@:71 @:@:7@::11 e7:7Z 7:1QZ7 17KLx x77Qe7:QK B7QZ1: e::77@ 7@77:: ::77:@ hjMSjSS x7::7x :@:@: :@:@: :@:@:@:@:@ :@:@:@:@ ;RhhII ]]R2hu u]IhhR]R]R RChuuh] huhh] ##?# %?? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; p22p| ppAAp OOJ;; 66bNb 866bNsb68s -y1y-1 y--yy 1-y11 y1yy1 11--1 11-11u1 11-1y -1yy11y 11--y y1y1y 1-11-1 -1-11-1 1--yy y1y1y y1-11- -y11--1 -1-1-11- --11- y1y11 --1-1 1y11--1 y11y1y11 1y1-1 11y11- y1-1y 11-11 y11yy 1y1-1-11 1--11 y11yy --11- 1y1yy y1y11y y11yy y1y1-1 1y1y1yy 11-11 11y11 Mongolia Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MONGOLIA x8dot3 +0+0 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mongolia Geography Location: Northern Asia, north of China Map references: Asia Area: total area: 1.565 million sq km land area: 1.565 million sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Alaska Land boundaries: total 8,114 km, China 4,673 km, Russia 3,441 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in southeast Natural resources: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 79% forest and woodland: 10% other: 10% Irrigated land: 770 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: limited natural fresh water resources; policies of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal and the concentration of factories in Ulaanbaatar have severely polluted the air; deforestation, overgrazing, the converting of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification natural hazards: duststorms can occur in the spring international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea Note: landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mongolia People Population: 2,493,615 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (female 495,919; male 511,464) 15-64 years: 56% (female 693,037; male 693,776) 65 years and over: 4% (female 54,991; male 44,428) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.58% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 32.65 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 41.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.54 years male: 64.28 years female: 68.92 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.26 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Mongolian(s) adjective: Mongolian Ethnic divisions: Mongol 90%, Kazakh 4%, Chinese 2%, Russian 2%, other 2% Religions: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim 4% note: previously limited religious activity because of Communist regime Languages: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian, Chinese Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA by occupation: primarily herding/agricultural note: over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women; shortage of skilled labor THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mongolia Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Mongolia local long form: none local short form: Mongol Uls former: Outer Mongolia Digraph: MG Type: republic Capital: Ulaanbaatar Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*, Govi-Altay, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs Independence: 13 March 1921 (from China) National holiday: National Day, 11 July (1921) Constitution: adopted 13 January 1992 Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT (since 3 September 1990); election last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT (MNDP and MSDP) elected directly with 57.8% of the vote; other candidate Lodongiyn TUDEV (MPRP) head of government: Prime Minister Putsagiyn JASRAY (since 3 August 1992); Deputy Prime Ministers Lhamsuren ENEBISH and Choijilsurengiyn PUREVDORJ (since NA) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the Great Hural Legislative branch: unicameral State Great Hural: elections held for the first time 28 June 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (76 total) MPRP 71, United Party of Mongolia 4, MSDP 1 note: the People's Small Hural no longer exists Judicial branch: Supreme Court serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts, but to date rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mongolia Government Political parties and leaders: Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), Budragchagiin DASH-YONDON, secretary general; Mongolian National Democratic Party (MNDP), D. GANBOLD, chairman; Mongolian Social Democratic Party (MSDP), B. BATBAYAR, chairman; United Party of Mongolia, leader NA note: opposition parties were legalized in May 1990 Member of: AsDB, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Luvsandorj DAWAAGIW chancery: 2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7117 FAX: [1] (202) 298-9227 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Donald C. JOHNSON embassy: address NA, Ulaanbaatar mailing address: c/o American Embassy Beijing, Micro Region 11, Big Ring Road; PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96521-0002 telephone: [976] (1) 329095, 329606 FAX: [976] (1) 320776 Flag: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red, centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mongolia Economy Overview: Mongolia's severe climate, scattered population, and wide expanses of unproductive land have constrained economic development. Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and the breeding of livestock. In past years extensive mineral resources had been developed with Soviet support; total Soviet assistance at its height amounted to 30% of GDP. The mining and processing of coal, copper, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Timber and fishing are also important sectors. The Mongolian leadership has been gradually making the transition from Soviet-style central planning to a market economy through privatization and price reform, and is soliciting support from international financial agencies and foreign investors. The economy, however, has still not recovered from the loss of Soviet aid, and the country continues to suffer substantial economic hardships, with one-fourth of the population below the poverty line. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,800 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 70% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 15% (1991 est.) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.) note: deficit of $67 million Exports: $360 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals partners: former CMEA countries 62%, China 17%, EC 8% (1992) Imports: $361 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea partners: USSR 75%, Austria 5%, China 5% (1991) External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate -15% (1992 est.); accounts for about 42% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 900,000 kW production: 3.1 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,267 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mongolia Economy Industries: copper, processing of animal products, building materials, food and beverage, mining (particularly coal) Agriculture: accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 50% of the population; livestock raising predominates (primarily sheep and goats, but also cattle, camels, and horses); crops - wheat, barley, potatoes, forage Economic aid: NA Currency: 1 tughrik (Tug) = 100 mongos Exchange rates: tughriks (Tug) per US$1 - 415.34 (January 1995), 412.72 (1994), 42.56 (1992), 9.52 (1991), 5.63 (1990) note: the exchange rate 40 tughriks = 1US$ was introduced June 1991 and was in force to the end of 1992; beginning 27 May 1993 the exchange rate is the midpoint of the average buying and selling rates that are freely determined on the basis of market transactions between commercial banks and the nonbank public Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mongolia Transportation Railroads: total: 1,750 km broad gauge: 1,750 km 1.524-m gauge (1988) Highways: total: 46,700 km paved: 1,000 km unpaved: 45,700 km (1988) Inland waterways: 397 km of principal routes (1988) Ports: none Airports: total: 34 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 10 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 5 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mongolia Communications Telephone system: 63,000 telephones (1989) local: NA intercity: NA international: at least 1 satellite earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: 220,000 Television: broadcast stations: 1 (provincial repeaters - 18) televisions: 120,000 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Mongolia Defense Forces Branches: Mongolian People's Army (includes Internal Security Forces and Frontier Guards), Air Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 605,633; males fit for military service 394,433; males reach military age (18) annually 25,862 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $22.8 million, 1% of GDP (1992) MONGOLIA - Passport and visa required. Transit visa for stay up to 48 hours requires onward ticket, visa for next destination and $15 fee ($30 for double transit). Tourist visa for up to 90 days requires confirmation from Mongolian Travel Agency (Zhuulchin) and $25 fee. Business visa requires letter from company stating purpose of trip and invitation from Mongolian organization and $25 fee (multiple-entry $50). Submit 1 application form, 2 photos, itinerary and prepaid envelope for return of passport by certified or special delivery mail. AIDS test required for students and anyone staying longer than 3 months; U.S. test accepted. For additional information contact Embassy of Mongolia, 2833 M Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/333-7117) or the UN Mission of Mongolia, 6 East 77th St., New York, NY 10021 (212/861-9460). Mongolia - Consular Information Sheet July 29, 1994 Country Description: Mongolia is a country undergoing substantial political and economic changes. In June 1993, it held democratic elections for the third time since the resignation of the former government in 1990. Tourist facilities and services are not widely available. Entry Requirements: Passports, visas, and an invitation from a Mongolian host are required. Multiple-entry visas can only be obtained in Ulaanbaatar with the sponsorship of a Mongolian organization. Transit visas for stays of 48 hours or less require an onward ticket, a visa for the next destination, and a fee of 15 dollars. Foreign travelers to Mongolia, even those staying fewer than ten days, are required to register with the police at the Citizens' Information and Registration Center within ten days of their arrival. Visitors who fail to register may be stopped at departure, denied exit, and fined at least 25 dollars. A Tourist visa for up to 90 days requires confirmation from the Mongolian Travel Agency Zhuulchin, or from a private Mongolian travel agency, and a 25 dollar fee. For more current information on visa issuance and fees and registration requirements, the traveler may contact the Embassy of Mongolia at 2833 M Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, telephone (202) 333-7117. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Mongolia are limited, and some medicine is unavailable. Plague, while relatively rare, is endemic to Mongolia from August to October, and affected areas of the country may be quarantined for limited periods during that time. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific coverage abroad, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, tel. (404) 332-4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Mongolia, and especially the capital, Ulaanbaatar, is suffering from a dramatic rise in crime. Petty thefts, such as pickpocketing, are common. Areas such as the Ulaanbaatar local market and the state-run department store deserve special caution from travelers. In addition to theft, there have been reports of more violent assaults on foreigners. As the economic situation remains difficult, there is little possibility that the level of crime will decrease or that the Mongolian police will be able to deal effectively with the situation. Thefts continue aboard international trains between Mongolia and Russia. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Mongolia, penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Currency Regulations: U.S. dollars are often accepted, especially in tourist locations, but it is also useful to carry some cash in the local currency, the Tugrik. Thomas Cook Travelers Checks in U.S. dollars and American Express Travelers Checks can also be used at the major hotels. The American Express card is acceptable in a few locations, as are Visa and Mastercard. Cash advances against credit cards are not obtainable, and there are no international banks. However, international bank wire transfers are possible. Winter Power Shortages: Severe fuel shortages and problems with the central heating and electrical systems cause seriously reduced heating levels and power outages in Ulaanbaatar and the cities of Darhan and Erdenet during the winter months of November through April. Smaller towns in the countryside may have no heat or electricity at all during these months. The U.S. Embassy advises all Americans resident in Mongolia to be prepared to evacuate in case of complete energy systems failure. Delay in Arrival of Checked Baggage: Passengers arriving in Ulaanbaatar by plane from Beijing routinely encounter prolonged delays in the delivery of their checked luggage ranging from overnight to four days. Travelers who include warm clothing and other essentials in carry-on baggage decrease the inconvenience experienced while waiting for their luggage. Accommodations: Hotels are few in number and are often fully booked. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel, security and health problems within the country. Embassy Locations: The U.S. Embassy is located in Micro Region 11, Big Ring Road, Ulaanbaatar. The telephone numbers are (976-1)329-095 and 329-606. No. 94-140 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 9, 1993 and provides updated currency information. Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 Photo_2 _} `\[XXVXXVX VV[\[X\V[` [``xw {[\V[XXV\ {\[[V V[X[X\[XXV Ydmmqtwt XVVXVX Y`m{w d`XX[X MDMMD XV[VL `X[\X [XV[`m w{dX[ d`[X\ dX[XXL??U wwtqt XL?XXdu `[XX[ tdXVXXo RRGRp +868B `c[[X[t 2RGRGR iX\[ON[q i~v~O~~i 1^eYF 1^^Fs|F ^FeFe Y\vi\~` Y[N[``t e::Yg \[[X\[X[[` t`[\XVXVV VX[ww ~~riv mY`[V [XX[[``Oq fJ)rr !rf)) J)?))J) [\VXVXXVXX VX[X\maw dVVXX[[V V[\VXV\d ))?J?!))r U!J)U!?rf VLVXXV\[dm t\[X[LVX\ wu`VX[[XVX ))r)v)) ?!J(A(s &;2;b+ !??U) ..}]]. 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THE WORLD FACTBOOK Montserrat Header Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Montserrat Geography Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 100 sq km land area: 100 sq km comparative area: about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 40 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation Terrain: volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 10% forest and woodland: 40% other: 30% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation natural hazards: severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (there are seven active volcanoes on the island) international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Montserrat People Population: 12,738 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 0.3% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.5 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.81 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 11.69 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.69 years male: 73.93 years female: 77.49 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.99 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Montserratian(s) adjective: Montserratian Ethnic divisions: black, Europeans Religions: Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations Languages: English Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970) total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% Labor force: 5,100 by occupation: community, social, and personal services 40.5%, construction 13.5%, trade, restaurants, and hotels 12.3%, manufacturing 10.5%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 8.8%, other 14.4% (1983 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Montserrat Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Montserrat Digraph: MH Type: dependent territory of the UK Capital: Plymouth Administrative divisions: 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter's Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK) National holiday: Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second Saturday of June) Constitution: present constitution came into force 19 December 1989 Legal system: English common law and statute law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Frank SAVAGE (since NA February 1993) head of government: Chief Minister Reuben T. MEADE (since NA October 1991) cabinet: Executive Council; consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministries, the attorney-general, and the finance secretary Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council: elections last held 8 October 1991; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (11 total, 7 elected) NPP 4, NDP 1, PLM 1, independent 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: National Progressive Party (NPP) Reuben T. MEADE; People's Liberation Movement (PLM), Noel TUITT; National Development Party (NDP), Bertrand OSBORNE Member of: CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, INTERPOL (subbureau), OECS, WCL Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the UK) US diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK) Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross THE WORLD FACTBOOK Montserrat Economy Overview: The economy is small and open with economic activity centered on tourism and construction. Tourism is the most important sector and accounts for roughly one-fifth of GDP. Agriculture accounts for about 4% of GDP and industry 10%. The economy is heavily dependent on imports, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices. Exports consist mainly of electronic parts sold to the US. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $55.6 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 1% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $4,380 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.8% (1992) Unemployment rate: NA Budget: revenues: $12.1 million expenditures: $14.3 million, including capital expenditures of $3.2 million (1988 est.) Exports: $2.8 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: electronic parts, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle partners: NA Imports: $80.6 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials partners: NA External debt: $2.05 million (1987) Industrial production: growth rate 8.1% (1986); accounts for 10% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 5,271 kW production: 17 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,106 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism; light manufacturing - rum, textiles, electronic appliances Agriculture: accounts for 4% of GDP; small-scale farming; food crops - tomatoes, onions, peppers; not self-sufficient in food, especially livestock products Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $90 million Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Montserrat Economy Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Montserrat Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 280 km paved: 200 km unpaved: gravel, earth 80 km Ports: Plymouth Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Montserrat Communications Telephone system: 3,000 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Montserrat Defense Forces Branches: Police Force Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK T*u* Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights MONTSERR ,+8+{G J+V+M language Z*^ ] Zee(k ##$$0 ]`]``bb`` ``b``b]b`b 41,_l4=U, ``vqtqbv]v I.I.I II.I% ]f]qh ]vqii `]bb]b bif.] fnpnh]``-] `hb]] bhhf]f`]b` fbf]`hh]]f hb]]f]]f`] b]b]`b]]bb v]f)] v]b(] v]`'] q]`&] `b`]] ]bb]]f` y]`&] hii]fb]]h] f`bh]bi]`i i]fb]fb q]`+] s(~|W` |]`*] ~~{~{~ p]`)] i]`*] LTOCDBC 2:2Le, E0)RC 1ja91&@ }7dDC bQCbXCXbCC qCXQCXQw qwKCX Sa@@aJ ?>PWW P??6? yR'?66"?6 (=G/= 'd??>d W?>6WW JuS1u @juSa &j#eA% SBzLzU:le, 9Sa99S :LzlULA &PWWPW WPWWPWW6 JJSjS9 S@uSa& JSJJ&9j9 &a9u@ rgOYrg O$*$*$*$* $*$* *$*$*$*$*$ *$**$O OO`O` `O`OO Al|L%L zA:L, WW6W6W6"W ?6'W" ?v6?WP ele % leL:e @JjjJ@@ ja&jj JSaa& 1@JjS11 hKKQKCK CQQCqqXXQ SaSa& 9JaaJ@@J 6vP6P6 >>'PP xiQXK iiXXxx 1JaS9 xXQXQX XCCDCCbw e:,L2L xiRR{R 6?6"o Xn B= P""vPdW 6"d"P"P6" ""6"6?6"?\ "v"d"d? 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Nauru Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nauru Geography Location: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 21 sq km land area: 21 sq km comparative area: about one-tenth the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 30 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February) Terrain: sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center Natural resources: phosphates Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater; phosphate mining threatens limited remaining land resources natural hazards: periodic droughts international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Marine Dumping; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea Note: Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nauru People Population: 10,149 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 1.33% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 18.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.1 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 40.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.68 years male: 64.3 years female: 69.18 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.08 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan Ethnic divisions: Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8% Religions: Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic) Languages: Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes Literacy: NA% Labor force: by occupation: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nauru Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island Digraph: NR Type: republic Capital: no official capital; government offices in Yaren District Administrative divisions: 14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren Independence: 31 January 1968 (from the Australia, New Zealand, and UK-administered UN trusteeship) National holiday: Independence Day, 31 January (1968) Constitution: 29 January 1968 Legal system: own Acts of Parliament and British common law Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 12 December 1989); election last held 19 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - Bernard DOWIYOGO elected by Parliament cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president from the parliament Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament: elections last held on 14 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (18 total) independents 18 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: none Member of: AsDB, C (special), ESCAP, ICAO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UPU Diplomatic representation in US: consulate(s): Agana (Guam) US diplomatic representation: the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru Flag: blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nauru Economy Overview: Revenues come from the export of phosphates, the reserves of which are expected to be exhausted by the year 2000. Phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World. Few other resources exist, so most necessities must be imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. Substantial amounts of phosphate income are invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $100 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $10,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: 0% Budget: revenues: $69.7 million expenditures: $51.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1986 est.) Exports: $93 million (f.o.b., 1984) commodities: phosphates partners: Australia, NZ Imports: $73 million (c.i.f., 1984) commodities: food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery partners: Australia, UK, NZ, Japan External debt: $33.3 million Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 14,000 kW production: 30 million kWh consumption per capita: 3,036 kWh (1993) Industries: phosphate mining, financial services, coconut products Agriculture: coconuts; other agricultural activity negligible; almost completely dependent on imports for food and water Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries (1970-89), $2 million Currency: 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nauru Economy Exchange rates: Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2834 (1991), 1.2799 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nauru Transportation Railroads: total: 3.9 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast Highways: 27 km paved: 21 km unpaved: improved earth 6 km Ports: Nauru Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nauru Communications Telephone system: 1,600 telephones; adequate local and international radio communications provided via Australian facilities local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: 4,000 Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nauru Defense Forces Branches: no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force Defense expenditures: $NA; note - no formal defense structure NAURU - Passport, visa, onward/return ticket and sponsorship from a resident in Nauru required. For more information contact Consulate of the Republic of Nauru in Guam, P.O. Box Am, Agana, Guam 96910 (671/649-8300). Nauru - Consular Information Sheet July 15, 1994 Country Description: Nauru is a constitutional republic with a parliamentary system of government. Its economy is based on the export of phosphates. Tourist facilities are available on a limited basis. Yaren, the capital, has an international airport. Entry Requirements: Passports, visas, and onward/return tickets are required. Further specific information is available from the Consulate of the Republic of Nauru, First Floor, ADA Professional Building, Marine Drive, in Agana, Guam. The telephone number is (671) 649-8300, with the mailing address P.O. Box A.M., Agana, Guam, 96910. Medical Facilities: Health care facilities in the Republic of Nauru are adequate for routine medical problems. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental Medical insurance which specifically covers overseas treatment has proven to be useful to travelers. The International Travelers' Hotline of the Centers for Disease Control, telephone number (404) 332-4559 has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: The crime rate in the Republic of Nauru is low. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy in Suva, Fiji can obtain up-to-date information on travel and security in Nauru. Embassy Location: There is no U.S. Embassy or other diplomatic post in Nauru. Assistance for U.S. citizens is available at the U.S. Embassy in Fiji located at 31 Loftus Street in the capital city of Suva. The telephone number is: (679) 314-466. No. 94-115 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 16, 1993, reissued without change following an annual review. Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights NAURU language NNSSN{K NNSNS SSKKN Sadxtg SXXVLNKgai VXXVKKS tkkXKVYNjK mKRLax tSVNagx SYSKKNNx dKKZi| gNKVgK VXNNKmx sKSKp pKYSeK SVVK| KXXdK aKXX-K LNKK$G XNVS,K {]KTN NXKa| xVKNN)K \SXNK aVN)K sxgKNKS gKZZK ZVXX'K 2OHHA AHAHH NUKSKt KSXYN$K KTKSKt mKZVK KNSXXS!K KTKSK aKNVX K 2wjj[ KTKSKt KTKSKt pKYZX ].. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; +$+$+ |W3 A% 4i4JV J4i4JVJ sVJ4i4JVsJ VJ4i4J J4i4si4JVJ 4is4i4JVJ4 J4i4JVJsV J4i4JVsJVJ 4JVJ4 i4si4JVJ4i s4i4JVJ4 4i4JVJsVJ4 i4JVsJVJ4i 4JVJ4i4 si4JVJ4is4 i4JVJ4 4JVJsVJ4i4 JVsJVJ4i4J 4JVJ4i4si 4JVJ4is4 JJ{s{s JJ{s{s s{JG4 s{JsK s{sG4 s{sJ} Navassa Island Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Navassa Island Header Affiliation: (territory of the US) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Navassa Island Geography Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, about one-fourth of the way from Haiti to Jamaica Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 5.2 sq km land area: 5.2 sq km comparative area: about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 8 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claimed by Haiti Climate: marine, tropical Terrain: raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 meters high) Natural resources: guano Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 10% forest and woodland: 0% other: 90% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: strategic location 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; mostly exposed rock, but enough grassland to support goat herds; dense stands of fig-like trees, scattered cactus THE WORLD FACTBOOK Navassa Island People Population: uninhabited; note - transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island THE WORLD FACTBOOK Navassa Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Navassa Island Digraph: BQ Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Coast Guard Capital: none; administered from Washington, DC THE WORLD FACTBOOK Navassa Island Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Navassa Island Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only THE WORLD FACTBOOK Navassa Island Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the US Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights NAVASSA_ language `c`_^ OO"10"O1 1OO)) n^`^`fZ^ OO"O) `cff`^r v^h`X^ )O))") `ff^^`^ `f`^fg ##( `cf`f`ff`c ffc`fc`ff^ `f`fcfc^f^ ff`^f`f {pIR!X&R& c^`c^^c` c^^c` hf^`h^fhff hhfchfchh` `h^hff^fhf fhc^h` z^`N^ z^`K^ o^`I^ ^^W^% 5yuuX z^`F^ z^`E^ o^cC^ d``B^ f^`A^ ~^c>^ c^`>^ z^`?^ n^`?^ q^`@^ ccf`c`c s^`A^ z^`B^ z^`C^ f^cok `s`onncff^ qnk^nnkqh v^`F^ oo^nnqf qkn~fokr cf`^z v^cG^ ^c^^c v^fH^ c``^`^`^`` d`fM^ z`^f`N^ ^`^ffP^ v^^chcR^ `fcU^ ff`W^ fc`_^ fhccw^ `^cfc cf`^`h `fh^`^q q^`h` `ffc^` q^cf` `h`D^N` nosHr sqoe ^ 44373272 4433732723 42/434//44 72442 2/32/34//7 372442322/ 73279GJM^\ 4ZQVHFK CCK7CH7KHF H=CHK9FH7H H9Ll=D9QV9 C7K=9KCFDQ VFQVE7VV7 H7K==KHLLV VHQK7CQ<=+ Q7?37E 7/CE99?4?3 7E99H?FF ?FHD?DD?F? 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N=N !*pJ] OOJ;; PIFrHH H`QIrI 8rrIrQQ M!1!M o68bI PI8Nr Ir86868NI u.1%. -m -uu -$1Hu: uu%ul {2{.v_ .--.1- 1z-9_ .%.--2nz 2$y2$ .-1-11 1-.&-- z-.21 zu.z2 ::3 _32v 2_.22.. __ {; {{22;. u-u.% m&.vv &zz.%- -u%%-- w1-.2 {z2zz_ 3{__ _ _{ 3' {{33 ;3?;/ _3;;_ ;? -%-y- %m-my zmuum-H _;_ 1 2- ;; _ 3 ; .m.%v Netherlands Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights NETHERL x8dot3 Dutch language 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Geography Location: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany Map references: Europe Area: total area: 37,330 sq km land area: 33,920 sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey Land boundaries: total 1,027 km, Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km Coastline: 451 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters Terrain: mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, fertile soil Land use: arable land: 26% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 32% forest and woodland: 9% other: 32% Irrigated land: 5,500 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain natural hazards: the extensive system of dikes and dams, protects nearly one-half of the total area from being flooded international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Desertification, Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Geography Note: located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands People Population: 15,452,903 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 18% (female 1,382,057; male 1,445,451) 15-64 years: 68% (female 5,184,224; male 5,369,018) 65 years and over: 14% (female 1,238,336; male 833,817) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.52% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 1.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.95 years male: 74.9 years female: 81.17 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.56 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women) adjective: Dutch Ethnic divisions: Dutch 96%, Moroccans, Turks, and other 4% (1988) Religions: Roman Catholic 34%, Protestant 25%, Muslim 3%, other 2%, unaffiliated 36% (1991) Languages: Dutch Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1979 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 6.4 million (1993) by occupation: services 71.4%, manufacturing and construction 24.6%, agriculture 4.0% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of the Netherlands conventional short form: Netherlands local long form: Koninkrijk de Nederlanden local short form: Nederland Digraph: NL Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Amsterdam; The Hague is the seat of government Administrative divisions: 12 provinces (provincien, singular - provincie); Drenthe, Flevoland, Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Noord-Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland, Zuid-Holland Dependent areas: Aruba, Netherlands Antilles Independence: 1579 (from Spain) National holiday: Queen's Day, 30 April (1938) Constitution: 17 February 1983 Legal system: civil law system incorporating French penal theory; judicial review in the Supreme Court of legislation of lower order rather than Acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER, Prince of Orange, son of Queen Beatrix (born 27 April 1967) head of government: Prime Minister Willem (Wim) KOK (since 22 August 1994); Vice Prime Minister Hans DIJKSTAL and Hans VAN MIERLO (since 22 August 1994) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral legislature (Staten Generaal) First Chamber (Eerste Kamer): members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils for four-year terms; elections last held 9 June l991 (next to be held 9 June 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (75 total) number of seats by party NA Second Chamber (Tweede Kamer): members directly elected for four-year terms; elections last held on 3 May 1994 (next to be held in May 1999); results - PvdA 24.3%, CDA 22.3%, VVD 20.4%, D'66 16.5%, other 16.5%; seats - (150 total) PvdA 37, CDA 34, VVD 31, D'66 24, other 24 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (De Hoge Raad) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Government Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Hans HELGERS; Labor (PvdA), Wim KOK; Liberal (VVD - People's Party for Freedom and Democracy), Frits BOLKESTEIN; Democrats '66 (D'66), Hans van MIERLO; a host of minor parties Other political or pressure groups: large multinational firms; Federation of Netherlands Trade Union Movement (comprising Socialist and Catholic trade unions) and a Protestant trade union; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; the nondenominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises; and Interchurch Peace Council (IKV) Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, FAO, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Adriaan JACOBOVITS DE SZEGED chancery: 4200 Linnean Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-5300 FAX: [1] (202) 362-3430 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Kirk Terry DORNBUSH embassy: Lange Voorhout 102, 2514 EJ The Hague mailing address: PSC 71, Box 1000, the Hague; APO AE 09715 telephone: [31] (70) 310-9209 FAX: [31] (70) 361-4688 consulate(s) general: Amsterdam Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Economy Overview: This highly developed and affluent economy is based on private enterprise. The government makes its presence felt, however, through many regulations, permit requirements, and welfare programs affecting most aspects of economic activity. The trade and financial services sector contributes over 50% of GDP. Industrial activity provides about 25% of GDP and is led by the food-processing, oil-refining, and metalworking industries. The highly mechanized agricultural sector employs only 4% of the labor force, but provides large surpluses for export and the domestic food-processing industry. Indeed the Netherlands ranks third worldwide in value of agricultural exports, behind the US and France. High unemployment and a sizable budget deficit are currently the most serious economic problems. Many of the economic issues of the 1990s will reflect the course of European economic integration. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $275.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $17,940 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (December 1994) Unemployment rate: 8.8% (December 1994) Budget: revenues: $109.9 billion expenditures: $122.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.) Exports: $153 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: metal products, chemicals, processed food and tobacco, agricultural products partners: EC 77% (Germany 27%, Belgium-Luxembourg 15%, UK 10%), Central and Eastern Europe 10%, US 4% (1991) Imports: $137 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: raw materials and semifinished products, consumer goods, transportation equipment, crude oil, food products partners: EC 64% (Germany 26%, Belgium-Luxembourg 14%, UK 8%), US 8% (1991) External debt: $0 Industrial production: growth rate -1.5% (1993 est.); accounts for 25% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 17,520,000 kW production: 72.4 billion kWh consumption per capita: 5,100 kWh (1993) Industries: agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, fishing, construction, microelectronics THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Economy Agriculture: accounts for 4.6% of GDP; animal production predominates; crops - grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; shortages of grain, fats, and oils Illicit drugs: important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; European producer of illicit amphetamines and other synthetic drugs Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $19.4 billion Currency: 1 Netherlands guilder, gulden, or florin (f.) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Netherlands guilders, gulden, or florins (f.) per US$1 - 1.7178 (January 1995), 1.8200 (1994), 1.8573 (1993), 1.7585 (1992), 1.8697 (1991), 1.8209 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Transportation Railroads: total: 2,757 km standard gauge: 2,757 km km 1.435-m gauge (1,991 km electrified; 1,800 km double track) (1994) Highways: total: 104,831 km paved: 92,251 km (2,118 km of expressway) unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 12,580 km (1992) Inland waterways: 6,340 km, of which 35% is usable by craft of 1,000 metric ton capacity or larger Pipelines: crude oil 418 km; petroleum products 965 km; natural gas 10,230 km Ports: Amsterdam, Delfzijl, Dordrecht, Eemshaven, Groningen, Haarlem, Ijmuiden, Maastricht, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Utrecht Merchant marine: total: 343 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,629,578 GRT/3,337,307 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 195, chemical tanker 21, combination bulk 3, container 33, liquefied gas tanker 12, livestock carrier 1, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 37, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 18, roll-on/roll-off cargo 14, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2 note: many Dutch-owned ships are also registered on the Netherlands Antilles register Airports: total: 29 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 8 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Communications Telephone system: 9,418,000 telephones; highly developed, well maintained, and integrated; extensive redundant system of multiconductor cables, supplemented by microwave radio relay links local: nationwide mobile phone system intercity: microwave radio relay international: 5 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3 (relays 3), FM 12 (repeaters 39), shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 8 (repeaters 7) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Defense Forces Branches: Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Constabulary Manpower availability: males age 15-49 4,177,555; males fit for military service 3,656,529; males reach military age (20) annually 94,771 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $7.1 billion, 2.2% of GDP (1994) NETHERLANDS - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist/business visit up to 90 days. Tourists may be asked to show onward/return ticket or proof of sufficient funds for stay. For further information contact Embassy of the Netherlands, 4200 Linnean Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/244-5300) or nearest Consulate General: CA (213/380-3440), IL (312/856-0110), NY (212/246-1429) or TX (713/622-8000). Netherlands - Consular Information Sheet October 24, 1994 Country Description: The Netherlands is a highly developed, stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for tourist or business stays up to 90 days. For further information concerning entry requirements for the Netherlands, travelers can contact the Embassy of the Netherlands at 4200 Linnean Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 328-4800, or the nearest Dutch Consulate General in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, or New York. Customs: Regulations strictly prohibit the importation of items made from animals or plants protected under the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species. This includes, for example, clothing made of animal fur or skin. Travelers should contact the Embassy of the Netherlands or the nearest Dutch Consulate General to obtain specific information about specific items. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, tel. (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The Netherlands has a low, but rising, violent crime rate, little or none of which is directed at tourists. Nevertheless, visitors to Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague, and other areas may become targets of pickpockets, bag snatchers, and other petty thieves. Thieves in Amsterdam are most active in and around the central train station, the red light district, in restaurants, on public transportation, and in other tourist areas of the city. Thefts of bicycles and of personal belongings from automobiles, especially car stereos, are very common throughout the Netherlands. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. The Netherlands enforces strict penalties for drug possession and trafficking. Registration: U.S. citizens who intend to remain in the Netherlands for more than a few weeks may register at the Consulate General in Amsterdam, where all American citizens can obtain updated information on travel and security in the Netherlands. The U.S. Embassy in the Hague provides no consular services. Embassy and Consulate Locations: The U.S. Embassy in the Netherlands is located in The Hague, at Lange Voorhout 102; telephone (31)(70) 310-9209. All requests for consular assistance should be directed to the Consulate General in Amsterdam at Museumplein 19, telephone (31) (20) 664-5661 or (31) (20) 679-0321, and fax (31) (20) 575-5310. The after-hours emergency telephone number is (31) (20) 310-9499. No. 94-244 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 29, 1993 to update information on crime and the Consulate General telephone numbers. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; E Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z EEA 11-1919 --011 1--11- --11- 1-11- -1-1- 119199 91911 91--11- --1-- -191- -11-1 11-11- 11--9 1-11- 1-11- 19119 -11-11 Netherlands Antilles Map Button Image 9,9, THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles Header Affiliation: (part of the Dutch realm) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles Geography Location: Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela and the other is east of the Virgin Islands Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 960 sq km land area: 960 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 5.5 times the size of Washington, DC note: includes Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin) Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 364 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds Terrain: generally hilly, volcanic interiors Natural resources: phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only) Land use: arable land: 8% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 92% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt, so rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October international agreements: party to - Whaling (extended from Netherlands) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles People Population: 203,505 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 26% (female 25,349; male 26,577) 15-64 years: 67% (female 69,273; male 67,485) 65 years and over: 7% (female 8,599; male 6,222) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.06% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 16.23 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.26 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.94 years male: 74.67 years female: 79.33 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Netherlands Antillean(s) adjective: Netherlands Antillean Ethnic divisions: mixed African 85%, Carib Indian, European, Latin, Oriental Religions: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Seventh-Day Adventist Languages: Dutch (official), Papiamento a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1981) total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% Labor force: 89,000 by occupation: government 65%, industry and commerce 28% (1983) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Netherlands Antilles local long form: none local short form: Nederlandse Antillen Digraph: NT Type: part of the Dutch realm; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954 Capital: Willemstad Administrative divisions: none (part of the Dutch realm) Independence: none (part of the Dutch realm) National holiday: Queen's Day, 30 April (1938) Constitution: 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended Legal system: based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Jaime SALEH (since NA October 1989) head of government: Prime Minister Miguel POURIER (since 25 February 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed with the advice and approval of the unicameral legislature Legislative branch: unicameral Staten: elections last held on 25 February 1994 (next to be held March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (23 total) PAR 8, PNP 3, SPA 2, PDB 2, UPB 1, MAN 2, DP 1, WIPM 1, DP-St.E 1, DP-St.M 1, Nos Patria 1 note: the government of Prime Minister Miguel POURIER is a coalition of several parties Judicial branch: Joint High Court of Justice Political parties and leaders: political parties are indigenous to each island Bonaire: Patriotic Union of Bonaire (UPB), Rudy ELLIS; Democratic Party of Bonaire (PDB), Franklin CRESTIAN Curacao: Antillean Restructuring Party (PAR), Miguel POURIER; National People's Party (PNP), Maria LIBERIA-PETERS; New Antilles Movement (MAN), Domenico Felip Don MARTINA; Workers' Liberation Front (FOL), Wilson (Papa) GODETT; Socialist Independent (SI), George HUECK and Nelson MONTE; Democratic Party of Curacao (DP), Augustin DIAZ; Nos Patria, Chin BEHILIA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles Government Saba: Windward Islands People's Movement (WIPM Saba), Will JOHNSON; Saba Democratic Labor Movement, Vernon HASSELL; Saba Unity Party, Carmen SIMMONDS Sint Eustatius: Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius (DP-St.E), K. Van PUTTEN; Windward Islands People's Movement (WIPM); St. Eustatius Alliance (SEA), Ralph BERKEL Sint Maarten: Democratic Party of Sint Maarten (DP-St.M), Claude WATHEY; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten (SPA), Vance JAMES Member of: CARICOM (observer), ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, INTERPOL, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WMO, WTO (associate) Diplomatic representation in US: none (self-governing part of the Netherlands) US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Consul General Bernard J. WOERZ consulate(s) general: Saint Anna Boulevard 19, Willemstad, Curacao mailing address: P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao telephone: [599] (9) 61-3066 FAX: [599] (9) 61-6489 Flag: white with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band also centered; five white five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles Economy Overview: Tourism and offshore finance are the mainstays of the economy. The islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure as compared with other countries in the region. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with Venezuela and the US being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.85 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 1.8% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $10,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.5% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 13.4% (1993 est.) Budget: revenues: $209 million expenditures: $232 million, including capital expenditures of $8 million (1992 est.) Exports: $240 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: petroleum products 98% partners: US 39%, Brazil 9%, Colombia 6% Imports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: crude petroleum 64%, food, manufactures partners: Venezuela 26%, US 18%, Colombia 6%, Netherlands 6%, Japan 5% External debt: $672 million (December 1991) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 200,000 kW production: 810 million kWh consumption per capita: 4,054 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism (Curacao and Sint Maarten), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao) Agriculture: chief products - aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit Illicit drugs: money-laundering center; transshipment point for South American cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $513 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles Economy Currency: 1 Netherlands Antillean guilder, gulden, or florin (NAf.) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Netherlands Antillean guilders, gulden, or florins (NAf.) per US$1 - 1.79 (fixed rate since 1989; 1.80 fixed rate 1971-88) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 950 km paved: 300 km unpaved: gravel, earth 650 km Ports: Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad Merchant marine: total: 110 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,044,553 GRT/1,343,842 DWT ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 2, cargo 36, chemical tanker 6, combination ore/oil 1, liquefied gas tanker 4, multifunction large-load carrier 20, oil tanker 2, passenger 4, refrigerated cargo 27, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7 Airports: total: 5 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; generally adequate facilities local: NA intercity: extensive interisland microwave radio relay links international: 2 submarine cables; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Netherlands Antilles Defense Forces Branches: Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Royal Netherlands Air Force, National Guard, Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 56,058; males fit for military service 31,558; males reach military age (20) annually 1,734 (1995 est.) Note: defense is responsibility of the Netherlands NETHERLANDS ANTILLES - Islands include Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Statia, St. Maarten. Passport or proof of U.S. citizenship required. Visa not required for stay up to 14 days, extendable to 90 days after arrival. Tourists may be asked to show onward/return ticket or proof of sufficient funds for stay. Departure tax $10 when leaving Bonaire and Curacao, $4 in Statia, $10 in St. Maarten. For further information consult Embassy of the Netherlands (202/244-5300), or nearest Consulate General: CA (213/380-3440), IL (312/856-0110), NY (212/246-1429) or TX (713/622-8000). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Netherlands Antilles & Aruba ============================================================ Netherlands Antilles & Aruba - Consular Information Sheet August 24, 1995 Country Description: The Netherlands Antilles and Aruba are autonomous parts of the kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands Antilles include the islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, St. Eustatius (also known as Statia), and St. Maarten (Dutch side). Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport or proof of U.S. citizenship is required. A visa is not required for a stay of up to 14 days, extendable to 90 days after arrival. Tourists may be asked to show an onward/return ticket or proof of sufficient funds for their stay. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can consult the Embassy of the Netherlands, 4200 Wisconsin Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016, tel: (202) 244-5300, or the nearest Dutch consulate in Los Angeles, Chicago, New York or Houston. Medical Facilities: Medical care is generally good, but may be limited in more remote areas. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate payment in cash or by a major credit card for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplementary medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: For details on specific islands, see below. For all islands, petty street crime occurs. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. Aruba: Failed land development schemes involving time share investments and financial losses by foreigners are increasing. Leasees of vehicle rentals may not be fully covered by local insurance when a vehicle is stolen. Bonaire: Potential investors may wish to seek professional advice regarding investments involving land development projects. Curacao: Street crime has increased. Burglary is commonplace and armed robbery occurs. Car theft, including that of rental vehicles for joy-riding and stripping, occurs frequently. St. Maarten: Burglary and the theft of unguarded personal belongings in cars--including rental cars--at the beach or on private boats is common. Armed robbery is on the rise and is sometimes accompanied by indiscriminate shooting of the victims. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences, possibly in a very overcrowded prison, and fines. Aviation Oversight - Netherlands Antilles: In February 1993, the U.S Federal Aviation Administration assessed the Netherlands Antilles' civil aviation authority as not in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Netherlands Antilles carriers operating to and from the U.S. While consultations to correct the deficiencies are ongoing, air carriers licensed by the Netherlands Antilles are permitted to conduct limited operations to the U.S. subject to heightened FAA surveillance. The FAA is not providing heightened surveillance for operations to destinations other than the U.S. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Aruba: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in April 1995, the FAA has found the Government of Aruba's Civil Aviation Authority to not be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of Aruba air carrier operations. While consultations to correct the deficiencies are ongoing, Aruban air carriers are permitted to conduct limited operations to the U.S. subject to heightened FAA surveillance. The FAA is not providing heightened surveillance for operations to destinations other than the U.S. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 800 322-7873. Consulate Locations/Registration: U.S. citizens may register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Consulate General serving the islands of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, located at J.B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad, Curacao; telephone (599-9) 613-066. U.S. citizens may obtain from the Consulate General updated information on travel and security in the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. No. 95-101 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated November 7, 1994, to include Aviation Oversight information for Aruba. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Dutch Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights NETHERLA BQNQ{G `QlQM language Pnn&s yW]WW WbWW]W 6D)!D WbWW]W )DL)) WbWW]W WbWW]W #D#)!# WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W krGA&G88/ WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW] PTTPTTPPW WbWW]W _WWTW WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W &wkwG WbWW]W WbWW] WbWW] WbWW]W WbWW] WbWW] WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W YW\Lz WbWW]W WbWW]W WbWW]W ~W]WW]W ]bWdZZ]]dd ]]dd]] ZZddZWbWWb WZ]WddbXW ZZWZ]WW]Z pWZAW bdd?W WbZ]d ~W]?W gZdbW WWZWWZ ]bZeWb]bbZ WWbZWWbeed ZeWWeZZee] deeZWd]WZe eWZ>W ]b]]W ]bWWg~ tZb?W tZZ>W jWZ@W tZZ=W {WZDW pWZbW]Z ZbZ]Zb bZeeWbb!W tWZWbZ W]Z W ]]Z]WWZZbZ bbWWdW tWb5W ]tmWoZWZWm geW]WmeWZW ]WW]eW tcgZWZb WZWZWp WW]]W dbZ8W WZW]ZW] d]]ebWZdZ bm]Wm bmgd~bjmgW mWdW]] bZ]]Zb"W yW]Wbb WZdZ]eddW] {We]ZHW ZWZWWZbZ yWeWZb bZZb]ZbZb] Z]]?W ~W]:W ZWZZ=W tZZ9W yWdW{ pWZ8W d]]CW yWbWWb {WZ9W jWbbZ ]WZZ;W mWbbJW bZWbZb]W]Z=W W]dLW W_ZMW WbZNW W_ZOW jWZYW tWWZ] Zb]bbW Z]bZZb]W b]dZZ]ZbbW ZWWZb ]ZWZZWZ]ZW Z]WW]Z W Zd]W]dWd ddbbdb]dbW bbZdbZWdd] dbZ]e WlZ~W jjpgo TVY{W ||x,_WYyW $5$$' .-01-$-00- .-$$-$$-1 - -1-$'00- $'0-$.-$-$ $-'$'00'$- -.--$'1.0- $$.0'$$'-$ $-$$-1-$.- $--$'.$$.0 $$.0-'$.22 @>QWUyW |1F7i ;QWUyW 7=>QWUyW 5fJ; 2=>QWUyW >:>QWUyW <:>QWUyW C:>QWUyW <:>QWUyW 1C1-7<. ?1-2@1.20. -E1.2C7 .12-2?:?5 v15027 .E=2. 2..<72 .12:<:>QWUyW <7Ef. <::CE?:?E? 0ECE? :QWUyW $B1.7?7 <<2=7.2= =2.7= <<2=2-27.2 <:>QWUyW B;;B;;BB QWUyW VWz1Bh@ >QWUyW YWQkN XWYyW ]ZWZWZWZZW ZWZWZW]Z]Z ]Z]]W ]W]bZW Z]WZZWW] edeje {oWjepeojW mWjejgt{ jttmtpWgj tm{gmmgo{e em{gb e]moed{jgW pggmZde {WeoZW ZWZZ]WWZWZ Z]ZZWWZ]ZZ ]]Z]Z ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; h2|1c2" New Caledonia Map Button Image & THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia Header Affiliation: (overseas territory of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia Geography Location: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 19,060 sq km land area: 18,760 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than New Jersey Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 2,254 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid Terrain: coastal plains with interior mountains Natural resources: nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 14% forest and woodland: 51% other: 35% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: typhoons most frequent from November to March international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia People Population: 184,552 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 31% (female 27,712; male 28,677) 15-64 years: 64% (female 58,462; male 60,169) 65 years and over: 5% (female 4,997; male 4,535) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.75% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 22.04 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.9 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.02 years male: 70.73 years female: 77.48 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.57 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: New Caledonian(s) adjective: New Caledonian Ethnic divisions: Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3% Religions: Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10% Languages: French, 28 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1976) total population: 91% male: 92% female: 90% Labor force: 50,469 foreign workers for plantations and mines from Wallis and Futuna, Vanuatu, and French Polynesia (1980 est.) by occupation: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies conventional short form: New Caledonia local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie Digraph: NC Type: overseas territory of France since 1956 Capital: Noumea Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud Independence: none (overseas territory of France; a referendum on independence will be held in 1998) National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789) Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) Legal system: the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981) head of government: High Commissioner and President of the Council of Government Didier CULTIAUX (since NA July 1994; appointed by the French Ministry of the Interior); President of the Territorial Congress Simon LOUECKHOTE (since 26 June 1989) cabinet: Consultative Committee Legislative branch: unicameral Territorial Assembly: elections last held 11 June 1989 (next to be held July 1995); results - RPCR 44.5%, FLNKS 28.5%, FN 7%, CD 5%, UO 4%, other 11%; seats - (54 total) RPCR 27, FLNKS 19, FN 3, other 5; note - election boycotted by FULK French Senate: elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held September 2001); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) RPCR 1 French National Assembly: elections last held 21 March 1993 (next to be held 21 and 28 March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) RPCR 2 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia Government Political parties and leaders: white-dominated Rassemblement pour la Caledonie dans la Republique (RPCR), conservative, Jacques LAFLEUR, president - affiliated to France's Rassemblement pour la Republique (RPR; also called South Province Party); Melanesian proindependence Kanaka Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS), Paul NEAOUTYINE; Melanesian moderate Kanak Socialist Liberation (LKS), Nidoish NAISSELINE; National Front (FN), extreme right, Guy GEORGE; Caledonie Demain (CD), right-wing, Bernard MARANT; Union Oceanienne (UO), conservative, Michel HEMA; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak (FULK), proindependence, Clarence UREGEI; Union Caledonian (UC), Francois BURCK, president; "1999" (new party calling for an autonomous state), Philippe PENTECOST Member of: ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: none (overseas territory of France) US diplomatic representation: none (overseas territory of France) Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia Economy Overview: New Caledonia has more than 25% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a negligible amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 25% of imports. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1991 est.) National product real growth rate: 2.4% (1988) National product per capita: $6,000 (1991 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.4% (1990) Unemployment rate: 16% (1989) Budget: revenues: $224 million expenditures: $211 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1985 est.) Exports: $671 million (f.o.b., 1989) commodities: nickel metal 87%, nickel ore partners: France 32%, Japan 23.5%, US 3.6% Imports: $764 million (c.i.f., 1989) commodities: foods, fuels, minerals, machines, electrical equipment partners: France 44.0%, US 10%, Australia 9% External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 250,000 kW production: 1.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 6,178 kWh (1993) Industries: nickel mining and smelting Agriculture: large areas devoted to cattle grazing; coffee, corn, wheat, vegetables; 60% self-sufficient in beef Illicit drugs: illicit cannabis cultivation is becoming a principal source of income for some families Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.185 billion Currency: 1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia Economy Exchange rates: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 96.25 (January 1995), 100.93 (1994), 102.96 (1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991), 99.00 (1990); note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 6,340 km paved: 634 km unpaved: 5,706 km (1987) Ports: Mueo, Noumea, Thio Merchant marine: total: 1 roll-on/roll-off ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,079 GRT/724 DWT Airports: 36 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 19 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 13 THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia Communications Telephone system: 32,578 telephones (1987) local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) satellite link Radio: broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 7 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK New Caledonia Defense Forces Branches: French Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP Note: defense is the responsibility of France Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights NEW_CALE language dhXY#[ `[XXh` jD''}t" `g[ee[`hh` [ghb[ebgbe be[be ``[bb[[eb[ DO'DW _eeg` y[b[[bh` `[p|Yb [\\[\[[X[7 Wt18W YX\]]YYX[7 y[`$[ jjW W} b[[`b[[e `[qpYy `g[`b[`gg[ bb[e[eb`[~ ``g`h\ y[`$[ j1"'D 1D""j1 |[`&[ ~[bb([ xob`+[ `ebg[y [eb`,[ G{s;s `g`[ho[ [eb`-[ ``[eb `ebgm {5I F bb[bb`b[`b [[bb[`b[`[ s&3 0 e[[e[``[`e [be[[bb`b [|~xx`p |[x~[x hupu[ xb[ge `b`[p `qo``[b`eg [[e[[be[g `g[[p `oq[uox~[` `pq[o pu[~y[b [bb~b[[p ~[hH[ m[b`` `ge`L[ `[qh[[``g[ `ebJ[ `eg[| xhqquqqb [~x[` g`_[b [uy[b[q `b[bb`b bb[e[e`[[b `gm[e[ b`[[`b[`[ b`[[`g[u [bbW[ op[\[` y`[eg `[[`m` ``ebe[bg`[ [`bb`[b [b[`bC[ b`bb[`` [e[`[ [`[`b`bB[ |xxby[y o[b [ X\[[e ~[`e [ p[`[[ u[g`#[ x[g'[ [~x[| [x|[`A[ [eb'[ `[[b`bb e[e[``[[`` [`[`b`bB[ ~p[e`5[ b`[b` b[`[``bb[[ ``[`bC[ `b[yh |[`[bb3[ `[`F[ [g[`g eebgebb`b([ [e`%[ `pb[q~[oxh `e\[oub$[ b[`b`[b ``b([ `g`[bg`ege [eb`b&[ UQn]Y i(644 ;HHU[Z l:955 IFBIA5CQ[Z oy|P>P<5E> E/9iS9( Y[[PE2 2N1X2 88585 8582825585 :52::5:85: 8258:8: 5225:588:2 8255225252 52CK25225 52QSCSQ258 52282` o2QQ`W]c 2e2WQ]Q|e SykSye2S WoW]kSco kScoKHW eQy82` k]2QHSQSQ2 S2QSQC258 5252C|k552 Q?2252Q? 5852KC2528 825:85:<8: 85:588:5:2 <855228:5: ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 %p,(p p(,(p g$44H 4$Hg$K ((,## (p(p( BOJ;; %,,&,%%& #%%(,, &(,(,( &((,& ]N p [;9$f# [g -f[ =RNN=] I"%OB ,#Op5 /=]]/=I//I //I/==8 N/IRI/I//I //I//I//I/ eR//Ip5 NN -N - [,BeR.R. R].RRI pf;$d "Jfp5 PPIQy PHIQR c;o1( PI8 W IF A%keB%e AA eyeB eyA?Ay 88FFIFIFIF ekA3AZR$ 8686868688 PX[rr 6r6r6r6r6r bIrr6r IFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF j@7AC_ 3@*@7B *A3_p Eu86 @@W*@ @* A*@** PF88H %'4XI k'hQP srIHH t^8I cM11!1! 1!1!11, 1!1!1!1!1. 1--11 ,-,-1, -,-1, -1,1- -1,11 -11-1-- --1--1- 11-11--1- 1-1--1-- 1--10- --11- -0-1-- 1--11 --1--11 --1-- -11-- -11-1-11 -11-11 1--1-1-1-1 1--1-- -11-- --1-- -11.1- 1-1-1 --1-- 11--1- 11--1--11- 1-1-- 21-1- .1-12 1--1-- 1--1- 1--1-1 -1--1-1y 1--1- -1y11 -21122 --1-- --1-- _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ ,febebe8 Nicaragua Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights NICARAGU x8dot3 Spanish (Latin American) language K>K> THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Geography Location: Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 129,494 sq km land area: 120,254 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than New York State Land boundaries: total 1,231 km, Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km Coastline: 910 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 25-nm security zone continental shelf: natural prolongation territorial sea: 200 nm International disputes: territorial disputes with Colombia over the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank; with respect to the maritime boundary question in the Golfo de Fonseca, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) referred the disputants to an earlier agreement in this century and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required Climate: tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands Terrain: extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes Natural resources: gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish Land use: arable land: 9% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 43% forest and woodland: 35% other: 12% Irrigated land: 850 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution natural hazards: destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and occasionally severe hurricanes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Geography international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua People Population: 4,206,353 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 921,356; male 930,594) 15-64 years: 53% (female 1,146,485; male 1,097,811) 65 years and over: 3% (female 62,607; male 47,500) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.61% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 33.73 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.45 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -1.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 50.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 64.54 years male: 61.67 years female: 67.53 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.17 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Nicaraguan(s) adjective: Nicaraguan Ethnic divisions: mestizo (mixed Amerindian and Caucasian) 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Indian 5% Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant 5% Languages: Spanish (official) note: English- and Indian-speaking minorities on Atlantic coast Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1971) total population: 57% male: 57% female: 57% Labor force: 1.086 million by occupation: services 43%, agriculture 44%, industry 13% (1986) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Nicaragua conventional short form: Nicaragua local long form: Republica de Nicaragua local short form: Nicaragua Digraph: NU Type: republic Capital: Managua Administrative divisions: 16 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas, Zelaya Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Constitution: 9 January 1987 Legal system: civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts Suffrage: 16 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Violeta Barrios de CHAMORRO (since 25 April 1990); Vice President Virgilio GODOY Reyes (since 25 April 1990); election last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held November 1996); results - Violeta Barrios de CHAMORRO (UNO) 54.7%, Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 40.8%, other 4.5% cabinet: Cabinet Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional): elections last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held November 1996); results - UNO 53.9%, FSLN 40.8%, PSC 1.6%, MUR 1.0%; seats - (92 total) UNO 41, FSLN 39, "Centrist" (Dissident UNO) 12 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema) Political parties and leaders: far right: Liberal Constitutionalist Party* (PLC), Arnold ALEMAN; Conservative Popular Alliance Party (APC), Myriam ARGUELLO; Central American Unionist Party (PUCA), Blanca ROJAS Echaverry; Independent Liberal Party for National Unity (PLUIN), Alfonso MOCADO Guillen; Conservative Party of Nicaragua (PCN - formed in 1992 by the merger of the Conservative Social Party (PSC) with the Democratic Conservative Party (PCD) and PCL, the Conservative party of Labor), Fernando AGUERO; National Justice Party (PJN), Jorge DIAZ Cruz; National Conservative Party* (PNC), Adolfo CALERO center right: Neoliberal Party* (PALI), Adolfo GARCIA Esquivel; National Action Party* (PAN), Delvis MONTIEL; Independent Liberal Party* (PLI), Wilfredo NAVARRO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Government center left: Christian Democratic Union (UDC), Luis Humberto GUZMAN; Nicaraguan Democratic Movement (MDN), Roberto URROZ; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Adolfo JARQUIN; Movement of Revolutionary Unity (MUR), Pablo HERNANDEZ; Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS), Sergio RAMIREZ; Democratic Action Movement (MAD), Eden PASTORA; Communist Party of Nicaragua* (PCdeN), Eli ALTIMIRANO Perez far left: Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), Daniel ORTEGA; Revolutionary Workers' Party (PRT), Bonifacio MIRANDA; Popular Action Movement-Marxist-Leninist (MAP-ML), Isidro TELLEZ; Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN), Gustavo TABLADA; Unidad Nicaraguense de Obreros, Campesinos, y Profesionales (UNOCP), Rosalio GONZALEZ Urbina note: parties marked with an asterisk belong to the National Opposition Union (UNO), an alliance of moderate parties, which, however, does not always follow a unified political agenda Other political or pressure groups: National Workers Front (FNT) is a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions: Sandinista Workers' Central (CST); Farm Workers Association (ATC); Health Workers Federation (FETASALUD); National Union of Employees (UNE); National Association of Educators of Nicaragua (ANDEN); Union of Journalists of Nicaragua (UPN); Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations (CONAPRO); and the National Union of Farmers and Ranchers (UNAG); Permanent Congress of Workers (CPT) is an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions: Confederation of Labor Unification (CUS); Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers' Central (CTN-A); Independent General Confederation of Labor (CGT-I); and Labor Action and Unity Central (CAUS); Nicaraguan Workers' Central (CTN) is an independent labor union; Superior Council of Private Enterprise (COSEP) is a confederation of business groups Member of: BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Roberto Genaro MAYORGA Cortes chancery: 1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6570 consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador John F. MAISTO embassy: Kilometer 4.5 Carretera Sur., Managua mailing address: APO AA 34021 telephone: [505] (2) 666010, 666013, 666015 through 18, 666026, 666027, 666032 through 34 FAX: [505] (2) 666046 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Government Flag: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Economy Overview: Since March 1991, when President CHAMORRO began an ambitious economic stabilization program, Nicaragua has had considerable success in reducing inflation and obtaining substantial economic aid from abroad. Annual inflation fell from more than 750% in 1991 to less than 5% in 1992. Inflation rose again to an estimated 20% in 1993, although this increase was due almost entirely to a large currency devaluation in January. As of early 1994, the government was close to finalizing an enhanced structural adjustment facility with the IMF, after the previous standby facility expired in early 1993. Despite these successes, achieving overall economic growth in an economy scarred by misguided economic values and civil war during the 1980s has proved elusive. Economic growth was flat in 1992 and slightly negative in 1993. Nicaragua's per capita foreign debt is one of the highest in the world; nonetheless, as of late 1993, Nicaragua was current on its post-1988 debt as well as on payments to the international financial institutions. Definition of property rights remains a problem; ownership disputes over large tracts of land, businesses, and homes confiscated by the previous government have yet to be resolved. A rise in exports of coffee and other products led growth in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,570 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 19.5% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 21.8%; underemployment 50% (1993) Budget: revenues: $375 million (1992) expenditures: $410 million (1992), including capital expenditures of $115 million (1991 est.) Exports: $329 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: meat, coffee, cotton, sugar, seafood, gold, bananas partners: US, Central America, Canada, Germany Imports: $786 million (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: consumer goods, machinery and equipment, petroleum products partners: Central America, US, Venezuela, Japan External debt: $11 billion (1993) Industrial production: growth rate -0.8% (1993 est.); accounts for 26% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 460,000 kW production: 1.6 billion kWh consumption per capita: 376 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Economy Industries: food processing, chemicals, metal products, textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear Agriculture: crops account for about 15% of GDP; export crops - coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton; food crops - rice, corn, cassava, citrus fruit, beans; also produces a variety of animal products - beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products; normally self-sufficient in food Illicit drugs: transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-92), $620 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.381 billion Currency: 1 gold cordoba (C$) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: gold cordobas (C$) per US$1 - 7.08 (December 1994), 6.72 (1994), 5.62 (1993), 5.00 (1992); note - gold cordoba replaced cordoba as Nicaragua's currency in 1991 (exchange rate of old cordoba had reached per US$1 - 25,000,000 by March 1992) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Transportation Railroads: total: 376 km; note - majority of system is nonoperational standard gauge: 3 km 1.435-m gauge line at Puerto Cabezas; note - does not connect with mainline narrow gauge: 373 km 1.067-m gauge Highways: total: 15,286 km paved: 1,598 km unpaved: 13,688 km note: there is a 368.5 km portion of the Pan-American Highway which is not in the total Inland waterways: 2,220 km, including 2 large lakes Pipelines: crude oil 56 km Ports: Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Sandino, Rama, San Juan del Sur Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 198 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 149 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 39 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Communications Telephone system: 60,000 telephones; low-capacity radio relay and wire system being expanded; connection into Central American Microwave System local: NA intercity: wire and radio relay international: 1 Intersputnik and 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 45, FM 0, shortwave 3 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 7 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nicaragua Defense Forces Branches: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force note: total strength of all branches - 14,500 Manpower availability: males age 15-49 982,345; males fit for military service 604,721; males reach military age (18) annually 47,064 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $32 million, 1.7% of GDP (1994), 8.1% of government budget NICARAGUA - Passport and onward/return ticket required. Check further information with Embassy of Nicaragua, 1627 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/939-6531 to 34). Nicaragua - Consular Information Sheet October 31, 1994 Country Description: Nicaragua has a developing economy. Its tourist industry is not highly developed. Entry Requirements: U. S. citizens need a passport, an onward/return ticket, and sufficient funds ($200 minimum) to enter Nicaragua. Passports must be valid six months beyond duration of stay. For further information, travelers can contact the Embassy of Nicaragua at 1627 New Hampshire Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, tel. (202) 939-6570 or (202) 939-6531. Areas of Instability: Occasional flare-ups of armed violence continue throughout Nicaragua and to a greater extent in the northern parts of the country. Incidents involving armed bandits operating in the country have increased. Travel by road between Nicaragua and Honduras, even on main roads, is potentially dangerous. Because of land mines in certain rural areas, it can be hazardous to venture off main roads. Travelers have experienced harassment at border crossings, especially when crossing the Gulf of Fonseca by ferry between Potosi, Nicaragua, and La Union, El Salvador. Road travel after dark is hazardous in all areas of the country. Many vehicles operate without lights or are abandoned on main highways. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. For additional health information, the traveler can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Crime is on the increase in Nicaragua. Many thefts occur on crowded buses. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad." This publication, as well as others, such as "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America," are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Most hotels and restaurants do not accept either credit cards or travelers checks, but travelers checks may be exchanged for local currency at authorized exchange facilities (casas de cambio). U.S. dollars are not always available. The three largest hotels in Managua exchange currency and accept payment by certain credit cards or travelers checks. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Nicaragua for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In August 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Nicaragua as not providing oversight in compliance with international aviation safety standards for Nicaraguan air carrier operations. As a result, Nicaraguan carriers arrange to have their flights conducted by a carrier from a country meeting internationl safety standards in order to provide commercial passenger service to the United States. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy during their visit may obtain current information on travel and security within Nicaragua. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Nicaragua is located at Kilometer 4 1/2 Carretera Sur in Managua; telephone (505-2) 66-6010. No. 94-258 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 2, 1994 , to amend the information on aviation oversight. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; UJ5i5J JUJ5i JUJ5i5J JUJ5i5J UJ5i5J JUJ5i JUJ5i5J JUJ5i5J UJ5i5J JUJ5i JUJ5i5J JUJ5i5J UJ5i5J JUJ5i JUJ5i5J JUJ5i5J UJ5i5J JUJ5i JUJ5i5 brbrbrb :00=T=T= T`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`O` O`O`O`O`OT 11-1- --11- 1-1-11-- --1-11 --1-1 Nigeria Map Button Image D2D2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Benin and Cameroon Map references: Africa Area: total area: 923,770 sq km land area: 910,770 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of California Land boundaries: total 4,047 km, Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km Coastline: 853 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 30 nm International disputes: demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Cameroon over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the International Court of Justice Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north Terrain: southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north Natural resources: petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, natural gas Land use: arable land: 31% permanent crops: 3% meadows and pastures: 23% forest and woodland: 15% other: 28% Irrigated land: 8,650 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: soil degradation; rapid deforestation; desertification; recent droughts in north severely affecting marginal agricultural activities natural hazards: periodic droughts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria People Population: 101,232,251 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 45% (female 22,643,026; male 22,850,322) 15-64 years: 52% (female 25,842,286; male 26,978,906) 65 years and over: 3% (female 1,438,392; male 1,479,319) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.16% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.26 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 72.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 55.98 years male: 54.69 years female: 57.3 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.31 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Nigerian(s) adjective: Nigerian Ethnic divisions: north: Hausa and Fulani southwest: Yoruba southeast: Ibos non-Africans 27,000 note: Hausa and Fulani, Yoruba, and Ibos together make up 65% of population Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10% Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 51% male: 62% female: 40% Labor force: 42.844 million by occupation: agriculture 54%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 15% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria Government Names: conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria conventional short form: Nigeria Digraph: NI Type: military government since 31 December 1983; plans to institute a constitutional conference to prepare for a new transition to civilian rule after plans for a transition in 1993 were negated by General BABANGIDA Capital: Abuja note: on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially moved from Lagos to Abuja; many government offices remain in Lagos pending completion of facilities in Abuja Administrative divisions: 30 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Abuja Capital Territory*, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Enugu, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe Independence: 1 October 1960 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October (1960) Constitution: 1979 constitution still in force; plan for 1989 constitution to take effect in 1993 was not implemented Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and tribal law Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council and Commander in Chief of Armed Forces and Defense Minister Gen. Sani ABACHA (since 17 November 1993); Vice-Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council Oladipo DIYA (since 17 November 1993) cabinet: Federal Executive Council Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly Senate: suspended after coup of 17 November 1993 House of Representatives: suspended after coup of 17 November 1993 Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Federal Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: note: two political party system suspended after the coup of 17 November 1993 Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria Government Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Zubair Mahmud KAZAURE chancery: 1333 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Walter C. CARRINGTON embassy: 2 Eleke Crescent, Lagos mailing address: P. O. Box 554, Lagos telephone: [234] (1) 261-0097 FAX: [234] (1) 261-0257 branch office: Abuja consulate(s) general: Kaduna Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria Economy Overview: The oil-rich Nigerian economy continues to be hobbled by political instability and poor macroeconomic management. Nigeria's unpopular military rulers show no sign of wanting to restore democratic civilian rule in the near future and appear divided on how to redress fundamental economic imbalances that cause troublesome inflation and the steady depreciation of the naira. The government's domestic and international arrears continue to limit economic growth - even in the oil sector - and prevent an agreement with the IMF and bilateral creditors on debt relief. The inefficient (largely subsistence) agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $122.6 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -0.8% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,250 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 53% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 28% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $9 billion expenditures: $10.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.) Exports: $11.9 billion (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: oil 95%, cocoa, rubber partners: US 54%, EC 23% Imports: $8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1992) commodities: machinery and equipment, manufactured goods, food and animals partners: EC 64%, US 10%, Japan 7% External debt: $29.5 billion (1992) Industrial production: growth rate 7.7% (1991); accounts for 43% of GDP, including petroleum Electricity: capacity: 4,570,000 kW production: 11.3 billion kWh consumption per capita: 109 kWh (1993) Industries: crude oil and mining - coal, tin, columbite; primary processing industries - palm oil, peanut, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins; manufacturing industries - textiles, cement, building materials, food products, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics, steel THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria Economy Agriculture: accounts for 35% of GDP and half of labor force; cash crops - cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, rubber; food crops - corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; fishing and forestry resources extensively exploited Illicit drugs: passenger and cargo air hub for West Africa; facilitates movement of heroin en route from Southeast and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America; increasingly a transit route for cocaine from South America intended for West European, East Asian, and North American markets Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $705 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.2 billion Currency: 1 naira (N) = 100 kobo Exchange rates: naira (N) per US$1 - 21.996 (January 1995), 21.996 (1994), 22.065 (1993), 17.298 (1992), 9.909 (1991), 8.038 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria Transportation Railroads: total: 3,567 km narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge standard gauge: 62 km 1.435-m gauge Highways: total: 107,990 km paved: mostly bituminous-surface treatment 30,019 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 25,411 km; unimproved earth 52,560 km Inland waterways: 8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks Pipelines: crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural gas 500 km Ports: Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri Merchant marine: total: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 404,064 GRT/661,850 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 14, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 Airports: total: 80 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 6 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7 with paved runways under 914 m: 25 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 21 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; above-average system limited by poor maintenance; major expansion in progress local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and 20 domestic satellite earth stations carry intercity traffic international: 3 INTELSAT earth stations (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 coaxial submarine cable carry international traffic Radio: broadcast stations: AM 35, FM 17, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 28 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Nigeria Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 23,167,009; males fit for military service 13,246,223; males reach military age (18) annually 1,024,059 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $172 million, about 1% of GDP (1992) jNIGERIA - Passport and visa required. Visa, no charge, valid for one entry within 12 months, requires 1 photo, yellow fever vaccination, proof of onward/return transportation, and for tourism a letter of invitation is required. Business visa requires letter from counterpart in Nigeria and letter of introduction from U.S. company. For further information contact Embassy of the Republic of Nigeria, 2201 M St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 (202/822-1500 or 1522) or the Consulate General in New York (212/715-7200). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Nigeria ============================================================ Nigeria - Travel Warning June 5, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens of the dangers of travel to Nigeria. Violent crime, practiced by persons in police and military uniforms, as well as by ordinary criminals, is an acute problem. Harassment and shake-downs of foreigners and Nigerians alike by uniformed personnel and others occur frequently throughout the country. Business, charity and other scams target foreigners worldwide and pose dangers of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of State or the U.S. Department of Commerce before providing any information, making any financial commitments or traveling to Nigeria. Under no circumstances should American citizens travel to Nigeria without a valid visa. Invitation to enter Nigeria without a visa is normally indicative of illegal activity. No. 95-018 Nigeria - Consular Information Sheet June 16, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens of the dangers of travel to Nigeria. Violent crime, practiced by persons in police and military uniforms, as well as by ordinary criminals, is an acute problem. Harassment and shake-downs of foreigners and Nigerians alike by uniformed personnel and others occur frequently throughout the country. Business, charity and other scams target foreigners worldwide and pose dangers of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of State or the U.S. Department of Commerce before providing any information, making any financial commitments or traveling to Nigeria. Under no circumstances should American citizens travel to Nigeria without a valid visa. Invitation to enter Nigeria without a visa is normally indicative of illegal activity. Country Description: Nigeria, with limited facilities for tourism, poses considerable risks for travelers. Violent crime is acute (see paragraph on Crime and Criminal Violence). Business scams that target foreigners are a pervasive problem, and persons contemplating business deals are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of Commerce or the U.S. Embassy in Lagos before traveling to Nigeria or making financial commitments (see paragraph on Commercial Fraud). Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Evidence of yellow fever and cholera vaccinations is also required. Airport visas are not available. Promises of entry into Nigeria without a visa are credible indicators of a fraudulent commercial scheme in which the perpetrators seek to exploit the foreign traveler's illegal presence in Nigeria with threats of extortion or bodily harm. Furthermore, U.S. citizens cannot legally depart Nigeria unless they can prove, by presenting their entry visas, that they entered Nigeria legally. Payment of 35 U.S. dollars airport tax is required upon departure. Current information on entry requirements may be obtained at the Embassy of the Republic of Nigeria, 2201 M Street, N.W., in Washington, D.C. 20037, telephone (202) 822-1500, or at the Nigerian Consulate General in New York. Information on Crime and Criminal Violence: Violent crime affecting foreigners is an extremely serious problem, especially in Lagos and the southern half of the country. Visitors, as well as resident Americans, report widespread armed muggings, assault, burglary, carjackings and extortion, often involving violence. Carjackings, roadblock robberies and armed break-ins occur often, with victims sometimes shot by assailants for no apparent reason. Reports of armed robberies in broad daylight on rural roads in the northern half of the country appear to be increasing. Law enforcement authorities usually respond to crimes slowly, if at all, and provide little or no investigative support to victims. Pickpockets and confidence artists, some posing as local immigration and other government officials, are especially common at Murtala Muhammad Airport. In addition to harassment and shake-downs of American citizens by officials at airports and throughout Nigeria, there have been isolated but troubling reports of violent attacks by purported government officials on Americans and other foreigners. The Nigerian government has not responded meaningfully to complaints by the American Embassy in Lagos and the U.S. State Department in Washington, D.C. concerning these abuses and attacks, nor is there any indication that the officers involved have been disciplined. Upon arrival in Nigeria, U.S. citizens are urged to register at the U.S. Embassy in Lagos where they may obtain current information and advice on minimizing risks. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Commercial Fraud: A major and continuing problem is the commercial scam or sting that targets foreigners, including many U.S. citizens. Such scams could involve U.S. citizens in illegal activity, resulting in extortion or bodily harm. The scams generally involve phony offers of either outright money transfers or lucrative sales or contracts with promises of large commissions or up-front payments. Alleged deals frequently invoke the authority of one or more ministries or offices of the Nigerian government and may even cite by name the support of a Nigerian government official. The apparent use in some scams of actual government stationery, seals, and offices is grounds for concern that some individual Nigerian officials may be involved in these activities. The ability of U.S. Embassy officers to extricate Americans from unlawful business deals is extremely limited. Nigerian police do not always inform the U.S. Embassy of an American citizen in distress. The Department of Commerce has issued advisories to the U.S. business community on doing business in Nigeria. Both the Department of Commerce and the U.S. Embassy in Lagos can provide business travelers with further details. The Department of State has issued a brochure for business travelers to Nigeria; single copies are available at no charge from the Office of American Citizens Services and Crisis Management, Room 4811, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520-4818. Please enclose a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Airport Safety: Due to a lack of effective security measures, the U.S. Secretary of Transportation has ordered that direct air services between the U.S. and the Murtala Muhammad Airport in Lagos be suspended. U.S. travelers may wish to check with their travel agents or the airlines for alternate routing. The U.S. Embassy is concerned by reports that maintenance and operational procedures for Nigerian airlines may not be adequate to ensure passenger safety. Periodic strikes may also affect flight scheduling and raise additional concerns about the reliability and safety of Nigerian aviation. The section "Information on Crime and Criminal Violence" provides information concerning crime at airports. Areas of Instability: Nigeria has experienced civil unrest, violence and strikes. The causes and locations vary. Locations where outbreaks of violence have occurred include the Lagos area, southwestern Nigeria and parts of Delta, Rivers, Plateau and Kaduna states. There has been an increase in the number of unauthorized automobile checkpoints. These checkpoints are operated by bands of police, soldiers, or bandits posing as or operating with police or soldiers, whose personnel should be considered armed and dangerous. Many incidents, including murder, illustrate the increasing risks of road travel in Nigeria. Reports of threats against firms and foreign workers in the petroleum sector recur from time to time. Chadian troop incursions have reportedly occurred at the border area in the far northeast, near Lake Chad. Despite labor unrest in various parts of the country and occasional flare-ups in local markets, U.S. citizens have not been specifically targetted in such disturbances. However, they and their vehicles could inadvertently become caught up in a demonstration or riot. Heightened tensions resulting from the delayed process of transition from military rule to an elected government could result in further unrest and disturbances. Early June (prior to and during the week of the June 12 anniversary of the 1993 annulled presidential election) is a time to be especially mindful of security concerns, to exercise particular caution and to avoid public gatherings. Medical Facilities: A variety of diseases pose a serious health threat. The public is not always informed in a timely manner about outbreaks of typhoid, cholera and yellow fever. Hepatitis and malaria, including potentially fatal cerebral malaria, are endemic. Medical facilities are limited; not all medicines are available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Photography Restrictions: Permission is required to take photographs of government buildings, airports, bridges or official-looking buildings. Permission may be obtained from Nigerian security personnel. Currency Regulations: Credit cards are rarely accepted in Nigeria and, because of the prevalence of credit card fraud in Nigeria, as well as credit card fraud by Nigerians in the U.S., their use is generally ill-advised. It is often necessary to bring travelers checks or currency in a sufficient amount to cover the period of a planned visit. Interbank transfers are often difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish. The government of Nigeria has fixed an artificially high rate for the local currency, the naira (in terms of its value in exchange for foreign currencies). Persons seeking to trade at lower rates on the "black market" could be arrested or shaken down. U.S. visitors are strongly urged to exchange dollars for local currency only at the official rate and at approved exchange facilities, usually including the major hotels. For further information, visitors may wish to contact the U.S. Embassy. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Those arrested routinely face prolonged detention before trial, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Lagos may obtain updated information on travel and security in Nigeria. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 2 Eleke Crescent, Victoria Island in Lagos. The telephone number is (234) (1) 261-0050. No. 95-071 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 20, 1994, to include the Travel Warning issued June 5, 1995, and to add information in the paragraphs on Airport Safety and Areas of Instability. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Nigeria ============================================================ Nigeria - Public Announcement June 9, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The U.S. Embassy in Lagos issued an announcement on June 9 advising American citizens in Nigeria to exercise particular caution and avoid public gatherings during the weekend before and the week of the June 12 anniversary of the 1993 annulled presidential election. The U.S. Embassy has no information suggesting a likelihood of civil disturbances, but feels Americans should be especially mindful of security concerns during this period. For further information on travel to Nigeria you may consult the Department's Travel Warning and Consular Information Sheet. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Nigeria ============================================================ Nigeria - Travel Warning June 5, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens of the dangers of travel to Nigeria. Violent crime, practiced by persons in police and military uniforms, as well as by ordinary criminals, is an acute problem. Harassment and shake-downs of foreigners and Nigerians alike by uniformed personnel and others occur frequently throughout the country. Business, charity and other scams target foreigners worldwide and pose dangers of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of State or the U.S. Department of Commerce before providing any information, making any financial commitments or traveling to Nigeria. Under no circumstances should American citizens travel to Nigeria without a valid visa. Invitation to enter Nigeria without a visa is normally indicative of illegal activity. No. 95-018 Nigeria - Consular Information Sheet June 16, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens of the dangers of travel to Nigeria. Violent crime, practiced by persons in police and military uniforms, as well as by ordinary criminals, is an acute problem. Harassment and shake-downs of foreigners and Nigerians alike by uniformed personnel and others occur frequently throughout the country. Business, charity and other scams target foreigners worldwide and pose dangers of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of State or the U.S. Department of Commerce before providing any information, making any financial commitments or traveling to Nigeria. Under no circumstances should American citizens travel to Nigeria without a valid visa. Invitation to enter Nigeria without a visa is normally indicative of illegal activity. Country Description: Nigeria, with limited facilities for tourism, poses considerable risks for travelers. Violent crime is acute (see paragraph on Crime and Criminal Violence). Business scams that target foreigners are a pervasive problem, and persons contemplating business deals are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of Commerce or the U.S. Embassy in Lagos before traveling to Nigeria or making financial commitments (see paragraph on Commercial Fraud). Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Evidence of yellow fever and cholera vaccinations is also required. Airport visas are not available. Promises of entry into Nigeria without a visa are credible indicators of a fraudulent commercial scheme in which the perpetrators seek to exploit the foreign traveler's illegal presence in Nigeria with threats of extortion or bodily harm. Furthermore, U.S. citizens cannot legally depart Nigeria unless they can prove, by presenting their entry visas, that they entered Nigeria legally. Payment of 35 U.S. dollars airport tax is required upon departure. Current information on entry requirements may be obtained at the Embassy of the Republic of Nigeria, 2201 M Street, N.W., in Washington, D.C. 20037, telephone (202) 822-1500, or at the Nigerian Consulate General in New York. Information on Crime and Criminal Violence: Violent crime affecting foreigners is an extremely serious problem, especially in Lagos and the southern half of the country. Visitors, as well as resident Americans, report widespread armed muggings, assault, burglary, carjackings and extortion, often involving violence. Carjackings, roadblock robberies and armed break-ins occur often, with victims sometimes shot by assailants for no apparent reason. Reports of armed robberies in broad daylight on rural roads in the northern half of the country appear to be increasing. Law enforcement authorities usually respond to crimes slowly, if at all, and provide little or no investigative support to victims. Pickpockets and confidence artists, some posing as local immigration and other government officials, are especially common at Murtala Muhammad Airport. In addition to harassment and shake-downs of American citizens by officials at airports and throughout Nigeria, there have been isolated but troubling reports of violent attacks by purported government officials on Americans and other foreigners. The Nigerian government has not responded meaningfully to complaints by the American Embassy in Lagos and the U.S. State Department in Washington, D.C. concerning these abuses and attacks, nor is there any indication that the officers involved have been disciplined. Upon arrival in Nigeria, U.S. citizens are urged to register at the U.S. Embassy in Lagos where they may obtain current information and advice on minimizing risks. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Commercial Fraud: A major and continuing problem is the commercial scam or sting that targets foreigners, including many U.S. citizens. Such scams could involve U.S. citizens in illegal activity, resulting in extortion or bodily harm. The scams generally involve phony offers of either outright money transfers or lucrative sales or contracts with promises of large commissions or up-front payments. Alleged deals frequently invoke the authority of one or more ministries or offices of the Nigerian government and may even cite by name the support of a Nigerian government official. The apparent use in some scams of actual government stationery, seals, and offices is grounds for concern that some individual Nigerian officials may be involved in these activities. The ability of U.S. Embassy officers to extricate Americans from unlawful business deals is extremely limited. Nigerian police do not always inform the U.S. Embassy of an American citizen in distress. The Department of Commerce has issued advisories to the U.S. business community on doing business in Nigeria. Both the Department of Commerce and the U.S. Embassy in Lagos can provide business travelers with further details. The Department of State has issued a brochure for business travelers to Nigeria; single copies are available at no charge from the Office of American Citizens Services and Crisis Management, Room 4811, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520-4818. Please enclose a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Airport Safety: Due to a lack of effective security measures, the U.S. Secretary of Transportation has ordered that direct air services between the U.S. and the Murtala Muhammad Airport in Lagos be suspended. U.S. travelers may wish to check with their travel agents or the airlines for alternate routing. The U.S. Embassy is concerned by reports that maintenance and operational procedures for Nigerian airlines may not be adequate to ensure passenger safety. Periodic strikes may also affect flight scheduling and raise additional concerns about the reliability and safety of Nigerian aviation. The section "Information on Crime and Criminal Violence" provides information concerning crime at airports. Areas of Instability: Nigeria has experienced civil unrest, violence and strikes. The causes and locations vary. Locations where outbreaks of violence have occurred include the Lagos area, southwestern Nigeria and parts of Delta, Rivers, Plateau and Kaduna states. There has been an increase in the number of unauthorized automobile checkpoints. These checkpoints are operated by bands of police, soldiers, or bandits posing as or operating with police or soldiers, whose personnel should be considered armed and dangerous. Many incidents, including murder, illustrate the increasing risks of road travel in Nigeria. Reports of threats against firms and foreign workers in the petroleum sector recur from time to time. Chadian troop incursions have reportedly occurred at the border area in the far northeast, near Lake Chad. Despite labor unrest in various parts of the country and occasional flare-ups in local markets, U.S. citizens have not been specifically targetted in such disturbances. However, they and their vehicles could inadvertently become caught up in a demonstration or riot. Heightened tensions resulting from the delayed process of transition from military rule to an elected government could result in further unrest and disturbances. Early June (prior to and during the week of the June 12 anniversary of the 1993 annulled presidential election) is a time to be especially mindful of security concerns, to exercise particular caution and to avoid public gatherings. Medical Facilities: A variety of diseases pose a serious health threat. The public is not always informed in a timely manner about outbreaks of typhoid, cholera and yellow fever. Hepatitis and malaria, including potentially fatal cerebral malaria, are endemic. Medical facilities are limited; not all medicines are available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Photography Restrictions: Permission is required to take photographs of government buildings, airports, bridges or official-looking buildings. Permission may be obtained from Nigerian security personnel. Currency Regulations: Credit cards are rarely accepted in Nigeria and, because of the prevalence of credit card fraud in Nigeria, as well as credit card fraud by Nigerians in the U.S., their use is generally ill-advised. It is often necessary to bring travelers checks or currency in a sufficient amount to cover the period of a planned visit. Interbank transfers are often difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish. The government of Nigeria has fixed an artificially high rate for the local currency, the naira (in terms of its value in exchange for foreign currencies). Persons seeking to trade at lower rates on the "black market" could be arrested or shaken down. U.S. visitors are strongly urged to exchange dollars for local currency only at the official rate and at approved exchange facilities, usually including the major hotels. For further information, visitors may wish to contact the U.S. Embassy. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Those arrested routinely face prolonged detention before trial, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Lagos may obtain updated information on travel and security in Nigeria. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 2 Eleke Crescent, Victoria Island in Lagos. The telephone number is (234) (1) 261-0050. No. 95-071 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 20, 1994, to include the Travel Warning issued June 5, 1995, and to add information in the paragraphs on Airport Safety and Areas of Instability. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights NIGERIA language rSIS7 0S_??7 MMUh( 40_'S_?I?0 w(th8 gIISI7 !'S_S\__ lCCHZ ZqZdq`ZPC lZClKC`lZK KZPPKEC Maww( S!I?!0 J.18" !I?SgI '?II??7 PmZmZ S_7!! lZCdPCZ`KK ZCPPKOC t8.R8.h 0r_II SI_SS D%##T) B))##) lPPFC ?eeqEC S_?SSg 8JM8((8 g?__rg Wll9C F=~b~bb !0?_'Ig dZ`CZddl B]BiBXB 9}}p] 77?0g' 7g7?g7 Y6n<|YYwV8 S_S__7! 0IIr_ '!''!' 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Niue Header Affiliation: (free association with New Zealand) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Niue Geography Location: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 260 sq km land area: 260 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 64 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; modified by southeast trade winds Terrain: steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau Natural resources: fish, arable land Land use: arable land: 61% permanent crops: 4% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 19% other: 12% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: traditional methods of burning brush and trees to clear land for agriculture have threatened soil supplies which naturally are not very abundant natural hazards: typhoons international agreements: signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea Note: one of world's largest coral islands THE WORLD FACTBOOK Niue People Population: 1,837 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: -3.66% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA Death rate: NA Net migration rate: NA Infant mortality rate: NA Life expectancy at birth: NA Total fertility rate: NA Nationality: noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean Ethnic divisions: Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) Religions: Ekalesia Nieue (Niuean Church) 75% - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society, Morman 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) Languages: Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English Labor force: 1,000 (1981 est.) by occupation: most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board THE WORLD FACTBOOK Niue Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue Digraph: NE Type: self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs Capital: Alofi Administrative divisions: none Independence: 19 October 1974 (became a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand on 19 October 1974) National holiday: Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840) (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty) Constitution: 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) Legal system: English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by New Zealand Representative Kurt MEYER (since NA) head of government: Premier Frank F. LUI (since 12 March 1993; Acting Premier since December 1992) cabinet: Cabinet; consists of the premier and three other ministers Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly: elections last held 6 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (20 total, 6 elected) Judicial branch: Appeal Court of New Zealand, High Court Political parties and leaders: Niue Peoples Party (NPP), Young VIVIAN Member of: ESCAP (associate), INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO Diplomatic representation in US: none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) US diplomatic representation: none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) Flag: yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross THE WORLD FACTBOOK Niue Economy Overview: The economy is heavily dependent on aid from New Zealand. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, with the shortfall made up by grants from New Zealand - the grants are used to pay wages to public employees. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.4 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $1,200 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5% (1992) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $5.5 million expenditures: $6.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1985 est.) Exports: $117,500 (f.o.b., 1989) commodities: canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaw, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts partners: NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia Imports: $4.1 million (c.i.f., 1989) commodities: food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs partners: NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Western Samoa, Australia, US External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 1,500 kW production: 2.7 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,490 kWh (1992) Industries: tourism, handicrafts, food processing Agriculture: coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes; subsistence crops - taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $62 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Niue Economy Currency: 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Niue Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 229 km unpaved: all-weather 123 km; plantation access 106 km Ports: none; offshore anchorage only Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Niue Communications Telephone system: 383 telephones local: NA intercity: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1,000, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1987 est.) radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Niue Defense Forces Branches: Police Force Note: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand NIUE - Passport, onward/return ticket and confirmed hotel accommodations required. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Norfolk Island Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norfolk Island Header Affiliation: (territory of Australia) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norfolk Island Geography Location: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 34.6 sq km land area: 34.6 sq km comparative area: about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 32 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation Terrain: volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 25% forest and woodland: 0% other: 75% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: typhoons (especially May to July) international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norfolk Island People Population: 2,756 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 1.69% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA Death rate: NA Net migration rate: NA Infant mortality rate: NA Life expectancy at birth: NA Total fertility rate: NA Nationality: noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s) Ethnic divisions: descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander Religions: Anglican 39%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 16.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4.4%, none 9.2%, unknown 16.9%, other 2.4% (1986) Languages: English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norfolk Island Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island Digraph: NF Type: territory of Australia Capital: Kingston (administrative center); Burnt Pine (commercial center) Administrative divisions: none (territory of Australia) Independence: none (territory of Australia) National holiday: Pitcairners Arrival Day Anniversary, 8 June (1856) Constitution: Norfolk Island Act of 1979 Legal system: wide legislative and executive responsibility under the Norfolk Island Act of 1979; Supreme Court Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Administrator Alan Gardner KERR (since NA April 1992), who is appointed by the Governor General of Australia head of government: Assembly President David Ernest BUFFETT (since NA May 1992) cabinet: Executive Council Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly: elections last held 20 May 1992 (next to be held NA May 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (9 total) independents 9 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: NA Member of: none Diplomatic representation in US: none (territory of Australia) US diplomatic representation: none (territory of Australia) Flag: three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norfolk Island Economy Overview: The primary economic activity is tourism, which has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The number of visitors has increased steadily over the years and reached 29,000 in FY88/89. Revenues from tourism have given the island a favorable balance of trade and helped the agricultural sector to become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. National product: GDP $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $4.2 million, including capital expenditures of $400,000 (1989 est.) Exports: $1.7 million (f.o.b., FY85/86) commodities: postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados partners: Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe Imports: $15.6 million (c.i.f., FY85/86) commodities: NA partners: Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 7,000 kW production: 8 million kWh consumption per capita: 3,160 kWh (1990) Industries: tourism Agriculture: Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit, cattle, poultry Economic aid: none Currency: 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norfolk Island Economy Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norfolk Island Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: earth, coral 27 km Ports: none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norfolk Island Communications Telephone system: 987 telephones (1983) local: NA intercity: NA international: radio link service with Sydney Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: 1,000 (1987 est.) Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norfolk Island Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of Australia NORFOLK ISLAND - Passport and visa required. Visa issued upon arrival for visit up to 30 days, extendable, requires confirmed accommodations and onward/return ticket. Australian transit visa must also be obtained in advance for travel to Norfolk Island. For both visas consult Australian Embassy (202/797-3000). Show Map x8dot3 language Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights NORFOLK_ English (Australian) SOSWWSzO jOWSOOSSyO bSSxO M*Q O kOS(3!!b Wb>!( b(3b, >((!(! %Y0Y" lrlpxvEl 7&i7a+ vrvrpp pllplpllp pvvrp trqtlrrlrr oogkoplx pvrrvlppxx pplpprp rvxllrrlrr hloollhlh prvrql +7&7~ rk|skplv p|zllrppl sqllrrlrr +~#H7~+ llppllpllp pplrrprvrr rvprprMl lxrpIl |lpGl plrvpvplrv plrrpvlpvp lxuJl pplplppFl vlrprFl rllvl lrrvr xzz@l prlprp pplrlpvprBl rlrrllrlpp lpplplpp llrrplp prplpl rvlrvrvrpv prvul lplplp llpprlrlprrl rllplpplrp lpllppCl vpvlpvpvrv ll||zrll plprWl lxprr vprvprplpr vrprvprprp vrvrAl vrvlvvl rlpprrl vplpvlpvpp rlvpml hnnRl zjoPl 8855688 8658868865 6865688 8865855 5865866865 5688568568 6886886568 8656865685 8668868865 5866556686 8;L[^ljNl ?;9KOOROKR [=8RRC=? R;CO==?==? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; ,\,['\& Norway Map Button Image < THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway Geography Location: Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden Map references: Europe Area: total area: 324,220 sq km land area: 307,860 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than New Mexico Land boundaries: total 2,515 km, Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 167 km Coastline: 21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413 km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 16,093 km) Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 10 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 4 nm International disputes: territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land); maritime boundary dispute with Russia over portion of Barents Sea Climate: temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior; rainy year-round on west coast Terrain: glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north Natural resources: petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 27% other: 70% Irrigated land: 950 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions natural hazards: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway Geography international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94 Note: about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in world; Norway and Turkey only NATO members having a land boundary with Russia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway People Population: 4,330,951 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 19% (female 390,344; male 444,570) 15-64 years: 65% (female 1,375,493; male 1,424,027) 65 years and over: 16% (female 408,675; male 287,842) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.37% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.86 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 1.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.61 years male: 74.26 years female: 81.15 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.76 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Norwegian(s) adjective: Norwegian Ethnic divisions: Germanic (Nordic, Alpine, Baltic), Lapps (Sami) 20,000 Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 87.8% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3.8%, none 3.2%, unknown 5.2% (1980) Languages: Norwegian (official) note: small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1976 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 2.13 million by occupation: services 71%, industry 23%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 6% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway conventional short form: Norway local long form: Kongeriket Norge local short form: Norge Digraph: NO Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Oslo Administrative divisions: 19 provinces (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold Dependent areas: Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard Independence: 26 October 1905 (from Sweden) National holiday: Constitution Day, 17 May (1814) Constitution: 17 May 1814, modified in 1884 Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (born 20 July 1973) head of government: Prime Minister Gro Harlem BRUNDTLAND (since 3 November 1990) cabinet: State Council; appointed by the king in accordance with the will of the Storting Legislative branch: modified unicameral Parliament (Storting) which, for certain purposes, divides itself into two chambers Storting: elections last held 13 September 1993 (next to be held September 1997); results - Labor 37.1%, Center Party 18.5%, Conservatives 15.6%, Christian People's 8.4%, Socialist Left 7.9%, Progress 6%, Left Party 3.6%, Red Electoral Alliance 1.2%; seats - (165 total) Labor 67, Center Party 32, Consevatives 18, Christian People's 13, Socialist Left 13, Progress 10, Left Party 1, Red Electoral Alliance 1, unawarded 10 note: for certain purposes, the Storting divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Hoyesterett) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway Government Political parties and leaders: Labor Party, Thorbjorn JAGLUND; Conservative Party, Jan PETERSEN; Center Party, Anne ENGER LAHNSTEIN; Christian People's Party, Kjell Magne BONDEVIK; Socialist Left, Kjellbjorg LUNDE; Norwegian Communist, Kare Andre NILSEN; Progress Party, Carl I. HAGEN; Liberal, Odd Einar DORUM; Left Party; Red Electoral Alliance, Erling FOLKVORD Member of: AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Kjeld VIBE chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000 FAX: [1] (202) 337-0870 consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and San Francisco consulate(s): Miami US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas A. LOFTUS embassy: Drammensveien 18, 0244 Oslo mailing address: PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707 telephone: [47] 22 44 85 50 FAX: [47] 22 44 33 63 Flag: red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway Economy Overview: Norway has a mixed economy involving a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises) and extensively subsidizes agriculture, fishing, and areas with sparse resources. Norway also maintains an extensive welfare system that helps propel public sector expenditures to slightly more than 50% of the GDP and results in one of the highest average tax burdens in the world (54%). A small country with a high dependence on international trade, Norway is basically an exporter of raw materials and semiprocessed goods, with an abundance of small- and medium-sized firms, and is ranked among the major shipping nations. The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil sector to keep its economy afloat. Norway imports more than half its food needs. Although one of the government's main priorities is to reduce this dependency, this situation is not likely to improve for years to come. The government also hopes to reduce unemployment and strengthen and diversify the economy through tax reform and a series of expansionary budgets. The budget deficit is expected to hit a record 8% of GDP because of welfare spending and bail-outs of the banking system. Unemployment is currently running at 8.4% - including those in job programs - because of the weakness of the economy outside the oil sector. Economic growth, only 1.6% in 1993, moved up to 5.5% in 1994. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $95.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $22,170 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 8.4% (including people in job-training programs; 1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $50.9 billion expenditures: $55.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $36.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: petroleum and petroleum products 40%, metals and products 10.6%, fish and fish products 6.9%, chemicals 6.4%, natural gas 6.0%, ships 5.4% partners: EC 66.3%, Nordic countries 16.3%, developing countries 8.4%, US 6.0%, Japan 1.8% (1993) Imports: $29.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: machinery and equipment 38.9%, chemicals and other industrial inputs 26.6%, manufactured consumer goods 17.8%, foodstuffs 6.4% partners: EC 48.6%, Nordic countries 25.1%, developing countries 9.6%, US 8.1%, Japan 8.0% (1993) External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate 4.6% (1994); accounts for 14% of GDP THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway Economy Electricity: capacity: 27,280,000 kW production: 118 billion kWh consumption per capita: 23,735 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing Agriculture: accounts for 3% of GDP and about 6% of labor force; among world's top 10 fishing nations; livestock output exceeds value of crops; fish catch of 1.76 million metric tons in 1989 Illicit drugs: transshipment point for drugs shipped via the CIS and Baltic states for the European market Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion Currency: 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.7014 (January 1995), 7.0469 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway Transportation Railroads: total: 4,026 km standard gauge: 4,026 km 1.435-m gauge (2,422 km electrified; 96 km double track) (1994) Highways: total: 88,922 km paved: 61,356 km (75 km of expressway) unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, earth 27,566 km (1990) Inland waterways: 1,577 km along west coast; 2.4 m draft vessels maximum Pipelines: refined products 53 km Ports: Bergen, Drammen, Flora, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim Merchant marine: total: 764 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,793,968 GRT/35,409,472 DWT ships by type: bulk 159, cargo 92, chemical tanker 85, combination bulk 8, combination ore/oil 28, container 17, liquefied gas tanker 81, oil tanker 162, passenger 13, passenger-cargo 2, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll-on/roll-off cargo 54, short-sea passenger 21, vehicle carrier 28 note: the government has created a captive register, the Norwegian International Ship Register (NIS), as a subset of the Norwegian register; ships on the NIS enjoy many benefits of flags of convenience and do not have to be crewed by Norwegians Airports: total: 104 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 10 with paved runways under 914 m: 62 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 6 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway Communications Telephone system: 3,102,000 telephones; high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services local: NA intercity: domestic earth stations international: 2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; EUTELSAT, INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean), and MARISAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 46, FM 493 (350 private and 143 government), shortwave 0 radios: 3.3 million Television: broadcast stations: 54 (repeaters 2,100) televisions: 1.5 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Norway Defense Forces Branches: Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy, Royal Norwegian Air Force, Home Guard Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,116,130; males fit for military service 928,774; males reach military age (20) annually 29,123 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.4 billion, 3.2% of GDP (1994) NORWAY - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 3 months. (Period begins when entering Scandinavian area: Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland.) For further information contact Royal Norwegian Embassy, 2720 34th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/333-6000) or nearest Consulate General: CA (415/986-0766 to 7168 and 213/933-7717), MN (612/332-3338), NY (212/421-7333) or TX (713/521-2900). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Norway ============================================================ Norway - Consular Information Sheet April 4, 1995 Country Description: Norway is a highly developed stable democracy with a modern economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A tourist or business visa is not required for stays up to three months (the 90-day period begins when entering the Nordic area: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland). U.S. citizens must have advance authorization from Norwegian authorities for stays longer than 90 days or stays involving study or employment. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Royal Norwegian Embassy at 2720 34th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, Tel (202) 333-6000, or the nearest Norwegian Consulate General in Houston, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical care is widely available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, tel: (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: By U.S. standards, Norway has a relatively low crime rate. Most crimes involve burglary (which has been on the rise) or theft of personal property. Persons who appear affluent may become targets of pickpockets and purse snatchers. Violent crime, additionally, has been rare; weapons are almost never used by thieves or burglars. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens may refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Mandatory jail sentences are also routine for driving while intoxicated. Registration: Americans who register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security in Norway. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Oslo is located near the Royal Palace at Drammensveien 18; Telephone (47) 22-44-85-50. No. 95-045 This replaces the Consular Information sheet dated March 23, 1994, to update information on entry requirements and crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Norwegian Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights NORWAY X[d[{G language A55;] I;\:I #}5AOI F[A+5 cF5;XI X[55;XI j55FdI s55;p }8OA)5 O7BM55; m\z^|ul ;[AFM M55FR;Q5FM 4uuyFFA R5AgF55A m~--> a>a->a>a w>ma* &>blx R55A[ aa>>a a*G9w #:pugF a->aa IM55F O;PX3 ;}@.3 S^mx~x vdF5P AM;5;F5;5R 3v:d: 5Ag5[[ 5qg5F[5gq AA5;5;5;F5 xmhxS g}5[[5[ [}FgM Uc_c__ 'TL:: cTcTB 5M5F;MMA ;[AF5 Lv:L A;F;q R5A5;;A; ;;5[3 :%HH88H ;R55; ;\F5q IM55FITM :3 BBLB3 LccvTB Aq}}yuuy[A vc3T' gyu:# :7^G]G] G]G]G]G R;55Q[5 3'B:B :Gm]^]m ]^]m]mG IR55[ *6W-6W6 6*W6- dR55[ 0/jk"- -k--k 7[55[ eZZeZ ;5F5F5;F}5 F55M;9E55; ;;M55R F55;} A;55F A[595i qq}{n ;A;5F 2R55Fp $+$$+$$+$ +$++$++$ <$+$+$+$ +$++$+$++$ ++$+< K;F5; C5>5> 5>5>5>5 oWWTT RQSRRSRRTT SRTRWxx xu`Yw 2#9Z{k D{O9. 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ReR C I4gdi N _/. 4]/]IgB $I]=]. dN .NI -/]/=/ Rk].k BOJ;; ;KLKLK F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F6F6 F6F6F6F P688I; PI6NrH !IPIPIYQMR 6IIPIPIPI QQrIr 86QF6 PQ60H --1-1-1 --1-- 1-11-1- 1-1-1 1--11 -11-1 11-1- 11--11 11-11-1 -11-11 11--11- 11-11 -11-- Pacific Ocean Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pacific Ocean Geography Location: body of water between Antarctica, Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere Map references: World Area: total area: 165.384 million sq km comparative area: about 18 times the size of the US; the largest ocean (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean); covers about one-third of the global surface; larger than the total land area of the world note: includes Bali Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, Bering Sea, Bering Strait, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Flores Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Gulf of Tonkin, Java Sea, Philippine Sea, Ross Sea, Savu Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, South China Sea, Tasman Sea, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies Coastline: 135,663 km International disputes: some maritime disputes (see littoral states) Climate: the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian land mass back to the ocean Terrain: surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the world's deepest, the 10,924 meter Marianas Trench Natural resources: oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish Environment: current issues: endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea natural hazards: surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the Pacific Ring of Fire; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); southern shipping lanes subject to icebergs from Antarctica; occasional El Nino phenomenon occurs off the coast of Peru when the trade winds slacken and the warm Equatorial Countercurrent moves south, killing the plankton that is the primary food source for anchovies; consequently, the anchovies move to better feeding grounds, causing resident marine birds to starve by the thousands because of their lost food source; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May and in extreme south from May to October; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pacific Ocean Geography international agreements: NA Note: the major choke points are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait, and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pacific Ocean Government Digraph: ZN THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pacific Ocean Economy Overview: The Pacific Ocean is a major contributor to the world economy and particularly to those nations its waters directly touch. It provides low-cost sea transportation between East and West, extensive fishing grounds, offshore oil and gas fields, minerals, and sand and gravel for the construction industry. In 1985 over half (54%) of the world's fish catch came from the Pacific Ocean, which is the only ocean where the fish catch has increased every year since 1978. Exploitation of offshore oil and gas reserves is playing an ever-increasing role in the energy supplies of Australia, NZ, China, US, and Peru. The high cost of recovering offshore oil and gas, combined with the wide swings in world prices for oil since 1985, has slowed but not stopped new drillings. Industries: fishing, oil and gas production THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pacific Ocean Transportation Ports: Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong, Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan (South Korea), San Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China), Singapore, Sydney (Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ), Yokohama (Japan) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pacific Ocean Communications Telephone system: international: several submarine cables with network nodal points on Guam and Hawaii T u Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights PACIFIC_ ,!8!{G J!V!M language cDcGco 91147311Ku 0B;;<,,-?> 411Jp DD!(Q tQ(!Q E*/1JXpl @19?>141N 5>>41?f 4?711U 4>>71S ,*/.6 9>41n ,@?;4 p1;>4 f,@9;4 991;9 n/,;9 41149 ?411>1K >14:1 <911?1^ E7;9991 /;11;1^ 214?1j P`fv=3=1 .<61@1^ 7fvNCw U1n`1fCLRX LjhXNLhTUP .<6;@1^ x1?:1 1EK.1p v1;<1 1?11BL 11JB141ECE 4141BN?EK1 L19144 19;194 9441@@4<1 4411411 1441.- 1411414114 991;1;49? N-|P14 4;C194CB11 @EE;;99?14 46*,60 4;?6-pu/<9 Z.91494,E W|,?;.EXp 44;C1@4@B C@1449114 41Nx11N~1^ ~1j^uE 4@|9U 1Kf14 \G\oo ecteGeQQ f14nN v1XPf~ R^4E|p eoetG 41LfP11TZ? 1E`K11C91E E1E94 91jwE v1@,ua p-?$1 L14<1y ~*@%1 1:1,9y 441144$1 3;161 4?;?49?;94 ?;1991;4 p1>19, P1414,L L09Z1 ?1414-J f.9[1 v09\1 0B?\1 u0<.[1 9;,,.@-Kn? .hpX1 431>-h 4@;;.u p.;T1 377:>. K14S1 41NLCTL N04T1 ctQt\ S19W1 ^09Y1 71T6f oQ((Q E,69]1 31LCd 4;14;9,,<@ 9411494a1 h1;_1 u1?^1 ?49.^ ;?914?;14 4;14;4;19981 ;.U~,w nEn~Evh ;1199 1TXNZK fn@XfCTfLZ N19wn1 Rf1EfE `1PX1441 ?14 1 `-?1_ 449;,,< w,@@0N 4??..0 334491 CE441?4194 9?.,,=E< )^,911 960.@>> - -- UHdUU TIIZTIZTDZ TTZITZTT IDppDc|ZTI ddudd I||TDD ZTDp|DIcDZ |TTDZTITTI DcpIcpITZ !(;(! DTIFD 1@d)Hu DDcDp ZcDZTIIDD| IIDDZ| DpZII3D eoe[mne kkjmj[[k_ mjjkeYY ekmj_Yekns 99@1u) 9u9@u9 TIDZ|7D jhQQYheeQe YQQ\QQ\Qhj pDDII Q\QQ\QQYej @2D2D2D 2D2D2D2 D}_smkj \Ykjmnn TDcIZ Q\Q\QYQjmn HHd9) w?sjkj ejnjjn_ AtT D ]?njkjjQYe G7mkjjk kkjn_ w]B_k kjkkjne +838b+3$z$ QbChC8 G}Bek u)dU9u )u9UH U)U)uH19@ z33C\ $8bC3 3jkmm s7jkm nP~jmkoo kksj_ PP_mB_rsk_ 3Cb3V3$- cE tp $Ps_Benn7$ rmsnr_ ssnmkkns @(( BOJ;; Palau Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights PALAU x8dot3 ' THE WORLD FACTBOOK Palau Geography Location: Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 458 sq km land area: 458 sq km comparative area: slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 1,519 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: wet season May to November; hot and humid Terrain: about 200 islands varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs Natural resources: forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals Land use: arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% other: NA% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging and illegal fishing practices that involve the use of dynamite natural hazards: typhoons (June to December) international agreements: NA Note: includes World War II battleground of Beliliou (Peleliu) and world-famous rock islands; archipelago of six island groups totaling over 200 islands in the Caroline chain THE WORLD FACTBOOK Palau People Population: 16,661 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 1.76% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 22.11 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 25.07 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.01 years male: 69.14 years female: 73.02 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.85 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Palauan(s) adjective: Palauan Ethnic divisions: Palauans are a composite of Polynesian, Malayan, and Melanesian races Religions: Christian (Catholics, Seventh-Day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Assembly of God, the Liebenzell Mission, and Latter-Day Saints), Modekngei religion (one-third of the population observes this religion which is indigenous to Palau) Languages: English (official in all of Palau's 16 states), Sonsorolese (official in the state of Sonsoral), Angaur and Japanese (in the state of Anguar), Tobi (in the state of Tobi), Palauan (in the other 13 states) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980) total population: 92% male: 93% female: 90% Labor force: NA by occupation: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Palau Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Palau conventional short form: Palau former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Digraph: PS Type: self-governing territory in free association with the US pursuant to Compact of Free Association which entered into force 1 October 1994; Palau is fully responsible for internal affairs; US retains responsibility for external affairs Capital: Koror note: a new capital is being built about 20 km northeast in eastern Babelthuap Administrative divisions: there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 16 states: Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngardmau, Ngaremlengui, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngerchelong, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsorol, Tobi Independence: 1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship) National holiday: Constitution Day, 9 July (1979) Constitution: 1 January 1981 Legal system: based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Kuniwo NAKAMURA (since 1 January 1993), Vice-President Tommy E. REMENGESAU Jr. (since 1 January 1993); election last held 4 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - Kuniwo NAKAMURA 50.7%, Johnson TORIBIONG 49.3% Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Olbiil Era Kelulau or OEK) Senate: elections last held 4 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (14 total) number of seats by party NA House of Delegates: elections last held 4 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (16 total) number of seats by party NA Judicial branch: Supreme Court, National Court, Court of Common Pleas Member of: ESCAP (associate), SPC, SPF (observer), UN Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Liaison Officer NA liaison office: 444 North Capital Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Palau Government telephone: (202) 624-7793 FAX: NA note: relationship of free association with the US pursuant to compact of free association which entered into force 1 October 1994 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Liaison Officer Lloyd W. MOSS liaison office: Erenguul Street, Koror, Republic of Palau mailing address: P.O. Box 6028, Republic of Palau 96940 telephone: [680] 488-2920 FAX: [680] 488-2911 note: relationship of free association with the US pursuant to compact of free association which entered into force 1 October 1994 Flag: light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon) shifted slightly to the hoist side THE WORLD FACTBOOK Palau Economy Overview: The economy consists primarily of subsistence agriculture and fishing. The government is the major employer of the work force, relying heavily on financial assistance from the US. The compact of "free association" with the United States, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994, provides Palau with $500 million in US aid over 15 years in return for furnishing some military facilities. The population, in effect, enjoys a per capita income of $5,000, twice that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. Long-run prospects for the tourist sector have been greatly bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific and the rapidly rising prosperity of leading East Asian countries. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $81.8 million (1994 est.) note: GDP numbers reflect US spending National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $5,000 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: 20% (1986) Budget: revenues: $6 million expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1986 est.) Exports: $600,000 (f.o.b., 1989) commodities: trochus (type of shellfish), tuna, copra, handicrafts partners: US, Japan Imports: $24.6 million (c.i.f., 1989) commodities: NA partners: US External debt: about $100 million (1989) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 16,000 kW production: 22 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,540 kWh (1990) Industries: tourism, craft items (shell, wood, pearl), some commercial fishing and agriculture Agriculture: subsistence-level production of coconut, copra, cassava, sweet potatoes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Palau Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $2.56 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $92 million Currency: 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: US currency is used Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September THE WORLD FACTBOOK Palau Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 61 km paved: 36 km unpaved: gravel 25 km Ports: Koror Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Palau Communications Telephone system: NA telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Palau Defense Forces Branches: NA Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP Note: defense is the responsibility of the US pursuant to Compact of Free Association which entered into force 1 October 1994 Palau - Consular Information Sheet July 9, 1993 Country Description: The Republic of Palau is a constitutional democracy administered by the United States as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands since July 18, 1947, pursuant to a trusteeship agreement approved by the United Nations. It has a developing agrarian economy. Tourist facilities are available only on a limited basis. Entry Requirements: Proof of U.S. citizenship and an onward/return ticket are required for stays of up to 30 days. Extensions are available in Palau for a $50 fee. Further specific information is available through the Office of the Palau Representative, 444 North Capitol Street, Suite 208, Washington, D.C. 20001, telephone (202) 624-7793. Medical Facilities: Health facilities in the Republic of Palau are adequate for routine medical care, but limited in availability and quality. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance which specifically covers overseas treatment has proved useful. The international travelers hotline of the Centers for Disease Control at (404) 332-4559 has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: The crime rate in the Republic of Palau is low. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Other Penalties: Firearms of any kind are strictly prohibited in Palau. The penalty for possession of a firearm is up to fifteen years imprisonment. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Liaison office can obtain updated information on travel and security within the area. U.S. Liaison Office Locations: The U.S. Liaison Office in the Republic of Palau is located c/o P.O. Box 6028 in Koror, telephone (680) 488-2920. No. 93-187 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated November 13, 1992, to include information on reporting the loss or theft of a U.S. passport. 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Age structure: 0-14 years: 41% (female 847,208; male 892,718) 15-64 years: 57% (female 1,161,961; male 1,268,266) 65 years and over: 2% (female 66,759; male 57,838) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.3% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 33.2 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.18 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 61.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 56.85 years male: 56.01 years female: 57.74 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.55 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Papua New Guinean(s) adjective: Papua New Guinean Ethnic divisions: Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian Religions: Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant sects 10%, indigenous beliefs 34% Languages: English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region note: 715 indigenous languages Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 52% male: 65% female: 38% Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Papua New Guinea Government Names: conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea conventional short form: Papua New Guinea Digraph: PP Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Port Moresby Administrative divisions: 20 provinces; Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, North Solomons, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain Independence: 16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship) National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September (1975) Constitution: 16 September 1975 Legal system: based on English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Wiwa KOROWI (since NA November 1991) head of government: Prime Minister Sir Julius CHAN (since 30 August 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Chris HAIVETA (since 7 September 1994) cabinet: National Executive Council; appointed by the governor on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral National Parliament: (sometimes referred to as the House of Assembly) elections last held 13-26 June 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (109 total) Pangu Party 24, PDM 17, PPP 10, PAP 10, independents 30, others 18; note - association with political parties is fluid Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Papua New Guinea United Party (Pangu Party), Jack GENIA; People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Paias WINGTI; People's Action Party (PAP), Akoka DOI; People's Progress Party (PPP), Sir Julius CHAN; United Party (UP), Paul TORATO; Papua Party (PP), Galeva KWARARA; National Party (NP), Paul PORA; Melanesian Alliance (MA), Fr. John MOMIS Member of: ACP, APEC, AsDB, ASEAN (observer), C, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, NAM (observer), SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Kepas Isimel WATANGIA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Papua New Guinea Government chancery: 3rd floor, 1615 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 745-3680 FAX: [1] (202) 745-3679 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Richard W. TEARE embassy: Armit Street, Port Moresby mailing address: P. O. Box 1492, Port Moresby, or APO AE 96553 telephone: [675] 211455, 211594, 211654 FAX: [675] 213423 Flag: divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five white five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered THE WORLD FACTBOOK Papua New Guinea Economy Overview: Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by the rugged terrain and the high cost of developing an infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mining of numerous deposits, including copper and gold, accounts for about 60% of export earnings. Budgetary support from Australia and development aid under World Bank auspices have helped sustain the economy. Robust growth in 1991-92 was led by the mining sector; the opening of a large new gold mine helped the advance. At the start of 1995, Port Moresby is looking primarily to the exploitation of mineral and petroleum resources to drive economic development but new prospecting in Papua New Guinea has slumped as other mineral-rich countries have stepped up their competition for international investment. Output from current projects will probably begin to taper off in 1996, but no new large ventures are being developed to succeed them. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.2 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 6.1% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,200 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.6% (1994) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $1.33 billion expenditures: $1.36 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.) Exports: $2.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: gold, copper ore, oil, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, lobster partners: Australia, Japan, US, Singapore, New Zealand Imports: $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals partners: Australia, Japan, UK, New Zealand, Netherlands External debt: $3.2 billion (1992) Industrial production: accounts for 32% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 490,000 kW production: 1.8 billion kWh consumption per capita: 390 kWh (1993) Industries: copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production, mining of gold, silver, and copper, construction, tourism THE WORLD FACTBOOK Papua New Guinea Economy Agriculture: Accounts for 25% of GDP; livelihood for 85% of population; fertile soils and favorable climate permits cultivating a wide variety of crops; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels; other products - tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, poultry, pork; net importer of food for urban centers Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $40.6 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $6.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $17 million Currency: 1 kina (K) = 100 toea Exchange rates: kina (K) per US$1 - 0.8565 (December 1994), 0.9950 (1994), 1.0221 (1993), 1.0367 (1992), 1.0504 (1991), 1.0467 (1990); note - the government floated the kina on 10 October 1994 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Papua New Guinea Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 19,200 km paved: 640 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 10,960 km; unimproved earth 7,600 km Inland waterways: 10,940 km Ports: Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul Merchant marine: total: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 22,565 GRT/27,071 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 3, combination ore/oil 5, container 1, roll-on/roll-off 1 Airports: total: 505 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 with paved runways under 914 m: 411 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 12 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 63 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Papua New Guinea Communications Telephone system: more than 70,000 telephones (1987); services are adequate and being improved; facilities provide radiobroadcast, radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radiocommunication services local: NA intercity: mostly radio telephone international: submarine cables extend to Australia and Guam; 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station; international radio communication service Radio: broadcast stations: AM 31, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 (1987) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Papua New Guinea Defense Forces Branches: Papua New Guinea Defense Force (includes Army, Navy, and Air Force) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,111,661; males fit for military service 618,696 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $55 million, 1.8% of GDP (1993 est.) PAPUA NEW GUINEA - Passport, onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds required. Tourist visa not required for a stay of up to 30 days. Business visa requires 2 application forms, 2 photos, company letter, bio-data and $10.25 fee (single entry ) or $154.00 (multiple entry). AIDS test required for work and residency permits; U.S. test accepted. For longer stays and further information contact Embassy of Papua New Guinea, Suite 300, 1615 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/745-3680). 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THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru Geography Location: Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador Map references: South America Area: total area: 1,285,220 sq km land area: 1.28 million sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Alaska Land boundaries: total 6,940 km, Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 2,900 km, Ecuador 1,420 km Coastline: 2,414 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm territorial sea: 200 nm International disputes: three sections of the boundary with Ecuador are in dispute Climate: varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west Terrain: western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) Natural resources: copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 21% forest and woodland: 55% other: 21% Irrigated land: 12,500 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes natural hazards: earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Tropical Timber 94 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru Geography Note: shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru People Population: 24,087,372 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 35% (female 4,152,520; male 4,296,293) 15-64 years: 61% (female 7,280,287; male 7,378,227) 65 years and over: 4% (female 535,156; male 444,889) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.8% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 24.88 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.84 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 52.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.07 years male: 63.86 years female: 68.38 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Peruvian(s) adjective: Peruvian Ethnic divisions: Indian 45%, mestizo (mixed Indian and European ancestry) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3% Religions: Roman Catholic Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 82% male: 92% female: 74% Labor force: 8 million (1992) by occupation: government and other services 44%, agriculture 37%, industry 19% (1988 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Peru conventional short form: Peru local long form: Republica del Peru local short form: Peru Digraph: PE Type: republic Capital: Lima Administrative divisions: 24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali note: the 1979 Constitution mandated the creation of regions (regiones, singular - region) to function eventually as autonomous economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been constituted from 23 of the 24 departments - Amazonas (from Loreto), Andres Avelino Caceres (from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin), Arequipa (from Arequipa), Chavin (from Ancash), Grau (from Tumbes, Piura), Inca (from Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La Libertad (from La Libertad), Los Libertadores-Huari (from Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica), Mariategui (from Moquegua, Tacna, Puno), Nor Oriental del Maranon (from Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas), San Martin (from San Martin), Ucayali (from Ucayali); formation of another region has been delayed by the reluctance of the constitutional province of Callao to merge with the department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the central government and organizational and political difficulties, the regions have yet to assume major responsibilities; the 1993 Constitution retains the regions but limits their authority; the 1993 Constitution also reaffirms the roles of departmental and municipal governments. Independence: 28 July 1821 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 28 July (1821) Constitution: 31 December 1993 Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Alberto Kenyo FUJIMORI Fujimori (since 28 July 1990); election last held 9 April 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); results - Alberto FUJIMORI 64.42%, Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR 21.80%, Mercedes CABANILLAS 4.11%, other 9.67% cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president note: Prime Minister Efrain GOLDENBERG Schreiber (since NA February 1994) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru Government Legislative branch: unicameral Congress: elections last held 9 April 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); results - C90/NM 52.1% of the total vote, UPP 14%, eleven other parties 33.9%; seats - (120 total, when installed on 28 July 1995) C90/NM 67, UPP 17, APRA 8, FIM 6, (CODE)-Pais Posible 5, AP 4, PPC 3, Renovacion 3, IU 2, OBRAS 2, MIA 1, FRENATRACA 1, (FREPAP) 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia) Political parties and leaders: Change 90-New Majority (C90/NM), Alberto FUJIMORI; Union for Peru (UPP), Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Agustin MANTILLA Campos; Independent Moralizing Front (FIM), Fernando OLIVERA Vega; Democratic Coordinator (CODE) - Pais Posible, Jose BARBA Caballero and Alejandro TOLEDO; Popular Action Party (AP), Raul DIEZ CANSECO; Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis BEDOYA Reyes; Renovacion, Rafael REY Rey; Civic Works Movement (OBRAS), Ricardo BELMONT; United Left (IU), Agustin HAYA de la TORRE; Independent Agrarian Movement (MIA), Rolando SALVATERRIE; Peru 2000-National Front of Workers and Peasants (FRENATRACA), Roger CACARES; Popular Agricultural Front (FREPAP), Ezequiel ATAUCUSI Other political or pressure groups: leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path, Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned); Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, Nestor SERPA and Victor POLAY (imprisoned) Member of: AG, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG (suspended), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ricardo V. LUNA Mendoza chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869 FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Alvin P. ADAMS, Jr. embassy: corner of Avenida Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and Avenida Espana, Lima mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031 telephone: [51] (14) 338000 FAX: [51] (14) 316682 Flag: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru Economy Overview: The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed in 1994 in the mining and telecommunications industries. In the 1980s the economy suffered from hyperinflation, declining per capita output, and mounting external debt. Peru was shut off from IMF and World Bank support in the mid-1980s because of its huge debt arrears. An austerity program implemented shortly after the FUJIMORI government took office in July 1990 contributed to a third consecutive yearly contraction of economic activity, but the slide came to a halt late that year, and in 1991 output rose 2.4%. After a burst of inflation as the austerity program eliminated government price subsidies, monthly price increases eased to the single-digit level and by December 1991 dropped to the lowest increase since mid-1987. Lima obtained a financial rescue package from multilateral lenders in September 1991, although it faced $14 billion in arrears on its external debt. By working with the IMF and World Bank on new financial conditions and arrangements, the government succeeded in ending its arrears by March 1993. In 1992, GDP had fallen by 2.8%, in part because a warmer-than-usual El Nino current resulted in a 30% drop in the fish catch, but the economy rebounded as strong foreign investment helped push growth to 6% in 1993 and 8.6% in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $73.6 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 8.6% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,110 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 15%; extensive underemployment (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $2 billion expenditures: $1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $300 million (1992 est.) Exports: $4.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: copper, zinc, fishmeal, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, refined silver, coffee, cotton partners: US 19%, Japan 9%, Italy, Germany Imports: $5.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals partners: US 21%, Colombia, Argentina, Japan, Germany, Brazil External debt: $22.4 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: NA Electricity: capacity: 4,190,000 kW production: 11.2 billion kWh THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru Economy consumption per capita: 448 kWh (1993) Industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP, about 35% of labor force; commercial crops - coffee, cotton, sugarcane; other crops - rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; animal products - poultry, red meats, dairy, wool; not self-sufficient in grain or vegetable oil; fish catch of 6.9 million metric tons (1990) Illicit drugs: world's largest coca leaf producer with about 108,600 hectares under cultivation in 1994; source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base; at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production; most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.7 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $577 million Currency: 1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centimos Exchange rates: nuevo sol (S/.) per US$1 - 2.20 (February 1995), 2.195 (1994),1.988 (1993), 1.245 (1992), 0.772 (1991), 0.187 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru Transportation Railroads: total: 1,801 km standard gauge: 1,501 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 300 km 0.914-m gauge Highways: total: 69,942 km paved: 7,459 km unpaved: improved earth 13,538 km; unimproved earth 48,945 km Inland waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca Pipelines: crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km Ports: Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Iquitos, Matarani, Paita, Pucallpa, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Yurimaguas note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries Merchant marine: total: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 90,501 GRT/144,913 DWT ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 6, refrigerated cargo 1 note: in addition, 4 naval tankers and 1 naval cargo are sometimes used commercially Airports: total: 236 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 6 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 with paved runways under 914 m: 97 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 21 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 77 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru Communications Telephone system: 544,000 telephones; fairly adequate for most requirements local: NA intercity: nationwide microwave radio relay system and 12 domestic satellite links international: 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 273, FM 0, shortwave 144 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 140 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Peru Defense Forces Branches: Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru), National Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 6,369,157; males fit for military service 4,300,772; males reach military age (20) annually 251,798 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $810 million, about 2.7% of GDP (1994) MPERU - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist stay up to 90 days, extendable after arrival. Tourists may need onward/return ticket. For official/diplomatic passport and other travel, visa required and must be obtained in advance. Business visa requires company letter stating purpose of trip and $27 fee. For further information contact Embassy of Peru, 1700 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 (202/833-9860-9) or nearest Consulate: CA (213/383-9896 and 415/362-5185), FL (305/374-1407), IL (312/853-6173), NY (212/644-2850), PR (809/763-0679) or TX (713/781-5000). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Peru ============================================================ Peru - Consular Information Sheet July 28, 1995 Country Description: Peru is a developing country with significant tourist and commercial activity. The quality of tourist facilities varies depending on cost and location. Entry Requirements: U.S. citizens must have a valid passport but do not need a visa for tourist visits of up to 90 days. Visitors for other purposes must obtain a visa. Further information regarding entry requirements is available from the Embassy of Peru, 1700 Massachusetts avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036, tel. (202) 833-9860, and Peruvian consular offices in California, Florida, Illinois, New York, Puerto Rico, and Texas. Medical Facilities: Medical care is adequate in major cities but is generally less so elsewhere. Local health care providers do not accept U.S. health insurance coverage and require cash payment for medical services. Medicare/Medicaid do not pay for medical services outside the United States. For information regarding health conditions and precautions, contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Terrorist Activity: Peruvian government action has greatly reduced the effectiveness of the two active terrorist groups, Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) and MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement). Terrorist attacks have not been directed against traditional tourist destinations. Terrorists do, however, continue to attempt sporadic attacks against institutional targets including government offices, embassies and major commercial interests. Miraflores and other affluent suburbs of Lima have been the site of serious bombings. In May 1995, after an interval of several months without a major bombing in Miraflores, a powerful car bomb was detonated in front of a hotel killing four persons and injuring several others. U.S. visitors to Peru are advised of the potential risk of collateral damage from terrorist bomb attacks. The U.S. Embassy restricts official travel of government employees to several areas because guerrilla groups and narcotics traffickers there still resort to violence, usually against local security forces and civilians. Overland travel in or near these areas, particularly at night, is risky. Private U.S. citizens may wish to take the following U.S. Embassy employee-restricted travel areas into consideration when making their travel plans: -Ancash: Provinces of Pallasca, Corongo, and Sihuas only -Apurimac: All areas except Abancay city -Ayacucho: Huanta province (except Huanta city) and Lamar Province only -Cajamarca: Provinces of Cajabamba, Celendin, Jaen, and San Ignacio -Cuzco: Area north of Quillabamba -Huancavelica: All -Huanuco: All areas except Tingo Maria by air -Junin: Province of Satipo -La Libertad: Bolivar, Sanchez Carrion, Santiago de Chuco and Otuzco Provinces -Pasco: Province of Oxapampa -Piura: Province of Huancabamba -Puno: Sandia and Azangaro provinces -San Martin: All rural areas. Travel by air is permitted to the cities of Tarapoto, Juanji, Lamas, Saposoa, Rioja and Moyobamba -Ucayali: Padre Abad and Coronel Portillo Provinces This list is under constant review. For updated information regarding U.S. Embassy-designated restricted travel areas, contact the U.S. Embassy in Lima. (Note: these "restricted travel areas" do not in all cases correspond to existing Peruvian government-designated "emergency zones" which still encompass nearly half of the country, including metropolitan Lima. Certain constitutional rights are suspended in these "emergency zones, giving security forces extraordinary powers to detain and question individuals.) Peru-Ecuador Border: Due to recent hostilities, there is a continuing military presence in the border area. Border crossings may be restricted. It is important that travelers obey the instructions of authorities. Crime Information: Peru is relatively safe for the group tourist who takes appropriate precautions and does not stray from the confines of organized tour packages. The risk of street crime in downtown Lima is high. Nonviolent street crime such as petty theft also occurs in most other urban areas. Violent crimes include assault and armed robbery. Resistance to violent crime usually provokes greater violence. Travel in groups and with experienced guides is safer. Walking alone, especially late at night or early in the morning, can be dangerous. It is important that trail hikers register at Ministry of Tourism trail checkpoints and register admission to national parks. It is also essential for visitors to the remote Aguaruna/Huambisa tribal area (where two U.S. citizens were attacked, one of whom was killed in January 1995) to obtain permission to visit from the tribal council, and to not visit villages without advance permission. Visitors to Peru should immediately report any criminal activity against them to the nearest police station or tourism police office and to the U.S. Embassy in Lima or the consular agent in Cuzco. Immediate action often results in detaining the thieves and recovering stolen property. Tourism police in Cuzco have upgraded and expanded coverage of areas frequented by visitors. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." This publication, as well as others such as, "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America," are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Peru for possession, use, and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Prison conditions are poor. Other Information: Updated information on Peruvian adoption procedures and the U.S. immigrant visa application process is available from the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy, as well as from the Office of Children's Issues, Room 4811, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, tel. (202) 647-2688. Civil marriage in Peru of U.S.-citizen non-residents to Peruvians is difficult, if not impossible. Non-residents are required to present a "Certificado de Solteria" (Certificate of Marriageability). The U.S. Embassy does not issue such documents. The U.S. Embassy also does not authenticate U.S. civil documents for local use. U.S. citizens may wish to have a Peruvian consular official in the U.S. authenticate relevant U.S. civil documents before traveling to Peru. Civil Aviation Oversight: In February 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Peru's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Peruvian carriers operating to and from the United States. The same level of safety oversight would typically be applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Registration/Embassy and Consular Agency Locations: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Lima, and may also obtain updated information on travel and security within Peru. The U.S. Embassy in Lima is located at Avenida de la Encalada (no number), Monterrico, Lima, tel. (51-1) 221-1202. The Consular Agency in Cuzco is located at Avenida Tullumayo 125, tel. (51-84) 23-3541. No. 95-085 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for Peru dated September 2, 1994, to remove the Travel Warning, provide updated crime and security information, add information on civil marriage, and provide the new U.S. Embassy address and phone number. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Peru ============================================================ Peru - Public Announcement July 21, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The United States Embassy in Lima, Peru, warns that the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) may increase terrorist activities from now through the remainder of July in conjunction with Peruvian Independence Day and the inauguration of President Alberto Fujimori on July 28. U.S. citizens in Peru are encouraged to exercise caution during this period and to avoid Peruvian government installations, diplomatic missions and high-density commercial areas, particularly after dark. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Peru ============================================================ Peru - Consular Information Sheet July 28, 1995 Country Description: Peru is a developing country with significant tourist and commercial activity. The quality of tourist facilities varies depending on cost and location. Entry Requirements: U.S. citizens must have a valid passport but do not need a visa for tourist visits of up to 90 days. Visitors for other purposes must obtain a visa. Further information regarding entry requirements is available from the Embassy of Peru, 1700 Massachusetts avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036, tel. (202) 833-9860, and Peruvian consular offices in California, Florida, Illinois, New York, Puerto Rico, and Texas. Medical Facilities: Medical care is adequate in major cities but is generally less so elsewhere. Local health care providers do not accept U.S. health insurance coverage and require cash payment for medical services. Medicare/Medicaid do not pay for medical services outside the United States. For information regarding health conditions and precautions, contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Terrorist Activity: Peruvian government action has greatly reduced the effectiveness of the two active terrorist groups, Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) and MRTA (Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement). Terrorist attacks have not been directed against traditional tourist destinations. Terrorists do, however, continue to attempt sporadic attacks against institutional targets including government offices, embassies and major commercial interests. Miraflores and other affluent suburbs of Lima have been the site of serious bombings. In May 1995, after an interval of several months without a major bombing in Miraflores, a powerful car bomb was detonated in front of a hotel killing four persons and injuring several others. U.S. visitors to Peru are advised of the potential risk of collateral damage from terrorist bomb attacks. The U.S. Embassy restricts official travel of government employees to several areas because guerrilla groups and narcotics traffickers there still resort to violence, usually against local security forces and civilians. Overland travel in or near these areas, particularly at night, is risky. Private U.S. citizens may wish to take the following U.S. Embassy employee-restricted travel areas into consideration when making their travel plans: -Ancash: Provinces of Pallasca, Corongo, and Sihuas only -Apurimac: All areas except Abancay city -Ayacucho: Huanta province (except Huanta city) and Lamar Province only -Cajamarca: Provinces of Cajabamba, Celendin, Jaen, and San Ignacio -Cuzco: Area north of Quillabamba -Huancavelica: All -Huanuco: All areas except Tingo Maria by air -Junin: Province of Satipo -La Libertad: Bolivar, Sanchez Carrion, Santiago de Chuco and Otuzco Provinces -Pasco: Province of Oxapampa -Piura: Province of Huancabamba -Puno: Sandia and Azangaro provinces -San Martin: All rural areas. Travel by air is permitted to the cities of Tarapoto, Juanji, Lamas, Saposoa, Rioja and Moyobamba -Ucayali: Padre Abad and Coronel Portillo Provinces This list is under constant review. For updated information regarding U.S. Embassy-designated restricted travel areas, contact the U.S. Embassy in Lima. (Note: these "restricted travel areas" do not in all cases correspond to existing Peruvian government-designated "emergency zones" which still encompass nearly half of the country, including metropolitan Lima. Certain constitutional rights are suspended in these "emergency zones, giving security forces extraordinary powers to detain and question individuals.) Peru-Ecuador Border: Due to recent hostilities, there is a continuing military presence in the border area. Border crossings may be restricted. It is important that travelers obey the instructions of authorities. Crime Information: Peru is relatively safe for the group tourist who takes appropriate precautions and does not stray from the confines of organized tour packages. The risk of street crime in downtown Lima is high. Nonviolent street crime such as petty theft also occurs in most other urban areas. Violent crimes include assault and armed robbery. Resistance to violent crime usually provokes greater violence. Travel in groups and with experienced guides is safer. Walking alone, especially late at night or early in the morning, can be dangerous. It is important that trail hikers register at Ministry of Tourism trail checkpoints and register admission to national parks. It is also essential for visitors to the remote Aguaruna/Huambisa tribal area (where two U.S. citizens were attacked, one of whom was killed in January 1995) to obtain permission to visit from the tribal council, and to not visit villages without advance permission. Visitors to Peru should immediately report any criminal activity against them to the nearest police station or tourism police office and to the U.S. Embassy in Lima or the consular agent in Cuzco. Immediate action often results in detaining the thieves and recovering stolen property. Tourism police in Cuzco have upgraded and expanded coverage of areas frequented by visitors. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." This publication, as well as others such as, "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America," are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Peru for possession, use, and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Prison conditions are poor. Other Information: Updated information on Peruvian adoption procedures and the U.S. immigrant visa application process is available from the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy, as well as from the Office of Children's Issues, Room 4811, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, tel. (202) 647-2688. Civil marriage in Peru of U.S.-citizen non-residents to Peruvians is difficult, if not impossible. Non-residents are required to present a "Certificado de Solteria" (Certificate of Marriageability). The U.S. Embassy does not issue such documents. The U.S. Embassy also does not authenticate U.S. civil documents for local use. U.S. citizens may wish to have a Peruvian consular official in the U.S. authenticate relevant U.S. civil documents before traveling to Peru. Civil Aviation Oversight: In February 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Peru's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Peruvian carriers operating to and from the United States. The same level of safety oversight would typically be applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Registration/Embassy and Consular Agency Locations: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Lima, and may also obtain updated information on travel and security within Peru. The U.S. Embassy in Lima is located at Avenida de la Encalada (no number), Monterrico, Lima, tel. (51-1) 221-1202. The Consular Agency in Cuzco is located at Avenida Tullumayo 125, tel. (51-84) 23-3541. No. 95-085 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for Peru dated September 2, 1994, to remove the Travel Warning, provide updated crime and security information, add information on civil marriage, and provide the new U.S. Embassy address and phone number. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 Photo_2 77I_I7 >UFf8 UIIU> 0@5> 0skkX8 C:;J: @kJJ) I|Un7 4r!<<(-!P -!-4!4 !(P(P Z!4P<<(-4P 42nI*|U*I 27_I>_ [I7I|In g\ljv >IUU_2 ;:;:; :;:;:;:& 7UII& *IIUnII71 DtR1Et R1Rt)ttEE} )Rd1E w\~\v rrt)t cMP<4- -4CC< D)/)/) /)/)/)3 h#3)/)/)/) /)/)/)/)D (ulj gP((P P4P-4I|2 )/3)33/ /3//3 Z<UU2 77U7> 7? L:G:??]??L G:??LG LV:V?:]?:? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; ]]ee^ ]]/ee me/e= ]ee]e e^e8ee^] ]/ee^ /eemm eH/]e 8NN8b < _ _ _ _ _: : ;_ :_ ?_ _ _? : _ _ _{_ _ : _ ; : : : _ :_ _ _ _:_ F:191:: _ : :_ _ _ _; ::_ _: -u-11 _ _ __ ::;: _ %-$-- _ > _ -1y-1 _? :_ :;_ : __ _ _? 119119 _: _ __?1 _: : _?_ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ 190-1099,9 0-9101 91=9119110 y9yy19y 190y= 99,: 91198 911=1t 9891-1 :989> -198919 19191 0y-x, 1-991 119-99 92,91101 =09-1 2:-901 _ __ _ _ _ ; _;__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ; _ _ __ _ z _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Pitcairn Islands Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pitcairn Islands Header Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pitcairn Islands Geography Location: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Peru to New Zealand Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 47 sq km land area: 47 sq km comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 51 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical, hot, humid, modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March) Terrain: rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs Natural resources: miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish Land use: arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% other: NA% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: deforestation (only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement) natural hazards: typhoons (especially November to March) international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pitcairn Islands People Population: 73 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 2.8% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman Nationality: noun: Pitcairn Islander(s) adjective: Pitcairn Islander Ethnic divisions: descendants of the Bounty mutineers Religions: Seventh-Day Adventist 100% Languages: English (official), Tahitian/English dialect Labor force: NA by occupation: no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishing THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pitcairn Islands Government Names: conventional long form: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands conventional short form: Pitcairn Islands Digraph: PC Type: dependent territory of the UK Capital: Adamstown Administrative divisions: none (dependent territory of the UK) Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK) National holiday: Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second Saturday in June) Constitution: Local Government Ordinance of 1964 Legal system: local island by-laws Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal with three years residency Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor (non-resident) of the Pitcairn Islands Robert John ALSTON (since NA); Commissioner (non-resident) G.D. HARRAWAY (since NA; is the liaison person between the governor and the Island Council) head of government: Island Magistrate and Chairman of the Island Council Jay WARREN (since NA) Legislative branch: unicameral Island Council: elections take place each December; last held NA December 1994 (next to be held NA December 1995); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (11 total, 5 elected) all independents Judicial branch: Island Court Political parties and leaders: none Other political or pressure groups: NA Member of: SPC Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the UK) US diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK) Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms is yellow, green, and light blue with a shield featuring a yellow anchor THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pitcairn Islands Economy Overview: The inhabitants exist on fishing and subsistence farming. The fertile soil of the valleys produces a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams, and beans. Bartering is an important part of the economy. The major sources of revenue are the sale of postage stamps to collectors and the sale of handicrafts to passing ships. National product: GDP $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $430,000 expenditures: $429,000, including capital expenditures of $NA (1987 est.) Exports: $NA commodities: fruits, vegetables, curios partners: NA Imports: $NA commodities: fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour, sugar, other foodstuffs partners: NA External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 110 kW production: 300,000 kWh consumption per capita: 5,360 kWh (1990) Industries: postage stamps, handicrafts Agriculture: based on subsistence fishing and farming; wide variety of fruits and vegetables; must import grain products Economic aid: recipient: ODA bilateral commitments (1992-93), $84,000 Currency: 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pitcairn Islands Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 6.4 km unpaved: earth 6.4 km Ports: Bounty Bay Merchant marine: none Airports: none THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pitcairn Islands Communications Telephone system: 24 telephones; party line telephone service on the island local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Pitcairn Islands Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights PITCAIRN language mfm&i fiXzz zzXmf GG&19'W9 9GW11 WW&W1 $.$ $$. e>|#[\ ((.%$ |S[)e2[2 iici, *,*,*,*,, musiusiusp i{m}y jizkk pusisumsps sumsps miimi imppiip mpmiipimmi piimyi lmplippm msimpp msiis ppipp imiimmiicd mmimpmi yvivy {{~iyvv} mmimmpp pmm6i pimimmiim3i isipmm mjjmipsii iiumimuimu usiiussmsi umppspis1i mupipm ooi~yip6i iuiim7i iomm8i msm/&J J9JmmVJ/V KxQBH QQBBQ %__S_ 75=7=sTee .eD5Y `.5=qMY =7D'5 WpQQx %Rb%B iny\BWxYfW $KnK% pxBXRSiB ]^QBpE ??G, WR?xBB BbpbBQYn 6nQLB ?_SSj,@ %SjGL QpHBHpx kk50; (#(#( ##((#(#(#( #(##((# #(#(# YxipQW 2+((++2+2+ #+(++((:(# +(+:#(2+ O(++: [(++# :#:(O l[:#O +(+:+(2+(+ (#((#(2 FBBHb 9c&V| 9{/&J9 \FBBFF BBFBFBFBBF BWQQBQQB ,G__?? vj,?? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; m,l.l.l0 Portugal Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights PORTUGAL x8dot3 Portuguese language 9 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal Geography Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain Map references: Europe Area: total area: 92,080 sq km land area: 91,640 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Indiana note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands Land boundaries: total 1,214 km, Spain 1,214 km Coastline: 1,793 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Indonesia Climate: maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south Terrain: mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south Natural resources: fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble Land use: arable land: 32% permanent crops: 6% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 40% other: 16% Irrigated land: 6,340 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas natural hazards: Azores subject to severe earthquakes international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal Geography Note: Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal People Population: 10,562,388 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 18% (female 943,412; male 1,000,971) 15-64 years: 68% (female 3,625,086; male 3,499,176) 65 years and over: 14% (female 889,142; male 604,601) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.36% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 11.72 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.65 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 1.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 9.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.53 years male: 72.11 years female: 79.16 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.47 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) adjective: Portuguese Ethnic divisions: homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000 Religions: Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%, other 2% Languages: Portuguese Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 85% male: 89% female: 82% Labor force: 4.24 million (1994 est.) by occupation: services 54.5%, manufacturing 24.4%, agriculture, forestry, fisheries 11.2%, construction 8.3%, utilites 1.0%, mining 0.5% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal Government Names: conventional long form: Portuguese Republic conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal Digraph: PO Type: republic Capital: Lisbon Administrative divisions: 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu Dependent areas: Macau (scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 20 December 1999) Independence: 1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910) National holiday: Day of Portugal, 10 June (1580) Constitution: 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989 Legal system: civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986); election last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996); results - Dr. Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos CARVALHAS 13%, Carlos MARQUES 3%; note - SOARES is finishing his second term and by law cannot run for a third consecutive term head of government: Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985); note - will be replaced in the October 1995 elections Council of State: acts as a consultative body to the president cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica): elections last held 6 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - PSD 50.4%, PS 29.3%, CDU 8.8%, CDS 4.4%, PSN 1.7%, PRD 0.6%, other 4.8%; seats - (230 total) PSD 136, PS 71, CDU 17, CDS 5, PSN 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justica) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal Government Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party (PSD), Fernando NOGUEIRA; Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Antonio GUTERRES; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Pedro CANAVARRO; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Carlos CARVALHAS; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Manuel MONTEIRO; National Solidarity Party (PSN), Manuel SERGIO; Center Democratic Party (CDS); United Democratic Coalition (CDU; Communists) Member of: AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Francisco Jose Laco Treichler KNOPFLI chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610 FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726 consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco consulate(s): Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island), and Washington, DC US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Elizabeth Frawley BAGLEY embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon mailing address: PSC 83, Lisbon; APO AE 09726 telephone: [351] (1) 7266600, 7266659, 7268670, 7268880 FAX: [351] (1) 7269109 consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores) Flag: two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal Economy Overview: Portugal's economy contracted 0.4% in 1993 but registered a 1.4% growth in 1994, with 3% growth expected in 1995 and 1996. This comeback rests on high levels of public investment, continuing strong export growth, and a gradual recovery in consumer spending. The government's long-run economic goal is the modernization of Portuguese markets, industry, infrastructure, and work force in order to catch up with productivity and income levels of the more advanced EU countries. Per capita income now equals only 55% of the EU average. Economic policy in 1994 focused on reducing inflationary pressures by lowering the fiscal deficit, maintaining a stable escudo, moderating wage increases, and encouraging increased competition. The government's medium-term objective is to be in the first tier of the EU countries eligible to join the economic and monetary union (EMU) as early as 1997. To this end, the 1995 budget posits a cut in total deficit to 5.8% of GDP. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $107.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 1.4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $10,190 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.1% (May 1994) Unemployment rate: 6.7% (May 1994) Budget: revenues: $31 billion expenditures: $41 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994) Exports: $15.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: clothing and footwear, machinery, cork and paper products, hides and skins partners: EU 75.5%, other developed countries 12.4%, US 4.3% (1994) Imports: $24.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, petroleum, textiles partners: EC 72%, other developed countries 10.9%, less developed countries 12.9%, US 3.4% External debt: $20 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 1.5% (1994 est.); accounts for 30.6% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 8,220,000 kW production: 29.5 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,642 kWh (1993) Industries: textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal Economy Agriculture: accounts for 5% of GDP; small, inefficient farms; imports more than half of food needs; major crops - grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; livestock sector - sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat, dairy products Illicit drugs: increasingly important gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.2 billion Currency: 1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 158.02 (January 1995), 165.99 (1994), 160.80 (1993), 135.00 (1992), 144.48 (1991), 142.55 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal Transportation Railroads: total: 3,068 km broad gauge: 2,761 km 1.668-m gauge (439 km electrified; 426 km double track) narrow gauge: 307 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 70,176 km paved and graveled: 60,351 km (519 km of expressways) unpaved: earth 9,825 km Inland waterways: 820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton cargo capacity Pipelines: crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km Ports: Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo Merchant marine: total: 65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 852,785 GRT/1,545,804 DWT ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 5, container 4, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1 note: Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira for Portuguese-owned ships; ships on the Madeira Register (MAR) will have taxation and crewing benefits of a flag of convenience; in addition, Portugal owns 25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 155,776 DWT that operate under Panamanian and Maltese registry Airports: total: 65 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 18 with paved runways under 914 m: 29 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal Communications Telephone system: 2,690,000 telephones local: NA intercity: generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire and microwave radio relay, domestic satellite earth stations international: 6 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT earth stations; tropospheric link to Azores Radio: broadcast stations: AM 57, FM 66 (repeaters 22), shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 66 (repeaters 23) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Portugal Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard, Fiscal Guard, Public Security Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,747,357; males fit for military service 2,223,299; males reach military age (20) annually 90,402 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 2.9% of GDP (1994) PORTUGAL - (Includes travel to the Azores and Madeira Islands.) Passport required. Visa not required for visit up to 60 days (extendable). For travel with pets and other information consult nearest Consulate: Washington., D.C. (202/332-3007, CA (415/346-3400), MA (617/536-8740 and 508/997-6151), NJ (201/622-7300), NY (212/246-4580) or RI (401/272-2003). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Portugal ============================================================ Portugal - Consular Information Sheet December 4, 1995 Country Description: Portugal is a moderately developed and stable democracy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for tourist stays up to sixty days. For further information concerning entry requirements for Portugal, travelers can contact the Embassy of Portugal at 2125 Kalorama Road N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 328-8610, or the nearest Portuguese Consulate in Boston, New Bedford, Providence, New York, Newark, or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Portugal has a low but increasing rate of violent crime. Travelers, especially those who appear to be affluent, may become targets of pickpockets and purse snatchers. Automobile break-ins, particularly from rental cars, and car thefts are common. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are high. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and heavy fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy or Consulate can obtain updated information on travel and security within Portugal. Embassy and Consulate Locations: The U.S. Embassy in Portugal is located on Avenida das Forcas Armadas in Lisbon; telephone (351-1) 727-3300. A Consulate is located in the Azores, on the island of San Miguel, in Ponta Delgada. The address is Avenida D. Henrique, tel: (351-96) 22216/7/8/9. There is also a Consular Agency located in Funchal, Madeira, on Avenida Luis de Camoes, telephone (351-091) 743-429. It is open from 10:00 A.M. to 12:00 noon. No. 95-154 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 26, 1994, to reflect the Embassy's new telephone number. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Portugal ============================================================ Portugal - Consular Information Sheet December 4, 1995 Country Description: Portugal is a moderately developed and stable democracy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. A visa is not required for tourist stays up to sixty days. For further information concerning entry requirements for Portugal, travelers can contact the Embassy of Portugal at 2125 Kalorama Road N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 328-8610, or the nearest Portuguese Consulate in Boston, New Bedford, Providence, New York, Newark, or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Portugal has a low but increasing rate of violent crime. Travelers, especially those who appear to be affluent, may become targets of pickpockets and purse snatchers. Automobile break-ins, particularly from rental cars, and car thefts are common. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are high. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and heavy fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy or Consulate can obtain updated information on travel and security within Portugal. Embassy and Consulate Locations: The U.S. Embassy in Portugal is located on Avenida das Forcas Armadas in Lisbon; telephone (351-1) 727-3300. A Consulate is located in the Azores, on the island of San Miguel, in Ponta Delgada. The address is Avenida D. Henrique, tel: (351-96) 22216/7/8/9. There is also a Consular Agency located in Funchal, Madeira, on Avenida Luis de Camoes, telephone (351-091) 743-429. It is open from 10:00 A.M. to 12:00 noon. No. 95-154 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 26, 1994, to reflect the Embassy's new telephone number. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad movie_1 cvSA] N~S=6 ;rM9AIvm:56 2g26 ArK)! ]g66S~KKm ]rqDr: ar~~2)~r2 ,m66] aUr~~gN :S6IM6::S MA9MASI:MM AdIAg6]mI v]m6v A:6g;^ mSvI:: |\C706 gm:.6 2;2cW LW)L2W;n [[pp3 ||cLc LnWD;n 2c#D)L2D WW#WL LWcWcWn q5Z%55F%N nWc|) e5_8@ E@e@P 2L)c2D )n)2)2 5(8(( 8((8((5 BOOBOO OBh-OO? OBOOBk '"&"&" &"&"&"' l`T"" kk?_k?kB ??-hOh hBO-OO? T199>9 SI6SA6M]IA 6IA:A SM6SA6IM:: I6AA: N5EEZ GA]6I IS6MAM qN%5q I66I:A:A"6 oej}X @5(Z5NP(%0 (N5_5P5N @No5Z( E5%_z @NeFP )ca4M }uejo x}}eu :MS.] SMI+6 k((/'6 ""&$&6 '"'&""' '&""'"&''" H"'"' '"$%6 :gIAC :II-"" -&"&" ""$!6 ##L2W L2)W2 DD)2#22#;2 );)nn)c 2#WcL| |WcWcDW c2LLW WW;LWLLDWD ##?# %?? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; FBFAAB& Qatar Map Button Image % THE WORLD FACTBOOK Qatar Geography Location: Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia Map references: Middle East Area: total area: 11,000 sq km land area: 11,000 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Connecticut Land boundaries: total 60 km, Saudi Arabia 60 km Coastline: 563 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: territorial dispute with Bahrain over the Hawar Islands; maritime boundary with Bahrain Climate: desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer Terrain: mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 5% forest and woodland: 0% other: 95% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities natural hazards: haze, dust storms, sandstorms common international agreements: signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea Note: strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits THE WORLD FACTBOOK Qatar People Population: 533,916 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 30% (female 81,443; male 80,591) 15-64 years: 68% (female 104,921; male 258,135) 65 years and over: 2% (female 2,941; male 5,885) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.74% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 22.72 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 3.59 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 8.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 20.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.03 years male: 70.45 years female: 75.5 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.63 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Qatari(s) adjective: Qatari Ethnic divisions: Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% Religions: Muslim 95% Languages: Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1986) total population: 76% male: 77% female: 72% Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Qatar Government Names: conventional long form: State of Qatar conventional short form: Qatar local long form: Dawlat Qatar local short form: Qatar Digraph: QA Type: traditional monarchy Capital: Doha Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal Independence: 3 September 1971 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 3 September (1971) Constitution: provisional constitution enacted 2 April 1970 Legal system: discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters Suffrage: none Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Amir and Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani (since 22 February 1972); Crown Prince HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (appointed 31 May 1977; son of Amir and Minister of Defense) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the amir Legislative branch: unicameral Advisory Council (Majlis al-Shura): constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held; seats - (30 total) Judicial branch: Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: none Member of: ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador ABD AL-RAHMAN bin Saud bin Fahd Al Thani chancery: Suite 1180, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 338-0111 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Qatar Government US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Kenton W. KEITH embassy: 149 Ali Bin Ahmed St., Farig Bin Omran (opposite the television station), Doha mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha telephone: [974] 864701 through 864703 FAX: [974] 861669 Flag: maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side THE WORLD FACTBOOK Qatar Economy Overview: Oil is the backbone of the economy and accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 75% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.3 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for about 25 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to the leading West European industrial countries. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of off-shore oil and the diversification of the economy. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $10.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -1% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $20,820 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $2.5 billion expenditures: $3 billion, including capital expenditures of $440 million (1992 est.) Exports: $3.13 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: petroleum products 75%, steel, fertilizers partners: Japan 57%, South Korea 9%, Brazil 4%, UAE 4%, Singapore 3% (1992) Imports: $1.75 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemicals partners: Japan 16%, UK 11%, US 11%, Germany 7%, France 5% (1992) External debt: $1.5 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: accounts for 50% of GDP, including oil Electricity: capacity: 1,520,000 kW production: 4.5 billion kWh consumption per capita: 8,415 kWh (1993) Industries: crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel (rolls reinforcing bars for concrete construction), cement Agriculture: farming and grazing on small scale, less than 2% of GDP; agricultural area is small and government-owned; commercial fishing increasing in importance; most food imported Economic aid: donor: pledged in ODA to less developed countries (1979-88), $2.7 billion Currency: 1 Qatari riyal (QR) = 100 dirhams THE WORLD FACTBOOK Qatar Economy Exchange rates: Qatari riyals (QR) per US$1 - 3.6400 riyals (fixed rate) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Qatar Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 1,190 km paved: 1,030 km unpaved: 160 km (1988 est.) Pipelines: crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km Ports: Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id Merchant marine: total: 19 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 463,227 GRT/763,507 DWT ships by type: combination ore/oil 1, container 3, cargo 11, oil tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1 Airports: total: 6 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Qatar Communications Telephone system: 110,000 telephones; modern system centered in Doha local: NA intercity: NA international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 3 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Qatar Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Public Security Manpower availability: males age 15-49 219,442; males fit for military service 115,103; males reach military age (18) annually 3,915 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA%, of GDP QATAR - Passport and visa required. Single-entry visa $33; multiple-entry visa, valid 3-6 months for $60 fee or 12 months for $115 fee; transit visa $6. Visas require No Objection Certificate from Qatar Ministry of Interior, 2 application forms, 2 photos and SASE for return of passport by mail. Business visa must be obtained through sponsor in Qatar. AIDS test required for work and student visas; U.S. test accepted if within 3 months of visit. For specific information contact Embassy of the State of Qatar, Suite 1180, 600 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 (202/338-0111). Qatar - Consular Information Sheet August 1, 1994 Country Description: Qatar is a traditional emirate, governed by the Al- Thani family in consultation with a Council of Ministers and a legislative Advisory Council. Islamic ideals and beliefs provide the conservative foundation of the country's customs, laws and practices. Qatar is a modern, developed country, and tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: Passports and visas are required. Visitors must have a business or personal sponsor. For further entry information, travelers can contact the Embassy of the State of Qatar, Suite 1180, 600 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, telephone (202) 338-0111. Medical Facilities: Basic modern medical care and medicines are available in several hospitals and health centers in Qatar. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control, telephone (404) 332- 4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Crime is generally not a problem for travelers in Qatar. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict in Qatar and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within Qatar. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 149 Ali Bin Ahmed St., Farig Bin Omran, in Doha, Qatar (opposite the TV station), P.O. Box 2399. The telephone number is (974) 864-701/702/703. The workweek in Qatar is Saturday through Wednesday. No. 94-146 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 31, 1993, without change, following an annual review. 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Reunion Map Button Image & THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion Header Affiliation: (overseas department of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion Geography Location: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar Map references: World Area: total area: 2,510 sq km land area: 2,500 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Rhode Island Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 201 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical, but moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April Terrain: mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast Natural resources: fish, arable land Land use: arable land: 20% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 35% other: 39% Irrigated land: 60 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion People Population: 666,067 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 32% (female 104,924; male 109,972) 15-64 years: 62% (female 210,762; male 203,774) 65 years and over: 6% (female 21,606; male 15,029) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.98% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 24.59 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.79 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.46 years male: 71.39 years female: 77.67 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.75 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese Ethnic divisions: French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian Religions: Roman Catholic 94% Languages: French (official), Creole widely used Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982) total population: 79% male: 76% female: 80% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture 30%, industry 21%, services 49% (1981) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion Government Names: conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion Digraph: RE Type: overseas department of France Capital: Saint-Denis Administrative divisions: none (overseas department of France) Independence: none (overseas department of France) National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789) Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) Legal system: French law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981) head of government: Prefect of Reunion Island Hubert FOURNIER (since NA) cabinet: Council of Ministers Legislative branch: unicameral General Council and unicameral Regional Council General Council: elections last held March 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (47 total) PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7 Regional Council: elections last held 25 June 1993 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (45 total) UPF 17, Free-Dom Movement 13, PCR 9, PS 6 French Senate: elections last held 24 September 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (3 total) RPR 1, FRA 1, independent 1 French National Assembly: elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (5 total) PS 1, PCR 1, UPF 1, RPR 1, UDF-CDS 1 Judicial branch: Court of Appeals (Cour d'Appel) Political parties and leaders: Rally for the Republic (RPR), Alain DEFAUD; Union for French Democracy (UDF), Gilbert GERARD; Communist Party of Reunion (PCR), Elie HOARAU;; France-Reunion Future (FRA), Andre THIEN AH KOON; Socialist Party (PS), Jean-Claude FRUTEAU; Social Democrats (CDS), leader NA; Union for France (UPF - including RPR and UDF); Free-Dom Movement, Marguerite SUDRE THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion Government Member of: FZ, WFTU Diplomatic representation in US: none (overseas department of France) US diplomatic representation: none (overseas department of France) Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion Economy Overview: The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which recently amounted to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas indigenous groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.5 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $3,900 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: 35% (February 1991) Budget: revenues: $358 million expenditures: $914 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1986 est.) Exports: $166 million (f.o.b., 1988) commodities: sugar 75%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 4%, lobster 3%, vanilla and tea 1% partners: France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy Imports: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1988) commodities: manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products partners: France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA%; about 25% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 180,000 kW production: 1 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,454 kWh (1993) Industries: sugar, rum, cigarettes, several small shops producing handicraft items THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion Economy Agriculture: accounts for 30% of labor force; dominant sector of economy; cash crops - sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco; food crops - tropical fruits, vegetables, corn; imports large share of food needs Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $14.8 billion Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 2,800 km paved: 2,200 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 600 km Ports: Le Port, Pointe des Galets Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion Communications Telephone system: 85,900 telephones; adequate system; principal center Saint-Denis local: NA intercity: modern open-wire and microwave network international: radiocommunication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 13, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 (repeaters 18) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Reunion Defense Forces Branches: French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 173,693; males fit for military service 89,438; males reach military age (18) annually 5,781 (1995 est.) Note: defense is the responsibility of France Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights REUNION :202f language PPR W Jsoo!!sJs uD-Ip Su1ddu Y^^W_^W_\\ YWetllet tzclzgt_rW mD%mD tYYpW zWYpW WXWXX %u%-%1 zWYpW _kce_lz\gY le_eg^rW YWYWYYWYWY \_\YYWW _\WY^_\Y.W Gd1d% zk_WWY^^Y\ Y_YWY _zY_Y#W p-Dd-d1G %%GG1u dd%-D \_YYk tW\\"W ^_\YWk --GdG- _\Y\Y n)i{.8 Y\WYWz >xbbv/r/ >arjrr RWKtz )@{&Q lWY W lWY#W kwtwtwtwtw twtwtwtwtw twtwtwtwwg W W_#W+Y W kWY[W _WY^W WWY\_W W__aW zYYgW lWYgW r$vF> lWYhW j}jr> lW\iW kYYjW tWYkW wPYlW lWYmW lRYnW egWYYW \^X^^\^W _\YqW _YW^\uW ^\WWk lWYW\_W WY_\wW _^YWWl WY\^_YW\^YyW Y^_WWY_^\Y \cck.e K9KPR AA?@=?AA@A A@=AA==@A? ==AA@AA@?= =649WV .)+).5.).5 3+)335+).. 3.++.++..) .35.).:.++ .++.533759 n.:5759 +:5759 {.:5759 {.:5759 {.:5759 Q.:5759 i.:55759 8)+:2+.5.) .2)..'.5A .?.).:.). 759WV h4::. ::55::5:?8 759WV ,)6@,+ V\f4:0< [W92E Y\WWYWYWYW YWWYYW \YY\YW ^\WWYWWYYc \YW\WWYYW\ Y\YY\Y_^e_ YWez\We_l_ tXc_Yec_ll tltllt_ Yetktlcge_ zlett Wle_ze_ ^_lc_lt_cW c_l_^_W X_l_W YWY\YWWYWY Y\YYWWY\WY YW\Y^\YY\^ Y^Y^W ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; p22p| Romania UdUJ[ Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ROMANIA x8dot3 German language ; THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania Geography Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe Area: total area: 237,500 sq km land area: 230,340 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon Land boundaries: total 2,508 km, Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km (all with Serbia), Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (south) 169 km Coastline: 225 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940 Climate: temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms Terrain: central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps Natural resources: petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt Land use: arable land: 43% permanent crops: 3% meadows and pastures: 19% forest and woodland: 28% other: 7% Irrigated land: 34,500 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania Geography natural hazards: earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea Note: controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania People Population: 23,198,330 (July 1995 est.) note: the Romanian census of January 1992 gives the population for that date as 22.749 million; the government estimates that population declined in 1993 by 0.3% Age structure: 0-14 years: 21% (female 2,413,933; male 2,534,019) 15-64 years: 67% (female 7,737,531; male 7,732,038) 65 years and over: 12% (female 1,604,210; male 1,176,599) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.09% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 13.71 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 18.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.24 years male: 69.31 years female: 75.35 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Romanian(s) adjective: Romanian Ethnic divisions: Romanian 89.1%, Hungarian 8.9%, German 0.4%, Ukrainian, Serb, Croat, Russian, Turk, and Gypsy 1.6% Religions: Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 6% (of which 3% are Uniate), Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 18% Languages: Romanian, Hungarian, German Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1992) total population: 97% male: 98% female: 95% Labor force: 11.3 million (1992) by occupation: industry 38%, agriculture 28%, other 34% (1989) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Romania local long form: none local short form: Romania Digraph: RO Type: republic Capital: Bucharest Administrative divisions: 40 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea Independence: 1881 (from Turkey; republic proclaimed 30 December 1947) National holiday: National Day of Romania, 1 December (1990) Constitution: 8 December 1991 Legal system: former mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; is now based on the Constitution of France's Fifth Republic Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 June 1990, previously President of Provisional Council of National Unity since 23 December 1989); election last held 27 September 1992, with runoff between top two candidates on 11 October 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Ion ILIESCU 61.4%, Emil CONSTANTINESCU 38.6% head of government: Prime Minister Nicolae VACAROIU (since November 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate (Senat): elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - PSDR 34.3%, CDR 18.2%, DP-FSN 12.6%, others 34.9%; seats - (143 total) PSDR 49, CDR 26, DP-FSN 18, PUNR 13, UDMR 12, PRM 6, PAC 6, PDAR 5, PSM 5, PL-93 2 other 1 House of Deputies (Adunarea Deputatilor): elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - PSDR 34.0%, CDR 16,4%, DP-FSN 12.3%, others 37.3%; seats - (341 total) PSDR 116, CDR 56, DP-FSN 42, PUNR 29, UDMR 27, PL-93 19, PRM 15, PSM 13, PAC 5, other 19 Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania Government Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party (DP-FSN), Petre ROMAN; Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSDR), Adrian NASTASE; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), Bela MARKO; National Liberal Party (PNL), Mircea IONESCU-QUINTUS; National Peasants' Christian and Democratic Party (PNTCD), Corneliu COPOSU; Romanian National Unity Party (PUNR), Gheorghe FUNAR; Socialist Labor Party (PSM), Ilie VERDET; Agrarian Democratic Party of Romania (PDAR), Victor SURDU; The Democratic Convention (CDR), Emil CONSTANTINESCU; Romania Mare Party (PRM), Corneliu Vadim TUDOR; Civic Alliance Party (PAC), Nicolae MANOLESCU, chairman note: numerous other small parties exist but almost all failed to gain representation in the most recent election Other political or pressure groups: various human rights and professional associations Member of: ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI (associate members), EBRD, ECE, FAO, G- 9, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mihai Horia BOTEZ chancery: 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851 FAX: [1] (202) 232-4748 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Alfred H. MOSES embassy: Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest mailing address: American Consulate General (Bucharest), Unit 1315, Bucharest; APO AE 09213-1315 telephone: [40] (1) 210 01 49, 210 40 42 FAX: [40] (1) 210 03 95 branch office: Cluj-Napoca Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flags of Andorra and Chad THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania Economy Overview: Despite the continuing difficulties in moving away from the former command system, the Romanian economy seems to have bottomed out in 1993-94. Market oriented reforms have been introduced fitfully since the downfall of CEAUSESCU in December 1989, with the result a growing private sector, especially in services. The slow pace of structural reform, however, has exacerbated Romania's high inflation rate and eroded real wages. Agricultural production rebounded in 1993 from the drought-reduced harvest of 1992. The economy continued its recovery in 1994, further gains being realized in agriculture, construction, services, and trade. Food supplies are adequate but expensive. Romania's infrastructure had deteriorated over the last five years due to reduced levels of public investment. Residents of the capital reported frequent disruptions of heating and water services. The slow and painful process of conversion to a more open economy will continue in 1995. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $64.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,790 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 62% (1994) Unemployment rate: 10.9% (December 1994) Budget: revenues: $8.3 billion expenditures: $9.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.) Exports: $6 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: metals and metal products 17.6%, mineral products 11.9%, textiles 18.5%, electric machines and equipment 8.4%, transport materials 6.5% (1994) partners: EC 36.1%, developing countries 27.4%, East and Central Europe 14.9%, EFTA 5.1%, Russia 5%, Japan 1.4%, US 1.3% (1993) Imports: $6.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: minerals 21.1%, machinery and equipment 19.7%, textiles 11.5%, agricultural goods 9.2% (1994) partners: EC 45.8%, East and Central Europe 8.6%, developing countries 22.6%, Russia 11%, EFTA 6.2%, US 5.0%, Japan 0.8% (1993) External debt: $4.4 billion (1994) Industrial production: growth rate -1% (1993 est.); accounts for 45% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 22,180,000 kW production: 50.8 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,076 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania Economy Industries: mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, machine building, food processing, petroleum production and refining Agriculture: accounts for 18% of GDP and 28% of labor force; major wheat and corn producer; other products - sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, milk, eggs, meat, grapes Illicit drugs: transshipment point for southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine transiting the Balkan route Economic aid: $NA Currency: 1 leu (L) = 100 bani Exchange rates: lei (L) per US$1 - 1,776.00 (January 1995), 1,655.09 (1994), 760.05 (1993), 307.95 (1992), 76.39 (1991), 22.432 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania Transportation Railroads: total: 11,365 km broad gauge: 45 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 10,893 km 1.435-m gauge (3,723 km electrified; 3,060 km double track) narrow gauge: 427 km 0.760-m gauge (1994) Highways: total: 461,880 km paved: 235,559 km (113 km of expressways) unpaved: 226,321 km (1992) Inland waterways: 1,724 km (1984) Pipelines: crude oil 2,800 km; petroleum products 1,429 km; natural gas 6,400 km (1992) Ports: Braila, Constanta, Galatz, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea Merchant marine: total: 238 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,528,971 GRT/3,849,943 DWT ships by type: bulk 46, cargo 167, container 2, oil tanker 14, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7 note: in addition, Romania owns 20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,207,388 DWT that operate under Liberian, Maltese, Cypriot, and Bahamian registry Airports: total: 156 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 4 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 17 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 108 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania Communications Telephone system: about 2.3 million telephones; 99 telephones/1,000 persons; 89% of phone network is automatic; poor service; cable and open wire local: NA intercity: trunk network is microwave; roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990) international: 1 INTELSAT earth station; new digital international direct dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993) Radio: broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 5, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 13 (1990) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Romania Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Paramilitary Forces, Civil Defense Manpower availability: males age 15-49 5,934,524; males fit for military service 5,002,287; males reach military age (20) annually 196,587 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 1,260 billion lei, 3% of GDP (1994); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results ROMANIA - Passport and visa required. Transit and tourist visa may be obtained at border in Romania or from the Romanian Embassy or Consulate before departure. Transit visa for stay up to 4 days, single-entry $21 or double-entry $31. Tourist/business visa, single-entry valid 6 months for stay up to 60 days, $31 (multiple-entry $68). No application or photos needed. Provide SASE for return of passport by mail. Allow 1 to 3 days for processing. For additional information consult Embassy of Romania, 1607 23rd St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/232-4747-9) or the Consulate General, New York (212/682-9120, 9121, 9122). Romania - Consular Information Sheet November 4, 1994 Country Description: Romania has undergone profound political and economic changes since the 1989 revolution and is in a period of economic transition. Most tourist facilities, while being upgraded, have not yet reached Western European standards. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Transit and tourist visas may be obtained on arrival at Romanian border points or the international airport in Bucharest. Prior to departure, travelers can obtain a visa and other information regarding entry requirements from the Romanian Embassy at 1607 23rd Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 232-4747 or the Romanian Consulate in New York City, telephone (212) 682-9120. Medical Facilities: Medical care in Romania is limited. There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage useful. There have been a number of confirmed cases of cholera, mainly in the Constanta region. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline on (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Crimes against tourists (robbery, mugging, pickpocketing, and confidence scams perpetrated by black-market money changers) are a growing problem in Romania. Presently thefts are most likely to occur on trains and at railroad stations. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" which is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Information: Credit cards and travelers checks are of limited utility in Romania. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or sale of illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Adoptions: Recent changes in the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service's definition of an orphan are having a widespread effect on international adoptions. Before traveling to Romania, prospective parents may wish to obtain information about both American visa requirements and Romanian adoption law from the U.S. Embassy in Bucharest. Romanian adoption law mandates criminal penalties for offering money or goods to obtain the release of children for adoption. An information packet on Romanian adoptions is available by writing the Office of Overseas Citizens Services, Room 4817, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, or by telephoning (202) 647-3444. Other Information: Customs regulations prohibit the export of some items from Romania. At the time of departure, tourists may need all receipts for presentation to customs authorities. Persons who participate in or photograph demonstrations risk arrest. Registration: U.S. citizens may register in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy and obtain updated information on travel and security within Romania. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Bucharest, Romania, is located at Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9; telephone (401) 210-40-42. After hours a duty officer may be reached by calling (401) 210-63-84. Consular services for U.S. citizens are performed in the Consular Section located at Strada Filipescu No. 26 (formerly Strada Snagov), one block from the U.S. Embassy at the corner of Strada Batistei. The telephone number of the Consulate is (401) 210-40-42; the Consulate fax number is (401) 211-33-60. No. 94-261 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated April 26, 1994, to update the information on adoptions and to add information on cholera. Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 Photo_2 d)//)/ /RR YR/I/X 7/7/7/7/7/ 7/7/7/7/7/ 7/7/7/7/7/ 7/7/7 U_9U_ U_BUB+U_9 UU9Uo0oUB ?Oe{{v{ eWW:l @R P3PJcPLJ r3*XL!L*3 .t3J..6* S;;3!X D.sDJ*JLJP DSJJD *c;D! ?H:HV:?H:? 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Environment: current issues: deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion natural hazards: periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Zaire international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea Note: landlocked; predominantly rural population THE WORLD FACTBOOK Rwanda People Population: 8,605,307 (July 1995 est.) note: the demographic estimates were prepared before civil strife, starting in April 1994, set in motion substantial and continuing population changes Age structure: 0-14 years: 51% (female 2,184,549; male 2,201,049) 15-64 years: 47% (female 2,034,278; male 1,968,298) 65 years and over: 2% (female 126,255; male 90,878) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.67% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 48.52 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 21.82 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: since April 1994, more than one million refugees have fled the civil strife between the Hutu and Tutsi factions in Rwanda and crossed into Zaire, Burundi, and Tanzania; close to 350,000 Rwandan Tutsis who fled civil strife in earlier years are returning to Rwanda and a few of the recent Hutu refugees are going home despite the danger of doing so; the ethnic violence continues and in 1995 could produce further refugee flows as well as deter returns Infant mortality rate: 118.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 39.33 years male: 38.5 years female: 40.19 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 8.12 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Rwandan(s) adjective: Rwandan Ethnic divisions: Hutu 90%, Tutsi 9%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1% Religions: Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 1%, indigenous beliefs and other 25% Languages: Kinyarwanda (official), French (official), Kiswahili used in commercial centers Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 50% male: 64% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Rwanda People female: 37% Labor force: 3.6 million by occupation: agriculture 93%, government and services 5%, industry and commerce 2% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Rwanda Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Rwanda conventional short form: Rwanda local long form: Republika y'u Rwanda local short form: Rwanda Digraph: RW Type: republic; presidential system note: after genocide and civil war in April 1994, the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front, in July 1994, took power and formed a new government Capital: Kigali Administrative divisions: 10 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture in French; plural - NA, singular - prefegitura in Kinyarwanda); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali, Ruhengeri Independence: 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship) National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962) Constitution: 18 June 1991 Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: NA years of age; universal adult Executive branch: chief of state: President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); took office following the siezure of the government by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front and the exiling of interim President Dr. Theodore SINDIKUBWABO; no future election dates have been set head of government: Prime Minister Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU (since the siezure of power by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front in July 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral National Development Council: (Conseil National de Developpement) elections last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA 1995); results - MRND was the only party; seats - (70 total) MRND 70 Judicial branch: Constitutional Court consists of the Court of Cassation and the Council of State in joint session THE WORLD FACTBOOK Rwanda Government Political parties and leaders: Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), Alexis KANYARENGWE, Chairman; National Revolutionary Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND); significant independent parties include: Democratic Republican Movement (MDR); Liberal Party (PL); Democratic and Socialist Party (PSD); Coalition for the Defense of the Republic (CDR); Party for Democracy in Rwanda (PADER); Christian Democratic Party (PDL) note: formerly a one-party state, Rwanda legalized independent parties in mid-1991 Other political or pressure groups: Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA), the RPF military wing, Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME, commander; Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Joseph W. MUTABOBA chancery: 1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 232-2882 FAX: [1] (202) 232-4544 US diplomatic representation: note: US Embassy closed indefinitely chief of mission: Ambassador David P. RAWSON embassy: Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali mailing address: B. P. 28, Kigali telephone: [250] 756 01 through 03 FAX: [250] 721 28 Flag: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a plain yellow band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Rwanda Economy Overview: Rwanda is a poor African nation suffering bitterly from ethnic-based civil war. Almost 50% of GDP comes from the agricultural sector; coffee and tea make up 80%-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion continue to create problems. The industrial sector in Rwanda is small, contributing only 17% to GDP. Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural products. The Rwandan economy remains dependent on coffee/tea exports and foreign aid. Weak international prices since 1986 have caused the economy to contract and per capita GDP to decline. A structural adjustment program with the World Bank began in October 1990. Ethnic-based insurgency since 1990 has devastated wide areas, especially in the north, and displaced hundreds of thousands of people. A peace accord in mid-1993 temporarily ended most of the fighting, but massive resumption of civil warfare in April 1994 in the capital city Kigali and elsewhere has been taking thousands of lives and severely affecting short-term economic prospects. The economy suffers massively from failure to maintain the infrastructure, looting, neglect of important cash crops, and lack of health care facilities. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.9 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: -8% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $950 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $350 million expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.) Exports: $44 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: coffee 63%, tea, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum partners: Germany, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US Imports: $250 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: textiles, foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material partners: US, Belgium, Germany, Kenya, Japan External debt: $873 million (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -2.2% (1991); accounts for 17% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 60,000 kW production: 190 million kWh consumption per capita: 23 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Rwanda Economy Industries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore), tin, cement, agricultural processing, small-scale beverage production, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes Agriculture: cash crops - coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums); main food crops - bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; stock raising Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $128 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $45 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $58 million note: in October 1990 Rwanda launched a Structural Adjustment Program with the IMF; since September 1991, the EC has given $46 million and the US $25 million in support of this program (1993) Currency: 1 Rwandan franc (RF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1 - 144.3 (3rd quarter 1994), 144.25 (1993), 133.35 (1992), 125.14 (1991), 82.60 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Rwanda Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 4,885 km paved: 880 km unpaved: gravel, sand and gravel 1,305 km; unimproved earth 2,700 km Inland waterways: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft Ports: Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye Airports: total: 7 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Rwanda Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; telephone system does not provide service to the general public but is intended for business and government use local: NA intercity: the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the prefectures by microwave radio relay; the remainder of the network depends on wire and high frequency radio international: international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) and 1 SYMPHONIE earth station in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service) Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Rwanda Defense Forces Branches: Army, Gendarmerie Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,792,326; males fit for military service 913,711 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $112.5 million, 7% of GDP (1992) *RWANDA - Passport and visa required. Multiple-entry visa for stay up to 3 months requires, $20 fee, 2 application forms, 2 photos and immunizations for yellow fever. Exact date of entry into Rwanda required with application. Include prepaid envelope or postage for return of passport by certified mail. Apply at one of the following: Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda, 1714 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/232-2882), Permanent Mission of Rwanda to the U.N., 124 East 39th Street, New York, NY 10016 (212/696-0644/45/46) or the Consulate General in Chicago (708/205-1188) or Denver (303-321-2400). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Rwanda ============================================================ Rwanda - Travel Warning September 12, 1995 The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer travel to Rwanda. Sporadic fighting continues inside Rwanda; border areas in particular have been the sight of low-key insurgent outbreaks. Further, poor communication, transportation, and health services continue to make travel in Rwanda difficult and potentially hazardous. The U.S. Embassy in Kigali resumed consular services July 26, 1995. No. 95-028 This replaces the Travel Warning dated August 4, 1994 to update information on the security situation in Rwanda and to note the resumption of consular services at the U.S. Embassy in Kigali. Rwanda - Consular Information Sheet September 13, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer travel to Rwanda. Sporadic fighting continues inside Rwanda; border areas in particular have been the site of low-key insurgent outbreaks. Further, poor communication, transportation, and health services continue to make travel in Rwanda difficult and potentially hazardous. The U.S. Embassy in Kigali resumed consular services on July 26, 1995. Country Description: Rwanda is a central/east African country recovering from years of ethnic and political strife that culminated in a three-month civil war ending in July 1994. Infrastructure damaged in the war is slowly being repaired but services such as telephone, electricity, and water are not reliable, particularly outside the capital city of Kigali. Tourism facilities in Rwanda are very limited. International air services generally operate on schedule. Public transportation is almost non-existent. Entry Requirements: A passport, a visa, and evidence of yellow fever immunization are required. Airport visas are not available. There is also a departure tax. For entry information, travelers may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda, 1714 New Hampshire Ave., NW, Washington D.C. 20009, Tel: 202-232-2882. Areas of Instability: While there has been no open warfare in Rwanda since July 1994, border areas continue to suffer from low-key insurgent attacks, especially along the western and southern frontiers with Zaire and Burundi, where there are large concentrations of refugees. Although such violence is generally not directed against foreign visitors, there is a danger of being caught in the middle of the fighting. Travelers are subjected to frequent stops at roadblocks throughout the country, during which their vehicles and luggage may be searched. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are extremely limited and dependent on irregular utility service. Trained medical personnel are in short supply; doctors and hospitals usually expect cash payment for services and will not accept U.S. medical insurance. The Medicare/Medicaid Program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage and medical evacuation provision is recommended. Travelers generally bring their own supplies of prescription drugs and preventive medicines. Information on health conditions and precautions may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Pickpocketing in crowded public places is common as is petty theft from cars and hotel rooms. Currency Regulations: The Rwandan Franc is freely exchangeable for hard currencies in bureaux de change and banks. Several Kigali banks can efficiently handle wire transfers from U.S. banks; banks outside Kigali are slowly re-opening. Credit cards are acceptable at only a few hotels in Kigali and travelers should expect to handle most expenses in cash. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who plan to enter Rwanda are urged to register at the U.S. Embassy in Kigali where consular services resumed July 26, 1995. The U.S. Embassy is located at Boulevard de la Revolution, B.P. 28, Kigali. The telephone is (250) 75601/75602 and the fax is (250) 72128. No. 95-110 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued June 7, 1994, to include the updated Travel Warning and to update and revise information about the current situation in Rwanda. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Rwanda ============================================================ Rwanda - Travel Warning September 12, 1995 The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer travel to Rwanda. Sporadic fighting continues inside Rwanda; border areas in particular have been the sight of low-key insurgent outbreaks. Further, poor communication, transportation, and health services continue to make travel in Rwanda difficult and potentially hazardous. The U.S. Embassy in Kigali resumed consular services July 26, 1995. No. 95-028 This replaces the Travel Warning dated August 4, 1994 to update information on the security situation in Rwanda and to note the resumption of consular services at the U.S. Embassy in Kigali. Rwanda - Consular Information Sheet September 13, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer travel to Rwanda. Sporadic fighting continues inside Rwanda; border areas in particular have been the site of low-key insurgent outbreaks. Further, poor communication, transportation, and health services continue to make travel in Rwanda difficult and potentially hazardous. The U.S. Embassy in Kigali resumed consular services on July 26, 1995. Country Description: Rwanda is a central/east African country recovering from years of ethnic and political strife that culminated in a three-month civil war ending in July 1994. Infrastructure damaged in the war is slowly being repaired but services such as telephone, electricity, and water are not reliable, particularly outside the capital city of Kigali. Tourism facilities in Rwanda are very limited. International air services generally operate on schedule. Public transportation is almost non-existent. Entry Requirements: A passport, a visa, and evidence of yellow fever immunization are required. Airport visas are not available. There is also a departure tax. For entry information, travelers may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda, 1714 New Hampshire Ave., NW, Washington D.C. 20009, Tel: 202-232-2882. Areas of Instability: While there has been no open warfare in Rwanda since July 1994, border areas continue to suffer from low-key insurgent attacks, especially along the western and southern frontiers with Zaire and Burundi, where there are large concentrations of refugees. Although such violence is generally not directed against foreign visitors, there is a danger of being caught in the middle of the fighting. Travelers are subjected to frequent stops at roadblocks throughout the country, during which their vehicles and luggage may be searched. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are extremely limited and dependent on irregular utility service. Trained medical personnel are in short supply; doctors and hospitals usually expect cash payment for services and will not accept U.S. medical insurance. The Medicare/Medicaid Program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage and medical evacuation provision is recommended. Travelers generally bring their own supplies of prescription drugs and preventive medicines. Information on health conditions and precautions may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Pickpocketing in crowded public places is common as is petty theft from cars and hotel rooms. Currency Regulations: The Rwandan Franc is freely exchangeable for hard currencies in bureaux de change and banks. Several Kigali banks can efficiently handle wire transfers from U.S. banks; banks outside Kigali are slowly re-opening. Credit cards are acceptable at only a few hotels in Kigali and travelers should expect to handle most expenses in cash. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens who plan to enter Rwanda are urged to register at the U.S. Embassy in Kigali where consular services resumed July 26, 1995. The U.S. Embassy is located at Boulevard de la Revolution, B.P. 28, Kigali. The telephone is (250) 75601/75602 and the fax is (250) 72128. No. 95-110 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued June 7, 1994, to include the updated Travel Warning and to update and revise information about the current situation in Rwanda. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights RWANDA JoVo{G language LL{b^ ,A8=88 #$1$1 {VV{b 1#1$$ Ib{Lb b=VVL 11#J1 1J1$$1# m8=m" L={{5mC 5VL"5V ,55V" Cb{VL CmbV, VLLVb m{V=,{ CtFFTF {V5V, gwNNw^ NN4R+W4+@4 +4;w@w@R+ +N+w4;+ eAbmC{CL 5,eVLm b5mm5LC ;NUN^ wRW^^ ryFMM 5oTU-b _N;#^+w4 NU4R(N(^@N PjF|j 4W+wg 4@R;G+ sMjAPd -pFtI FYTF|c }*3030303 03030>dTMFF MMtZ\ ZYp-v TFFMjFtbz ,c%sjFjbz ,VmLV, {b5Cb VVC,{V 8|db| ,"5"= mLCmVLVLVL bbmmbCCbmm bmmVV ##?# %?? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Saint Kitts and Nevis Map Button Image & THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Kitts and Nevis Geography Location: Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 269 sq km land area: 269 sq km comparative area: slightly more than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 135 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: subtropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) Terrain: volcanic with mountainous interiors Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: 22% permanent crops: 17% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 17% other: 41% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: hurricanes (July to October) international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Kitts and Nevis People Population: 40,992 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 35% (female 7,072; male 7,430) 15-64 years: 57% (female 11,784; male 11,756) 65 years and over: 8% (female 1,729; male 1,221) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.85% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 23.49 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.56 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -5.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 19.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.51 years male: 63.51 years female: 69.69 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.56 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Kittsian(s), Nevisian(s) adjective: Kittsian, Nevisian Ethnic divisions: black African Religions: Anglican, other Protestant sects, Roman Catholic Languages: English Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1980) total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% Labor force: 20,000 (1981) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Kitts and Nevis Government Names: conventional long form: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis conventional short form: Saint Kitts and Nevis former: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis Digraph: SC Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Basseterre Administrative divisions: 14 parishs; Christ Church Nichola Town, Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint George Gingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capisterre, Saint John Figtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capisterre, Saint Paul Charlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point Independence: 19 September 1983 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 19 September (1983) Constitution: 19 September 1983 Legal system: based on English common law Suffrage: NA years of age; universal adult Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Clement Athelston ARRINDELL (since 19 September 1983, previously Governor General of theWest Indies Associated States since NA November 1981) head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Kennedy Alphonse SIMMONDS (since 19 September 1983, previously Premier of the West Indies Associated States since NA February 1980); Deputy Prime Minister Hugh HEYLIGER (since November 1994) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general in consultation with the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral House of Assembly: elections last held 29 November 1993 (next to be held by 15 November 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (14 total, 11 elected) PAM 4, SKNLP 4, NRP 1, CCM 2 Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia) Political parties and leaders: People's Action Movement (PAM), Dr. Kennedy SIMMONDS; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party (SKNLP), Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS; Nevis Reformation Party (NRP), Simeon DANIEL; Concerned Citizens Movement (CCM), Vance AMORY Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS (associate), IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, OAS, OECS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Kitts and Nevis Government Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Erstein Mallet EDWARDS chancery: Suite 608, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 833-3550 FAX: [1] (202) 833-3553 US diplomatic representation: no official presence; covered by embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados Flag: divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Kitts and Nevis Economy Overview: The economy has traditionally depended on the growing and processing of sugarcane; decreasing world prices have hurt the industry in recent years. Tourism and export-oriented manufacturing have begun to assume larger roles, although they still only account for 7% and 4% of GDP respectively. Growth in the construction and tourism sectors spurred the economic expansion in 1994. Most food is imported. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $210 million (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $5,300 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.6% (1993) Unemployment rate: 12.2% (1990) Budget: revenues: $103.2 million expenditures: $102.6 million, including capital expenditures of $50.1 million (1995 est.) Exports: $32.4 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: machinery, food, electronics, beverages and tobacco partners: US 50%, UK 30%, CARICOM nations 11% (1992) Imports: $100 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: machinery, manufactures, food, fuels partners: US 43%, CARICOM nations 18%, UK 12%, Canada 4%, Japan 4%, OECS 4% (1992) External debt: $43.3 million (1992) Industrial production: growth rate 5.9% (1992 est.) Electricity: capacity: 15,800 kW production: 45 million kWh consumption per capita: 990 kWh (1993) Industries: sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages Agriculture: accounts for 17% of GDP; cash crop - sugarcane; subsistence crops - rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fishing potential not fully exploited Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY85-88), $10.7 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $67 million Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Kitts and Nevis Economy Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Kitts and Nevis Transportation Railroads: total: 58 km on Saint Kitts for sugarcane narrow gauge: 58 km 0.760-m gauge Highways: total: 300 km paved: 125 km unpaved: otherwise improved 125 km; unimproved earth 50 km Ports: Basseterre, Charlestown Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Kitts and Nevis Communications Telephone system: 2,400 telephones; good interisland VHF/UHF/SHF radio connections and international link via Antigua and Barbuda and Saint Martin local: NA intercity: interisland links are handled by VHF/UHF/SHF radio; within the islands all calls are local international: international calls are carried by radio to Antigua and Barbuda and there switched to submarine cable or to INTELSAT, or carried to Saint Martin by radio and switched to INTELSAT Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 4 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Forces Branches: Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force, Coast Guard Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS - Proof of U.S. citizenship, photo ID and onward/return ticket required for stay up to 6 months. AIDS test required for work permit, residency or student visas; U.S. test is accepted. For further information consult Embassy of St. Kitts and Nevis, 2501 M St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 (202/833-3550) or Permanent Mission to the U.N., 414 East 75th St., Fifth Floor, New York, NY 10021 (212/535-1234). St. Kitts & Nevis - Consular Information Sheet September 7, 1994 Country Description: St. Kitts and Nevis is a developing island nation. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For stays of up to six months, U.S. citizens need proof of U.S. citizenship, photo identification, and a return/onward ticket. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of St. Kitts and Nevis, 2100 M Street N.W., Suite 608, Washington, D.C. 20037, tel: (202) 833-3550 or the permanent mission to the United Nations in New York. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplementary medical insurance specifically covering overseas problems has proved to be useful. For additional health information, travelers may contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332- 4559. Crime Information: Petty street crime occurs but is unusual. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside of the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In June 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed St. Kitts and Nevis' civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Organization of Eastern Caribbean States' carriers operating to and from the U.S. However, during its assessment, the FAA noted that Organization of Eastern Caribbean States' operations to destinations other than the U.S. are not provided a similar level of safety oversight. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: The United States does not maintain an embassy in St. Kitts and Nevis. For assistance, U.S. citizens may contact the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados, which is located in the American Life Insurance Company (ALICO) Building, Cheapside, telephone (809) 431-0225. U.S. citizens may obtain from the U.S. Embassy updated information on travel and security in St. Kitts and Nevis and the other islands for which the U.S. Embassy is responsible. No. 94-195 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 27, 1993 by adding information on aviation oversight and to reflect a change in the U.S. Embassy responsible for this jurisdiction. Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SAINT_KI 4E@E{G rE^EM language TXTWGc gg}JKR ON}I> eNyzHXR JHOJR#N r{cNR Ijdfd NRRNR RNNRNVRNRR RNPPNNPNVN VPVNVVNqhP hqqPqhcc]_ _NNRV NN_xNR_xNW NPNNWNP[ RPVRPPRRPR VPPRVRPVVR \TKKGKR6N TGHNi{cJR5N \WR\WR\\WR RWRWNN\\R\ \WRRWEN WNWNWWNMR \ZNRWNNR RNWWRDN Rmmi{m {cm}im_W }iimR {GR5N ]m\NceNmr] bcrc]riWmr Ri_]bbWNmm Wir]ceCN \NWNRR RRNRRNN NWNNRNNR f{HW4N RNNRRNRRN NRRNRRNR RNNRRNRRNR 5f*5j5 ICKJNM QNSMNJJC NRPVRVVNVG _OVRV5N PNPRRNVNPP NPPVPJN PNqhqhhqq_ qhqqxqP _h__xhqq5N cNxRNPRNq RPNVNVWPWW VNVVP 9-ks)E~k B-wa/9 TGHGKRWKGK RWKNi Jr}NR RTGK_ iJWXT RKJKT \]RWRWW\\W \N\NW\NW]N WRN]RN\WWN \N\=N \rxrxrxrxr rxrxxrxrxr xrxrxrxrxr xxcNP6N RNNRNN RWNWRWRR H)G9N N*R7N mNR;N mNR;N {NW N icNR] iNbRN\ NcrNcWRNNP WWNRW RWR\RNRNNW RWNNRN rPW4N bNR3N iNR4N N\RNRRWWN WNRW\)N N]RNWW NNmbbirrR GbTXR rNW)N eNR*N R\\]N rNNm_bmN RRWNiR/N WNNWWRRWNW WNW\RNNRNN \WR>N RNqhNP N\R?N P[VNVV[PP[ RNV[P[ RRP[HJGrr NRNRWNR NRN\RN NRW7N P\_b_N] RM]bNNWb]N Zbb]NMNNR_ b_RNNRR VVP_b_ \NRWWN\WWN \N\ N JNPPNO3N MNNRW\WR VPPVVP MRPPW Nh_PR PP[VN[PNPN NZRNNR bebNNW\RNN bcRN]e]N_c ebb_cWWcec RbecNRbebN s&7)k bR]NR] ]WNRWRRWRW hhqq[NhqVq k"7)k ]NW]W WRNR\NRNWN RR\NWRWNWW NRRNWRR&N RV]NRNPRV] PRNVP WNirW\NNWN PNNRVRPRNR VN]_NVNNPV NRVNPV N s&7&k RNWNr imrii mci}iR{ b{bcm r]mic{im a7/ | k)/&k bNWRNr bNOJirRR W]WNN_ RRNR]]WW]\ NR]R\RR\ WXKHON\]W W]\XN }NRNmW NcmRN} NNieNcm NN]rNWNR2N W\NNW\RW NRN\W\RR\R WW\R\WNR\N \RW\0N RNNRRNNW\N RRNRR OHTeN JKRfN TXKGi JJR]}t!> v97)k RH}D? RWWh\ rQQ\N ^JKOR Q]Q\N RNmXKWRR UCLM\N /2-/2/22-2 2//2/--2/ //2/-/2--/ 2-//2/ 2/-2//2//2 2--/2// //--22 /2--/;;1LM ;/-&$ &6:4) /&"- $/$"+) &: 7 +:690 $ -2$$ )) -< ) 6<) /)) $$/ )+ )+$ $/:- ))-/6 9/ -96:7/ :7" 7:6:+7 66$ -)) ). LMM{N ~)9-k s&942A s~aA2-a a-<,Ea-< B)8-k>p[ p??p[ p@@p[ pAAp[ pBBp[ pCCp[ pDDp[ pEEp[ pFFp[ pGGp[ pHHp[ pIIp[ pJJp[ pKKp[ pLLp[ pMMp[ pNNp[ pOOp[ pPPp[ !,!,! {T,!! xLKLmLK LmLKLmLKLm LKLmLKLmLK LmLKLmLKLm LKLmLKLmLK LmLKLmLKLm LKLmLKLmLK LmLKLmLKLm LKLmLKLmLK LmLKLmLKLm LKLmLKLmLK LmLKLmLKLm LKLmLKLmLK LmLKLmLKLL Saint Lucia Map Button Image & THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Lucia Geography Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 620 sq km land area: 610 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 158 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August Terrain: volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys Natural resources: forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential Land use: arable land: 8% permanent crops: 20% meadows and pastures: 5% forest and woodland: 13% other: 54% Irrigated land: 10 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region natural hazards: hurricanes and volcanic activity international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Lucia People Population: 156,050 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 35% (female 26,710; male 27,255) 15-64 years: 60% (female 47,584; male 46,326) 65 years and over: 5% (female 5,040; male 3,135) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.17% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 22.48 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.1 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -4.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 20.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.88 years male: 66.33 years female: 73.67 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.37 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Saint Lucian(s) adjective: Saint Lucian Ethnic divisions: African descent 90.3%, mixed 5.5%, East Indian 3.2%, Caucasian 0.8% Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 7%, Anglican 3% Languages: English (official), French patois Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1980) total population: 67% male: 65% female: 69% Labor force: 43,800 by occupation: agriculture 43.4%, services 38.9%, industry and commerce 17.7% (1983 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Lucia Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Lucia Digraph: ST Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Castries Administrative divisions: 11 quarters; Anse La Raye, Castries, Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin, Soufriere, Vieux Fort Independence: 22 February 1979 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 22 February (1979) Constitution: 22 February 1979 Legal system: based on English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Stanislaus Anthony JAMES (since 10 October 1988) head of government: Prime Minister John George Melvin COMPTON (since 3 May 1982) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of an 11-member body, 6 appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups House of Assembly: elections last held 27 April 1992 (next to be held by April 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (17 total) UWP 11, SLP 6 Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: United Workers' Party (UWP), John COMPTON; Saint Lucia Labor Party (SLP), Julian HUNTE; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Jon ODLUM Member of: ACCT (associate), ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), NAM, OAS, OECS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Joseph Edsel EDMUNDS chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Lucia Government FAX: [1] (202) 364-6728 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: no official presence since the Ambassador resides in Bridgetown (Barbados) Flag: blue with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Lucia Economy Overview: Though foreign investment in manufacturing and information processing in recent years has increased Saint Lucia's industrial base, the economy remains vulnerable due to its heavy dependence on banana production, which is subject to periodic droughts and tropical storms. Indeed, the destructive effect of Tropical Storm Debbie in mid-1994 caused the loss of 60% of the year's banana crop. Increased competition from Latin American bananas will probably further reduce market prices, exacerbating Saint Lucia's need to diversify its economy in coming years, e.g., by expanding tourism, manufacturing, and construction National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $610 million (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $4,200 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.8% (1993) Unemployment rate: 25% (1993 est.) Budget: revenues: $121 million expenditures: $127 million, including capital expenditures of $104 million (1992 est.) Exports: $122.8 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: bananas 60%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil partners: UK 56%, US 22%, CARICOM 19% (1991) Imports: $276 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 21%, food and live animals, chemicals, fuels partners: US 34%, CARICOM 17%, UK 14%, Japan 7%, Canada 4% (1991) External debt: $96.4 million (1992 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 3.5% (1990 est.); accounts for 12% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 20,000 kW production: 112 million kWh consumption per capita: 693 kWh (1993) Industries: clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism, lime processing, coconut processing Agriculture: accounts for 14% of GDP and 43% of labor force; crops - bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus fruit, root crops, cocoa; imports food for the tourist industry Illicit drugs: transit country for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Lucia Economy Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $120 million Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Lucia Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 760 km paved: 500 km unpaved: otherwise improved 260 km Ports: Castries, Vieux Fort Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Lucia Communications Telephone system: 9,500 telephones local: low density (6 telephones/100 persons) but the system is automatically switched intercity: no intercity traffic international: direct microwave link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; interisland troposcatter link to Barbados Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 cable televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Lucia Defense Forces Branches: Royal Saint Lucia Police Force, Coast Guard Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP !SAINT LUCIA - Passport (or proof of U.S. citizenship and photo ID) and return/onward ticket required for stay up to 6 months. For additional information contact Embassy of Saint Lucia, 2100 M St., N.W., Suite 309, Washington, D.C. 20037 (202/463-7378/9) or Permanent Mission to the U.N., 820 Second St., 9th Floor, New York, NY 10017 (212/697-9360). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - St. Lucia ============================================================ St. Lucia - Consular Information Sheet October 18, 1995 Country Description: St. Lucia is a developing island nation. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For stays of up to six months, U. S. citizens may enter St. Lucia without a passport, but must carry an original document proving U.S. citizenship, photo identification, and a return/onward ticket. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of St. Lucia, 3216 New Mexico Ave., Washington, D.C. 20016, tel: (202) 364-6792 or the permanent mission to the United Nations in New York. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases supplementary medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559 or the CDC fax information service at (404) 332-4565. Crime Information: Petty street crime occurs. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines. Aviation Oversight: In June 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed St. Lucia's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Organization of Eastern Caribbean States carriers operating to and from the U.S. However, during its assessment, the FAA noted that the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States' operations to destinations other than the U.S. are not provided a similar level of safety oversight. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: The United States does not maintain an embassy in St. Lucia. U.S. citizens requiring assistance can contact the U.S. Embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados; telephone (809) 436-4950. The Consular Section of the Embassy is located in the American Life Insurance Company (Alico) Building, Cheapside, Bridgetown: telephone (809) 431-0225. U.S. citizens may obtain from that Embassy updated information on travel and security within the area. No. 95-127 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 7, 1994, with no change following periodic review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - St. Lucia ============================================================ St. Lucia - Consular Information Sheet October 18, 1995 Country Description: St. Lucia is a developing island nation. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: For stays of up to six months, U. S. citizens may enter St. Lucia without a passport, but must carry an original document proving U.S. citizenship, photo identification, and a return/onward ticket. For further information concerning entry requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of St. Lucia, 3216 New Mexico Ave., Washington, D.C. 20016, tel: (202) 364-6792 or the permanent mission to the United Nations in New York. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases supplementary medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559 or the CDC fax information service at (404) 332-4565. Crime Information: Petty street crime occurs. Valuables left unattended on beaches are subject to theft. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. A birth certificate and/or driver's license generally cannot be replaced outside the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines. Aviation Oversight: In June 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed St. Lucia's civil aviation authority as in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Organization of Eastern Caribbean States carriers operating to and from the U.S. However, during its assessment, the FAA noted that the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States' operations to destinations other than the U.S. are not provided a similar level of safety oversight. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: The United States does not maintain an embassy in St. Lucia. U.S. citizens requiring assistance can contact the U.S. Embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados; telephone (809) 436-4950. The Consular Section of the Embassy is located in the American Life Insurance Company (Alico) Building, Cheapside, Bridgetown: telephone (809) 431-0225. U.S. citizens may obtain from that Embassy updated information on travel and security within the area. No. 95-127 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 7, 1994, with no change following periodic review. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SAINT_LU 4XtWj language *L*%* .Dg## lNR0N RUNUNUURR RUURUURUNU URUNRURRZR UNUR?N RRNRNURNRR R]RNR Nwblwb xp]pphpNh w_pb>N s[0DnDg RNhlNNh__w l]bhw]hwbb wiRiU N]wh_plNhb:N NUNNUNRRNN RZRNl RRNNRNNRRN NRNRNRNNRR NRRNR7N U]RRp hNR-N ZZRNRb R]QQP_ RURN_ bNZ+N NNKNF bRZU)N 2{LLjLe! 2eL{L wNU&N ]NR%N _NR%N hNR%N lNR&N hNR&N _NR^N wNU_N wNU`N iNR^N wNU_N bNR`N hNR`N hNR_N hNR^N _NR]N R*Z,N xPU*N pNU\N wNU+N lNR\N xNU,N xNU,N xNU-N xNU-N pNU]N xNU-N xNU/N xNU.N xNU.N xNU^N xNU/N xNU0N xNU1N xNU1N OPHCv Z]RNZNRZNU ]]RNZNNZRN XSHHM hNU`N RNNRRNZTPR PN`HNOVN bNR_N ]NR^N b]RaN UNRUbN wNUNb N_RcN RNNRRNRRNR UNNRRNN_ U]UNNZUNNU NZ]]UNZR RR]]UNRNh xNU9N xNU9N xNU:N hNRfN xNU;N xNU:N xNU:N iNR a1;776+ 171+67;+1= +B1+1=7 :H RZRNUNURUR RUNURRUZNP ]UUZUUZRN U UNUNNRRNRN bhpbNNRRN Nhh_lpiRN pNN_lN RNN_lNRNNR RRNNRZNUUR RUUNNR NZRZZRU ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; e7ppO 27pp6m Nbr. 8.L-3." Saint Pierre and Miquelon Map Button Image ! THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon Header Affiliation: (territorial collectivity of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon Geography Location: Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Map references: North America Area: total area: 242 sq km land area: 242 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 120 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France Climate: cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy Terrain: mostly barren rock Natural resources: fish, deepwater ports Land use: arable land: 13% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 4% other: 83% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard international agreements: NA Note: vegetation scanty THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon People Population: 6,757 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 0.78% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 13.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.83 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 10.77 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76 years male: 74.4 years female: 77.92 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.67 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French Ethnic divisions: Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) Religions: Roman Catholic 98% Languages: French Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982) total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% Labor force: 2,850 (1988) by occupation: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon Government Names: conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon Digraph: SB Type: territorial collectivity of France Capital: Saint-Pierre Administrative divisions: none (territorial collectivity of France) Independence: none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) Legal system: French law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981) head of government: Commissioner of the Republic Yves HENRY (since NA December 1993); President of the General Council Gerard GRIGNON (since NA April 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers Legislative branch: unicameral General Council: elections last held NA April 1994 (next to be held NA April 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (19 total) seats by party NA French Senate: elections last held NA September 1986 (next to be held NA September 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) PS 1 French National Assembly: elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA June 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) UDF 1 Judicial branch: Superior Tribunal of Appeals (Tribunal Superieur d'Appel) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party (PS), Albert PEN; Union for French Democracy (UDF/CDS), Gerard GRIGNON Member of: FZ, WFTU Diplomatic representation in US: none (territorial collectivity of France) US diplomatic representation: none (territorial collectivity of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon Government Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon Economy Overview: The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre has dropped steadily over the years. In March 1989, an agreement between France and Canada set fish quotas for Saint Pierre's trawlers fishing in Canadian and Canadian-claimed waters for three years. The agreement settles a longstanding dispute that had virtually brought fish exports to a halt. The islands are heavily subsidized by France. Imports come primarily from Canada and France. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $66 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $10,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: 9.6% (1990) Budget: revenues: $18.3 million expenditures: $18.3 million, including capital expenditures of $5.5 million (1989 est.) Exports: $30 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.) commodities: fish and fish products, fox and mink pelts partners: US 58%, France 17%, UK 11%, Canada, Portugal (1990) Imports: $82 million (c.i.f., 1991 est.) commodities: meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials partners: Canada, France, US, Netherlands, UK External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 10,000 kW production: 50 million kWh consumption per capita: 6,013 kWh (1993) Industries: fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism Agriculture: vegetables, cattle, sheep, pigs for local consumption; fish catch of 20,500 metric tons (1989) Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $500 million Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon Economy Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 120 km paved: 60 km unpaved: earth 60 km (1985) Ports: Saint Pierre Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon Communications Telephone system: 3,601 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: radio communication with most countries in the world; 1 satellite link in French domestic satellite system Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Saint Pierre and Miquelon Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of France ST. PIERRE - Proof of U.S. citizenship and photo ID required for visit up to 3 months. For specific information consult Embassy of France (202/944-6000). 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**37*73*7* 37**C**73* 7*37**37*7 3*7*37**C* *73*7*37*7 *C*37*C* 373*C*3737 37373*C*C* 3*C*373*C* 373737373* C*C*3*C*37 3*C*73_ 3737**C*37 *373737373 *C*C*3*C*3 73*C*37373 7373*C*C*3 *C*373*C*3 73|3jW 3j37*C** 7p*7*37**p **73*7*p*7 *C**7p*7*3 7**p**73*7 *p*7*C**7p *7*p3@ @CW)7**C3* Cp*7*37**p **73*7*p*7 *C**7p*7*3 7**p**73*7 *p*7*C**7p *7*37** *p *C*)C*32 3*C)373)C* 323*C)373) C*323*C)37 3)C*323*C) 373)C*323* C)37* Wp*p3 *C* *23*C)373) C*323*C)37 3)C*323*C) 373)C*323* C)373)C*32 3*C)373)C* |j)7)*2* )7)*2*)7)* 2*)7)*2*)7 )*2*)7)*2* )7)*2*)7)* 2*)7)*2*)7 )*2*?5 _Ap*32 *)7)*2*)7) *2*)7)*2*) 7)*2*)7)*2 *)7)*2*)7) *2*)7)*2*) 7)*2*)7)*2 p p pPpOkP& Sao Tome and Principe Map Button Image * THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sao Tome and Principe Geography Location: Western Africa, island in the Atlantic Ocean, straddling the equator, west of Gabon Map references: Africa Area: total area: 960 sq km land area: 960 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 5.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 209 km Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) Terrain: volcanic, mountainous Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 20% meadows and pastures: 1% forest and woodland: 75% other: 3% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sao Tome and Principe People Population: 140,423 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (female 27,995; male 28,452) 15-64 years: 55% (female 38,846; male 38,619) 65 years and over: 5% (female 3,615; male 2,896) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.62% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 34.94 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 62.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.65 years male: 61.76 years female: 65.59 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.44 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Sao Tomean(s) adjective: Sao Tomean Ethnic divisions: mestico, angolares (descendents of Angolan slaves), forros (descendents of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) Religions: Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist Languages: Portuguese (official) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991) total population: 73% male: 85% female: 62% Labor force: most of population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; labor shortages on plantations and of skilled workers THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sao Tome and Principe Government Names: conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe local short form: Sao Tome e Principe Digraph: TP Type: republic Capital: Sao Tome Administrative divisions: 2 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Principe, Sao Tome Independence: 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) National holiday: Independence Day, 12 July (1975) Constitution: approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990 Legal system: based on Portuguese law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Miguel TROVOADA (since 4 April 1991); election last held 3 March 1991 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Miguel TROVOADA was elected without opposition in Sao Tome's first multiparty presidential election head of government: Prime Minister Carlos da GRACA (since 25 October 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral National People's Assembly: (Assembleia Popular Nacional) parliament dissolved by President TROVOADA in July 1994; early elections held 2 October 1994; results - MLSTP 27%, PCD-GR 25.5%, ADI 25.5%; seats - (55 total) MLSTP 27, PCD-GR 14, ADI 14 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Party for Democratic Convergence-Reflection Group (PCD-GR), Daniel Lima Dos Santos DAIO, secretary general; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), Carlos da GRACA; Christian Democratic Front (FDC), Alphonse Dos SANTOS; Democratic Opposition Coalition (CODO), leader NA; Independent Democratic Action (ADI), Gabriel COSTA; other small parties Member of: ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sao Tome and Principe Government Diplomatic representation in US: Sao Tome and Principe has no embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos AUGUSTO Ferreira, located at 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604, New York, NY 10168, telephone [1] (212) 697-4211 US diplomatic representation: ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands Flag: three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sao Tome and Principe Economy Overview: This small poor island economy has remained dependent on cocoa since independence 20 years ago. Since then, however, cocoa production has gradually declined because of drought and mismanagement, so that by 1987 annual output had fallen from 10,000 tons to 3,900 tons. As a result, a shortage of cocoa for export has created a serious balance-of-payments problem. Production of less important crops, such as coffee, copra, and palm kernels, has also declined. The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports by a ratio of 4:1 or more. The emphasis on cocoa production at the expense of other food crops has meant that Sao Tome has to import 90% of food needs. It also has to import all fuels and most manufactured goods. Over the years, Sao Tome has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies and to encourage market-based mechanisms, e. g., to facilitate the distribution of imported food. Annual GDP growth is estimated in the 3%-4% range for 1994-96. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $133 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $1,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 27% (1992 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $10.2 million expenditures: $36.8 million, including capital expenditures of $22.5 million (1989 est.) Exports: $5.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: cocoa 78%, copra, coffee, palm oil (1992) partners: Netherlands, Germany, China, Portugal Imports: $31.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: machinery and electrical equipment 44%, food products 18%, petroleum 11% (1992) partners: Portugal, Japan, Spain, France, Angola External debt: $237 million (1993) Industrial production: growth rate 1% (1991); accounts for 7% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 5,000 kW production: 17 million kWh consumption per capita: 105 kWh (1993) Industries: light construction, shirts, soap, beer, fisheries, shrimp processing THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sao Tome and Principe Economy Agriculture: accounts for 25% of GDP; dominant sector of economy, primary source of exports; cash crops - cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, coffee; food products - bananas, papaya, beans, poultry, fish; not self-sufficient in food grain and meat Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $8 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $89 million Currency: 1 dobra (Db) = 100 centimos Exchange rates: dobras (Db) per US$1 - 129.59 (1 July 1993), 230 (1992), 260.0 (November 1991), 122.48 (December 1988), 72.827 (1987) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sao Tome and Principe Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 300 km paved: 200 km unpaved: 100 km note: roads on Principe are mostly unpaved and in need of repair Ports: Santo Antonio, Sao Tome Merchant marine: total: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,096 GRT/1,105 DWT Airports: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sao Tome and Principe Communications Telephone system: NA; minimal system local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sao Tome and Principe Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, National Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 33,789; males fit for military service 17,752 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE - Passport and visa required. Tourist/business visa for visit up to 2 weeks, requires 2 application forms, 2 photos and yellow fever immunization card, letter stating purpose of travel and $15 fee (money orders only). Company letter is required for a business visa. Enclose prepaid envelope or postage for return of passport by certified or special delivery mail. Apply Permanent Mission of Sao Tome and Principe to the U.N., 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604, New York, NY 10168 (212/697-4211). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Sao Tome and Principe ============================================================ Sao Tome and Principe - Public Announcement August 17, 1995 U.S. Department of State Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The U.S. Embassy in Gabon, which has jurisdiction over American interests in the country of Sao Tome and Principe, reports a coup d'etat occurred on August 15 in Sao Tome, the capital city of Sao Tome and Principe. The Embassy further reports the military forces of Sao Tome and Principe took into custody the President, the Prime Minister and other government officials and blocked access around the presidential palace. There have been no reports of gunfire and no evidence of violence. The military has announced an 8:00 p.m. curfew. For further information on travel to Sao Tome and Principe, consult the Department of State's Consular Information Sheet of August 25, 1994 or contact the U.S. Embassy in Libreville, Gabon, at (241)762003/4 or 743492. No. 95-Sao ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Sao Tome & Principe ============================================================ Sao Tome and Principe - Consular Information Sheet November 15, 1995 Country Description: Sao Tome and Principe is an island nation with a population of 120,000, located off the west coast of Africa. Per capita income is less than $1000 per year. Facilities for tourism are limited but adequate. The national language is Portuguese. Entry Requirements: Information about entry requirements may be obtained from the Permanent Mission of Sao Tome and Principe, 122 East 42nd St., Suite 1604, New York, N.Y. 10168, telephone (212) 697-4211. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Sao Tome and Principe are limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside of the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including a provision for medical evacuation, has proved to be useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Incidents of crime occur. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate, which is in Libreville, Gabon. U.S. State Department pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. U.S. Representation: There is no U.S. Embassy in Sao Tome and Principe. U.S. citizens in Sao Tome and Principe needing assistance may contact the U.S. Embassy in Libreville, Gabon, located on the Boulevard de la Mer. The mailing address is B.P. 4000, Libreville, Gabon. The telephone is (241) 762003/4 or (214) 743492. No. 95-140 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 25, 1994, to update the country description and the information on crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Portuguese Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SAO_TOME language Wa\CW XRSU%W W\YBW UUP)l zY\@W rV^^ W nWY\>W gW^^W YWszY~ns Y\\r^ vjznj nWscxjnWng gjWW_^W\\W YaWY\ Y\YYWYYW\W WYYWYYIW PQVpW H=??=; =>8C<55<>C<55 5>CC8;QWUnW ?5C33 9C9>44>35> ;C939C5335 334434;>43 >44>344334 335C>359> 3*4;;3*35* -4-*4>3*-9 =4**;3``3fN4 4pi-988;5J p`if83JuJ- HffNffN`f` 53`i@4 3``3fN`fi` ffN3BpJJ48 49QWUnW 35;;5J 9QWUnW 3>8>3 *N`4C- u*CH* f$BCQWUnW 4yB-p *C8>3 N5>5N 3p i3QWUnW `4;5Hi- `3;8=3 NfBfB`pCNi H`iB5;4p`- NpJHiJ`pB5 5Bp`3>QWUnW *C33*5;; 3--4;85J 5*-3*44*3; 89**9; ;33*4=3*3* *98>3*- J34933p 4533>;8>34 *45439 ;8>34>9QWUnW B<84NN-4 EN?ENE$= ?5-*33-8? ?5-5? 8-4? = QWUnW ZWQDAD::DD DGGDDGD QWUnW XX-UqW WvUqW \^YW\W^Y^W YYW\YY\\WY _\\^\\^WW\ YWW^\\^^Wx Y\Y\WW\WYW Y\WY^^YWWn ^YWYWWY YW\YY YWaxcns\WW YWW\Wx Wsjcvsn x~zs~vv a^sczc zYsccssjWY YWWYWz cjWYYWcjWY WW\YWanWYW YYWW\\W^\Y \_\^YY\\ \Y^Y\\^Y^Y W^Y^^Y\WWY ^Y^^Yx ##?# %?? 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'?Bl'l'lBl $.AE E ^u RQ RFQQd $:;d +eM0 W[r=(Z |^60> &$(O: .$[8{ $ 6\_) d0=$ ? >rbRekA [} $c BEE8\ |yr&9 $ 8& $X u&$ehh l AAB eRsO" NO(M64 9Wc,( k<&$X (e8uW 84(>T --11-1 -11-1 -11-1- 1--1- --1-- 11--1-- --11--1- --11- --1-11- 1-11- 11-11- 11--11- --1-1 1--11 -1--1 --11- -1-1- -11-1- -11--11-1- 11--1 -1-11- -1--1 1-11-- 11--11 1--1-11 1-11- 1-1-1 Senegal Map Button Image 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania Map references: Africa Area: total area: 196,190 sq km land area: 192,000 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than South Dakota Land boundaries: total 2,640 km, The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km Coastline: 531 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: short section of the boundary with The Gambia is indefinite; boundary with Mauritania in dispute; Climate: tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (December to April) has strong southeast winds; dry season (May to November) dominated by hot, dry harmattan wind Terrain: generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast Natural resources: fish, phosphates, iron ore Land use: arable land: 27% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 30% forest and woodland: 31% other: 12% Irrigated land: 1,800 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing natural hazards: lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Dumping Note: The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal People Population: 9,007,080 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 45% (female 2,004,514; male 2,021,251) 15-64 years: 52% (female 2,398,609; male 2,301,236) 65 years and over: 3% (female 140,128; male 141,342) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.12% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 42.87 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 11.64 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 73.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 57.16 years male: 55.65 years female: 58.71 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.03 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Senegalese (singular and plural) adjective: Senegalese Ethnic divisions: Wolof 36%, Fulani 17%, Serer 17%, Toucouleur 9%, Diola 9%, Mandingo 9%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 2% Religions: Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2% (mostly Roman Catholic) Languages: French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Diola, Mandingo Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1988) total population: 27% male: 37% female: 18% Labor force: 2.509 million (77% are engaged in subsistence farming; 175,000 wage earners) by occupation: private sector 40%, government and parapublic 60% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Senegal conventional short form: Senegal local long form: Republique du Senegal local short form: Senegal Digraph: SG Type: republic under multiparty democratic rule Capital: Dakar Administrative divisions: 10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor Independence: 20 August 1960 (from France; The Gambia and Senegal signed an agreement on 12 December 1981 that called for the creation of a loose confederation to be known as Senegambia, but the agreement was dissolved on 30 September 1989) National holiday: Independence Day, 4 April (1960) Constitution: 3 March 1963, revised 1991 Legal system: based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court, which also audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Abdou DIOUF (since 1 January 1981); election last held 21 February 1993 (next to be held NA February 2000); results - Abdou DIOUF (PS) 58.4%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 32.03%, other 9.57% head of government: Prime Minister Habib THIAM (since 7 April 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 9 May 1993 (next to be held NA May 1998); results - PS 70%, PDS 23%, other 7%; seats - (120 total) PS 84, PDS 27, LD-MPT 3, Let Us Unite Senegal 3, PIT 2, UDS-R 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party (PS), President Abdou DIOUF; Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), Abdoulaye WADE; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement (LD-MPT), Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY; Independent Labor Party (PIT), Amath DANSOKHO; Senegalese Democratic Union-Renewal (UDS-R), Mamadou Puritain FALL; Let Us Unite Senegal (coalition of African Party for Democracy and Socialism and National Democratic Rally); other small uninfluential parties Other political or pressure groups: students; teachers; labor; Muslim Brotherhoods THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal Government Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNOMUR, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mamadou Mansour SECK chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540, 0541 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Mark JOHNSON embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Avenue Kleber, Dakar mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar telephone: [221] 23 42 96, 23 34 24 FAX: [221] 22 29 91 Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal Economy Overview: In 1994 Senegal embarked on its most concerted structural adjustment effort yet to exploit the 50% devaluation of the currencies of the 14 Francophone African nations on 12 January. After years of foot-dragging, the government finally passed a liberalized labor code which should significantly help lower the cost of labor and improve the manufacturing sector's competitiveness. Inroads also have been made in closing tax loopholes and eliminating monopoly power in several sectors. At the same time the government is holding the line on current fiscal expenditure under the watchful eyes of international organizations on which it depends for substantial support. A bumper peanut crop - Senegal's main source of foreign exchange - coincided with an improvement of international prices and probably resulted in a doubling of earnings in 1994 over 1993. The country's narrow resource base, environmental degradation, and untamed population growth will continue to hold back growth in living standards over the medium term. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.3 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: -2% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $1,450 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): -1.8% (1991 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $1.2 billion expenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $269 million (1992 est.) Exports: $904 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.) commodities: fish, ground nuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton partners: France, other EC countries, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali Imports: $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.) commodities: foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum partners: France, other EC countries, Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, Algeria, China, Japan External debt: $2.9 billion (1990) Industrial production: growth rate 1.9% (1991); accounts for 15% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 230,000 kW production: 720 million kWh consumption per capita: 79 kWh (1993) Industries: agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, petroleum refining, building materials THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal Economy Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP; major products - peanuts (cash crop), millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; estimated two-thirds self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 354,000 metric tons in 1990 Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $551 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $5.23 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $589 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $295 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: the official rate is pegged to the French franc, and beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal Transportation Railroads: total: 905 km narrow gauge: 905 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double track) Highways: total: 14,007 km paved: 3,777 km unpaved: crushed stone, improved earth 10,230 km Inland waterways: 897 km total; 785 km on the Senegal, 112 km on the Saloum Ports: Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard-Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor Merchant marine: total: 1 bulk ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,995 GRT/3,775 DWT Airports: 24 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 4 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; above-average urban system local: NA intercity: microwave and cable international: 3 submarine cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Senegal Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,021,019; males fit for military service 1,054,855; males reach military age (18) annually 96,589 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $134 million, 2.1% of GDP (1993) SENEGAL - Passport required. Visa not needed for stay up to 90 days. U.S. citizens need onward/return ticket and yellow fever vaccination. For further information contact Embassy of the Republic of Senegal, 2112 Wyoming Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/234-0540). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Senegal ============================================================ Senegal- Consular Information Sheet April 25, 1995 Country Description: Senegal is a developing West African country. Facilities for tourists are widely available but vary in quality. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Visas are not required for stays of less than 90 days. U.S. citizens need onward/return tickets. Proof of yellow fever immunization may be required by airport officials. There are several types of items which cannot be brought into Senegal without clearance by Senegalese customs. These include computers and computer parts, video cameras and players, stereo equipment, tape players, auto parts, and various tools and spare parts. Such items will be held by airport customs officials if brought in as baggage or carry-on luggage. For further information, travelers may contact the Embassy of the Republic of Senegal, 2112 Wyoming Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C., 20008, telephone (202) 234-0540. Areas of Instability: Separatists in the Casamance area of southern Senegal have again become active. A series of violent incidents has resulted in the deaths of some Senegalese citizens. As a result, the U.S. Embassy in Dakar has advised U.S. citizens to avoid travel to southern Senegal south of the Casamance River extending from the Atlantic Ocean east to the town of Tanaf including Ziguinchor and Cap Skirring. Roads in the Casamance are poor, and driving can be extremely hazardous, particularly at night. Travel only on the major (hardsurfaced) routes. In addition, road travel between Mauritania and Senegal is restricted to several designated border crossing points. Long delays at the border are normal. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited, particularly in areas outside the capital, Dakar. Malaria is present in Senegal and travelers may wish to start taking mefloquine, a prescription medication, one week before arrival. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid or accepted outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Street crime in Senegal poses moderate risks for visitors. Most reported incidents involve pickpockets, purse snatchers and street scam artists. Wallets, jewelry and other valuables are subject to theft, especially during times of international meetings or events which draw large crowds. In Dakar, there has been a relatively high incidence of purse snatchings and muggings in a popular restaurant area known locally as "la Petite Corniche" which is located along a three kilometer stretch of coastal road in the southeastern part of the city. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may obtain updated information on travel and security in Senegal and register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy at Avenue Jean XXIII, Dakar, telephone (221) 23-42-96. The mailing address is B.P. 49. No. 95-053 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 17, 1995, to revise the sections on entry requirements, areas of instability, medical facilities, and crime. JJ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SENEGAL >W4Wf language IkWt}4 WI@@yM @@k8u k8E_@@y !w@} guiHwe 1{^iT CEkt@tP W@@_[ _@t@@I i>1Hf +yp9M Nwu>} VwPWkk !}wp7 7H^(( RA)Ad n^{n1{ 7inT^ 9CGCCGCGC GCGCGCGCCG GMCGCCGCGG 6j6`Y2 r;2|<] ^inniH /DY]D2 66|H^ (6D 1>i>^ 7H71n>nH 78^EH llQZxl \@P@IU h>GCC >C99CM1 i(9H( /|D-Y /4@ 8844` v``sNC xTWbL< HQQHQHQH QHQHQ::H:: H::H:HH:H: HH:HH:H:HH Pswwd Oh\qA 9@B@@B@@B@ {Z1,Pw |P1*8 %z%B- --%3I3^ 1$, ,*/1* *>:*, ,*1,*1 */,*1,1/:: 11/**:*,$ 1,,*1:,::* *>1$/1/::1 1/*11**,1, ,:,::11/*, 11,,*1>1* !9BS^!--I ,/$pQ$ SII!S ,,*pQ$ ,*pHH ,,*p> (6 6 /,*pY *$$,*p Y*,*,$ *,$*, $,/$Q ,$,**, ,,$,$*, $*,$,*, ,,/,* ,HQ11 :>1,,*:H>1 4,**,/,/,/ ,/,//,/ /,//,,/,/, /,/,/,/,/, /,/,/,/,/, //,*,,/,// /,/,/,/,/, /,/,/,/,/, /,/,/,/,/, /,/,/,/,/, /,/,/,/,/, 33!%% kk!S3 9!k^S ^z^SIk !S39S3 S-Iz-^ ^^B33 9-BSB-9k%% Ik3-9 3zIS! k3I^S^S 3S^2S S9I^BIBIBS SBSBIIS (,%,(( ,,>%% OD;0DD >%X%D 5,#%( ;%;DDJ ;JDD; J(D0DDJ JDJ;>, 0%0DD0DD &%%J; J;X>( &,,>(0 JXXJD 0;X"J D0;OXJ JD%%( JDJ?OJXJ ""DDJ%0 ##?# J;BXX% ;J2;D # % % ? % JD0DD ,,(## (DD0; ?# ? 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Age structure: 0-14 years: 32% (female 11,630; male 11,811) 15-64 years: 62% (female 23,229; male 21,679) 65 years and over: 6% (female 2,875; male 1,485) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.81% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 21.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -6.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.08 years male: 66.54 years female: 73.73 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.16 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Seychellois (singular and plural) adjective: Seychelles Ethnic divisions: Seychellois (mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans) Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8%, other 2% Languages: English (official), French (official), Creole Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1971) total population: 58% male: 56% female: 60% Labor force: 27,700 (1985) by occupation: industry and commerce 31%, services 21%, government 20%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 12%, other 16% (1985) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Seychelles Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles conventional short form: Seychelles Digraph: SE Type: republic Capital: Victoria Administrative divisions: 23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe Island), Grand' Anse (on Praslin Island), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe Larue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka Independence: 29 June 1976 (from UK) National holiday: National Day, 18 June (1993) (adoption of new constitution) Constitution: 18 June 1993 Legal system: based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law Suffrage: 17 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); election last held 20-23 July 1993 (next to be held NA); results - President France Albert RENE (SPPF) reelected with 59.5% of the vote, Sir James MANCHAM (DP) 36.72% cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral People's Assembly (Assemblee du Peuple): elections last held 20-23 July 1993 (next to be held NA); results - SPPF 82%, DP 15%, UO 3%; seats - (33 total, 22 elected, 11 awarded) seats elected - SPPF 21, DP 1; seats awarded - SPPF 6, DP 4, UO 1; total seats by party - SPPF 27, DP 5, UO 1 note: the 11 awarded seats are apportioned according to the share of each party in the total vote Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: ruling party - Seychelles People's Progressive Front (SPPF), France Albert RENE; Democratic Party (DP), Sir James MANCHAM; United Opposition (UO), Annette GEORGES - a coalition of the following parties: Seychelles Party (PS), Wavel RAMKALAWAN; Seychelles Democratic Movement (MSPD), Jacques HONDOUL; Seychelles Liberal Party (SLP), Ogilvie BERLOUIS;; Other political or pressure groups: trade unions; Roman Catholic Church Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WTO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Seychelles Government Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Marc R. MARENGO chancery: (temporary) 820 Second Avenue, Suite 900F, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 687-9766, 9767 FAX: [1] (212) 922-9177 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Carl Burton STOKES embassy: 4th Floor, Victoria House, Box 251, Victoria, Mahe mailing address: Box 148, Unit 62501, Victoria, Seychelles; APO AE 09815-2501 telephone: [248] 225256 FAX: [248] 225189 Flag: three horizontal bands of red (top), white (wavy), and green; the white band is the thinnest, the red band is the thickest THE WORLD FACTBOOK Seychelles Economy Overview: Since independence in 1976, per capita output has grown to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level, led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the high dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war. Although the industry has rebounded, the government recognizes the continuing need for upgrading the sector in the face of stiff international competition. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $430 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: -2% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $6,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.9% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 9% (1987) Budget: revenues: $227.4 million expenditures: $263 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (1993 est.) Exports: $50 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (re-exports) partners: France 43%, UK 22%, Reunion 11%, (1992) Imports: $261 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: manufactured goods, food, petroleum products, tobacco, beverages, machinery and transportation equipment partners: Singapore 16%, Bahrain 16%, South Africa, 14%, UK 13% (1992) External debt: $181 million (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 4% (1992); accounts for 12% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 30,000 kW production: 110 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,399 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism, processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, coir rope factory, boat building, printing, furniture, beverage Agriculture: accounts for 5% of GDP, mostly subsistence farming; cash crops - coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla; other products - sweet potatoes, cassava, bananas; broiler chickens; large share of food needs imported; expansion of tuna fishing under way THE WORLD FACTBOOK Seychelles Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY78-89), $26 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1978-89), $315 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $5 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $60 million Currency: 1 Seychelles rupee (SRe) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Seychelles rupees (SRe) per US$1 - 4.9371 (January 1995), 5.0559 (1994), 5.1815 (1993), 5.1220 (1992), 5.2893 (1991), 5.3369 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Seychelles Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 260 km paved: 160 km unpaved: crushed stone, earth 100 km Ports: Victoria Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 14 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 with paved runways under 914 m: 6 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Seychelles Communications Telephone system: 13,000 telephones; direct radio communications with adjacent islands and African coastal countries local: NA intercity: radio communications international: 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Seychelles Defense Forces Branches: Army, Coast Guard, Marines, National Guard, Presidential Protection Unit, Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 19,829; males fit for military service 10,099 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $12 million, 4% of GDP (1990 est.) {&{&SEYCHELLES - Passport, onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds required. Visa issued upon arrival for stay up to 1 month, no charge, extendable up to 1 year. Consult Permanent Mission of Seychelles to the U.N., 820 Second Ave., Suite 203, New York, NY 10017 (212/687-9766) for further information. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Seychelles ============================================================ Seychelles - Consular Information Sheet September 18, 1995 Country Description: Seychelles is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa. The principal island of Mahe has a population of about 50,000. The two other islands with significant permanent populations are Praslin and La Digue. Facilities for tourism are generally well developed. Entry Requirements: With a passport, onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds for the intended visit, travelers can obtain a Seychelles entry visa valid for a one-month stay upon arrival. There is no charge and the visa may be extended for a period of up to one year. An airport tax must be paid upon departure. For further information, the traveler may consult the Permanent Mission of Seychelles to the United Nations, 820 Second Avenue, Suite 203, New York, N.Y. 10017. The telephone number is (212) 687-9766. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Seychelles are limited, especially in the isolated outer islands, where doctors are often unavailable. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. Not all U.S. medical insurance is valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime occurs, although violent crime against tourists is considered to be rare. Travelers who keep valuables in hotel safes and who close and lock hotel windows at night, even while the room is occupied, are less likely to be at risk. It is dangerous, particularly for women, to swim alone at isolated beaches. Boats left unlocked while in Victoria Harbor may be targeted by thieves. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Other Information: The outer islands of Seychelles are extremely isolated, and travel by ship to these areas, including for rescue attempts, may be impossible in stormy weather. The outer islands often have no airstrips for accommodating air traffic. Import Prohibitions: Firearms and spearfishing equipment cannot be imported into Seychelles. Fruits and vegetables cannot be imported by casual travelers. Dogs must undergo a minimum quarantine of six months, which is strictly enforced, before being allowed entry into Seychelles. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Victoria may obtain updated information on travel and security in Seychelles and vicinity. The U.S. Embassy is located on the fourth floor of Victoria House, in the capital city of Victoria. The mailing address from the United States is, Unit 62501, Box 148, APO AE 09815. The international mailing address is Victoria House, Box 251, Victoria Mahe, Seychelles. The telephone number is (248) 225-256; the fax number is (248) 225-189. No. 95-115 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated June 23, 1994 to amend the sections on entry requirements, medical facilities, and embassy location. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Seychelles ============================================================ Seychelles - Consular Information Sheet September 18, 1995 Country Description: Seychelles is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa. The principal island of Mahe has a population of about 50,000. The two other islands with significant permanent populations are Praslin and La Digue. Facilities for tourism are generally well developed. Entry Requirements: With a passport, onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds for the intended visit, travelers can obtain a Seychelles entry visa valid for a one-month stay upon arrival. There is no charge and the visa may be extended for a period of up to one year. An airport tax must be paid upon departure. For further information, the traveler may consult the Permanent Mission of Seychelles to the United Nations, 820 Second Avenue, Suite 203, New York, N.Y. 10017. The telephone number is (212) 687-9766. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Seychelles are limited, especially in the isolated outer islands, where doctors are often unavailable. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. Not all U.S. medical insurance is valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime occurs, although violent crime against tourists is considered to be rare. Travelers who keep valuables in hotel safes and who close and lock hotel windows at night, even while the room is occupied, are less likely to be at risk. It is dangerous, particularly for women, to swim alone at isolated beaches. Boats left unlocked while in Victoria Harbor may be targeted by thieves. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Other Information: The outer islands of Seychelles are extremely isolated, and travel by ship to these areas, including for rescue attempts, may be impossible in stormy weather. The outer islands often have no airstrips for accommodating air traffic. Import Prohibitions: Firearms and spearfishing equipment cannot be imported into Seychelles. Fruits and vegetables cannot be imported by casual travelers. Dogs must undergo a minimum quarantine of six months, which is strictly enforced, before being allowed entry into Seychelles. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Victoria may obtain updated information on travel and security in Seychelles and vicinity. The U.S. Embassy is located on the fourth floor of Victoria House, in the capital city of Victoria. The mailing address from the United States is, Unit 62501, Box 148, APO AE 09815. The international mailing address is Victoria House, Box 251, Victoria Mahe, Seychelles. The telephone number is (248) 225-256; the fax number is (248) 225-189. No. 95-115 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated June 23, 1994 to amend the sections on entry requirements, medical facilities, and embassy location. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SEYCHELL dbpb{G language CLL&N KPKKGKKGKK YdGGa[XGKG KKGPPGkY.G daGdnG `GK&G KGK%G KGGTGPKGK GPPGGPKXG tGP%G qGKGPKG qGP%G KGgrG PGKPTKTPKT PKTGPPKTGP KPGPPTK cGK'G I-]]2 GTGGPGP KGGKTK KGp[GGaeGK KPKKGK G rGK'G ^tgzGx VGKTPT KGKTK [^c.G KTGPPKY GYGTK)G [GGYe.G zxnz|z [[^XGP `TGT` PG`TPVGk KGKTKPPKK GPGGTGKTKG GKTGGTPGPP PGGKGK PKKGGPGKPG KKGKK zGP#G GTGY| YGpX^[YG^d rT^kda[[Vn TPGPKKTP rGKPTK PKGKKTKKPP PGGPGKK PKGPGP PkgtG| qxekaen nGTKG` Gz`G^zGP GHHGHGG@G b?.(Q GTKGG GKPKPKPKK CHDJDCC@G PGKPKKTPTP PTKPGTTKGP PTKPTPPGd KGqqGKP KKGYnGKTGe cGPGaeGGkY KGaeGK -",- j?Q PGGKPPKTPT PTKPPGGPPG PPGTKGGKTP GPTGPTKPP KPkK4G PGGKGKK KGKGKKGKGG KGGKGx PKPKKGGKKP GPPTGx KKGVaGPKKG aVGcPGKG[` GcPGGTeTG^ ^YG[KVK4G ^YKaGY^GG` `GGY^ qGP1G PPGTKGTKPP PTGGTKGTPG KGGKGGKGGK tGP1G #Q(}. 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Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights sierra_l x8dot3 English (British) language , THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia Map references: Africa Area: total area: 71,740 sq km land area: 71,620 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than South Carolina Land boundaries: total 958 km, Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km Coastline: 402 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April) Terrain: coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east Natural resources: diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite Land use: arable land: 25% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 31% forest and woodland: 29% other: 13% Irrigated land: 340 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing natural hazards: dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (November to May); sandstorms, dust storms international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Environmental Modification THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone People Population: 4,753,120 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 1,054,826; male 1,020,943) 15-64 years: 53% (female 1,310,506; male 1,216,510) 65 years and over: 3% (female 72,982; male 77,353) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.63% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 44.65 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 18.38 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: thousands of refugees, fleeing the civil strife in Sierra Leone, are taking refuge in Guinea Infant mortality rate: 138.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 46.94 years male: 44.07 years female: 49.89 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.9 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Sierra Leonean(s) adjective: Sierra Leonean Ethnic divisions: 13 native African tribes 99% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 39%), Creole, European, Lebanese, and Asian 1% Religions: Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10% Languages: English (official; regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (the language of the re-settled ex-slave population of the Freetown area and is lingua franca) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic (1990 est.) total population: 21% male: 31% female: 11% Labor force: 1.369 million (1981 est.) by occupation: agriculture 65%, industry 19%, services 16% (1981 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone People note: only about 65,000 wage earners (1985) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone conventional short form: Sierra Leone Digraph: SL Type: military government Capital: Freetown Administrative divisions: 3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western* Independence: 27 April 1961 (from UK) National holiday: Republic Day, 27 April (1961) Constitution: 1 October 1991; suspended following 19 April 1992 coup Legal system: based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Capt. Valentine E. M. STRASSER (since 29 April 1992) cabinet: Council of Secretaries; responsible to the Supreme Council of State (SCS) Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives (suspended after coup of 29 April 1992); Chairman STRASSER promises multi-party elections sometime in 1995 Judicial branch: Supreme Court (suspended after coup of 29 April 1992) Political parties and leaders: status of existing political parties is unknown following 29 April 1992 coup Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas Kahota KARGBO chancery: 1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 939-9261 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Lauralee M. PETERS embassy: Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [232] (22) 226481 trough 226485 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone Government FAX: [232] (22) 225471 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone Economy Overview: Sierra Leone has substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, but the economic and social infrastructure is not well developed. Agriculture generates about 40% of GDP and employs about two-thirds of the working population, with subsistence agriculture dominating the sector. Manufacturing, which accounts for roughly 10% of GDP, consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Diamond mining provides an important source of hard currency. Since 1990, the government has been able to meet its IMF- and World Bank-mandated stabilization targets, holding down fiscal deficits, increasing foreign exchange reserves, and retiring much of its domestic debt - but at a steep cost in terms of capital investments and social spending. Moreover, the economic infrastructure has nearly collapsed due to neglect and war-related disruptions in the mining and agricultural export sectors. The continuing civil war in Liberia has led to a large influx of refugees, who place additional burdens on Sierra Leon's fragile economy. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.5 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.7% (1993 est.) National product per capita: $1,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $68 million expenditures: $118 million, including capital expenditures of $28 million (1992 est.) Exports: $149 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: rutile 48%, bauxite 25%, diamonds 16%, coffee, cocoa, fish partners: US, UK, Belgium, Germany, other Western Europe Imports: $149 million (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: foodstuffs 48%, machinery and equipment 32%, fuels 9% partners: US, EC countries, Japan, China, Nigeria External debt: $1.15 billion (yearend 1993) Industrial production: growth rate -1.5% (FY91/92); accounts for 11% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 130,000 kW production: 220 million kWh consumption per capita: 44 kWh (1993) Industries: mining (diamonds, bauxite, rutile), small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear), petroleum refinery THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone Economy Agriculture: largely subsistence farming; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, palm kernels; harvests of food staple rice meets 80% of domestic needs; annual fish catch averages 53,000 metric tons Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $161 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $848 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $18 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $101 million Currency: 1 leone (Le) = 100 cents Exchange rates: leones (Le) per US$1 - 617.67 (January 1995), 586.74 (1994), 567.46 (1993), 499.44 (1992), 295.34 (1991), 144.9275 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone Transportation Railroads: total: 84 km mineral line is used on a limited basis because the mine at Marampa is closed narrow gauge: 84 km 1.067-m gauge Highways: total: 7,400 km paved: 1,150 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel 490 km; improved earth 5,760 km Inland waterways: 800 km; 600 km navigable year round Ports: Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 11 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone Communications Telephone system: 23,650 telephones; telephone density - 5 telephones/1,000 persons; marginal telephone and telegraph service local: NA intercity: national microwave radio relay system made unserviceable by military activities international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Sierra Leone Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Police, Security Forces Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,030,332; males fit for military service 498,945 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $14 million, 2.6% of GDP (FY92/93) SIERRA LEONE - Passport and visa required. Single-entry visa valid 3 months, requires 1 application form, 1 photo, return/onward ticket and proof of financial support from bank or employer. Cholera and yellow fever immunizations required and malarial suppressants recommended. Adult travelers (over age 16) must exchange $100 minimum upon arrival and declare other foreign currency on an exchange control form (M), certified and stamped at the port of entry. For further information consult Embassy of Sierra Leone, 1701 19th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/939-9261). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Sierra Leone ============================================================ Sierra Leone - Travel Warning February 1, 1995 The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer travel to Sierra Leone. Travel within Sierra Leone should be considered extremely hazardous due to random and sporadic attacks by insurgents. Additional information may be found in the Department of State's Consular Information Sheet on Sierra Leone. No. 95-004 Sierra Leone - Consular Information Sheet February 8, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer travel to Sierra Leone. Travel within Sierra Leone should be considered extremely hazardous due to random and sporadic attacks by insurgents. Country Description: Sierra Leone is a developing country which has few facilities for tourism and poses considerable risks for travelers. Military activity and banditry affect large parts of the country outside Freetown and the western peninsula. Telephone service is unreliable. Entry Requirements: A passport and a visa are required. Visas must be obtained in advance from a Sierra Leonean embassy or consulate. Yellow fever immunizations are required and malaria suppressants are recommended. For current entry information, contact the Embassy of Sierra Leone, 1701 19th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, telephone (202) 939-9261. Areas of Instability: The random and unpredictable nature of military activity makes travel outside Freetown and the tourist areas of the Western Peninsula extremely hazardous. There have been armed attacks on roads and villages in many parts of the country, and as close as within 40 miles of Freetown. Foreigners have been taken hostage during several recent incidents. In addition, foreigners traveling in rural areas and certain areas of Freetown are at risk from neighborhood patrols and committees on the lookout for suspicious strangers. Travelers in rural areas run the risk of being detained, injured or killed. Because many Sierra Leoneans do not speak English, it can be difficult for a foreigner to communicate his or her identity. Travelers may also encounter difficulties at the numerous roadblocks and military checkpoints outside Freetown. The U.S. Embassy has warned Americans not to travel or reside outside Freetown unless directly involved in essential emergency relief work. Only two major European air carriers currently service Lungi Airport. The ferry service between the airport and Freetown is unreliable. In emergencies, the overland route to the airport might be closed by fighting. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities fall far short of U.S. standards. Persons with medical conditions that may require treatment or medications are discouraged from traveling to Sierra Leone. Medicines are in short supply, sterility of equipment is questionable, and treatment is unreliable. Many primary health care workers, especially in rural areas, lack professional training. Instances of misdiagnosis, improper treatment and administration of improper drugs have been reported. International air carriers are reluctant to assist with medical evacuations from Sierra Leone. Private charter evacuations, costing thousands of dollars, may be necessary. Doctors and hospitals often require immediate payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage and medical evacuation coverage has proven to be useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime and theft of wallets and passports are common. Requests for payments at military roadblocks are common. Robberies and burglaries of residences also occur. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Curfew: Localized changes in the security situation in specific areas can lead, without warning, to imposition of a curfew. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Photography Restrictions: Permission is required to photograph government buildings, airports, bridges or official-looking buildings. Areas forbidding photography are not marked or defined. Dual Nationality: Dual nationals who are bearers of Sierra Leone passports are required to present proof of payment of taxes before being granted departure clearance from Sierra Leone. U.S. consular assistance to persons of dual nationality may be extremely limited. Registration: U.S. citizens may register at the U.S. Embassy, at which time they may obtain updated information on travel and security in Sierra Leone. In the event of civil disorder or crisis, U.S. citizens are asked to contact the U.S. Embassy. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at the corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens streets in the capital city of Freetown. The telephone number is (232-22) 226-481. U.S. consular services are limited to areas under government control; personnel constraints imposed on the U.S. Embassy limit the assistance which can be provided even in those areas. No. 94-128 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 25, 1994, to add a travel warning; to revise the paragraphs on Areas of Instability and Medical Facilities; and to delete information on currency regulations. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 :MDD MVMVMVVM e:+:e De4MMe D Me#: 4#e#4#4 9:#4t :D+V# ,o^p^o ^p^p^p^ ##4M4 44:M:4 ,z^p^p ^p^p^po 17a3*sH L*Ha* +MVV( sassa i_ii_ _i__i \mK\\ KmKKhKh \mK\KKm #:4D K\K\h}5 K\Wh\\m ``=XX=PlXJ 0>>0,,S &},>,> X`=XX=PXJ= P=JEE Y>Y>,> JXle* %k[OO F[%Fkk ElE==vy ==EY: =Jq"# A~~`E XvJ== :eVVe 4VMVV+ MM4 6 #tM:4g ?C?CC? ?C?CC?CC?C !!*((!!(*( !(*(! *(!((! ((*(!((*(! (*(!( (*(!** 5aL(*3HH3( ?L-(?H?**? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; (&((& OOJ;; 1-1-- -1-1- -1--1 1-1-1 1--11 -1--1 --11- --1-1- Singapore Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SINGAPOR x8dot3 Mandarin Chinese language - THE WORLD FACTBOOK Singapore Geography Location: Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total area: 632.6 sq km land area: 622.6 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 193 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: two islands in dispute with Malaysia Climate: tropical; hot, humid, rainy; no pronounced rainy or dry seasons; thunderstorms occur on 40% of all days (67% of days in April) Terrain: lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve Natural resources: fish, deepwater ports Land use: arable land: 4% permanent crops: 7% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 5% other: 84% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change Note: focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Singapore People Population: 2,890,468 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 23% (female 327,417; male 348,345) 15-64 years: 70% (female 991,015; male 1,030,668) 65 years and over: 7% (female 105,081; male 87,942) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.06% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.93 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.16 years male: 73.28 years female: 79.25 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.87 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Singaporean(s) adjective: Singapore Ethnic divisions: Chinese 76.4%, Malay 14.9%, Indian 6.4%, other 2.3% Religions: Buddhist (Chinese), Muslim (Malays), Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Taoist, Confucianist Languages: Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 89% male: 95% female: 83% Labor force: 1.649 million (1994) by occupation: financial, business, and other services 33.5%, manufacturing 25.6%, commerce 22.9%, construction 6.6%, other 11.4% (1994) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Singapore Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Singapore conventional short form: Singapore Digraph: SN Type: republic within Commonwealth Capital: Singapore Administrative divisions: none Independence: 9 August 1965 (from Malaysia) National holiday: National Day, 9 August (1965) Constitution: 3 June 1959, amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution) Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state: President ONG Teng Cheong (since 1 September 1993); election last held 28 August 1993 (next to be held NA August 1997); results - ONG Teng Cheong was elected with 59% of the vote in the country's first popular election for president head of government: Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 28 November 1990); Deputy Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 28 November 1990) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president, responsible to parliament Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament: elections last held 31 August 1991 (next to be held by 31 August 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total) PAP 77, SDP 3, WP 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: government: People's Action Party (PAP), GOH Chok Tong, secretary general opposition: Workers' Party (WP), J. B. JEYARETNAM; Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), CHEE Soon Juan; National Solidarity Party (NSP), leader NA; Barisan Sosialis (BS, Socialist Front), leader NA; Singapore People's Party (SPP), SIN Kek Tong Member of: APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNIKOM, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Sellapan Rama NATHAN THE WORLD FACTBOOK Singapore Government chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100 FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Timothy A. CHORBA embassy: 30 Hill Street, Singapore 0617 mailing address: FPO AP 96534 telephone: [65] 3380251 FAX: [65] 3384550 Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle THE WORLD FACTBOOK Singapore Economy Overview: Singapore has an open entrepreneurial economy with strong service and manufacturing sectors and excellent international trading links derived from its entrepot history. The economy registered 10.1% growth in 1994, with prospects for 7.5%-8.5% growth in 1995. In 1994, the manufacturing and financial and business services sectors have led economic growth. Exports boomed, led by the electronics sector, particularly US demand for disk drives. Rising labor costs continue to be a threat to Singapore's competitiveness, but there are indications that productivity is keeping up. In applied technology, per capita output, investment, and labor discipline, Singapore has key attributes of a developed country. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $57 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 10.1% (1994) National product per capita: $19,940 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.6% (1994) Unemployment rate: 2.6% (1994) Budget: revenues: $11.9 billion expenditures: $10.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.9 billion (FY93/94 est.) Exports: $96.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: computer equipment, rubber and rubber products, petroleum products, telecommunications equipment partners: Malaysia 20%, US 19%, Hong Kong 9%, Japan 7%, Thailand 6% (1994) Imports: $102.4 billion (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: aircraft, petroleum, chemicals, foodstuffs partners: Japan 22%, Malaysia 16%, US 15%, Taiwan 4%, Saudi Arabia 4% (1994) External debt: $20 million (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 13% (1994 est.); accounts for 28% of GDP (1993) Electricity: capacity: 4,510,000 kW production: 17 billion kWh consumption per capita: 5,590 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum refining, electronics, oil drilling equipment, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, financial services, biotechnology Agriculture: minor importance in the economy; self-sufficient in poultry and eggs; must import much of other food; major crops - rubber, copra, fruit, vegetables THE WORLD FACTBOOK Singapore Economy Illicit drugs: transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US, Western Europe, and the Third World; also a major money-laundering center Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $590 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1 billion Currency: 1 Singapore dollar (S$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Singapore dollars (S$) per US$1 - 1.4524 (January 1995), 1.5275 (1994), 1.6158 (1993), 1.6290 (1992), 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Singapore Transportation Railroads: total: 38.6 km narrow gauge: 38.6 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 2,883 km paved: 2,796 km unpaved: 87 km (1991 est.) Ports: Singapore Merchant marine: total: 563 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,167,596 GRT/17,845,687 DWT ships by type: bulk 96, cargo 121, chemical tanker 16, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 7, container 78, liquefied gas tanker 6, oil tanker 198, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 12, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 22 note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 20 countries among which are Japan 35 ships, Denmark 21, Germany 21, Hong Kong 18, Belgium 14, Thailand 11, Sweden 8, US 7, Indonesia 6, and Norway 5; Singapore owns 1 ship under Malaysia registry Airports: total: 10 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Singapore Communications Telephone system: 1,110,000 telephones; good domestic facilities; good international service; good radio and television broadcast coverage local: NA intercity: NA international: submarine cables extend to Malaysia (Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines; 2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 13, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 2 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Singapore Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 860,437; males fit for military service 629,973 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $2.7 billion, 6% of GDP (1993 est.) SINGAPORE - Passport and onward/return ticket required. Visa not required for tourist/business stay up to 2 weeks, extendable to 3 months maximum. AIDS test required for some work visas. U.S. test is not accepted. For additional information contact Embassy of Singapore, 3501 Int'l Place, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/537-3100). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Singapore ============================================================ Singapore - Consular Information Sheet June 16, 1995 Country Description: Singapore is a small, highly developed parliamentary democracy. Tourist facilities are modern and widely available. Entry Requirements: Passports and onward/return tickets are required. Visas are not required for tourist/business stays of up to two weeks. For more current information, travelers can contact the Embassy of Singapore, 3501 International Place, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 537-3100. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities and services are good and widely available in Singapore. Doctors and hospitals may expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. The international traveler's hotline at the Centers for Disease Control can be reached at (404) 332-4559 for additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Major crimes against tourists are not common. Petty crimes such as pickpocketing do occur in tourist areas. Visitors should be aware of Singapore's strict laws and penalties for a variety of offenses that might be considered minor in the United States, including jaywalking, littering, spitting, as well as the importation and sale of chewing gum. Singapore imposes a mandatory caning sentence on males for vandalism offenses. Caning may also be imposed for immigration violations and other offenses. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police, and the U.S. Embassy. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect, at least, a jail sentence and fine. Singapore has a mandatory death penalty for many narcotics offenses. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 30 Hill Street, Singapore 0617; the mailing address is American Embassy Singapore, FPO AP 96534; telephone (65) 338-0251. No. 95-072 This is a reissuance of the Consular Information Sheet dated May 9, 1994. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_3 Photo_5 Photo_1 Photo_2 Photo_4 litititi W_W_W_W_ ~t{6)) W{A/cl Vd\dd\u T7'.'.. ]CTTCC Vd\^d\| uknuV MH\uu <.]CC. .CTC'" ukk|k^ QH\\| |uMHHk MHHduM WHHpJ "~_5H l_HHpS iSSY" zQHH_ph h}zWYH Hz_zWz HQhhzWQWHQ QHHhh _HHQhh h_HQhp_HQh ic")c {WHHW pHp__hz__ HHpQ5H Hzzphh WHHWHHW pQ__p 22.2:.2:: :2:2:2:2: :2.2:2: :.2::22 22:22:2 :22:2 2:22:2:22: 2.:2::.:22 .:2.:22: .:22:2.:: :.:2:2 :.2:2:2:2: 2:2:2 22:2:22. :2:22:2 -2-112 :2;_: Slovakia Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SLOVAKIA x8dot3 8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Slovakia Geography Location: Central Europe, south of Poland Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe Area: total area: 48,845 sq km land area: 48,800 sq km comparative area: about twice the size of New Hampshire Land boundaries: total 1,355 km, Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 515 km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 90 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: Gabcikovo Dam dispute with Hungary; unresolved property issues with Czech Republic over redistribution of former Czechoslovak federal property Climate: temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters Terrain: rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south Natural resources: brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt Land use: arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% other: NA% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Slovakia People Population: 5,432,383 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 23% (female 609,795; male 638,346) 15-64 years: 66% (female 1,807,312; male 1,778,712) 65 years and over: 11% (female 364,610; male 233,608) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.54% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 14.51 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.12 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 10 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.24 years male: 69.15 years female: 77.57 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.93 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Slovak(s) adjective: Slovak Ethnic divisions: Slovak 85.7%, Hungarian 10.7%, Gypsy 1.5% (the 1992 census figures underreport the Gypsy/Romany community, which could reach 500,000 or more), Czech 1%, Ruthenian 0.3%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.1%, Polish 0.1%, other 0.3% Religions: Roman Catholic 60.3%, atheist 9.7%, Protestant 8.4%, Orthodox 4.1%, other 17.5% Languages: Slovak (official), Hungarian Literacy: NA% Labor force: 2.484 million by occupation: industry 33.2%, agriculture 12.2%, construction 10.3%, communication and other 44.3% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Slovakia Government Names: conventional long form: Slovak Republic conventional short form: Slovakia local long form: Slovenska Republika local short form: Slovensko Digraph: LO Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Bratislava Administrative divisions: 4 departments (kraje, singular - kraj) Bratislava, Zapadoslovensky, Stredoslovensky, Vychodoslovensky Independence: 1 January 1993 (from Czechoslovakia) National holiday: Anniversary of Slovak National Uprising, August 29 (1944) Constitution: ratified 1 September 1992, fully effective 1 January 1993 Legal system: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993); election last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Michal KOVAC elected by the National Council head of government: Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December 1994) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral National Council (Narodni Rada): elections last held 30 September-1 October 1994 (next to be held by October 1998); results - HZDS 35%, SDL 10.4%, Hungarian coalition (Hungarian Christian Democrats, Hungarian Civic Party, Coexistence) 10.2%, KDH 10.1%, DU 8.6%, ZRS 7.3%, SNS 5.4%; seats - (150 total) governing coalition 83 (HZDS 61, ZRS 13, SNS 9), opposition 67 (SDL 18, Hungarian coalition 17, KDH 17, DU 15) Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS), Vladimir MECIAR, chairman; Common Choice/Party of the Democratic Left (SDL), Peter WEISS, chairman; Hungarian Christian Democrats, Vojtech BUGAR; Hungarian Civic Party; Coexistence, Miklos DURAY, chairman; Christian Democratic Movement (KDH), Jan CARNOGURSKY; Democratic Union (DU), Jozef MORAVCIK, chairman; Association of Slovak Workers (ZRS), Jan LUPTAK, chairman; Slovak National Party (SNS), Jan SLOTA, chairman THE WORLD FACTBOOK Slovakia Government Other political or pressure groups: Green Party; Social Democratic Party of Slovakia; Slovak Christian Union Member of: Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE (guest), CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NSG, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UNOMUR, UNPROFOR, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Branislav LICHARDUS chancery: (temporary) Suite 380, 2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 965-5161 FAX: [1] (202) 965-5166 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Theodore E. RUSSELL embassy: Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [42] (7) 330-861, 333-338 FAX: [42] (7) 330-096 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red superimposed with the Slovak cross in a shield centered on the hoist side; the cross is white centered on a background of red and blue THE WORLD FACTBOOK Slovakia Economy Overview: In 1994 macroeconomic performance improved steadily but privatization progressed only in fits and starts. Most of Slovakia's IMF-approved targets were met by an interim government that lasted 9 months. Annual inflation fell from 23% in 1993 to 12%; unemployment at 14.6% was still well below forecasts of 17%; and the budget deficit was around half that in 1993. Slovakia's nearly $200 million trade surplus also compares favorably with a more than $800 million deficit in 1993. Furthermore, after contracting almost 25% in the three years following 1990, GDP grew 4.3% in 1994, according to official statistics. Bratislava in June qualified for a $254 million IMF stand-by loan and the second $90 million tranche of its Systemic Transformation Facility and, in December, received approval for a European Union loan worth about $160 million. By the end of September 1994, the Central Bank's foreign currency reserves had tripled since the end of 1993. Slovakia continued to have difficulty attracting foreign investment, however, because of perceived political instability and halting progress in privatization. The interim government prepared property worth nearly $2 billion for the second wave of coupon privatization and sold participation in the program to over 80% of Slovakia's eligible citizens. Parties controlling the new Parliament in November 1994, however, put the second wave of coupon privatization on hold and suspended sales of 38 firms until the new government could evaluate the interim government's decisions in early 1995. The new government's targets for 1995 include GDP growth of 3%, inflation of 8%-10%, unemployment of 15%, and a budget deficit under 3% of GDP. Continuing economic recovery in western Europe should boost Slovak exports and production, but Slovakia's image with foreign creditors and investors could suffer setbacks in 1995 if progress on privatization stalls or budget deficits mount beyond IMF-recommended levels. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $32.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $6,070 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 14.6% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $4.4 billion expenditures: $4.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $350 million (1994 est.) Exports: $6.3 billion (f.o.b., January-November 1994) commodities: machinery and transport equipment; chemicals; fuels, minerals, and metals; agricultural products partners: Czech Republic 37.7%, Germany 17.1%, Hungary 5.3%, Austria 5.3%, Italy 4.6%, Russia 4.0%, Poland 2.6%, Ukraine 1.8%, US 1.6% (January-September 1994) Imports: $6.1 billion (f.o.b., January-November 1994) commodities: machinery and transport equipment; fuels and lubricants; manufactured goods; raw materials; chemicals; agricultural products partners: Czech Republic 29.9%, Russia 19.0%, Germany 13.2%, Austria 5.8%, Italy 4.3%, US 2.6%, Poland 2.4%, Ukraine 1.9%, Hungary 1.6% (January-September 1994) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Slovakia Economy External debt: $4.2 billion hard currency indebtedness (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 6,300,000 kW production: 20.9 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,609 kWh (1993) Industries: metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, and water; coking, oil production, and nuclear fuel production; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products Agriculture: largely self-sufficient in food production; diversified crop and livestock production, including grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit, hogs, cattle, and poultry; exporter of forest products Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe Economic aid: donor: the former Czechoslovakia was a donor - $4.2 billion in bilateral aid to non-Communist less developed countries (1954-89) Currency: 1 koruna (Sk) = 100 halierov Exchange rates: koruny (Sk) per US$1 - 31.14 (September 1994), 32.9 (December 1993), 28.59 (December 1992), 28.26 (1992), 29.53 (1991), 17.95 (1990), 15.05 (1989); note - values before 1993 reflect Czechoslovak exchange rate Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Slovakia Transportation Railroads: total: 3,660 km (electrified 635 km) broad gauge: 102 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 3,511 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 47 km (35 km 1,000-m gauge; 12 km 0.750-m gauge) (1994) Highways: total: 17,650 km (1990) paved: NA unpaved: NA Inland waterways: NA km Pipelines: petroleum products NA km; natural gas 2,700 km Ports: Bratislava, Komarno Merchant marine: total: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,160 GRT/6,163 DWT Airports: 37 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 4 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 10 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 11 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Slovakia Communications Telephone system: NA telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Slovakia Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense, Railroad Units Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,443,719; males fit for military service 1,107,453; males reach military age (18) annually 49,045 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 9.59 billion koruny, 3.1% of GDP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results SLOVAK REPUBLIC - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 30 days. For longer stays and other types of travel contact Embassy of the Slovak Republic, 2201 Wisconsin Ave., N.W., Suite 380, Washington, D.C. 20007 (202/965-5164). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Slovak Republic ============================================================ Slovak Republic - Consular Information Sheet November 9, 1995 Country Description: The Slovak Republic is a moderately developed European nation undergoing profound economic and political changes. Tourist facilities are not as developed as those found in western Europe and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other European countries are not yet available. Entry Requirements: Travelers to the Slovak Republic can obtain entry information at the Embassy of the Slovak Republic at 2201 Wisconsin Avenue N.W., Suite 380, Washington, DC 20007, telephone (202) 965-5160/1. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are available. However only a limited number of doctors are English speakers. Doctors and hospitals expect cash payment for health services unless the patient can present an insurance number from the Slovak National Insurance Company. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: The Slovak Republic has a low rate of violent crime. However, particularly in the summer, there has been an increase in street crime such as pickpocketing in shopping centers, in the vicinity of major hotels where foreigners stay, near major tourist sites, and on night trains, especially Prague-Bratislava-Budapest or Budapest-Warsaw. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. It provides useful information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use and dealing in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Bratislava and obtain updated information on travel and security in the Slovak Republic. The U.S. Embassy in Bratislava is located at Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, telephone (42-7) 330-861. No. 95-142 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May, 11, 1994 to update information on crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Slovak Republic ============================================================ Slovak Republic - Consular Information Sheet November 9, 1995 Country Description: The Slovak Republic is a moderately developed European nation undergoing profound economic and political changes. Tourist facilities are not as developed as those found in western Europe and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other European countries are not yet available. Entry Requirements: Travelers to the Slovak Republic can obtain entry information at the Embassy of the Slovak Republic at 2201 Wisconsin Avenue N.W., Suite 380, Washington, DC 20007, telephone (202) 965-5160/1. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are available. However only a limited number of doctors are English speakers. Doctors and hospitals expect cash payment for health services unless the patient can present an insurance number from the Slovak National Insurance Company. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: The Slovak Republic has a low rate of violent crime. However, particularly in the summer, there has been an increase in street crime such as pickpocketing in shopping centers, in the vicinity of major hotels where foreigners stay, near major tourist sites, and on night trains, especially Prague-Bratislava-Budapest or Budapest-Warsaw. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. It provides useful information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use and dealing in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Bratislava and obtain updated information on travel and security in the Slovak Republic. The U.S. Embassy in Bratislava is located at Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, telephone (42-7) 330-861. No. 95-142 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May, 11, 1994 to update information on crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map or t0 v"".& "d d|dxdA cEOWOE o>|dR E0EcOW"0 vE0l0C &0<&Wc Ec<00< &OE"EccW ddRr| &cWcWcWc OlE&c< &W([V !D(! 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Age structure: 0-14 years: 46% (female 90,293; male 93,695) 15-64 years: 51% (female 100,183; male 103,374) 65 years and over: 3% (female 5,738; male 5,923) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.4% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 38.48 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.51 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 26.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.84 years male: 68.38 years female: 73.41 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.59 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Solomon Islander(s) adjective: Solomon Islander Ethnic divisions: Melanesian 93%, Polynesian 4%, Micronesian 1.5%, European 0.8%, Chinese 0.3%, other 0.4% Religions: Anglican 34%, Roman Catholic 19%, Baptist 17%, United (Methodist/Presbyterian) 11%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%, other Protestant 5%, traditional beliefs 4% Languages: Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2% of population note: 120 indigenous languages Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture, forestry, and fishing 32.4%, services 25%, construction, manufacturing, and mining 7.0%, commerce, transport, and finance 4.7% (1984) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Solomon Islands Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Solomon Islands former: British Solomon Islands Digraph: BP Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Honiara Administrative divisions: 7 provinces and 1 town*; Central, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira, Malaita, Temotu, Western Independence: 7 July 1978 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 7 July (1978) Constitution: 7 July 1978 Legal system: common law Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Moses PITAKAKA (since 10 June 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Solomon MAMALONI (since 7 November 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Dennis LULEI (since 10 November 1994) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister from members of parliament Legislative branch: unicameral National Parliament: elections last held NA November 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (47 total) number of seats by party NA Judicial branch: High Court Political parties and leaders: People's Alliance Party (PAP); United Party (UP), leader NA; Solomon Islands Liberal Party (SILP), Bartholemew ULUFA'ALU; Nationalist Front for Progress (NFP), Andrew NORI; Labor Party (LP), Joses TUHANUKU; National Action Party, leader NA; Christian Fellowship, leader NA; National Unity Group, Solomon MAMALONI Member of: ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: ambassador traditionally resides in Honiara (Solomon Islands) US diplomatic representation: embassy closed July 1993; the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon Islands THE WORLD FACTBOOK Solomon Islands Government Flag: divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green THE WORLD FACTBOOK Solomon Islands Economy Overview: The bulk of the population depend on subsistence agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of their livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. The economy suffered from a severe cyclone in mid-1986 that caused widespread damage to the infrastructure. In 1993, the government was working with the IMF to develop a structural adjustment program to address the country's fiscal deficit. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1992 est.) National product real growth rate: 8% (1992) National product per capita: $2,590 (1992 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 13% (1992 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $48 million expenditures: $107 million, including capital expenditures of $45 million (1991 est.) Exports: $84 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: fish 46%, timber 31%, palm oil 5%, cocoa, copra partners: Japan 39%, UK 23%, Thailand 9%, Australia 5%, US 2% (1991) Imports: $110 million (c.i.f., 1991) commodities: plant and machinery, manufactured goods, food and live animals, fuel partners: Australia 34%, Japan 16%, Singapore 14%, NZ 9% External debt: $128 million (1988 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -3.8% (1991 est.); accounts for 5% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 21,000 kW production: 30 million kWh consumption per capita: 80 kWh (1993) Industries: copra, fish (tuna) Agriculture: including fishing and forestry, accounts for 31% of GDP; mostly subsistence farming; cash crops - cocoa, beans, coconuts, palm kernels, timber; other products - rice, potatoes, vegetables, fruit, cattle, pigs; not self-sufficient in food grains; 90% of the total fish catch of 44,500 metric tons was exported (1988) Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $250 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Solomon Islands Economy Currency: 1 Solomon Islands dollar (SI$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Solomon Islands dollars (SI$) per US$1 - 3.3113 (September 1994), 3.1877 (1993), 2.9281 (1992), 2.7148 (1991), 2.5288 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Solomon Islands Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 1,300 km paved: 30 km unpaved: gravel 290 km; earth 980 km note: in addition, there are 800 km of private logging and plantation roads of varied construction (1982) Ports: Aola Bay, Honiara, Lofung, Noro, Viru Harbor, Yandina Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 31 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 19 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 9 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Solomon Islands Communications Telephone system: 3,000 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Solomon Islands Defense Forces Branches: no military forces; Royal Solomon Islands Police (RSIP) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP SOLOMON ISLANDS - Passport, onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds required. Visitors permit issued on arrival for stay up to 2 months in 1-year period. For further information consult British Embassy (202/986-0205). Solomon Islands - Consular Information Sheet July 9, 1993 Country Description: The Solomon Islands form an archipelago in the southwest Pacific about 1200 miles northeast of Australia. The capital is Honiara on the island of Guadalcanal. The Solomon Islands is a parliamentary democracy within the British Commonwealth. Tourism facilities are limited, and outside of Honiara may be of poor quality. Passports, onward/return tickets and proof of sufficient funds are required. Visitors' permits are issued on arrival for stays of up to two months in a one-year period. For further information travelers may consult the British Embassy at 3100 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 462-1340 or British consulates in other cities. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are generally adequate. Hospitals and pharmacies are limited to population centers and missions. The incidence of malaria is extremely high. Many visitors begin taking malarial suppressants before arrival. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payments for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on health matters is available from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Major crimes against travelers are not common, though petty crimes against property frequently occur in the capital city, Honiara. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police, and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security within the area. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located on Mud Alley in Honiara. The mailing address is P.O. Box 561 Honiara, the Solomon Islands. The telephone number is (677) 23-890. There is a consul/charge d'affaires resident in Honiara who performs consular services for U.S. citizens. The U.S. Ambassador is resident in Port Moresby, New Guinea. No. 93-191 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated November 23, 1992 to include information on reporting the loss or theft of a U.S. passport. Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SOLOMON_ language L*N L HHM%L JLFr~~$ ~~F^HJ CCYY& B9BoG {9c]{&]T QMUMMO}L {G&i99&G MNOOMJJHL hLMLM}L MLuyU yeLMyL }MQyL 9]9i9 hn[a[ [^LMM T9 ] 99 B BcB &9i 9 9G9iB] MOQMOOQMOM MOQOQM0L MMLLM1L eLM.L vE/vZ nLO.L Ln}Lh MLQL[XLL[M LOLLUL[XLO XeX[\XUMM^ ^\XOLa\LQU [L[a.L -%%(%(% (%(%(%* .%%(%(%(%( %(%(%.$ hhLM-L l|zfz UUyu\\LLa L[ULQe[ ULLO&L)H LOMLMO QLgyLOOL OhO[L QMLLM L QLMQLOUQOM OLUMOOQLMO MQLLQMOLOM MLMLUQ LUMhL MMLLMMLMLL MLLUQ MHPKPM LQLL\H\\L [}LOjL aLXLn wVPLRL LLQLg nLQLO eQ\~L gXea^h MeO\aLLhnM \eL^\^[Le^ LUhyuXLUg\ QMLQLMM L MULLUe OLLMLLOOLM LOMLL LQLMO \LLeU U^LMtL LQLLQQ MUMLbe MLLMQ MLhyLOnL MLeXLL}hLMkL ML^UMpL PRU'R QQLOQLQUOQ LQQOQ3L OMLQMLMLML MUM6L }yXyyeuLM1L [^L\U\Ra^M \ML\[3L hLM0L n}}ygn}3L MQLQOQ3L QUPPM (+,+( (+,++,,+,, +,,+(++,+( +,++,++,++ ,++,,+(+, ,++,6 OOMOM OMOLOLMMOM QMLQQMQOMQ OLMOQOQ MLLMQMOOQL OLMMLLMLML ML[aLMLLM MLeg[geLMO MLLOLu Leeunuu LyLnene nn}hy }nLe^haheL hLege[LMO MLML\ eXLLMLeX MOMLa[LMLO QMMQOMQUOQ OMQMOOQMQL UOMMLLOQMQ ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; c6'aV #!** 5,** +z++ <0,"" %t-$O $(Al? >ZE~jE }<;"" {\:1" A*@ l E^E? ? E E?l Somalia Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SOMALIA x8dot3 Arabic language Q.Q. THE WORLD FACTBOOK Somalia Geography Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia Map references: Africa Area: total area: 637,660 sq km land area: 627,340 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas Land boundaries: total 2,366 km, Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,626 km, Kenya 682 km Coastline: 3,025 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 200 nm International disputes: southern half of boundary with Ethiopia is a Provisional Administrative Line; territorial dispute with Ethiopia over the Ogaden Climate: principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons Terrain: mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north Natural resources: uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 46% forest and woodland: 14% other: 38% Irrigated land: 1,600 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification natural hazards: recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban Note: strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal THE WORLD FACTBOOK Somalia People Population: 7,347,554 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 45% (female 1,653,175; male 1,650,377) 15-64 years: 51% (female 1,845,886; male 1,932,012) 65 years and over: 4% (female 138,264; male 127,840) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 15.58% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 45.53 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 13.3 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 123.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 119.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 55.74 years male: 55.48 years female: 56 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.13 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Somali(s) adjective: Somali Ethnic divisions: Somali 85%, Bantu, Arabs 30,000 Religions: Sunni Muslim Languages: Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 24% male: 36% female: 14% Labor force: 2.2 million (very few are skilled laborers) by occupation: pastoral nomad 70%, agriculture, government, trading, fishing, handicrafts, and other 30% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Somalia Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Somalia former: Somali Republic Digraph: SO Type: none Capital: Mogadishu Administrative divisions: 18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe, Jubbada Hoose, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe, Shabeellaha Hoose, Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed Independence: 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic) National holiday: NA Constitution: 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 Legal system: NA Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: Somalia has no functioning government; the United Somali Congress (USC) ousted the regime of Maj. Gen. Mohamed SIAD Barre on 27 January 1991; the present political situation is one of anarchy, marked by inter-clan fighting and random banditry Legislative branch: unicameral People's Assembly People's Assembly (Golaha Shacbiga): not functioning Judicial branch: Supreme Court (not functioning) Political parties and leaders: the United Somali Congress (USC) ousted the former regime on 27 January 1991; formerly the only party was the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP), headed by former President and Commander in Chief of the Army Maj. Gen. Mohamed SIAD Barre Other political or pressure groups: numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for power Member of: ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: Somalian Embassy ceased operations on 8 May 1991 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Somalia Government US diplomatic representation: note: the US Embassy in Mogadishu was evacuated and closed indefinitely in January 1991; Ambassador Daniel SIMPSON, ambassador to Kenya, represents US interests in Somalia liaison office: US Embassy, Nairobi, Kenya address: corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi mailing address: P.O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi or APO AE 09831 telephone: [254] (2) 334141 FAX: [254] (2) 340838 Flag: light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; design based on the flag of the UN (Italian Somaliland was a UN trust territory) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Somalia Economy Overview: One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few resources. Moreover, much of the economy has been devastated by the civil war. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Nomads and seminomads who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood make up about 70% of the population. Crop production generates only 10% of GDP and employs about 20% of the work force. The main export crop is bananas; sugar, sorghum, and corn are grown for the domestic market. The small industrial sector is based on the processing of agricultural products and accounts for less than 10% of GDP; most facilities have been shut down because of the civil strife. The greatly increased political turmoil of 1991-93 has resulted in a substantial drop in agricultural output, with widespread famine. In 1994 economic conditions stabilized in the countryside but may turn worse in 1995 if civil strife intensifies after the UN withdrawal. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $500 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% (1994) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $58 million (1990 est.) commodities: bananas, live animals, fish, hides partners: Saudi Arabia, Italy, FRG (1986) Imports: $249 million (1990 est.) commodities: petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials partners: US 13%, Italy, FRG, Kenya, UK, Saudi Arabia (1986) External debt: $1.9 billion (1989) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: prior to the civil war, 75,000 kW, but now almost completely shut down due to war damage; note - UN and relief organizations use their own portable power systems production: NA kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh Industries: a few small industries, including sugar refining, textiles, petroleum refining (mostly shut down) (1994) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Somalia Economy Agriculture: dominant sector, led by livestock raising (cattle, sheep, goats); crops - bananas, sorghum, corn, mangoes, sugarcane; not self-sufficient in food; distribution of food disrupted by civil strife; fishing potential largely unexploited Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $639 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $1.1 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $336 million Currency: 1 Somali shilling (So. Sh.) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Somali shillings (So. Sh.) per US$1 - approximately 5,000 (1 January 1995), 2,616 (1 July 1993), 4,200 (December 1992), 3,800.00 (December 1990), 490.7 (1989), Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Somalia Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 22,500 km paved: 2,700 km unpaved: gravel 3,000 km; improved, stabilized earth 16,800 km (1992) Pipelines: crude oil 15 km Ports: Bender Cassim (Boosaaso), Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu Merchant marine: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,529 GRT/6,892 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 Airports: total: 76 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 14 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 16 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 33 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Somalia Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; the public telecommunications system was completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; all relief organizations depend on their own private systems (1993) local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Somalia Defense Forces Branches: no functioning central government military forces; clan militias continue to battle for control of key economic or political prizes Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,736,673; males fit for military service 972,203 (1995 est. Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP SOMALIA - Passport required. For further information contact Consulate of the Somali Democratic Republic in New York (212/688-9410). Message-ID: <940826171845_76702.1202_CHN14-1@CompuServe.COM> STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Somalia ============================================================ Somalia - Travel Warning August 26, 1994 The Department of State warns U.S. citizens against all travel to ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Somalia ============================================================ Somalia - Travel Warning April 6, 1995 The Department of State warns U.S. citizens against all travel to Somalia. The United States Liaison Office in Mogadishu relocated to Nairobi, Kenya, in September 1994; there is no way of providing any consular assistance to U.S. citizens in Somalia. U.S. citizens in Somalia were advised to depart the country. All United Nations peacekeeping forces departed Somalia in March 1995. There is a serious risk of renewed fighting in Mogadishu, the capital, as well as throughout Somalia. No. 95-009 This replaces the Travel Warning dated February 17, 1995, to note that UN peacekeeping forces are no longer in Somalia. JJ Somalia - Consular Information Sheet April 27, 1995 Warning: The Department of State warns U.S. citizens against all travel to Somalia. The United States Liaison Office in Mogadishu relocated to Nairobi, Kenya in September 1994; there is no way of providing any consular assistance to U.S. citizens in Somalia. U.S. citizens in Somalia were advised to depart the country. All United Nations peacekeeping forces departed Somalia in March 1995. There is a serious risk of renewed fighting in Mogadishu, the capital, as well as throughout Somalia. Areas of Instability: Looting, banditry, and all forms of violent crime are common in Somalia, particularly in the capital city of Mogadishu. While banditry and inter-clan tension are major problems in many areas of Somalia, these difficulties are less severe in the northern parts of the country. There is no functioning national government, and no U.S. protective service is available. There is no functioning Somali Embassy in Washington D.C. Medical Information: Anyone entering Somalia must receive immunization against cholera, typhoid, and yellow fever, and obtain a doctor's advice regarding any other immunizations that might be necessary. There are virtually no health facilities or medicines available in Somalia. Information on health matters may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Electricity, water, food and lodging are unobtainable on a regular basis. Travelers must be completely self-sufficient. Registration: U.S. citizens who plan to enter Somalia may register at the U.S. Liaison Office (USLO) for Somalia, which is located with the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, at the intersection of Moi and Haile Selassie Avenues. The telephone number is (254-2) 334141. The mailing address is the United States Liaison Office for Somalia, P.O. Box 30137, or Unit 64100, APO AE 09831. No. 95-057 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 23, 1995, to revise the Travel Warning for Somalia. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 Photo_2 M..$.sH M.6$$66H6 ^St>*A bE{OW k"EE; "Wb,b5kE y>`d5 ,W"," ,OW",O, og>g`>`y`S F`YSS > dW,O,k,{ {O,kO SK>SF>FSK> K>F>F > >AA>A {WkWkb{ oYoyK > kW{bE 6[6s[ OEEb;b O;5"Eb5{ W,O,Ok,E;, :4:4: 4:4:44: ^Fy(# p=LL\\ )y`B) GLpp=L \p\L\ ,E;OWW;W N&&V2VffN2 QDDQDDQ WW;E" bu^"< EW;WO M..-. :0J#} J4U4:: 4::Ue 4JJ#: q_}_qzqhh z4:#J eJ4#Jrr4: q_qqx qx~evx e,J0J4 J4e:: xU##q E;OEEO >>F@> FoKK`KKF>g YoFgKFK F`Y-> FF>F5> RVRVRVRVVR RVVRVVRVVR RVRG/% 5E)w>`oFo 1&29N&+1&2 N2&2929929 229+&9++92 929929&22& Y>>tZ( Eg>K>>S^ o`>A<> f!=V&9 +&++&!&!&& oKSS4> &9V9&2 2N9++9& + 1+&(+ yggoK,> WbWW" ;O5;5kb E;E;E ;gAg> ggKW> WOObkbkk W{WOWW {WEO" ;;Ok,O ,b,;EWE"O bk";, bO;ObEOEO; O5ObbWO ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; ]d))Wb b)W&) /S$18 /)_6$ E?EB?A^ ^A?y?A ^A?y 11--1- 1-11- South Africa Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SOUTH_AF x8dot3 English (British) language B;B; THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa Geography Location: Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Map references: Africa Area: total area: 1,219,912 sq km land area: 1,219,912 sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Texas note: includes Prince Edward Islands (Marion Island and Prince Edward Island) Land boundaries: total 4,750 km, Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 855 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km Coastline: 2,798 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom; Climate: mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights Terrain: vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain Natural resources: gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas Land use: arable land: 10% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 65% forest and woodland: 3% other: 21% Irrigated land: 11,280 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage threatens to outpace supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification natural hazards: prolonged droughts THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa Geography international agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea Note: South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa People Population: total: 45,095,459 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (female 8,842,764; male 9,091,722) 15-64 years: 56% (female 12,825,617; male 12,508,039) 65 years and over: 4% (female 1,047,285; male 780,032) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: total: 2.61% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 33.39 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 45.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 65.42 years male: 62.68 years female: 68.25 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.35 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: South African(s) adjective: South African Ethnic divisions: black 75.2%, white 13.6%, Colored 8.6%, Indian 2.6% Religions: Christian (most whites and Coloreds and about 60% of blacks), Hindu (60% of Indians), Muslim 2% Languages: eleven official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980) total population: 76% male: 78% female: 75% Labor force: 13.4 million economically active (1990) by occupation: services 35%, agriculture 30%, industry 20%, mining 9%, other 6% THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of South Africa conventional short form: South Africa Abbreviation: RSA Digraph: SF Type: republic Capital: Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judicial) Administrative divisions: 9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Eastern Transvaal, KwaZulu/Natal, Northern Cape, Northern Transvaal, Northwest, Orange Free State, Gauteng, Western Cape Independence: 31 May 1910 (from UK) National holiday: Freedom Day, 27 April (1994) Constitution: 27 April 1994 (interim constitution, replacing the constitution of 3 September 1984) Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Executive President Nelson MANDELA (since 10 May 1994); Deputy Executive President Thabo MBEKI (since 10 May 1994); Deputy Executive President Frederik W. DE KLERK (since 10 May 1994) note: any political party that wins 20% or more of the National Assembly votes in a general election is entitled to name a Deputy Executive President cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the Executive President Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly: elections last held 26-29 April 1994 (next to be held NA); results - ANC 62.6%, NP 20.4%, IFP 10.5%, FF 2.2%, DP 1.7%, PAC 1.2%, ACDP 0.5%, other 0.9%; seats - (400 total) ANC 252, NP 82, IFP 43, FF 9, DP 7, PAC 5, ACDP 2 Senate: the Senate is composed of members who are nominated by the nine provincial parliaments (which are elected in parallel with the National Assembly) and has special powers to protect regional interests, including the right to limited self-determination for ethnic minorities; seats - (90 total) ANC 61, NP 17, FF 4, IFP 5, DP 3 note: when the National Assembly meets in joint session with the Senate to consider the provisions of the constitution, the combined group is referred to as the Constitutional Assembly Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa Government Political parties and leaders: African National Congress (ANC), Nelson MANDELA, president; National Party (NP), Frederik W. DE KLERK, president; Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI, president; Freedom Front (FF), Constand VILJOEN, president; Democratic Party (DP); Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), Clarence MAKWETU, president; African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP), leader NA note: in addition to these seven parties which received seats in the National Assembly, twelve other parties won votes in the national elections in April 1994 Other political or pressure groups: NA;; Member of: BIS, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Franklin SONN chancery: 3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 232-4400 consulate(s) general: Beverly Hills (California), Chicago, and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Princeton N. LYMAN embassy: 877 Pretorius St., Arcadia 0083 mailing address: P.O. Box 9536, Pretoria 0001 telephone: [27] (12) 342-1048 FAX: [27] (12) 342-2244 consulate(s) general: Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg Flag: two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band which splits into a horozontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side, embracing a black isoceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes note: prior to 26 April 1994, the flag was actually four flags in one - three miniature flags reproduced in the center of the white band of the former flag of the Netherlands, which has three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and blue; the miniature flags are a vertically hanging flag of the old Orange Free State with a horizontal flag of the UK adjoining on the hoist side and a horizontal flag of the old Transvaal Republic adjoining on the other side THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa Economy Overview: Many of the white one-seventh of the South African population enjoy incomes, material comforts, and health and educational standards equal to those of Western Europe. In contrast, most of the remaining population suffers from the poverty patterns of the Third World, including unemployment and lack of job skills. The main strength of the economy lies in its rich mineral resources, which provide two-thirds of exports. Economic developments for the remainder of the 1990s will be driven largely by the new government's attempts to improve black living conditions, to set the country on an aggressive export-led growth path, and to cut back the enormous numbers of unemployed. The economy in recent years has absorbed less than 5% of the more than 300,000 workers entering the labor force annually. Local economists estimate that the economy must grow between 5% and 6% in real terms annually to absorb all of the new entrants, much less reduce the accumulated total. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $194.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $4,420 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 32.6% (1994 est.); an additional 11% underemployment Budget: revenues: $26.3 billion expenditures: $34 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.5 billion (FY93/94 est.) Exports: $25.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: gold 27%, other minerals and metals 20%-25%, food 5%, chemicals 3% partners: Italy, Japan, US, Germany, UK, other EU countries, Hong Kong Imports: $21.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: machinery 32%, transport equipment 15%, chemicals 11%, oil, textiles, scientific instruments partners: Germany, US, Japan, UK, Italy External debt: $18 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for about 40% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 39,750,000 kW production: 163 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,482 kWh (1993) Industries: mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer, foodstuffs THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa Economy Agriculture: accounts for about 5% of GDP and 30% of labor force; diversified agriculture, with emphasis on livestock; products - cattle, poultry, sheep, wool, milk, beef, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; self-sufficient in food Illicit drugs: transshipment center for heroin and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries Economic aid: many aid packages for the new government are still being prepared; current aid pledges include US $600 million over 3 years; UK $150 million over 3 years; Australia $21 million over 3 years; Japan $1.3 billion over 2 years Currency: 1 rand (R) = 100 cents Exchange rates: rand (R) per US$1 - 3.5389 (January 1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa Transportation Railroads: total: 20,638 km narrow gauge: 20,324 km 1.067-m gauge (substantial electrification); 314 km 0.610-m gauge Highways: total: 188,309 km paved: 54,013 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, improved earth 134,296 km Pipelines: crude oil 931 km; petroleum products 1,748 km; natural gas 322 km Ports: Cape Town, Durban, East London, Mosselbaai, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Merchant marine: total: 4 container ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 211,276 GRT/198,602 DWT Airports: 853 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 9 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 47 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 72 with paved runways under 914 m: 327 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 39 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 354 THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa Communications Telephone system: over 4,500,000 telephones; the system is the best developed, most modern, and has the highest capacity in Africa local: NA intercity: consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber optic cable, and radiocommunication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria international: 1 submarine cable; 3 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 14, FM 286, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 67 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Africa Defense Forces Branches: South African National Defence Force (SANDF; includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Medical Services), South African Police Service (SAPS) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 10,830,079; males fit for military service 6,601,323; males reach military age (18) annually 439,793 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 2.8% of GDP (FY93/94) @SOUTH AFRICA - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist stay up to 90 days. Malarial suppressants are recommended. For business travel, a visa and company letter are required. For more information contact: Embassy of South Africa, Attn: Consular Office, 3201 New Mexico Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 (202/966-1650) or nearest Consulate: CA (310/657-9200), IL (312/939-7929), or NY (212/213-4880). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - South Africa ============================================================ South Africa - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Although South Africa is in many respects a developed country, much of its population lives in poverty. There are adequate facilities in all urban centers, game parks and areas most commonly visited by tourists. Food and water are generally safe, and a wide variety of consumer goods and pharmaceuticals are readily available. Entry Requirements: Travelers may obtain information on entry requirements from the Embassy of South Africa, 3201 New Mexico Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016, telephone (202) 966-1650, or the South African consulates in Beverly Hills, Chicago, or New York. Overseas, inquiries should be made at the nearest South African Embassy or Consulate. Areas of Instability: Political violence has significantly decreased in most areas of South Africa since the establishment of a democratically elected government in May 1994. Throughout most of South Africa, the political situation is stabilizing as the country consolidates its transition to non-racial democracy. However, some public gatherings have provoked violent clashes between political factions, which have resulted in casualties. The highest incidence of violence occurs in the province of Kwazulu/Natal, particularly in townships near Durban. Although foreigners have not been specifically targeted in these attacks, some have been caught up in general disturbances. Some townships in the vicinity of major cities, most notably Durban, Johannesburg, and Cape Town, have been scenes of violent demonstrations and factional conflict. Areas most frequented by tourists, such as major hotels, game parks and beaches, have not been affected by political or factional violence. Road conditions are generally good. However, drivers are allowed relatively high rates of speed on major thoroughfares, and the poor lighting on rural roads and insufficient regulatory control regarding driver licensing and vehicle maintenance pose dangers to travelers. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are good in urban areas and in the vicinity of game parks and beaches, but may be limited elsewhere. Doctors and hospitals often require immediate cash payment for health services, but usually accept major credit cards in addition to cash. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside of the U.S. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Although the vast majority of visitors complete their travels in South Africa without incident, visitors should be aware that criminal activity, sometimes violent, is reported on a routine basis. Criminal activity, such as assault and armed robbery, is present in areas surrounding downtown and suburban hotels and public transportation centers, especially in major cities. Car hijacking is also prevalent in the suburbs of major metropolitan areas. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Travel to the former "Independent Homelands": Although the new constitution provides for the reincorporation of Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, and Venda into South Africa, at this time many former homeland institutions, notably police authorities, remain in place. Since these structures are not necessarily accustomed to responding to diplomatic and consular representations, the U.S. government may still face some difficulties in providing consular assistance in the former homelands. Until homeland structures are fully incorporated into mainstream South African administration, there are likely to be occasional strikes and unrest which could affect Americans traveling in these areas. The South African police advise against travel to the former Homeland of Transkei, and urge caution while traveling in Ciskei. Travelers may contact U.S. consulates in Cape Town or Durban before embarking on trips to the eastern cape or extreme southern Natal, which have incorporated the territory formerly known as the Homelands of Ciskei and Transkei. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Aviation Oversight: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in November 1994, the FAA has found the Government of South Africa's Civil Aviation Authority to be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of South African air carrier operations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Embassy Registration/Location: U.S. citizens are encouraged to register with the the Consular Sections at the U.S. Embassy or the nearest U.S. consulate and to obtain updated information on travel and security in South Africa. The U.S. Embassy is located at 877 Pretorius Street in Pretoria, telephone (27-12) 342-1048. Note: The U.S. consulate general in Johannesburg provides most consular services for Americans in the Pretoria area. The Consulate General in Johannesburg is located at Kine Center, 11th Floor, 141 Commissioner Street (intersection with Kruis Street), telephone (27-11) 331-1681. Its consular jurisdiction includes Gauteng, Eastern Transvaal, Northern, North West, and Free State Provinces. The Consulate General in Cape Town is located at Broadway Industries Center, Heerengracht, Foreshore, telephone (27-21) 214-280. Its consular jurisdiction includes Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and Northern Cape Provinces. The Consulate General in Durban is located at Durban House, 29th Floor, 333 Smith Street, telephone (27-31) 304-4737. Its consular jurisdiction includes Kwazulu/Natal province. No. 95-148 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 30, 1995, to revise the paragraphs on Areas of Instability and the Information on Crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - South Africa ============================================================ South Africa - Public Announcement April 18, 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The U.S. Embassy in Pretoria has issued the following statement: All American mission personnel are cautioned to delay non-essential travel to the central business district of Johannesburg during the week of April 18. The Inkatha Freedom Party has called for "Rolling Mass Action" (demonstrations, marches and sit-ins) for the week. South African Government authorities have denied the IFP permission to march in the city. The possibility of violent clashes between marchers and security forces is great. No. 94-sss ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - South Africa ============================================================ South Africa - Consular Information Sheet November 13, 1995 Country Description: Although South Africa is in many respects a developed country, much of its population lives in poverty. There are adequate facilities in all urban centers, game parks and areas most commonly visited by tourists. Food and water are generally safe, and a wide variety of consumer goods and pharmaceuticals are readily available. Entry Requirements: Travelers may obtain information on entry requirements from the Embassy of South Africa, 3201 New Mexico Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016, telephone (202) 966-1650, or the South African consulates in Beverly Hills, Chicago, or New York. Overseas, inquiries should be made at the nearest South African Embassy or Consulate. Areas of Instability: Political violence has significantly decreased in most areas of South Africa since the establishment of a democratically elected government in May 1994. Throughout most of South Africa, the political situation is stabilizing as the country consolidates its transition to non-racial democracy. However, some public gatherings have provoked violent clashes between political factions, which have resulted in casualties. The highest incidence of violence occurs in the province of Kwazulu/Natal, particularly in townships near Durban. Although foreigners have not been specifically targeted in these attacks, some have been caught up in general disturbances. Some townships in the vicinity of major cities, most notably Durban, Johannesburg, and Cape Town, have been scenes of violent demonstrations and factional conflict. Areas most frequented by tourists, such as major hotels, game parks and beaches, have not been affected by political or factional violence. Road conditions are generally good. However, drivers are allowed relatively high rates of speed on major thoroughfares, and the poor lighting on rural roads and insufficient regulatory control regarding driver licensing and vehicle maintenance pose dangers to travelers. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are good in urban areas and in the vicinity of game parks and beaches, but may be limited elsewhere. Doctors and hospitals often require immediate cash payment for health services, but usually accept major credit cards in addition to cash. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside of the U.S. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Although the vast majority of visitors complete their travels in South Africa without incident, visitors should be aware that criminal activity, sometimes violent, is reported on a routine basis. Criminal activity, such as assault and armed robbery, is present in areas surrounding downtown and suburban hotels and public transportation centers, especially in major cities. Car hijacking is also prevalent in the suburbs of major metropolitan areas. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Travel to the former "Independent Homelands": Although the new constitution provides for the reincorporation of Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, and Venda into South Africa, at this time many former homeland institutions, notably police authorities, remain in place. Since these structures are not necessarily accustomed to responding to diplomatic and consular representations, the U.S. government may still face some difficulties in providing consular assistance in the former homelands. Until homeland structures are fully incorporated into mainstream South African administration, there are likely to be occasional strikes and unrest which could affect Americans traveling in these areas. The South African police advise against travel to the former Homeland of Transkei, and urge caution while traveling in Ciskei. Travelers may contact U.S. consulates in Cape Town or Durban before embarking on trips to the eastern cape or extreme southern Natal, which have incorporated the territory formerly known as the Homelands of Ciskei and Transkei. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Aviation Oversight: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in November 1994, the FAA has found the Government of South Africa's Civil Aviation Authority to be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of South African air carrier operations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Embassy Registration/Location: U.S. citizens are encouraged to register with the the Consular Sections at the U.S. Embassy or the nearest U.S. consulate and to obtain updated information on travel and security in South Africa. The U.S. Embassy is located at 877 Pretorius Street in Pretoria, telephone (27-12) 342-1048. Note: The U.S. consulate general in Johannesburg provides most consular services for Americans in the Pretoria area. The Consulate General in Johannesburg is located at Kine Center, 11th Floor, 141 Commissioner Street (intersection with Kruis Street), telephone (27-11) 331-1681. Its consular jurisdiction includes Gauteng, Eastern Transvaal, Northern, North West, and Free State Provinces. The Consulate General in Cape Town is located at Broadway Industries Center, Heerengracht, Foreshore, telephone (27-21) 214-280. Its consular jurisdiction includes Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and Northern Cape Provinces. The Consulate General in Durban is located at Durban House, 29th Floor, 333 Smith Street, telephone (27-31) 304-4737. Its consular jurisdiction includes Kwazulu/Natal province. No. 95-148 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated August 30, 1995, to revise the paragraphs on Areas of Instability and the Information on Crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_3 movie_2 movie_1 Photo_2 Photo_1 FM77RkkXMF U(4(; Jl`{ll Qhhx]=x =h'== bT|ir jTjLjjSdz M_g}gp HxQ-QN -Q== Q] =- Q3]Hh yywyw CVVACVV VCVVC ( U{; V9CC9C9A }ppyD 2.2g5DD .5.S$jT!I .5.I2b. !Lb55L q!L!j LSGb.. b.!G5j !.!i. .5!.y..j!. 55b5L zpL!Tp !w5.j 5.|2a!22G2 j2T.22IG 55!L! 2!S!5!| L!52!L !!.G. 5!w5!!5 T!T5! T.w!InSI 5|5.22 T2S5Gj5G22 Lb!jT2Ggz F77<77FF ITI5T I^Tj.e!T 5j.T5. !I5T2! 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RQYQyA ^hOXL RY;#QA sQQYQYQ#Q YQ#QYQ#QYQ #RR69 QFRh0 6YYQRR RRhhRhZ :00`0OT= 0TO`0OT=0T O`0OT=0TO` 0OT=0TO`0O T=0TO`0OT= 0TO`0OT=0T O`0OT=0TO` 0OT=0TO`0O T=0TO`0OT= 0TO`0OT=0T O`0OT=0TO` 0OT=0TO`0O T=0TO`0OT= 0TO`0OT=0T O`QOT=0TO` 0OT=0TO`0O T=0TO`0OT= 0TO`0OT=0T O`0OT=0TO` 0OT=0TO`0: -y11y- t11u1 1--12 11--1 11-1-11 South Georgia Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SOUTH_GE x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Header Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK) THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Geography Location: Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America Map references: Antarctic Region Area: total area: 4,066 sq km land area: 4,066 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Rhode Island note: includes Shag Rocks, Clerke Rocks, Bird Island Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: NA km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: administered by the UK, claimed by Argentina Climate: variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year, interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow Terrain: most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Geography Note: the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in this century, live on South Georgia THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands People Population: no indigenous population; there is a small military garrison on South Georgia, and the British Antarctic Survey has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Government Names: conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none Digraph: SX Type: dependent territory of the UK Capital: none; Grytviken on South Georgia is the garrison town Administrative divisions: none (dependent territory of the UK) Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK) National holiday: Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) Constitution: 3 October 1985 Legal system: English common law Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Commissioner David Everard TATHAM (since August 1992; resident at Stanley, Falkland Islands) Legislative branch: no elections Judicial branch: none THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Economy Overview: Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK. Budget: revenues: $291,777 expenditures: $451,000, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988 est.) Electricity: capacity: 900 kW production: 2 million kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Transportation Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Grytviken Airports: none THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; coastal radio station at Grytviken local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK Map Button Image Show Map ^YY[Y[Y[YY [Y[YY [[Y^`YY[Y ^[[^[f^jj[ f|cYlas^sY cjYljfoo ||nwrmwjYj rowrjmlcwr lcwnma [`mj`jw`fY camc^^Y [YX*b UY[`^[ Y^[[Y[[^^ Y[[^[[^[[Y [^[ Y [[^YY^ a^Yjnmf jlw|s Yjo|jl|wmf Pd0II [woYojmmY[ Y l`Yjf [Y[``a^aac ^`c^`^[[^a ^[[^Y[ [[Ya`[[^^[ ^[YY[^YY`^ Y ^^[^Y[YY^[ ^Y[Y[[ jmlw|s wcrcj cYY[Y Y[Yr|Y^YY[ ^Y|wYs|Y^ [^^Y^^[^Y[ [Y[`` [[Y[^ ^^Y[^YY[^` wY^[Y[[Y^ `^^``[^^a^ [^`^`[Y^^` ^^``[[^a[ ^[[`^[`^`Y Y[YY[ ^[YaYY[[`Y ^Y^Y^#Y nroawaYY |ws`wYr njnocjrY mlmmY[ fw[Yl ^YY^Y Y`YY^Y Y`YY^Y |Y[ Y `f`mmY cjYlcY |^^jlY jY[ Y [[^[`[YY^ ^^[[^Y[YY nnY`Y` [Y[Y` nmYY[[YY`^ ^Y[Y[[Yaj^ [Y[Y^^ Y[Y[^^[[Y[ [Y[[Y[YY Y[YY^[ ^[[^Y^Y Y^^YY[^Y ^[Y[[6Y Y^[W^YYUY [YY[[^[[Y[ ^[[YY ^[Y[[ `^YnfcrY^[ ocYnnc[Yrj [YY[[f [a``^^`^^[ ^`Y^^Y^^`^ ^``[[^a^Y^ ^[YcY [`[Yr |YrnY[Yr ^lsYcwY[ Y`[[^` [`^Y`^``[` Y[Y[[ [Y[[YY^ Yjc`a YjoY`cY |[^flY aY^YwrY[$Y ^Y[^[^ `a[s^^Ym `[^^[`[ [^^[^^Y`^[ YYn|Y ^Y^^[Y[ [Y^^Y[ [^YY`Y[ |Y^[[&Y eY[^'Y [Y|wY[YY[Y |wY|Y Y[Y[Yr [^[[^[^^Y [[Y[Y^[Y[[ O@2gLgpxOL ^[[Y[`Y[Y[ [^^[^^[[Y[ [Y`Y^^[[^^ ^Y^Ym osY^YY [YorYYl^ [[Y[^^[[`[ `a^Y` ^^`[[ ^Y^`Y^[^ cr`Y^aYY[[ rlln^rj[-Y |Y[SY [a^Y`^Ya`^ ^Y[aY[[ |Y[5Y |Y[RY mclmn mc^'Y yYc^QY [^^[^^[[Y[ sY[SY ^Y^[Y ^Y['Y [oj[|lYcrj ^a[^^Ycj5Y |Y^PY lY[PY wY[PY ^[`Y| [[f`Yl oYYj|Y yY^^UY e^[ZY [^^Y`^^7Y [`aY| ^`Y[`Y^cY wY^[Y [^YY`Y [[Y`[ |m|`YY `Y^Yr frYY[YY^[| Y^Y[a[ Y^Y[`Y^[ ^YY[[nY^Y[ [^jf[`^`[` YY^`a`Ya`Y `aYa[Y^Y[` Yc^Y[YY^YY ^YY^YY[[Yw lYY^Y aY``Y^[` [``[`Y`[YY [`^YY[ [^^[^`[`[^ ^`YY^Y` ^aa[ Y [YY^Y |wmU\Y hVFFJY "21/221 13121//23/ 232133 22//1321"p g(43/1 3113123213 3//2312 23/232133/ 1/221 32/331232 13/2313312 32//3211 231//32/13 31231//1 /1122/232/ 23/3213312 31//3121/1 252<@FU )E45(% /CAAf> lAff.>! fA!f.>>A D??11K5?55 KUD51U? f>>A> f>AA> f>A6A> f>!>wAf>! ywO_uu /NN/c &cN&/ C&L9/*9 /]/9/ Q;3J3/ ;9&g> T<0H=;;f 8bh<0 IFWa]Qa JGPLG GLLGGJ JLLGGLGLLG JLLGGLLG GNDCWa]Qa F>25@ ?2;@@;2284 2>;25@47GT ;27@?/?88E 48?2/552;8 4@?2;E;/27 E2>AWa]Qa T;EE;^ J?Wa] 2J@E8 /`a]Ra >E@E;e q;EE;e 2GWa] /JE;e q;`a]ba J?E;e z8`a]`a z>L;BP8> PJ;B;;7TT4 JTLPJ?E7^ &J8TN;> 29NT97JL>= L;;F4G; /PT3@AWa]aa q8EEB>EE >>JJ2q /J?>?>?E@ ^?J;J> /L?;GG? ?@B?EE?JJ/ 4J;G@AW H<<>e e ^Pxx[ jrUjffIL1I UIL1I LUUVL0I [IL1I LVVP-I LUVVGFIj jILLU5I LILIL7I LLIID xIVV,I PVUUPVULUI VLPUU4I UVUoI LLPPkI "8ii"8i 7@(]@@pe@e JPVPfI p@@e(p j[ILVLdI ~pe7~@@p~( IUUcI IUL`I \MPL]I PUUPUIVUIL UPPILVPLUU VIUPLUULPP UPUVLIIL ULP\I LLIILIILLI VML[I jILZI IFTFJGTGI PLPLZUPL LPPLUII [LLHI PILIIUUIUI VUVULLIL LUPUPPVLIU VVLIPPUMI PPILU LLPPLUILP PIPLIPIPLI xIPFI [jfIUjPZJV UVRZZVIjf^ ZPj^[IIUI xIPFI IVLLIL IZPPVPI VIUPV s8is> 8)ni> rjjrr [ILUI fxrJPILfUI ZfILL oaoaka LPIUIIULII PLLPLUUIIL UPIPIr XaqyX fILTI jILTI p~pe~ +6b'9z9z ?N9/b+ e@~@~7(@ (~7p( (~7~(~(@]( `\\`\ \`\\` fILVI RILVI xGLXI rJU\I LLPIPIPLLP [IL\I LILLJL I PPLPLLPILP ILILP ILIPLPL UODDK jIL1I LPIP^UI L[PJML PQCGLIr^IL Pxx^xf xU^If xjjLj LQCj| LUPPULUPPU PILPL f^IILLVP rILaI xGL I ILILILPL srCL I xIPbI drDL$I xILcI |^DL%I IZPeI VILfI fGL$I _jFL$I rIPiI ^DVPLL fIDDF hhl{?{?? rJPPI jGLIL f^ILPIIP PUIUIUUIPU LUIUIUUPUP LLULLUP OQFKGL jIPfU xZ[LFOGGDO LIILC` LIILC` pjDFDG xIrjI rJLIL UVIIVVPIUU IPVLV PPUUIIPVLL IIPVVLIPL IUL&I LDr_d UPIPGr |fDIIPVL LVUPUIUIVI IVILLII rJV)I 9l??l9!! ^GU+I rJU,I rJU.I IZII^ rJU/I DPLILL PLPLIPLPPJ PVUGGLIr UVULL LIILLPLLII LIPVUV RPP[VJJIJJ [ZPUIZZLLU.I xLP,I fIL,I =hvhk xIP,I jZP/I LPLILL ULPPIL2I LPQZGQOPU prCQFDK GfQLDL pxKVVZC GU.IJL PPUJV jDL)I wfCL)I wfCL)I q::AIJ wfCL)I ''++'++'++ '++''++'++ ''+''+ +-95AIF wfCL)I 11'+694++3 66++/ ''46-'6++/ ++-++1-++1 +'34+-6'- wfCL)I 313AIF wfCL)I b-41b 313AIF wfCL)I N-36$ 313AIF wfCL)I N-36+ 116/m+ 313AIF wfCL)I N-36' 313AIF w^D*I 313AIF ?mz6116' 313AIF IILDjd wfDL)I +'11-'-+'6 ''+14- '+4 1 313AIF wfCL)I m+941 61466+ 313AIF wfCL+I +0+&- IID^| wfCL+I wfCL+I KIBN: )>iiY) nYiYiY ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; LLc;L m8mV1L cmccd c88cd mcmmc 88mcmm cLLVmm8mmc LdLdcm 8mmcmc 8m8cc8 mmLLcmLcmc cmm3L VLLVcLV OOd<<\dTOT TTdOT TTdTOTOOTT dTOTdTOT:T `O=OTO=O=T TO=OTO=T=T =OTO:T=TdT =T:TOT:TT OO`T`TOTO OO`\< =.,:T,,.=. :.=.=.:.:. =.:.=.=.:. =.:.=.:.=. :.=.:.=.:. :.=.:.=.=. :.=.:.=.:. =.:.=.:.1. =.=.:.=.:. =.=.:.=.:. :.1.1.,.:. :..=a: =.:.=.:1:. =,=.:1:.:1 :.:1:.=,:. :1:.:1:.=a =.::g.:g:. :a=.:1:.=a :.=a:.:1:. =a:.:1:.:= a.=a:.=,=. ,.:g:..O T.T:=:T=T ,=a::g:= a::g:a=a=: a:=a:=a:=a =:g:=a:g:: a=:g:=a::g :=a=:a:=a= :g::g:=a=: a:=a=:g:=a =:a:=a=:a: :=aTOTOT=: :=a:.T <=!.=a=::a =:g:==a::g :=a:=a:=a= :a:=a:g:=a =:g::a=:g: =a::g:=a:: g::g:=a::g :=a=:a:=a: :g:=a::a=: T.=: HH:,k Ol^Ol llOlO sBcc$$@@/ >E>xL $8$c/s nenen /c$s@$c/ B8s/s/ /B$@@ /$@@B pp[pp[ aaDa>aV }u>ruu}uuo }o`VMX bhqmm{ou} M>MrrMM a>MIRRYYXY XRXq} VMMZgXYgRY }}ouugX@ @XFbX@ggX@ RX@@m ouohhRY /8$@/ YbXYY @gR@@ ($R@@o@@ @gb((0Wo uoYRXbhR@ XbXXYgRo}g o}ohYRX RXbYRbXRbR Rhq}} ouqgX FXPXRXRYK gYYRoo} XYYRhz }o}}u Rbbo}} }uumqb }o{ogb INKW@FFYRb bRXX}u bYYXhF oRbRYRXF gRXRXg xafaf YXYRggF EM}qb YhYhYY bKNKR fw}oY RggoYYFYbb gWRYRXXggY ogoRYbgbgX FKNIFY XRRq} gXYYXmW XXRXuu }oo``mW` :t,H .**.**.**. **''* O^**' '**'O !t4!t '**'^ '**'O O'*''* *''*'' '*'' * .**.. * p+G+1[#9G2 pp[p[p 2##%% 22%#% #%%#XX #%%#% p#p#p# #%p#p pp%%# ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % %%##%% 2# ? %%#%% 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K %#%##% ##%%# %%#%% ##%#% BOJ;; BOJ;; Suriname Map Button Image 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Suriname Geography Location: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana Map references: South America Area: total area: 163,270 sq km land area: 161,470 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Georgia Land boundaries: total 1,707 km, Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km Coastline: 386 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claims area in French Guiana between Litani Rivier and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa Rivier); claims area in Guyana between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Koetari Rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne) Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds Terrain: mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps Natural resources: timber, hydropower potential, fish, shrimp, bauxite, iron ore, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, gold Land use: arable land: NEGL% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 97% other: 3% Irrigated land: 590 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation as foreign producers obtain timber concessions natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea Note: mostly tropical rain forest; great diversity of flora and fauna which for the most part is not threatened because of the lack of development; relatively small population most of which lives along the coast THE WORLD FACTBOOK Suriname People Population: 429,544 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 34% (female 70,845; male 74,330) 15-64 years: 61% (female 130,153; male 133,693) 65 years and over: 5% (female 10,897; male 9,626) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.58% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 24.72 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.91 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 30.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.76 years male: 67.24 years female: 72.41 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.73 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Surinamer(s) adjective: Surinamese Ethnic divisions: Hindustani (also known locally as "East" Indians; their ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the 19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed European and African ancestry) 31%, Javanese 15.3%, "Bush Black" (also known as "Bush Creole" whose ancestors were brought to the country in the 17th and 18th centuries as slaves) 10.3%, Amerindian 2.6%, Chinese 1.7%, Europeans 1%, other 1.1% Religions: Hindu 27.4%, Muslim 19.6%, Roman Catholic 22.8%, Protestant 25.2% (predominantly Moravian), indigenous beliefs 5% Languages: Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 95% male: 95% female: 95% Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Suriname Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Suriname conventional short form: Suriname local long form: Republiek Suriname local short form: Suriname former: Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana Digraph: NS Type: republic Capital: Paramaribo Administrative divisions: 10 districts (distrikten, singular - distrikt); Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica Independence: 25 November 1975 (from Netherlands) National holiday: Independence Day, 25 November (1975) Constitution: ratified 30 September 1987 Legal system: NA Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Ronald R. VENETIAAN (since 16 September 1991); Prime Minister Jules R. AJODHIA (since 16 September 1991); election last held 6 September 1991 (next to be held NA May 1996); results - elected by the National Assembly - Ronald VENETIAAN (NF) 80% (645 votes), Jules WIJDENBOSCH (NDP) 14% (115 votes), Hans PRADE (DA '91) 6% (49 votes) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers; appointed by the president from members of the National Assembly note: Commander in Chief of the National Army maintains significant power Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 25 May 1991 (next to be held NA May 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (51 total) NF 30, NDP 10, DA '91 9, independents 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Suriname Government Political parties and leaders: The New Front (NF), a coalition of four parties (NPS, VHP, KTPI, SPA), leader Ronald R. VENETIAAN; Progressive Reform Party (VHP), Jaggernath LACHMON; National Party of Suriname (NPS), Ronald VENETIAAN; Party of National Unity and Solidarity (KTPI), Willy SOEMITA; Suriname Labor Party (SPA), Fred DERBY; Democratic Alternative '91 (DA '91), Winston JESSURUN, a coalition of four parties (AF, HPP, Pendawa Lima, BEP) formed in January 1991; Alternative Forum (AF), Gerard BRUNINGS, Winston JESSURUN; Reformed Progressive Party (HPP), Panalal PARMESSAR; Party for Brotherhood and Unity in Politics (BEP), Caprino ALLENDY; Pendawa Lima, Marsha JAMIN; National Democratic Party (NDP), Desire BOUTERSE; Progressive Workers' and Farm Laborers' Union (PALU), Ir Iwan KROLIS, chairman; Other political or pressure groups: Surinamese Liberation Army (SLA), Ronnie BRUNSWIJK, Johan "Castro" WALLY; Union for Liberation and Democracy, Kofi AFONGPONG; Mandela Bushnegro Liberation Movement, Leendert ADAMS; Tucayana Amazonica, Alex JUBITANA, Thomas SABAJO Member of: ACP, CARICOM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Willem A. UDENHOUT chancery: Suite 108, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-7488, 7490 through 7492 FAX: [1] (202) 244-5878 consulate(s) general: Miami US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Roger R. GAMBLE embassy: Dr. Sophie Redmondstraat 129, Paramaribo mailing address: P. O. Box 1821, Paramaribo telephone: [597] 472900, 477881, 476459 FAX: [597] 410025 Flag: five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is a large yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Suriname Economy Overview: The economy is dominated by the bauxite industry, which accounts for 15% of GDP and about 70% of export earnings. Paramaribo has failed to initiate the economic reforms necessary to stabilize the economy or win renewed Dutch aid disbursements. The government continues to finance deficit spending with monetary emissions. As a result, high inflation, high unemployment, widespread black market activity, and hard currency shortfalls continue to mark the economy. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -0.8% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,800 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 225% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA Budget: revenues: $300 million expenditures: $700 million, including capital expenditures of $70 million (1994 est.) Exports: $443.3 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: alumina, aluminum, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas partners: Norway 33%, Netherlands 26%, US 13%, Japan 6%, Brazil 6%, UK 3% (1992) Imports: $520.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods partners: US 42%, Netherlands 22%, Trinidad and Tobago 10%, Brazil 5% (1992) External debt: $180 million (March 1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 3.5% (1992 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 420,000 kW production: 1.4 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,123 kWh (1993) Industries: bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering, food processing, fishing Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GDP and 25% of export earnings; paddy rice planted on 85% of arable land and represents 60% of total farm output; other products - bananas, palm kernels, coconuts, plantains, peanuts, beef, chicken; shrimp and forestry products of increasing importance; self-sufficient in most foods Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Suriname Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $2.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5 billion Currency: 1 Surinamese guilder, gulden, or florin (Sf.) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Surinamese guilders, gulden, or florins (Sf.) per US$1 - 1.7850 (fixed rate); parallel rate 510 (December 1994), 109 (January 1994) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Suriname Transportation Railroads: total: 166 km (single track) standard gauge: 80 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 86 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 8,800 km paved: 500 km unpaved: bauxite, gravel, crushed stone 5,400 km; improved and unimproved earth 2,900 km Inland waterways: 1,200 km; most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging up to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways Ports: Albina, Moengo, Nieuw Nickerie, Paramaribo, Paranam, Wageningen Merchant marine: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,421 GRT/2,990 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, container 1 Airports: total: 46 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 38 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Suriname Communications Telephone system: 27,500 telephones; international facilities good local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay network international: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 14, shortwave 1 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 6 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Suriname Defense Forces Branches: National Army (includes small Navy and Air Force elements), Civil Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 116,456; males fit for military service 69,011 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP ~8~8SURINAME - Passport and visa required. Multiple-entry visa requires 2 application forms and 2 photos. Business visa requires letter from sponsoring company. For return of passport by mail, send $5 for registered mail or $9.95 for Express Mail. For additional requirements contact Embassy of the Republic of Suriname, Suite 108, 4301 Conn. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/244-7488 and 7490) or the Consulate: Miami (305/593-2163). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Suriname ============================================================ Suriname - Consular Information Sheet August 2, 1995 Country Description: Suriname is a developing nation. Transportation, communications and other infrastructure elements do not meet U.S. standards. Roads in the interior are poorly maintained and often unpassable. Tourist facilities vary, depending on price and area. The government of Suriname and private tourism companies have expanded tourism in the interior by establishing several guest houses and tour packages. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required for travel to Suriname. A business visa requires a letter from the sponsoring company. The Surinamese government has implemented a requirement that visitors exchange a certain amount of money, currently the equivalent of 300 Dutch Guilders (approximately $180.00). The exchange may be made at the office of the Central Bank or at commercial banks in Paramaribo. Visitors will receive a receipt for the exchange, which must be presented at the airport or border when departing Suriname. For further information concerning entry requirements, including up to date information on the exchange requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of the Republic of Suriname, 4301 Connecticut Avenue N.W., Suite 108, Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 244-7488 or the Suriname Consulate in Miami. Areas on Instability: While the situation in the countryside is at present stable, there is insufficient police authority over much of the interior of Suriname to offer assistance in an emergency. Unaccompanied travel to the interior, particularly the East-West Highway between Paramaribo and Albina, is considered risky due to the high incidence of robberies and assaults along this route. Isolated acts of violence, particularly in, but not limited to the interior, may occur. Travelers to remote areas of the interior of Suriname should be aware that they may encounter difficulties because of the lack of government authority throughout the interior and inadequate medical facilities in some areas. The ability of the U.S. Embassy to assist in an emergency situation may be hampered by limited transportation and communications in some areas. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited and does not meet U.S. standards. Americans visiting Suriname who are injured or become ill during their visit will not be admitted to the only hospital with emergency and intensive care facilities unless they pay an advance deposit equal to ten days stay (payable only in U.S. dollars) or provide proof of adequate insurance coverage in a form acceptable to the hospital. Daily room charges currently range from 675 to 1,130 U.S. dollars. Comparable fees are imposed by all other hospitals in Suriname. Some health insurance policies limit or exclude reimbursement for medical expenses incurred outside of the U.S. Travelers can consult their health insurance company for information about reimbursement for medical expenses incurred outside of the U.S. In some cases, supplementary medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The rate of violent crime has increased. Burglary and armed robbery are increasingly common in the capital city of Paramaribo, as well as in the outlying areas. Banditry occurs along routes in the interior of the country where police protection is inadequate. An increasing number of tourists report being attacked and robbed. Visitors may wish to exercise caution when traveling to the interior without an organized tour group, and secure their belongings carefully while staying in Paramaribo. Visitors may find it useful to carry photocopies of their passport, drivers license, credit cards and other important papers and leave the originals in a safe place. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens should be aware that birth certificates and/or drivers licenses generally cannot be replaced outside of the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Other Information: Travelers to Suriname may experience disruptions in travel plans because of the unreliability of scheduled airline service to and from that country. Suriname Airways (SLM), operating in conjunction with Antillean Airways, serves as the only direct air link between the United States and Suriname. Limited flight schedules and ongoing technical problems commonly result in delays. Additionally, transportation to the interior is unreliable. Interior flights are often delayed, sometimes for days, because of mechanical difficulties, fuel shortages, and runway conditions. Dutch is the official language of Suriname; however, English is widely used, and most tourist arrangements can be made in English. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Suriname, located at Dr. Sophie Redmondstraat 129 in Paramaribo; telephone (597) 477-881. At the U.S. Embassy, U.S. citizens can obtain updated information on travel and security in Suriname. This Embassy is also responsible for U.S. interests in French Guiana. No. 95-086 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 18, 1994, to update information on Medical Facilities. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Suriname ============================================================ Suriname - Consular Information Sheet August 2, 1995 Country Description: Suriname is a developing nation. Transportation, communications and other infrastructure elements do not meet U.S. standards. Roads in the interior are poorly maintained and often unpassable. Tourist facilities vary, depending on price and area. The government of Suriname and private tourism companies have expanded tourism in the interior by establishing several guest houses and tour packages. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required for travel to Suriname. A business visa requires a letter from the sponsoring company. The Surinamese government has implemented a requirement that visitors exchange a certain amount of money, currently the equivalent of 300 Dutch Guilders (approximately $180.00). The exchange may be made at the office of the Central Bank or at commercial banks in Paramaribo. Visitors will receive a receipt for the exchange, which must be presented at the airport or border when departing Suriname. For further information concerning entry requirements, including up to date information on the exchange requirements, travelers can contact the Embassy of the Republic of Suriname, 4301 Connecticut Avenue N.W., Suite 108, Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: (202) 244-7488 or the Suriname Consulate in Miami. Areas on Instability: While the situation in the countryside is at present stable, there is insufficient police authority over much of the interior of Suriname to offer assistance in an emergency. Unaccompanied travel to the interior, particularly the East-West Highway between Paramaribo and Albina, is considered risky due to the high incidence of robberies and assaults along this route. Isolated acts of violence, particularly in, but not limited to the interior, may occur. Travelers to remote areas of the interior of Suriname should be aware that they may encounter difficulties because of the lack of government authority throughout the interior and inadequate medical facilities in some areas. The ability of the U.S. Embassy to assist in an emergency situation may be hampered by limited transportation and communications in some areas. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited and does not meet U.S. standards. Americans visiting Suriname who are injured or become ill during their visit will not be admitted to the only hospital with emergency and intensive care facilities unless they pay an advance deposit equal to ten days stay (payable only in U.S. dollars) or provide proof of adequate insurance coverage in a form acceptable to the hospital. Daily room charges currently range from 675 to 1,130 U.S. dollars. Comparable fees are imposed by all other hospitals in Suriname. Some health insurance policies limit or exclude reimbursement for medical expenses incurred outside of the U.S. Travelers can consult their health insurance company for information about reimbursement for medical expenses incurred outside of the U.S. In some cases, supplementary medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The rate of violent crime has increased. Burglary and armed robbery are increasingly common in the capital city of Paramaribo, as well as in the outlying areas. Banditry occurs along routes in the interior of the country where police protection is inadequate. An increasing number of tourists report being attacked and robbed. Visitors may wish to exercise caution when traveling to the interior without an organized tour group, and secure their belongings carefully while staying in Paramaribo. Visitors may find it useful to carry photocopies of their passport, drivers license, credit cards and other important papers and leave the originals in a safe place. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport overseas should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens should be aware that birth certificates and/or drivers licenses generally cannot be replaced outside of the United States. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad," which provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Both this pamphlet and "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America" are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Other Information: Travelers to Suriname may experience disruptions in travel plans because of the unreliability of scheduled airline service to and from that country. Suriname Airways (SLM), operating in conjunction with Antillean Airways, serves as the only direct air link between the United States and Suriname. Limited flight schedules and ongoing technical problems commonly result in delays. Additionally, transportation to the interior is unreliable. Interior flights are often delayed, sometimes for days, because of mechanical difficulties, fuel shortages, and runway conditions. Dutch is the official language of Suriname; however, English is widely used, and most tourist arrangements can be made in English. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Suriname, located at Dr. Sophie Redmondstraat 129 in Paramaribo; telephone (597) 477-881. At the U.S. Embassy, U.S. citizens can obtain updated information on travel and security in Suriname. This Embassy is also responsible for U.S. interests in French Guiana. No. 95-086 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 18, 1994, to update information on Medical Facilities. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Dutch PzFzf Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SURINAME PzFzf language jLAAF >uAAZ\ uLAw! Awx5*! abFAh iDFrr bLAApu bhFLAALL ?:wZx RAwUE KbAhY KXui# xaAhY uAAFx xbKxL .$.Y\$>>$* $**$Y YNEYE 5Nm*N}*N*E }}5>f* YN*5Yf fYE>}Ym* NrAptm NfY>5 YNYN}* $5NNE YfYNm}5 YfmE}YE YN>5} Y5fEm >fE** NNY}}N \``\``\`\` `\``\``\ "3)1)1 )1)1)1)H )H=&k "31)1)1)1) 1)1)1)3) ~gg~g 3B)/Hw1A LZhRbF ,gg@@[@[ ,g,[, y,@[@O, @[@,g, [@O@@[ ,O@Ot@ mYfY>NYm RAAZAAFR n~GGS n_nGSS G_;__nGSS SnS__ GSSGn hZhAA ZZbbr SnS__ bhA|bh S_;_G ]I'sI !xaF$A 9s'I' "))""&) &)&"&&))&" &))&" "&&"&)&&)" )&"&))1( &=)T^=& 1&=^B=))HT B))HTBBHTH HTB&HH&TBB TH=TH=HH3& =^H&)1( "k/&k ncncn k&)1( "&"))"")"" =&"&" "&))&&"))& "&"")"" 1))1)3&T &3))3 XuL%A c)/&=="& (/)1))1 w4VaVw a44@x hx\.X!! hjVbAAFAAD 4bAFwV@ ZLAFALFLFA LAFAFFRZ hFRRFRLAFF RLZFFLFLZA FLZFAb\ FLAAZFFAF AFF|RAFAF hZAALAAhY ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; HGGH$ HGGH$GH$H$ H$HGpu Vpu 8coC8 opu opu Cpu Cpu VUc.c.c.c 8c.c.c.dUo '&'T'& '\'O'\'O' ^U^'^' ['^'[X ['^'[X? ['^'[X? ^'[X? ^l[X?X[' ^l[X?X['^l [X?X['^l[X ?X['^l[X?X ['^l[X?X[' ^l[X?X['^l [X?X['^l[X ?X['^l[X?X ['^l[X?h[X [h[h?X? [h['^'[ ^h[h[ MIIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQI IQIQIQIQI IQIQIQIQI IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ IQIQIQIQIQ 0<0<0<0 0<0<0<0 <0<00 !,;;f=; f;`f;; f;;f;; QIQIQIQIQI QIQIQIQIQI QIQIQ QIQIQIQIQI QIQIQIQIQI QIQIQIQIQI QIQIQIQIQI QIQIQIQIQF ^^'^'^' ^'^'^ ?X['^ ^'^'@'@'?X ?'?'@'?'?X ?'4'5'4' @'4'5'4'5' ?'5'4'5'?' @'4'@ 4'5'4'5'4' 5'4'5'4'5' 4'5'4'5'4' 5'4'5'4'5' D&K&K& D&K&K&D 5&4&K&D\4 5K5&4 4&5'D D'5&4 E^E?EA?A^ ?A^A Svalbard Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Svalbard Header Affiliation: (territory of Norway) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Svalbard Geography Location: Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway Map references: Arctic Region Area: total area: 62,049 sq km land area: 62,049 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island) Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 3,587 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia territorial sea: 4 nm International disputes: focus of maritime boundary dispute in the Barents Sea between Norway and Russia Climate: arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year Terrain: wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about half the year; fjords along west and north coasts Natural resources: coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (no trees and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Svalbard Geography Note: northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area THE WORLD FACTBOOK Svalbard People Population: 2,914 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: -3.5% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman Ethnic divisions: Russian 64%, Norwegian 35%, other 1% (1981) Languages: Russian, Norwegian Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Svalbard Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard Digraph: SV Type: territory of Norway administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway Capital: Longyearbyen Independence: none (territory of Norway) National holiday: NA Legal system: NA Executive branch: Chief of State: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991) Head of Government: Governor Odd BLOMDAL (since NA); Assistant Governor Jan-Atle HANSEN (since NA September 1993) Member of: none Flag: the flag of Norway is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Svalbard Economy Overview: Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. By treaty (9 February 1920), the nationals of the treaty powers have equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus. Budget: revenues: $13.3 million expenditures: $13.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.) Electricity: capacity: 21,000 kW production: 45 million kWh consumption per capita: 13,860 kWh (1992) Currency: 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.7014 (January 1995), 7.0469 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597 (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Svalbard Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 4 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Svalbard Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; local telephone service local: NA intercity: NA international: satellite communication with Norwegian mainland Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1 (repeaters 2), shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: NA Note: there are 5 meteorological/radio stations THE WORLD FACTBOOK Svalbard Defense Forces demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920) Show Map x8dot3 Russian Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SVALBARD 8$D${G V$b$M language GBPSF =bww$ wwb7DJ ( ( KPGPGKPG Z{WnsZ GKKG'B ~]R]]B FBKG$B W^RZ]_QWPB KKWZK nBJ"B JBG!B v{ZBG 7>BA GKBBGBGBGB GBBGGBGGKG BBGK G KGGKGB PKBBGBBGKT GBBGKGBKBB KRPTR GGKBo GBZcBKWT]R ]BWQPTTR^Z _n]]^ZZ^Q KT^W_YWYWR cYW_^ BZWRcWRo Zn{{vGR KTZTQ]_PTB ^BTnxBTQ TnrRQZPPRB Z{BRZRBo GGBGK GBGGKGGBGG KBGKBBGKKG GBKGPKGGKP GPGPBo ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Swaziland Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SWAZILAN x8dot3 English (British) language *+*+ THE WORLD FACTBOOK Swaziland Geography Location: Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa Map references: Africa Area: total area: 17,360 sq km land area: 17,200 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than New Jersey Land boundaries: total 535 km, Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom Climate: varies from tropical to near temperate Terrain: mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains Natural resources: asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc Land use: arable land: 10.9% permanent crops: 0.2% meadows and pastures: 62.2% forest and woodland: 6.9% other: 19.8% Irrigated land: 640 sq km (1993 est.) Environment: current issues: limited access to potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Law of the Sea Note: landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa THE WORLD FACTBOOK Swaziland People Population: 966,977 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 46% (female 222,544; male 221,003) 15-64 years: 52% (female 261,973; male 238,726) 65 years and over: 2% (female 13,291; male 9,440) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.23% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.8 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 90.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 56.84 years male: 52.83 years female: 60.96 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.1 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi Ethnic divisions: African 97%, European 3% Religions: Christian 60%, indigenous beliefs 40% Languages: English (official; government business conducted in English), siSwati (official) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1986) total population: 67% male: 70% female: 65% Labor force: NA by occupation: private sector about 65%, public sector 35% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Swaziland Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland conventional short form: Swaziland Digraph: WZ Type: monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth Capital: Mbabane (administrative); Lobamba (legislative) Administrative divisions: 4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni Independence: 6 September 1968 (from UK) National holiday: Somhlolo (Independence) Day, 6 September (1968) Constitution: none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but has not been formally presented to the people Legal system: based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: none Executive branch: chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Jameson Mbilini DLAMINI (since 12 November 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; designated by the monarch Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament is advisory Senate: consists of 30 members (10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the king) House of Assembly: elections last held NA October 1993 (next to be held NA); results - NA; seats - (65 total, 55 directly elected, 10 appointed by the king) - balloting held on a non-party basis Judicial branch: High Court, Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: note: political parties are banned by the Constitution promulgated on 13 October 1978; illegal parties are prohibited from holding large public gatherings illegal parties: Peoples' United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO), Kilson SHONOWE; Swaziland Youth Congress (SWAYCO), Benedict TSABEDZE; Swaziland Communist Party (SWACOPA), Mphandlana SHONGWE Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO THE WORLD FACTBOOK Swaziland Government Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Madzandza Mary KHANYA chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6683, 6685 FAX: [1] (202) 244-8059 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador John T. SPROTT embassy: Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane mailing address: P. O. Box 199, Mbabane telephone: [268] 46441 through 46445 FAX: [268] 45959 Flag: three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally THE WORLD FACTBOOK Swaziland Economy Overview: The economy is based on subsistence agriculture, which occupies more than 60% of the population and contributes nearly 25% to GDP. Manufacturing, which includes a number of agroprocessing factories, accounts for another quarter of GDP. Mining has declined in importance in recent years; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978, and health concerns cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of sugar and forestry products are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa, from which it receives 90% of its imports and to which it sends about half of its exports. Remittances from Swazi workers in South African mines may supplement domestically produced income by as much as 20%. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,490 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 11.3% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 15% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $342 million expenditures: $410 million, including capital expenditures of $130 million (1994 est.) Exports: $632 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: sugar, edible concentrates, wood pulp, cotton yarn, asbestos partners: South Africa 50% (est.), EC countries, Canada Imports: $734 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, chemicals partners: South Africa 90% (est.), Switzerland, UK External debt: $240 million (1992) Industrial production: growth rate 4.2% (1993 est.) Electricity: capacity: 120,000 kW production: 410 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,003 kWh (1993) Industries: mining (coal and asbestos), wood pulp, sugar Agriculture: accounts for over 60% of labor force; mostly subsistence agriculture; cash crops - sugarcane, cotton, maize, tobacco, rice, citrus fruit, pineapples; other crops and livestock - corn, sorghum, peanuts, cattle, goats, sheep; not self-sufficient in grain THE WORLD FACTBOOK Swaziland Economy Economic aid: recipient: bilateral aid (1991) $35 million of which US disbursements $12 million, UK disbursements $6 million, and Denmark $2 million; multilateral aid (1991) $24 million of which EC disbursements $8 million Currency: 1 lilangeni (E) = 100 cents Exchange rates: emalangeni (E) per US$1 -3.5389 (January 1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990); note - the Swazi emalangeni is at par with the South African rand Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Swaziland Transportation Railroads: total: 297 km; note - includes 71 km which are not in use narrow gauge: 297 km 1.067-m gauge (single track) Highways: total: 2,853 km paved: 510 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 1,230 km; improved earth 1,113 km Ports: none Airports: total: 18 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 9 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Swaziland Communications Telephone system: 17,000 telephones; telephone density is only 17.6 telephones/1,000 persons local: NA intercity: system consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines and low-capacity radio relay microwave links international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 6, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 10 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Swaziland Defense Forces Branches: Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal Swaziland Police Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 212,239; males fit for military service 122,782 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $22 million, NA% of GDP (FY93/94) SWAZILAND - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 60 days. Temporary residence permit available in Mbabane for longer stay. Visitors must report to immigration authorities or police station within 48 hours unless lodging in a hotel. Yellow fever and cholera immunizations required if arriving from infected area and anti-malarial treatment recommended. For further information consult Embassy of the Kingdom of Swaziland, 3400 International Dr., N.W., Suite 3M, Washington, D.C. (202/362-6683). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Swaziland ============================================================ Swaziland - Consular Information Sheet February 3, 1995 Country Description: Swaziland is a small developing nation in southern Africa. Facilities for tourism are available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Visas are not required for tourists for stays up to 14 days, extendible up to 90 days, in any 12 month period. For stays longer than 90 days, a temporary residence permit is required. Visitors are technically required to report to the police within 48 hours of arrival; as all ports of entry are manned by police officers, such reporting is automatic. Yellow fever and cholera immunizations are required if the visitor is arriving from an infected area. Anti-malarial treatment is recommended. Further information may be obtained from the Embassy of the Kingdom of Swaziland, 3400 International Drive, N.W., Suite 3M, Washington, D.C. 20004, telephone (202) 362-6683. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Petty street crime, primarily theft of money and personal property, occurs with some frequency. Since the mid 1994, occasional armed highjacking of automobiles has taken place in Manzini, and, less frequently, in Mbabane and outlying areas of Swaziland. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the U.S. Embassy. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy in Mbabane may obtain updated information on travel and security in Swaziland. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located in the Central Bank Building on Warner Street in the capital city of Mbabane. The mailing address is P.O. Box 199, Mbabane, Swaziland. The Embassy telephone number is (268) 46441/5; the fax number is (268) 25959. No. 95-017 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 18, 1994, to update information on entry requirements, medical facilities and crime. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 &sYQK &}Yx& }7PoK sYKY}M r<1}Y ?MrNK #cP>G 3\G>+c+ G7b77 #pcpP c\33c3\ (331311331 3131313131 \++#\ xx\ppPpx+ P>\pp 3xcpxGPc\x %qJV55J"V J"5=55 ,mJ5l %qJV,q["l 5JmVVm%= ,[J,q +3++3 =l,=[5= 5@5JVm =[,@% J,[VmJ5k@ %k[,l"=q v'vvF# mlV[V[V@ Vmq==[mVml 5J=,[Vm=[k ,VVmJ5 J,[,JV [%@[,q 'v'F9v _o_o_r Ye}eoQ Ejj]j w]]wN Ej~Ew sYK}> aeKK ,=,=[ 5J[@= "[%J=J 5qJk= Qkb sQ=K Y}fcr=K #s}?K ^ddWWd^WO^ &k}8K noA2K Zcgcgcgcgc gcgcgcgcgc gcgcgcgcgc gcgcgcgcgc gcggp>H Ppxxy yyxpc(> DOCDDCOCDO CDDCDOCCDC CDCDOCCDDC CDOCD $20220 0202)020)2 20$$0 $))$0))0)$ 00$)0$))$0 0$)20)$ ^0:0u D0Ou02C UhhFv UUF'F ):220O 00WW00;W^O DC^O) ^C)2OC;OC0 20;OI O0202 00200 )02)) ::2:: \3+G+#P >3+3#3+#33 x>+3c#3 ppccpcpcpc ##?# %?? 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A? -1--1- 9--11 11--11--1 1-1-1-1- -1-11 -1-1- Switzerland UpUV[ Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SWITZERL x8dot3 German language 8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland Geography Location: Central Europe, east of France Map references: Europe Area: total area: 41,290 sq km land area: 39,770 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of New Jersey Land boundaries: total 1,852 km, Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers Terrain: mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes Natural resources: hydropower potential, timber, salt Land use: arable land: 10% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 40% forest and woodland: 26% other: 23% Irrigated land: 250 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: air pollution from vehicle emissions and open air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity natural hazards: avalanches, landslides, flash floods international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland Geography Note: landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France and northern Italy, contains the highest elevations in Europe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland People Population: 7,084,984 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 17% (female 594,565; male 622,436) 15-64 years: 68% (female 2,375,792; male 2,448,213) 65 years and over: 15% (female 623,136; male 420,842) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.57% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 12.04 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.16 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 2.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.36 years male: 74.99 years female: 81.88 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Swiss (singular and plural) adjective: Swiss Ethnic divisions: total population: German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6% Swiss nationals: German 74%, French 20%, Italian 4%, Romansch 1%, other 1% Religions: Roman Catholic 47.6%, Protestant 44.3%, other 8.1% (1980) Languages: German 65%, French 18%, Italian 12%, Romansch 1%, other 4% note: figures for Swiss nationals only - German 74%, French 20%, Italian 4%, Romansch 1%, other 1% Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 3.48 million (900,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian) by occupation: services 50%, industry and crafts 34%, government 10%, agriculture and forestry 6% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland Government Names: conventional long form: Swiss Confederation conventional short form: Switzerland local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German) Confederation Suisse (French) Confederazione Svizzera (Italian) local short form: Schweiz (German) Suisse (French) Svizzera (Italian) Digraph: SZ Type: federal republic Capital: Bern Administrative divisions: 26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; kantone, singular - kanton in German); Aargau, Ausser-Rhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Geneve, Glarus, Graubunden, Inner-Rhoden, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zurich Independence: 1 August 1291 National holiday: Anniversary of the Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291) Constitution: 29 May 1874 Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory character; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Kaspar VILLIGER (1995 calendar year; presidency rotates annually); Vice President Jean-Pascal DELAMURAZ (term runs concurrently with that of president) cabinet: Federal Council (German - Bundesrat, French - Censeil Federal, Italian - Consiglio Federale); elected by the Federal Assembly from own members Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Assembly (German - Bundesversammlung, French - Assemblee Federale, Italian - Assemblea Federale) Council of States: German - Standerat, French - Conseil des Etats, Italian - Consiglio degli Stati; elections last held throughout 1991 (next to be held NA 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total) FDP 18, CVP 16, SVP 4, SPS 3, LPS 3, LdU 1, Ticino League 1 National Council: German - Nationalrat, French - Conseil National, Italian - Consiglio Nazionale; elections last held 20 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (200 total) FDP 44, SPS 42, CVP 37, SVP 25, GPS 14, LPS 10, AP 8, LdU 6, SD 5, EVP 3, PdA 2, Ticino League 2, other 2 Judicial branch: Federal Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland Government Political parties and leaders: Free Democratic Party (FDP), Franz STEINEGGER, president; Social Democratic Party (SPS), Peter BODENMANN, president; Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP), Anton COTTIER, president; Swiss People's Party (SVP), Hans UHLMANN, president; Green Party (GPS), Verena DIENER, president; Freedom Party (FPS), Roland BORER, president; Liberal Party (LPS), Christoph EYMANN, president; Alliance of Independents' Party (LdU), Monica WEBER, president; Ticino League, Giuliano BIGNASCA, president; and other minor parties including the Automobile Party (AP), Swiss Democratic Party (SD), Workers' Party (PdA), and the Evangelical People's Party (EVP); note - see elections Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G- 8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Carlo JAGMETTI chancery: 2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 745-7900 FAX: [1] (202) 387-2564 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Pago Pago (American Samoa), and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador M. Larry LAWRENCE embassy: Jubilaeumstrasse 93, 3005 Bern mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [41] (31) 357 70 11 FAX: [41] (31) 357 73 44 branch office: Geneva consulate(s) general: Zurich Flag: red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland Economy Overview: Switzerland's economy - one of the most prosperous and stable in the world - is nonetheless undergoing a stressful adjustment after both the inflationary boom of the late 1980s and the electorate's rejection of membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1992. So far the decision to remain outside the European single market structure does not appear to have harmed Swiss interests. In December 1994, the Swiss began bilateral negotiations with the EU aimed at establishing closer ties in areas of mutual interest and progressing toward the free circulation of persons, goods, capital, and services between the two parties. The Swiss emerged from a three-year recession in mid-1993 and posted 1.8% GDP growth in 1994. The Swiss central bank's tight monetary policies brought inflation down from about 4% in 1992 to just under 1% in 1994. Unemployment has fallen slightly from 5.1% in 1993 to 4.7% in 1994. Swiss per capita output, living standards, education, and health care remain unsurpassed in Europe. The country has few mineral resources, but its spectacular natural beauty sustains a substantial tourism industry. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $148.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 1.8% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $22,080 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.9% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 4.7% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $26.7 billion expenditures: $32 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $69.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment, precision instruments, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles and clothing partners: Western Europe 63.1% (EU countries 56%, other 7.1%), US 8.8%, Japan 3.4% Imports: $68.2 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: agricultural products, machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles, construction materials partners: Western Europe 79.2% (EU countries 72.3%, other 6.9%), US 6.4% External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate 0% (1993 est.) Electricity: capacity: 15,430,000 kW production: 58 billion kWh consumption per capita: 6,699 kWh (1993) Industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland Economy Agriculture: dairy farming predominates; less than 50% self-sufficient in food; must import fish, refined sugar, fats and oils (other than butter), grains, eggs, fruits, vegetables, meat Illicit drugs: money-laundering center Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $3.5 billion Currency: 1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi Exchange rates: Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1 - 1.2880 (January 1995), 1.3677 (1994), 1.4776 (1993), 1.4062 (1992), 1.4340 (1991), 1.3892 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland Transportation Railroads: total: 5,763 km (1,432 km double track) standard gauge: 3,533 km 1.435-m gauge (99% electrified; 560 km nongovernment owned) narrow gauge: 1,094 km 1.000-m gauge (99% electrified; 1,020 km nongovernment owned) other: 1,136 km NA-m gauge (1994) Highways: total: 71,118 km paved: 71,118 km (including 1,514 km of expressways) Inland waterways: 65 km; Rhine (Basel to Rheinfelden, Schaffhausen to Bodensee); 12 navigable lakes Pipelines: crude oil 314 km; natural gas 1,506 km Ports: Basel Merchant marine: total: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 374,935 GRT/669,353 DWT ships by type: bulk 12, cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, specialized tanker 1 Airports: total: 69 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 4 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 with paved runways under 914 m: 42 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland Communications Telephone system: 5,890,000 telephones; excellent domestic, international, and broadcast services local: NA intercity: extensive cable and microwave networks international: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 265, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 18 (repeaters 1,322) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Switzerland Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force and Antiaircraft Command Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,847,639; males fit for military service 1,582,335; males reach military age (20) annually 41,831 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $4.1 billion, 1.4% of GDP (1995) SWITZERLAND - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist/business stay up to 3 months. For further information contact Embassy of Switzerland, 2900 Cathedral Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/745-7900) or nearest Consulate General: CA (310/575-1145 or 415/788-2272), GA (404/870-2000), IL (312/915-0061), NY (212/758-2560) or TX (713/650-0000). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Switzerland and Liechtenstein ============================================================ Switzerland and Liechtenstein - Consular Information Sheet June 30, 1995 Country Descriptions: Switzerland is a highly developed democracy with a modern economy. Liechtenstein is a stable, democratically-run constitutional monarchy with a modern economy. Tourist services are widely available. Entry Requirements: For both Switzerland and Liechtenstein, a passport is required; a visa is not required for tourist or business stays up to three months. For further information on entry requirements for both countries, travelers may contact the Embassy of Switzerland at 2900 Cathedral Avenue N.W., Washington D.C. 20008, tel (202) 745-7900, or the nearest Swiss Consulate General in Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, or San Francisco. Medical Facilities: Good medical care is widely available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Information on specific health matters is available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's hotline for international travelers at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Switzerland has a low rate of violent crime. However, pickpocketing and purse-snatching do occur during peak tourist periods (such as summer and Christmas) and when major conferences, shows, or exhibits are scheduled in major cities. Most crime is restricted to specific localities in major cities that are best avoided by the prudent traveler and residents, such as areas frequented by drug dealers and users, the general vicinity of train and bus stations, and some public parks. Liechtenstein has a low crime rate. Travelers may wish to exercise caution on trains, especially on overnight trains to neighboring countries. Even locked sleeping compartments can be entered by thieves who steal from passengers while they sleep. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can refer to the Department of State's pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad" for ways to promote a more trouble-free journey. The pamphlet is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Switzerland and in Liechtenstein, the penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Dual Nationality: U.S. citizens who are considered to also have Swiss citizenship may be subject to compulsory military service and other requirements while in Switzerland. Those who might be affected may inquire at a Swiss embassy or consulate regarding their status. In some instances, dual nationality may hamper U.S. government efforts to provide protection abroad. Registration and Embassy and Consulate Locations: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section at the below locations may obtain updated information on travel and security in Switzerland. The U.S. Embassy in Bern is located at Jubilaeumstrasse 93, telephone (41-31) 357-7011, fax (41-31) 357-7344. The Consulate General in Zurich is located at Zollikerstrasse 141, telephone (41-1) 422-2733, fax (41-1) 383-9814. Limited consular services for U.S. citizens are offered by a part-time consular agency in Geneva located at the America Center of Geneva, World Trade Center II, Geneva Airport, Route de Pre-Bois 29, telephone (41-22) 798-1605 or 798-1615, fax (41-22) 798-1630. There is no U.S. Embassy or consulate in Liechtenstein. For assistance and information on travel and security in Liechtenstein, U.S. citizens may contact or register at the U.S. Consulate General in Zurich at the address above. No. 95-077 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 10, 1994, to include information on Liechtenstein, note the change of fax number at the Embassy in Bern and the phone number at the Consulate General in Zurich, and provide the new address and telephone numbers for the consular agency in Geneva. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 Photo_2 RLRR% FdXM=MN :.::..YK& _E==d7& ,CL5; RM==a & k\R{R gX=XF& G{{C\ CLk, %,CR,= t)S8/" kC{5{ \L5%L;C% =33=3 ^_W~Wnn \kCk\C 5kR{Lk OWnWg ;5R,kR, CkL55{ ,\\R{CCLRR CQQLQ #1+1+1 +1+1+1(P ;\z(1 9D@@DD >^>^HO 4aO44f*~* 44||f 5CC%{, % C\% >O>O& >^>*nn4 l==EXMl lXXMl OT>U4&& ARR\C5R lEEXl EME=l CRC%%;RLL R,5R;%%5R; oo:o.: JJ2wZJJZ :oYoo ':.!KY !.:KK! oo'Y:: >O4O& \;%,%LL T>H*4&>* 44*>4O>~ *T4a>T O4O>*OH U4aTT&a ffT&T*H> T>>f|~ QRQRQR ; RR\ 5;,CR\ E=MdN M \,;C, \;R 5R %\CLk%k5 {C{;;R% k;\{ ;5k5G R\:k P1<99<@ 9 <99@<9@99< <99<@ <<99<<9<99 @99@< @(+((## ((+((++(#( ++#((#(##( +(#(+(#(+( (#(+(#+ ##(##(++#( Yoo!o D(10@]P 91+19++@PI +(P@1PI]P9 (D]++IP@++ DPD(DP(ID< PPDPP@((]D Ko..o D#DP#@ (##(#(+ #+#((#(+ ##++##(##m ](+(#(+(# %\{2+(P D(1++1++1 #0P++1 2++(19(# kkRkk;kC \C\{R {R\k, 5\{LL\ k{LCC R\L;\{%C C C%L ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K BOJ;; (,,(, ,,#,( ,%#(, (##,&,( &&,,(,, &&,,( //]e]/ BOJ;; 88EE0 IIrrFr YFQIIFIFIF IFIFIFIFIF 11911 y1yy1 90y1y1 1191919 9-1191 11919 19919 119119 19119y 9919919 :9:9: 91991911 9119911 11--1- 91191 91911 19191 91-911 :99:: 19919 -9919 199191 11-11--1- 119119 -1919911 991-1y -11-- -y1yy 11--1 1--0-1 1y1yy1y 9-99-91 -99--1 99: -- 9::99 :9:9- 9119119919 19191 : : bYbX]Y& Syria Map Button Image M8M8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria Geography Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey Map references: Middle East Area: total area: 185,180 sq km land area: 184,050 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than North Dakota note: includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory Land boundaries: total 2,253 km, Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km Coastline: 193 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 41 nm territorial sea: 35 nm International disputes: separated from Israel by the 1949 Armistice Line; Golan Heights is Israeli occupied; Hatay question with Turkey; ongoing dispute over water development plans by Turkey for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Syrian troops in northern Lebanon since October 1976 Climate: mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically hits Damascus Terrain: primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum Land use: arable land: 28% permanent crops: 3% meadows and pastures: 46% forest and woodland: 3% other: 20% Irrigated land: 10,000 sq km (1992) Environment: current issues: deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from dumping of raw sewage and wastes from petroleum refining; inadequate supplies of potable water natural hazards: dust storms, sandstorms THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria Geography international agreements: party to - Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Environmental Modification Note: there are 42 Jewish settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (August 1994 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria People Population: 15,451,917 (July 1995 est.) note: in addition, there are 31,000 people living in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights - 16,500 Arabs (15,000 Druze and 1,500 Alawites) and 14,500 Jewish settlers (August 1994 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 3,639,776; male 3,826,154) 15-64 years: 49% (female 3,691,862; male 3,854,989) 65 years and over: 3% (female 219,251; male 219,885) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.71% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.21 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 41.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.81 years male: 65.67 years female: 68.01 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.55 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Syrian(s) adjective: Syrian Ethnic divisions: Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7% Religions: Sunni Muslim 74%, Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects 16%, Christian (various sects) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo) Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French widely understood Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 64% male: 78% female: 51% Labor force: 4.3 million (1994 est.) by occupation: miscellaneous and government services 36%, agriculture 32%, industry and construction 32%; note - shortage of skilled labor (1984) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria Government Names: conventional long form: Syrian Arab Republic conventional short form: Syria local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah local short form: Suriyah former: United Arab Republic (with Egypt) Digraph: SY Type: republic under leftwing military regime since March 1963 Capital: Damascus Administrative divisions: 14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah, Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims, Idlib, Rif Dimashq, Tartus Independence: 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) National holiday: National Day, 17 April (1946) Constitution: 13 March 1973 Legal system: based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Hafiz al-ASAD (since 22 February 1971 see note); Vice Presidents 'Abd al-Halim ibn Said KHADDAM, Rif'at al-ASAD, and Muhammad Zuhayr MASHARIQA (since 11 March 1984); election last held 2 December 1991 (next to be held NA December 1998); results - President Hafiz al-ASAD was reelected for a fourth seven-year term with 99.98% of the vote; note - President ASAD seized power in the November 1970 coup, assumed presidential powers 22 February 1971, and was confirmed as president in the 12 March 1971 national elections head of government: Prime Minister Mahmud ZU'BI (since 1 November 1987); Deputy Prime Minister Lt. Gen. Mustafa TALAS (since 11 March 1984); Deputy Prime Minister Salim YASIN (since NA December 1981); Deputy Prime Minister Rashid AKHTARINI (since 4 July 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral People's Council (Majlis al-Chaab): elections last held 24-25 August 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (250 total) National Progressive Front 167, independents 83 Judicial branch: Supreme Constitutional Court, High Judicial Council, Court of Cassation, State Security Courts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria Government Political parties and leaders: National Progressive Front includes: the ruling Arab Socialist Resurrectionist (Ba'th) Party, Hafiz al-ASAD, President of the Republic, Secretary General of the party, and Chairman of the National Progressive Front; Syrian Arab Socialist Party (ASP), 'Abd al-Ghani KANNUT; Arab Socialist Union (ASU), Jamal ATASSI; Syrian Communist Party (SCP), Khalid BAKDASH; Arab Socialist Unionist Movement, Sami SOUFAN; and Democratic Socialist Union Party, leader NA Other political or pressure groups: non-Ba'th parties have little effective political influence; Communist party ineffective; conservative religious leaders; Muslim Brotherhood Member of: ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Walid MUALEM chancery: 2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 232-6313 FAX: [1] (202) 234-9548 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher W. S. ROSS embassy: Abou Roumaneh, Al-Mansur Street No. 2, Damascus mailing address: P. O. Box 29, Damascus telephone: [963] (11) 333-2814, 714-108, 333-3788 FAX: [963] (11) 224-7938 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with two small green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band and of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria Economy Overview: In 1990-93 Syria's state-dominated Ba'thist economy benefited from the Gulf war, increased oil production, good weather, and economic deregulation. Economic growth averaged roughly 10%. The Gulf war provided Syria an aid windfall of nearly $5 billion dollars from Arab, European, and Japanese donors. However, the benefits of the 1990-93 boom were not evenly distributed and the gap between rich and poor is widening. A nationwide financial scandal and increasing inflation were accompanied by a decline in GDP growth to 4% in 1994. For the long run, Syria's economy is still saddled with a large number of poorly performing public sector firms, and industrial productivity remains to be improved. Oil production is likely to fall off dramatically by the end of the decade. Unemployment will become a problem for the government when the more than 60% of the population under the age of 20 enter the labor force. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $74.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $5,000 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 16.3% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 7.5% (1993 est.) Budget: NA Exports: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: petroleum 53%, textiles 22%, cotton, fruits and vegetables, wheat, barley, chickens partners: EC 48%, former CEMA countries 24%, Arab countries 18% (1991) Imports: $4 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: foodstuffs 21%, metal products 17%, machinery 15% partners: EC 37%, former CEMA countries 15%, US and Canada 10% (1991) External debt: $19.4 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 4,160,000 kW production: 13.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 865 kWh (1993) Industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, petroleum Agriculture: accounts for 30% of GDP and one-third of labor force; all major crops (wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas) grown mainly on rain-watered land causing wide swings in production; animal products - beef, lamb, eggs, poultry, milk; not self-sufficient in grain or livestock products THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria Economy Illicit drugs: a transit country for Lebanese and Turkish refined cocaine going to Europe and heroin and hashish bound for regional and Western markets Economic aid: recipient: no US aid; about $4.2 billion in loans and grants from Arab and Western donors 1990-92 as a result of Gulf war stance Currency: 1 Syrian pound (#S) = 100 piastres Exchange rates: Syrian pounds (#S) per US$1 - 11.2 (official fixed rate), 26.6 (blended rate used by the UN and diplomatic missions), 42.0 (neighboring country rate - applies to most state enterprise imports), 46.0 - 53.0 (offshore rate) (yearend 1993) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria Transportation Railroads: total: 1,998 km broad gauge: 1,766 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 232 km 1.050-m gauge Highways: total: 31,569 km paved: 24,308 km (including 670 km of expressways) unpaved: 7,261 km Inland waterways: 870 km; minimal economic importance Pipelines: crude oil 1,304 km; petroleum products 515 km Ports: Baniyas, Jablah, Latakia, Tartus Merchant marine: total: 80 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 233,701 GRT/364,714 DWT ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 68, vehicle carrier 2 Airports: total: 107 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 67 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 15 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria Communications Telephone system: 512,600 telephones; 37 telephones/1,000 persons; fair system currently undergoing significant improvement and digital upgrades, including fiber optic technology local: NA intercity: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay network international: 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik earth station; 1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey Radio: broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 17 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Syria Defense Forces Branches: Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Air Defense Forces, Police and Security Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,440,030; males fit for military service 1,927,930; males reach military age (19) annually 159,942 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $2.2 billion, 6% of GDP (1992) SYRIA - Passport and visa required. Obtain visa in advance. Single-entry visa valid 6 months or double-entry for 3 months, $15; multiple-entry visa valid 6 months, $30. Submit 2 application forms, 2 photos (signed) and fee (payment must be money order only). Enclose prepaid envelope (with correct postage) for return of passport by mail. AIDS test required for students and others staying over 1 year; U.S. test sometimes accepted. For group visas and other information contact Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2215 Wyoming Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/232-6313). Syria - Consular Information Sheet October 5, 1993 Country Description: The Syrian Arab Republic has a developing, mixed- sector economy. The ruling Ba'th party espouses a largely secular ideology, but Islamic traditions and beliefs provide a conservative foundation for the country's customs and practices. The constitution refers to Islamic jurisprudence as a principal source of legislation, but the legal system remains influenced by French practice. Tourist facilities are widely available, but vary in quality depending on price and location. The work week in Syria is Saturday through Thursday. The U.S. Embassy is open Sunday through Thursday. Entry Requirements: Passports and visas are required. Visas must be obtained prior to arrival in Syria. Travelers who arrive without valid Syrian visas will be denied entry by Syrian immigration officials. According to the Syrian Foreign Ministry, an AIDS test is not required for foreigners prior to arrival in Syria. However, tests are mandatory for foreigners wishing to reside in Syria. A residence permit will not be issued until the absence of the HIV virus has been determined. Foreigners wishing to marry Syrian nationals must also be tested for HIV. Entry to Syria is not granted to persons with passports showing an Israeli visa or entry/exit stamps. For further entry information, travelers may contact the Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2215 Wyoming Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, tel. (202) 232-6313. Medical Facilities: Basic modern medical care and medicines are available in the principal cities of Syria, but not necessarily in outlying areas. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control, telephone (404) 332-4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: Crime is generally not a serious problem for travelers in Syria. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession of even small amounts of illegal drugs for personal use, drug trafficking, or drug smuggling are severe in Syria. In addition to steep fines, convicted offenders can expect jail terms of three years to life for possession or trafficking. Drug smuggling can be punishable by death. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within Syria. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Damascus, Syria, is located in Abu Roumaneh, Al-Mansur St. No. 2; P.O. Box 29. The telephone numbers are (963- 11) 333-2814, 771-4108, or 333-0788. The fax number is (963-11) 224-7938. No. 93-257 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for Syria dated August 31, 1993 to add information on the work week in Syria and the days the U.S. Embassy is open for business, and to note new phone numbers for the U.S. Embassy. Show Map x8dot3 Arabic Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights SYRIA language +|I=| BaY&P >aYY.S .Sjj= 3Yaa>Z .BBa> anB.&` +j=Z|+ G=|IIZ+ +|Z]G +|ZI| w]|+jjI S6>aa ~j=jZI| BJ>J>J .YaB& +|IZ|" unBnJay 3nnyy .>Ya&B>.3 a>BJ&Y.J3 >Yy3Y y3Jn& l[NN[l8 >aY.>y K\U\K UU\DUmmKD\ cKD\UK\UUK cUK\\UU ',,',' ,',',,'A ',',',',', ',',',',,' 1<252525 252<1R 5252525252 525252<1t. UDUKmcUrKK mc\KmcUr\K rcDU\DUUK\ mUKcDUKU 15252525 252525A2.&YBaY y&Yn.Bn aBB>3Y3BJB aYJannaann anaanannan nannY ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$Q OOJ;; Lp)]6 >pa'a i.c3)kB OOJ;; c>$@E h=$Wp (k]JOO PaL`Ka& Tajikistan Map Button Image 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan Header Note: Tajikistan has experienced three changes of government since it gained independence in September 1991. The current president, Emomali RAKHMONOV, was elected to the presidency in November 1994, yet has been in power since 1992. The country is suffering through its third year of a civil war, with no clear end in sight. Underlying the conflict are deeply-rooted regional and clan-based animosities that pit a government consisting of people primarily from the Kulob (Kulyab), Khujand (Leninabad), and Hisor (Hissar) regions against a secular and Islamic-led opposition from the Gharm, Gorno-Badakhshan, and Qurghonteppa (Kurgan-Tyube) regions. Government and opposition representatives have held periodic rounds of UN-mediated peace talks and agreed in September 1994 to a cease-fire. Russian-led peacekeeping troops are deployed throughout the country, and Russian border guards are stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border. THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan Geography Location: Central Asia, west of China Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States Area: total area: 143,100 sq km land area: 142,700 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin Land boundaries: total 3,651 km, Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Tajik rebels based in northern Afghanistan Climate: midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains Terrain: Pamir and Altay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest Natural resources: significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten Land use: arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 23% forest and woodland: 0% other: 71% Irrigated land: 6,940 sq km (1990) Environment: current issues: inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea which suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan People Population: 6,155,474 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43% (female 1,303,627; male 1,340,086) 15-64 years: 53% (female 1,612,429; male 1,624,379) 65 years and over: 4% (female 157,841; male 117,112) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.6% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 34.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.58 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -1.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 60.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.03 years male: 66.11 years female: 72.1 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.55 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Tajik(s) adjective: Tajik Ethnic divisions: Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6% Religions: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5% Languages: Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% Labor force: 1.95 million (1992) by occupation: agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%, trade and communications 11%, construction 8% (1990) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikistan local short form: none former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic Digraph: TI Type: republic Capital: Dushanbe Administrative divisions: 2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati avtonomii); Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobad (Khujand - formerly Leninabad) note: the administrative center names are in parentheses Independence: 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) National holiday: National Day, 9 September (1991) Constitution: new constitution adopted 6 November 1994 Legal system: based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Emomili RAKHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; was Head of State and Assembly Chairman since NA November 1992); election last held 6 November 1994 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Emomili RAKHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik ABDULLAJANOV 40% head of government: Prime Minister Jamshed KARIMOV (since 2 December 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers Legislative branch: unicameral Supreme Soviet: elections last held 26 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; estimated seats - (181 total) Communist Party and affiliates 100, Popular Party 10, Party of Political and Economic Progress 1, Party of Popular Unity 6, other 64 Judicial branch: Prosecutor General THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan Government Political parties and leaders: Communist Party (People's Party of Tajikistan - PPT), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV; Party of Economic Freedom (PEF), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV; Tajik Socialist Party (TSP), Shodi SHABDOLOV; Tajik Democratic Party (TDP), Abdu-Nabi SATARZADE, chairman; note - suspended for six months; Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), Sayed Abdullo NURI, chairman; Rebirth (Rastokhez), Takhir ABDUZHABOROV; Lali Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Abdujalil HAMIDOV, chairman; Tajikistan Party of Economic and Political Renewal (TPEPR), Mukhtor BOBOYEV note: all the above-listed parties except the Communist Party, the Party of National Unity, and the People's Party were banned in June 1993 Other political or pressure groups: Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan Member of: CIS, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: NA chancery: NA telephone: NA US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO embassy: Interim Chancery, #39 Ainii Street, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, Dushanbe mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [7] (3772) 21-03-56 Flag: three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a crown surmounted by seven five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan Economy Overview: Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and an extremely low standard of living. Agriculture dominates the economy, cotton being the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by three years of civil war and by the loss of subsidies and markets for its products, which has left Tajikistan dependent on Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by former Communist officials have impeded the introduction of meaningful economic reforms. In the meantime, Tajikistan's efforts to adopt the Russian ruble as its domestic currency despite Russia's unwillingness to supply sufficient rubles left the country in a severe monetary crisis throughout 1994, keeping inflation low but leaving workers and pensioners unpaid for months at a time. The government has announced plans to introduce its own currency in 1995 to help resolve the problem. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992) National product real growth rate: -12% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,415 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: 1.5% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (September 1994) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $320 million to outside the FSU countries (1994) commodities: cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles partners: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan Imports: $318 million from outside the FSU countries (1994) commodities: fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs partners: Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate -31% (1994) Electricity: capacity: 3,800,000 kW production: 17 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,800 kWh (1994) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan Economy Industries: aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers Agriculture: cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep and goats Illicit drugs: illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America Economic aid: recipient: Russia and Uzbekistan reportedly provided substantial general assistance throughout 1993 and 1994; Western aid and credits promised through the end of 1993 were $700 million but disbursements were only $104 million; large scale development loans await IMF approval of a reform and stabilization plan Currency: 1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks; Tajikistan uses the Russian ruble as its currency by agreement with Russia; government has plans to introduce its own currency, the Tajik ruble, in 1995 Exchange rates: NA Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan Transportation Railroads: total: 480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990) Highways: 29,900 km paved: 21,400 km unpaved: earth 8,500 km (1990) Pipelines: natural gas 400 km (1992) Ports: none Airports: total: 59 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 9 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 36 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan Communications Telephone system: 303,000 telephones (December 1991); about 55 telephones/1,000 persons (1991); poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network local: NA intercity: cable and microwave radio relay international: linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by INTELSAT to international gateway switch in Ankara; 1 Orbita and 2 INTELSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA note: 1 INTELSAT earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tajikistan Defense Forces Branches: Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,410,229; males fit for military service 1,153,638; males reach military age (18) annually 57,942 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP TAJIKISTAN - Passport and visa required. At the time of publication, visa issuances are being handled by the Russian Consulate. The visa process must be initiated in Tajikistan by the sponsoring agency or by the travel agent involved; no visa request is initiated at the Russian Consulate. Visas are not issued until an approval cable arrives from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Tajikistan to the Russian Consulate. Tajikistan - Travel Warning June 8, 1994 U.S. citizens are warned against travel to Tajikistan. There are terrorist actions in the capital, sporadic fighting along borders, and unsettled conditions in areas of the country. U.S. citizens presently in Tajikistan are advised to exercise extreme caution and to consider departing because of the deteriorating security situation. No. 94-023 This replaces the Travel Warning for Tajikistan dated April 30, 1993, to advise U.S. citizens that departure is recommended because of the deteriorating security situation. Tajikistan - Consular Information Sheet April 30, 1993 Warning: U.S. citizens are warned against travel to Tajikistan. There is fighting in border areas, unsettled conditions in some areas of the countryside, and the potential for terrorist actions in the capital, possibly targeted against Americans. The U.S. Embassy in Dushanbe is providing only emergency consular services. Country Description: Tajikistan is a nation undergoing profound political and economic change. It is a newly independent nation still in the process of stabilizing its relations with neighboring states. Tourist facilities are not developed, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other countries are not yet available. There is a curfew in parts of Tajikistan, including the capital, Dushanbe. In Dushanbe, the 10pm until 6am curfew is strictly enforced by checkpoints staffed by personnel who fire on vehicles that fail to obey orders to stop. These checkpoints operate round-the-clock, and expect adherence to their instructions. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Without a visa, travelers cannot register at hotels and will be required to leave the country immediately via the route by which they entered. Visas for Tajikistan are issued by a Russian embassy or consulate. U.S. citizens can contact the Russian Embassy, Consular Division, 1825 Phelps Place, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 939-8907, 8911, 8913, 8918 or the Russian Consulates in New York, San Francisco or Seattle for current information on visa requirements. Internal Travel: Travel to, from and within Tajikistan is difficult and unreliable. Currently, the only regular international air travel to and from Dushanbe is a four times weekly connection with Moscow. There are infrequent and irregular charter flights to other destinations. International train connections can be dangerous because of criminals who operate on board. Travelers to Uzbekistan must have an Uzbek visa, which cannot be obtained in Tajikistan. Areas of Instability: Travelers can expect to find checkpoints and periodically, unsettled conditions in all parts of the country, with the possible exception of the northern region of Leninabad which was spared the civil/communal fighting that engulfed most of Tajikistan in 1992. Travel within 25 kilometers of the Tajikistan-Afghanistan border remains tightly controlled and extremely dangerous due to armed clashes. Medical Facilities: There has been a significant deterioration in the medical infrastructure in Tajikistan with many trained personnel having fled the country. There is a general scarcity of medical equipment and medicines. There is a potential for significant disease outbreaks because of massive population displacements and a partial breakdown in immunization activities. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: There have been serious attacks against foreign diplomats and individuals on main thoroughfares, in broad daylight. Cars have been stolen and houses robbed. The disintegration of local economic conditions, widespread unemployment in Tajikistan, and a less than effective police force are in a large part to blame. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Additional information on the region can be found in the brochure, "Tips for Travelers to Russia." Both publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Tajikistan is a cash-only economy. International banking services are not available. Major credit cards and travelers checks are rarely accepted. Traveling in Tajikistan with large amounts of cash can be dangerous. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who visit or remain in Tajikistan despite the travel warning, can register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy and obtain updated information on travel and security within Tajikistan. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, is temporarily located on the fourth floor of the Hotel Independence, (formerly known as the Hotel October), 105A Rudaki Prospect; telephone (7-3772) 248-233. The U.S. Embassy resumed operation in April, but is providing only emergency consular services. No. 93-106 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for Tajikistan dated October 7, 1992, to note the resumption of operations at the U.S. Embassy in Tajikistan, to add information on areas of instability and medical facilities, and to add information on reporting the loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport. 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X?i?J 4[i?X?i? 4^V^4 i?JlJ?i[4 4^V^4 JlX[? ?u^lJ?i[4 4^V^4 JlJ[V^4 V[JlJ?i?J 4^V^4 JlJ?i[4 J?i?Jl J[V^4 JlJ?i?J V^4i'[Xu8 =6s6*" D8OEB Eq88O >""N* 44SSA >]88H 66X>6 gO88H >s>>" ]88DK +4+(+4 &$+&& *"EE> >sEs" g?88O ">*6*N :1s61s>16* >1EN NsXE6XsEX Es>NEX NXTNNX /,8]: ]88DOO ?HVO??Oe38 /,wDq yYQYYp_ OVDe? *cXNE E>X6"* NcsE>1> e]Ve88V j`n`ntn 8??88VV ?]qOe ?D88;D??D azzk_x 3)-)-) -)-)-)3% F<<-) 3)-)-)-)-) -)-)-)3%h* ]VHVH R<))-)-)-) -)-))33%<3 X>" +S^AA CCdCWCZd OH]/8 CCLC2L Cj@a& ;He?8?? D8D?,8 O?D?8 xk~Li ^A+A4r^A A^SSrA ASA^^ "se;8 Cf2LCCy ydC2L dCC2yZ2 /cX"E6 CdLdCZCyd CC2ZC De88] ;D8?BH S4Ar^S H8DDe 9KM)8 8qO?8]O8?8 OeOVHOOV ?HVDD?? ]qOg" ]qHE# 8?gZp s ssc>E1 sX*Es*X EE>*> N>11c* ]8Hw, 6EX>E>E>EN >N>EENXXN ##?# %?? 2 # % % ? % 2# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K BOJ;; L)$! c)!! 8$!p, a@6:m FaFp: BOJ;; Gd..3 G:1,4 {T=,3 GT0.5 {d1.3 qG{N D>DTHAILAND - Passport and onward/return ticket required. Visa not needed for stay up to 15 days if arrive and depart from Don Muang Airport in Bangkok. For longer stays obtain visa in advance. Transit visa, for stay up to 30 days, $10 fee; or tourist visa for stay up to 60 days, $15 fee. For business visa valid up to 90 days, need $20 fee and company letter stating purpose of visit. Submit 1 application form, 2 photos and postage for return of passport by mail. Apply Embassy of Thailand, 2300 Kalorama Rd., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/234-5052) or nearest Consulate General: CA (213/937-1894), IL (312/236-2447) or NY (212/754-1770). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Thailand ============================================================ Thailand - Consular Information Sheet August 15, 1995 Country Description: Thailand is a constitutional monarchy. It is a popular travel destination, and tourist facilities and services are available throughout the country. Entry Requirements: Passports and onward/return tickets are required. Visas are not needed for stays of up to 30 days, but permission to enter Thailand under this provision may only be granted at the international airports in Bangkok, Phuket, Hat Yai, and Chiang Mai. This airport permit to stay may not be extended. For longer stays, or overland entry, travelers can obtain visas in advance from a Thai Embassy or Consulate. For stays of 30 to 60 days a tourist visa is required, the fee for which is 15 U.S. dollars. For more current information travelers may contact the Royal Thai Embassy, 1024 Wisconsin Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20007, tel. (202) 944-3600. Medical Facilities: Medical treatment, especially in Bangkok, is good. While the general level of health is good, hepatitis is endemic. Malaria is a problem in rural border areas, but not in Bangkok or other major tourist destinations. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful in many emergencies. The international travelers Hotline at the Centers for Disease Control, tel. (404) 332-4559, has additional useful health information. HIV Virus: Thailand is experiencing a dramatic epidemic of HIV infection and AIDS. The majority of HIV infections in Thailand has resulted from heterosexual transmission. Homosexual contact, however, accounts for a substantial number of HIV infections, along with the use of intravenous drugs. HIV infection is common among prostitutes, who are generally not subject to regular screening for sexually transmitted diseases. Information on Crime and Safety: Petty crimes are common in areas where tourists gather. Many tourists fall victim to gem scams, in which a friendly stranger offers to serve as an informal tour guide. The "guide" offers to show the tourist where to buy gems for resale in the U.S. at a huge profit. The gems turn out to be overpriced and money back guarantees are not honored. Some travelers report being robbed after they were drugged in night clubs or in their hotel rooms by bar girls. Trekking is a popular activity for tourists in Thailand's mountainous areas. The use of licensed, reliable tour guides will enhance security for trekkers. In Bangkok, heavy traffic is constant. Motorist and pedestrian accidents are common. Credit card fraud has also been increasing. Travelers should protect their credit cards and use them only with known or established businesses. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Border Problems: Tourists should cross into neighboring countries only at designated official crossing points. Outside official crossing points, the border is often not clearly marked. Reliable guides will assure that trekkers do not cross into another country inadvertently. In December 1994, fighting broke out between Karen factions in Burma across from Thailand's Mae Hong Son and Tax provinces. As a result of the fighting, travel by boat along the Salween and Moei Rivers, which form the border in this area, is considered dangerous. Fighting between the Burmese army and Karen insurgent groups spilled into areas of Tax and Mae Hong Son provinces adjacent to the Thai/Burma border in the spring of 1995. By late May, the incursions had halted; nevertheless, tourists who wish to travel along the border road from Mar Sot, Tax province, to Mae Sariang, Mae Hong Son province, should travel with a licensed, reputable tour company. Prospective travelers may also wish to check with local Thai police and/or the American Consulate General in Chiang Mai. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Thailand strictly enforces its drug laws, including making arrests for possession of small quantities of marijuana. Thailand has not signed the Vienna Consular Convention, and consequently the U.S. Embassy frequently does not learn of the arrest of American Citizens for minor drug offenses. Prison conditions in Thailand are extremely harsh, and Americans convicted of drug trafficking have received long sentences, often in excess of 50 years. Most Americans serving lengthy sentences have been arrested attempting to depart Thailand with heroin secreted in their suitcases or in carry-on packages. A ruse sometimes used to get American citizens to transport drugs out of the country, knowingly or not, involves offering the American a free vacation to Thailand, then requesting the American's assistance in transporting excess "luggage" or "gifts" back to the U.S. A lack of knowledge that drugs were in a suitcase in the traveler's possession is not considered a sufficient legal defense in Thailand. Thai law bars the transfer of prisoners convicted of serious offenses until the prisoners have served between four and eight years of their sentences in Thailand. American citizens convicted of offenses involving one kilogram or more of heroin are not eligible to benefit from the U.S. - Thailand Prisoner Transfer Treaty. Registration: Americans may wish to register at the U.S Embassy or a Consulate, where they may obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Lost or stolen passports abroad should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. Embassy or U.S. consulate. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 95 Wireless Road in Bangkok. The mailing address is APO AP 96546. The telephone number is (66-2) 252-5040. The U.S. Consulate General in Chiang Mai is located at 387 Vidhayanond Road; the mailing address is Box C, APO AP 96546. The telephone number is (66-53) 252-629. The U.S. Consulate in Udorn is located at 35/6 Supakitjanya Road. The mailing address is Box UD, APO AP 96546. The telephone number is (66-42)244-270. The U.S. Consulate in Songkhla was closed in June 1993. No. 95-091 This replaces the Consular Information sheet of December 21, 1994 to include new information on travel along the border with Burma and the extended validity of airport visas. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Thailand ============================================================ Thailand - Public Announcement January 6, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release As a result of the recent arrests of several leading drug traffickers in Thailand, the State Department is concerned about possible reprisals against American citizens travelling in certain parts of northern Thailand. The areas of greatest concern are Mae Hong Son province and northern Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces. Travellers may refer to the Consular Information Sheet dated December 21, 1994, for additional information on travel in Thailand. American citizens in Thailand may wish to contact the U.S. Embassy or the nearest consulate for updated security information. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Thailand ============================================================ Thailand - Consular Information Sheet August 15, 1995 Country Description: Thailand is a constitutional monarchy. It is a popular travel destination, and tourist facilities and services are available throughout the country. Entry Requirements: Passports and onward/return tickets are required. Visas are not needed for stays of up to 30 days, but permission to enter Thailand under this provision may only be granted at the international airports in Bangkok, Phuket, Hat Yai, and Chiang Mai. This airport permit to stay may not be extended. For longer stays, or overland entry, travelers can obtain visas in advance from a Thai Embassy or Consulate. For stays of 30 to 60 days a tourist visa is required, the fee for which is 15 U.S. dollars. For more current information travelers may contact the Royal Thai Embassy, 1024 Wisconsin Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20007, tel. (202) 944-3600. Medical Facilities: Medical treatment, especially in Bangkok, is good. While the general level of health is good, hepatitis is endemic. Malaria is a problem in rural border areas, but not in Bangkok or other major tourist destinations. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage, including provision for medical evacuation, has proven useful in many emergencies. The international travelers Hotline at the Centers for Disease Control, tel. (404) 332-4559, has additional useful health information. HIV Virus: Thailand is experiencing a dramatic epidemic of HIV infection and AIDS. The majority of HIV infections in Thailand has resulted from heterosexual transmission. Homosexual contact, however, accounts for a substantial number of HIV infections, along with the use of intravenous drugs. HIV infection is common among prostitutes, who are generally not subject to regular screening for sexually transmitted diseases. Information on Crime and Safety: Petty crimes are common in areas where tourists gather. Many tourists fall victim to gem scams, in which a friendly stranger offers to serve as an informal tour guide. The "guide" offers to show the tourist where to buy gems for resale in the U.S. at a huge profit. The gems turn out to be overpriced and money back guarantees are not honored. Some travelers report being robbed after they were drugged in night clubs or in their hotel rooms by bar girls. Trekking is a popular activity for tourists in Thailand's mountainous areas. The use of licensed, reliable tour guides will enhance security for trekkers. In Bangkok, heavy traffic is constant. Motorist and pedestrian accidents are common. Credit card fraud has also been increasing. Travelers should protect their credit cards and use them only with known or established businesses. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Border Problems: Tourists should cross into neighboring countries only at designated official crossing points. Outside official crossing points, the border is often not clearly marked. Reliable guides will assure that trekkers do not cross into another country inadvertently. In December 1994, fighting broke out between Karen factions in Burma across from Thailand's Mae Hong Son and Tax provinces. As a result of the fighting, travel by boat along the Salween and Moei Rivers, which form the border in this area, is considered dangerous. Fighting between the Burmese army and Karen insurgent groups spilled into areas of Tax and Mae Hong Son provinces adjacent to the Thai/Burma border in the spring of 1995. By late May, the incursions had halted; nevertheless, tourists who wish to travel along the border road from Mar Sot, Tax province, to Mae Sariang, Mae Hong Son province, should travel with a licensed, reputable tour company. Prospective travelers may also wish to check with local Thai police and/or the American Consulate General in Chiang Mai. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Thailand strictly enforces its drug laws, including making arrests for possession of small quantities of marijuana. Thailand has not signed the Vienna Consular Convention, and consequently the U.S. Embassy frequently does not learn of the arrest of American Citizens for minor drug offenses. Prison conditions in Thailand are extremely harsh, and Americans convicted of drug trafficking have received long sentences, often in excess of 50 years. Most Americans serving lengthy sentences have been arrested attempting to depart Thailand with heroin secreted in their suitcases or in carry-on packages. A ruse sometimes used to get American citizens to transport drugs out of the country, knowingly or not, involves offering the American a free vacation to Thailand, then requesting the American's assistance in transporting excess "luggage" or "gifts" back to the U.S. A lack of knowledge that drugs were in a suitcase in the traveler's possession is not considered a sufficient legal defense in Thailand. Thai law bars the transfer of prisoners convicted of serious offenses until the prisoners have served between four and eight years of their sentences in Thailand. American citizens convicted of offenses involving one kilogram or more of heroin are not eligible to benefit from the U.S. - Thailand Prisoner Transfer Treaty. Registration: Americans may wish to register at the U.S Embassy or a Consulate, where they may obtain updated information on travel and security within the country. Lost or stolen passports abroad should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. Embassy or U.S. consulate. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 95 Wireless Road in Bangkok. The mailing address is APO AP 96546. The telephone number is (66-2) 252-5040. The U.S. Consulate General in Chiang Mai is located at 387 Vidhayanond Road; the mailing address is Box C, APO AP 96546. The telephone number is (66-53) 252-629. The U.S. Consulate in Udorn is located at 35/6 Supakitjanya Road. The mailing address is Box UD, APO AP 96546. The telephone number is (66-42)244-270. The U.S. Consulate in Songkhla was closed in June 1993. No. 95-091 This replaces the Consular Information sheet of December 21, 1994 to include new information on travel along the border with Burma and the extended validity of airport visas. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_5 Photo_1 Photo_2 Photo_3 Photo_4 movie_1 !YDa> F>>cNF0> ']yh> ^Qwc>y! >>uhi> ^Xj<> WWDuWKW> F}>>\ FytSFK> ctt}> F[>NS [>>cF>N !wN > tyy;> c}[1> InS8> y>FYe }cFwQ Sc>Sg NFNFFc[[Fc cSFN}S >>c}4> ZQ~7 \[F0> oE7Q~Qe= eZ~,Z7 }[>[}>>w )s=#7 Sc>Fw [N[c> tFS>>Fn ~Q~=~ ,7=,Q \N>[F> t>>F[tN 6aBRB6'B =o7E=E 7Q#EQoE E,7o7 [S>}>S FjF>>S >>S>tH Q~ZQ7 o#=QZQ, 7Ee7=, E7#EQQeZE ZQQZ, cj>>F GTfTLff fLffL Ra'|a ||'6| :t>>y) LTLLTLL9 PUPpp9U SFcKN[ [SSFtjSNF > p+kUppUP ==Z,# 4P4Uz [[N>[FS[ \FN>>m $kCk`8< 8Fyz C${O< k-CC-{C$$< $<8k$` {CCkk C-O8<{8 k%%i%{ k 8<-k 8k-<- jj}}Ft cK>F\ cSF>F -<$`%^Ak$- <-8`OO- $OA{<- <-O8kC$ ??k<{-k8 -C_YC- -Cv5-{-$ O$?5k )}FS%> x)#@e ttF>>N[ g[>>cQ !xF1> jSS > NF>>F>S m?CO? 8-8%-8kCO- <5 SSFFutw ~=77Vy KD>D>D>W K>DD>K>D>D &"&"" "&&"&&"&&" &&""&"&&" ""&&" 3+0+0+& +&+0++&&++ &++&++0 &+&++& 9fGTG&0GTL GGT+3T99G9 LG9LG9&GG+ T9LGGLGG9& F[[>t DFn!7 huFV), 3++9G"f &"&+& 9+&&"++&"& 7EZeE# 39+39++0 + ,E=QQe, Frs.a 0+0+0+0+0+ 0+0+00++0+ 0+0+0+0+0+ 0+0+0 0+0+00 >tSSc 7#eeZ eoeZE~ ~~oEQ7 ~e,Q~,e QQE,E ZE77o7 eZ=QeEQEQE QZEZEQQZee eesQE ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; BWAWB 11-1- 1--1-1 ,1--1- -1--1 -1--1-1-1 -1--1-1-- 11--11-1- 1-1--11 11--1- -11-11-1-1 -11-1- -11-- -1-1-1-1- 11-11 -1-1: 12-11 12121 1$,-- y11-1 1--11 9,11, _ z_ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ ::22: _{;_ ;_ __ _ __ ? { _ __ _ 3 __ _ _ { _ _ { 2z22. 22:_z z322:32 .322-11 ,2322_ _322- z 1:2: __22: :_322z;3z _ _ y 1$;_2 1-2-: _ _ __ {322- 12z_322 _ _ _ _ 1;2:3 2_;2-z _ _ _ :223223 322322 -2 _ _ -12z;2- {1._3 232231 _ { 12211_2 _ __ :2:2::y __ _ 32,1{{1 __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ -11-- _ _ _ __ _ _ { __ _ _ _ l--19- _ _ __ _ _z1-1- _ _ 1--1--1 u--u-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9u1--1- _ __ __ -11$y _ __ 2 :_12:z _ _ _ __ -11--1- _ _ _ _ _ _ 1-11-1- -1-1-y __ 1y-11- -1-u:2 -11%1 _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ 1121- 12--1-1 _ __ _ _ _ _ __ -1-1- _ _ _ _ _ _ 11-1, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _::-: _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1_ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _1::-_ :-y: DsDr?s& Map Button Image 4 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Togo Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Benin and Ghana Map references: Africa Area: total area: 56,790 sq km land area: 54,390 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia Land boundaries: total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km Coastline: 56 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 30 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north Terrain: gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes Natural resources: phosphates, limestone, marble Land use: arable land: 25% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 28% other: 42% Irrigated land: 70 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture natural hazards: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Tropical Timber 94 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Togo People Population: 4,410,370 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 49% (female 1,069,171; male 1,079,999) 15-64 years: 49% (female 1,121,685; male 1,043,000) 65 years and over: 2% (female 51,392; male 45,123) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.58% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 46.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 11.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 86.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 57.42 years male: 55.29 years female: 59.6 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.83 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese Ethnic divisions: 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye, European and Syrian-Lebanese under 1% Religions: indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10% Languages: French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Dagomba and Kabye (the two major African languages in the north) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 43% male: 56% female: 31% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture 80% note: about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors THE WORLD FACTBOOK Togo Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Togo conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togo Digraph: TO Type: republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule Capital: Lome Administrative divisions: 23 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo) note: the 23 units may now be called prefectures (singular - prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses Independence: 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 April (1960) Constitution: multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992 Legal system: French-based court system Suffrage: NA years of age; universal adult Executive branch: chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967); election last held 25 August 1993 (next election to be held NA 1998); all major opposition parties boycotted the election; Gen. EYADEMA won 96.5% of the vote head of government: Prime Minister Edem KODJO (since April 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly: elections last held 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total) CAR 36, RPT 35, UTD 7, UJD 2, CFN 1 note: the Supreme Court ordered new elections for 3 seats of the Action Committee for Renewal (CAR) and the Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD), lowering their total to 34 and 6 seats, respectively; the remaining 3 seats have not been filled THE WORLD FACTBOOK Togo Government Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) Political parties and leaders: Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles (CFN), Joseph KOFFIGOH; The Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD), Edem KODJO; The Action Committee for Renewal (CAR), Yao AGBOYIBOR; The Union for Democracy and Solidarity (UDS), Antoine FOLLY; The Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group (GSP), an alliance of three radical parties: The Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA), Leopold GNININVI; The Party for Democracy and Renewal (PDR), Zarifou AYEVA; The Pan-African Social Party (PSP), Francis AGBAGLI; The Union of Forces for Change (UFC), Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile); Union of Justice and Democracy (UJD), Lal TAXPANDJAN note: Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991 Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Edem Frederic HEGBE chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny YOUNG (since September 1994) embassy: Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 21 77 17, 21 29 91 through 21 29 94 FAX: [228] 21 79 52 Flag: five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Togo Economy Overview: The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about half of GDP and provides employment for 80% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together generate about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has suffered from the collapse of world phosphate prices and increased foreign competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government's decade-long IMF and World Bank supported effort to implement economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. Although strikes had ended in 1994, political unrest and lack of funds prevented the government from taking advantage of the 50% currency devaluation of January 1994. Resumption of World Bank and IMF flows will depend on implementation of several controversial moves toward privatization and on downsizing the military, on which the regime depends to stay in power. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $800 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.5% (1991 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $284 million expenditures: $407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.) Exports: $221 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee partners: EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990) Imports: $292 million (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products partners: EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990) External debt: $1.3 billion (1991) Industrial production: growth rate 9% (1991 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 30,000 kW production: 60 million kWh consumption per capita: 83 kWh (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Togo Economy Industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages Agriculture: accounts for 49% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch of 10,000-14,000 tons Illicit drugs: increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: the official rate is pegged to the French franc, and beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Togo Transportation Railroads: total: 532 km narrow gauge: 532 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 6,462 km paved: 1,762 km unpaved: unimproved earth 4,700 km Inland waterways: 50 km Mono River Ports: Kpeme, Lome Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 9 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Togo Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; fair system based on network of radio relay routes supplemented by open wire lines local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay and open wire lines international: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 3 (relays 2) televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Togo Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie Manpower availability: males age 15-49 936,270; males fit for military service 491,578 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $48 million, 2.9% of GDP (1993) .TOGO - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 3 months. Americans travelling in remote areas in Togo occasionally require visas. Yellow fever and cholera vaccinations are required. Check further information with Embassy of the Republic of Togo, 2208 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/234-4212/3). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Togo ============================================================ CORRECTED COPY Togo - Consular Information Sheet August 29, 1995 Country Description: Togo is a small West African nation with a developing economy. Tourism facilities are limited, especially outside the capital city. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. No visa is required for a stay of less than three months. Yellow fever immunizations are required. Further information regarding entry requirements may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Togo, 2208 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008. The telephone number is (202) 234-4212. Areas of Instability: Togo has experienced periodic violence and strikes over the past five years. Although the situation is calm, the potential exists for unsettled political conditions. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Togo are limited. Some medicines are available through local pharmacies. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime, including pickpocketing, has increased. Business fraud stemming from Nigerian scam operations target Americans and pose dangers of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals in Togo with individuals promoting investment in Nigeria, especially the Central Bank of Nigeria or the Nigerian National Petroleum Company, are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of State before providing any information, making financial commitments, or traveling to Togo. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Togo, the penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy at the intersection of Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome, telephone (228) 21-29-91 thru 94, may obtain updated information on travel and security within Togo. The U.S. Embassy's fax is (228) 21-79-52 and the mailing address is B.P. 852, Lome. No. 95-105 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 9, 1995, to include information on the prevalence of Nigerian business scams operating in Togo. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Togo ============================================================ Togo - Consular Information Sheet August 29, 1995 Country Description: Togo is a small West African nation with a developing economy. Tourism facilities are limited, especially outside the capital city. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. No visa is required for a stay of less than three months. Yellow fever immunizations are required. Further information regarding entry requirements may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Togo, 2208 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008. The telephone number is (202) 234-4212. Areas of Instability: Togo has experienced periodic violence and strikes over the past five years. Although the situation is calm, the potential exists for unsettled political conditions. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Togo are limited. Some medicines are available through local pharmacies. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime, including pickpocketing, has increased. Business fraud stemming from Nigerian scam operations target Americans and pose dangers of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals in Togo with individuals promoting investment in Nigeria, especially the Central Bank of Nigeria or the Nigerian National Petroleum Company, are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of State before providing any information, making financial commitments, or traveling to Togo. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Togo, the penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy at the intersection of Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome, telephone (228) 21-29-91 thru 94, may obtain updated information on travel and security within Togo. The U.S. Embassy's fax is (228) 21-79-52 and the mailing address is B.P. 852, Lome. No. 95-105 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 9, 1995, to include information on the prevalence of Nigerian business scams operating in Togo. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Togo ============================================================ CORRECTED COPY Togo - Consular Information Sheet August 29, 1995 Country Description: Togo is a small West African nation with a developing economy. Tourism facilities are limited, especially outside the capital city. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. No visa is required for a stay of less than three months. Yellow fever immunizations are required. Further information regarding entry requirements may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Togo, 2208 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008. The telephone number is (202) 234-4212. Areas of Instability: Togo has experienced periodic violence and strikes over the past five years. Although the situation is calm, the potential exists for unsettled political conditions. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Togo are limited. Some medicines are available through local pharmacies. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Petty crime, including pickpocketing, has increased. Business fraud stemming from Nigerian scam operations target Americans and pose dangers of financial loss and physical harm. Persons contemplating business deals in Togo with individuals promoting investment in Nigeria, especially the Central Bank of Nigeria or the Nigerian National Petroleum Company, are strongly urged to check with the U.S. Department of State before providing any information, making financial commitments, or traveling to Togo. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. In Togo, the penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy at the intersection of Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome, telephone (228) 21-29-91 thru 94, may obtain updated information on travel and security within Togo. The U.S. Embassy's fax is (228) 21-79-52 and the mailing address is B.P. 852, Lome. No. 95-105 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated February 9, 1995, to include information on the prevalence of Nigerian business scams operating in Togo. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights rr~r{G language YKeKKQ -:JvR ^`Y/F eKQ&F zeTwF xTxsYYK ^FFQQ zesTKnF 2C:\r YFFQK F`FKFF`TQT FFKKFK!F sYz`zzY `eQFFKK YFKsY 2SqQZF se`-F zeQ+F TYQFF` FF`Q` ezYFK*F KKFYz qrr2: QFFz\ 44--2-2 85#55 44%-4 5##5# cJ{RX 5H5##5 -cp4c={J b((bb R%-R%-%-JR %-J- XJ?`FF`v {cpRR TsQFF XX.R-p-p pR-cR {Xpc{cpR RCCc=XJ C4-CX4p -R-Jc-C=- |g>|g %%C%4 BUUOB&g [|6&O .+'+' +'+'+' '++''+'+'+ %'+'%'+'%+ Z$Al* =CCR=p Z//lAl j~~j~j~j ~j~j~j~jnj njnjnj~j~j ~j~j~j~j~j ~j~j~ X{{RX pC-c4 =JRcXcXcX %XXRRX-& J-R%% CCcR, kokko cc==, %cJR%% p=%CRJXR-= =.=..=..= ..=..=.. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; ?V @ OOJ;; ;5L'&4 8bpuN{ !,F6PYfQ00 `0;QY =I;0;IQh ;f;0Q6F Tokelau Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights TOKELAU x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tokelau Header Affiliation: (territory of New Zealand) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tokelau Geography Location: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 10 sq km land area: 10 sq km comparative area: about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 101 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) Terrain: coral atolls enclosing large lagoons Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand natural hazards: lies in Pacific typhoon belt international agreements: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tokelau People Population: 1,503 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: -1.3% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman Nationality: noun: Tokelauan(s) adjective: Tokelauan Ethnic divisions: Polynesian Religions: Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant Languages: Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English Labor force: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tokelau Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tokelau Digraph: TL Type: territory of New Zealand Capital: none; each atoll has its own administrative center Administrative divisions: none (territory of New Zealand) Independence: none (territory of New Zealand) National holiday: Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840) (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand) Constitution: administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970 Legal system: British and local statutes Suffrage: NA Executive branch: Chief of State: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) Head of Government: Administrator Graham ANSELL (since NA 1990; appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs in New Zealand); Official Secretary Casimilo J. PEREZ (since NA), Office of Tokelau Affairs; Tokelau's governing Council will elect its first head of government Legislative branch: unicameral Council of Elders (Taupulega) on each atoll Judicial branch: High Court in Niue, Supreme Court in New Zealand Political parties and leaders: NA Member of: SPC, WHO (associate) Diplomatic representation in US: none (territory of New Zealand) US diplomatic representation: none (territory of New Zealand) Flag: the flag of New Zealand is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tokelau Economy Overview: Tokelau's small size, isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people must rely on aid from New Zealand to maintain public services, annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $1,000 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $430,830 expenditures: $2.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.) Exports: $98,000 (f.o.b., 1983) commodities: stamps, copra, handicrafts partners: NZ Imports: $323,400 (c.i.f., 1983) commodities: foodstuffs, building materials, fuel partners: NZ External debt: $0 Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 200 kW production: 300,000 kWh consumption per capita: 180 kWh (1990) Industries: small-scale enterprises for copra production, wood work, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing Agriculture: coconuts, copra; basic subsistence crops - breadfruit, papaya, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $24 million Currency: 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tokelau Economy Exchange rates: New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), l.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tokelau Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: none; offshore anchorage only Merchant marine: none Airports: none; lagoon landings by amphibious aircraft from Western Samoa THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tokelau Communications Telephone system: NA telephones local: NA intercity: radiotelephone service between islands international: radiotelephone service to Western Samoa Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tokelau Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand Map Button Image Show Map wymi%h imuyo omommommo ouwmuuowoo umoou dbdrjgbjdj rjjr\ 0G'GG !&!292&R mumum G"GG7 mmwo&m G0'vG7'70 ouomumuoou ooumoou ummomommoo momuo pmmem* mwmoou mumom umuJm umoJm momoumou uuouwwmwoo wououDm ~ymmwm mumoommoTm 4114114114 wuxo0m owo]m ows]m wuwmmu oouoou wxooxuo oomuwu }ykki PKKSWPKPWW SWWSKPWSKP WWKPWPPWNK WWPSN OKPJB^mk C8:8CJO?8C VC:=@?8?OI 8:OC8:IC8C C8CT=8C@I IJNQB`mk NQB`mk QHLJJ KQB`mk KQB`mk KQB`mk QHLJJ KQB`mk QHLJJ KQB`mk JILOC KQB`mk IILO? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Tonga Map Button Image f%f% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tonga Geography Location: Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 748 sq km land area: 718 sq km comparative area: slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 419 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) Terrain: most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base Natural resources: fish, fertile soil Land use: arable land: 25% permanent crops: 55% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 12% other: 2% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations natural hazards: cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou international agreements: party to - Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban Note: archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tonga People Population: 105,600 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 0.78% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 24.37 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.75 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -9.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 20.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.16 years male: 65.8 years female: 70.62 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.56 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan Ethnic divisions: Polynesian, Europeans about 300 Religions: Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) Languages: Tongan, English Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write simple message in Tongan or English (1976) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture 70%, mining (600 engaged in mining) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tonga Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands Digraph: TN Type: hereditary constitutional monarchy Capital: Nuku'alofa Administrative divisions: three island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u Independence: 4 June 1970 (emancipation from UK protectorate) National holiday: Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970) Constitution: 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 Legal system: based on English law Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Baron VAEA (since 22 August 1991); Deputy Prime Minister S. Langi KAVALIKU (since 22 August 1991) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the king Privy Council: consists of the king and the cabinet Legislative branch: unicameral; consists of twelve cabinet ministers sitting ex-officio, nine nobles selected by the country's thirty-three nobles, and nine people's representatives elected by the populace Legislative Assembly (Fale Alea): elections last held 3-4 February 1993 (next to be held NA February 1996); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (30 total, 9 elected) 6 proreform, 3 traditionalist Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Tonga People's Party, Viliami FUKOFUKA Member of: ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO Diplomatic representation in US: Ambassador Sione KITE, resides in London consulate(s) general: San Francisco US diplomatic representation: the US has no offices in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tonga Government Flag: red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tonga Economy Overview: The economy's base is agriculture, which employs about 70% of the labor force and contributes 40% to GDP. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The manufacturing sector accounts for only 11% of GDP. Tourism is the primary source of hard currency earnings, but the country also remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances to offset its trade deficit. The economy continued to grow in 1993-94 largely because of a rise in squash exports, increased aid flows, and several large construction projects. The government is now turning its attention to further development of the private sector and the reduction of the budget deficit. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $214 million (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,050 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3% (1993) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $36.4 million expenditures: $68.1 million, including capital expenditures of $33.2 million (1991 est.) Exports: $11.3 million (f.o.b., FY92/93) commodities: squash, vanilla, fish, root crops, coconut oil partners: Japan 34%, US 17%, Australia 13%, NZ 13% (FY90/91) Imports: $56 million (c.i.f., FY92/93) commodities: food products, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, fuels, chemicals partners: NZ 33%, Australia 22%, US 8%, Japan 8% (FY90/91) External debt: $47.5 million (FY90/91) Industrial production: growth rate 1.5% (FY91/92); accounts for 11% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 6,000 kW production: 30 million kWh consumption per capita: 231 kWh (1993) Industries: tourism, fishing Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP; dominated by coconut, copra, and banana production; vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tonga Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $16 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $258 million Currency: 1 pa'anga (T$) = 100 seniti Exchange rates: pa'anga (T$) per US$1 - 1.2653 (January 1995), 1.3202 (1994), 1.3841 (1993), 1.3471 (1992), 1.2961 (1991), 1.2800 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tonga Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 366 km paved: 272 km (198 km on Tongatapu; 74 km on Vava'u) unpaved: 94 km (usable only in dry weather) Ports: Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai Merchant marine: total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,440 GRT/8,984 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 Airports: total: 6 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tonga Communications Telephone system: 3,529 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: 66,000 Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tonga Defense Forces Branches: Tonga Defense Services, Maritime Division, Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Police Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP TONGA - Passport and onward/return ticket required. Visa not required for stay up to 30 days. For additional information consult the Consulate General of Tonga, 360 Post St., Suite 604, San Francisco, CA 94108 (415/781-0365). Tonga - Consular Information Sheet July 20, 1994 Country Description: Tonga is a stable constitutional monarchy with ties to the United Kingdom. Its agrarian economy is developing, and its tourist industry, although limited, is growing. Tourist facilities are concentrated in and around the main islands of Tongatapu (where the capital Nuku'alofa is located) and Vava'u. Entry Requirements: A passport and onward/return ticket are required. A visa is not required for stays of up to thirty days. For specific information regarding entry requirements, travelers may consult the Consulate General of Tonga, 360 Post Street, Suite 604, San Francisco, California 94108, telephone (415) 781-0365. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Tonga are limited. The cities of Nuku'alofa, and Neiafu have hospitals with emergency and outpatient facilities. Local residents and visitors with serious medical problems are often referred to New Zealand for treatment. Medical practitioners and hospitals usually expect payment upon treatment or prior to release. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. For additional health information the traveler can contact the international travelers hotline of the Centers for Disease Control at (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Tonga has a low crime rate. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police, and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use, or dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy in Fiji can obtain updated information on travel and security in Tonga. Embassy Location: There is no U.S. embassy or consulate in Tonga. For assistance U.S. citizens may contact the U.S. Embassy in Suva, Fiji, telephone (679) 314-466. No. 94-118 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 9, 1993, reissued without change following a annual review. Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights TONGA B@8@f language ~\c a Dr{Q{s s{[8Z [8G E GESa^ =?=OGA=G== KEKA=?=DKD GFSa^"a `aaLLR RA8==9?8=R"M cedYUW WUUSa^ ceaacacaca caacca ecceca jeaac ecaeaa anjtq aavn~l atnetqn ztvvn en|ql| nlzljna anzna cacceccaac eaceaac caecjeccej cjcja ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; EpEpE Trinidad and Tobago Map Button Image , THE WORLD FACTBOOK Trinidad and Tobago Geography Location: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 5,130 sq km land area: 5,130 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Delaware Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 362 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; rainy season (June to December) Terrain: mostly plains with some hills and low mountains Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, asphalt Land use: arable land: 14% permanent crops: 17% meadows and pastures: 2% forest and woodland: 44% other: 23% Irrigated land: 220 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion natural hazards: outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Trinidad and Tobago People Population: 1,271,159 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 31% (female 191,627; male 198,225) 15-64 years: 64% (female 399,726; male 407,495) 65 years and over: 5% (female 40,577; male 33,509) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.12% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 16.62 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.88 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -8.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 18.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.14 years male: 67.75 years female: 72.6 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.01 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s) adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian Ethnic divisions: black 43%, East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40%, mixed 14%, white 1%, Chinese 1%, other 1% Religions: Roman Catholic 32.2%, Hindu 24.3%, Anglican 14.4%, other Protestant 14%, Muslim 6%, none or unknown 9.1% Languages: English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 97% male: 98% female: 96% Labor force: 463,900 by occupation: construction and utilities 18.1%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14.8%, agriculture 10.9%, other 56.2% (1985 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Trinidad and Tobago Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago Digraph: TD Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Port-of-Spain Administrative divisions: 8 counties, 3 municipalities*, and 1 ward**; Arima*, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando*, Tobago**, Victoria Independence: 31 August 1962 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 31 August (1962) Constitution: 1 August 1976 Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Noor Mohammed HASSANALI (since 18 March 1987) head of government: Prime Minister Patrick Augustus Mervyn MANNING (since 17 December 1991) cabinet: Cabinet; responsible to parliament Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of a 31-member body appointed by the president House of Representatives: elections last held 16 December 1991 (next to be held by December 1996); results - PNM 32%, UNC 13%, NAR 2%; seats - (36 total) PNM 21, UNC 13, NAR 2 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: People's National Movement (PNM), Patrick MANNING; United National Congress (UNC), Basdeo PANDAY; National Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR), Selby WILSON; Movement for Social Transformation (MOTION), David ABDULLAH; National Joint Action Committee (NJAC), Makandal DAAGA; Republican Party, Nello MITCHELL; National Development Party (NDP), Carson CHARLES; Movement for Unity and Progress (MUP), Hulsie BHAGGAN Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Corinne Averille McKNIGHT chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Trinidad and Tobago Government telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490 FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Brian DONNELLY (since September 1994) embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain telephone: [1] (809) 622-6372 through 6376, 6176 FAX: [1] (809) 628-5462 Flag: red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side THE WORLD FACTBOOK Trinidad and Tobago Economy Overview: Trinidad and Tobago's petroleum-based economy still enjoys a high per capita income by Latin American standards, even though output and living standards are substantially below the boom years of 1973-82. The country suffers from widespread unemployment, large foreign-debt payments, and periods of low international oil prices. The government has begun to make progress in its efforts to diversify exports and to liberalize its trade regime, making 1994 the first year of substantial growth since the early 1980s. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $15 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $11,280 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.1% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 18.1% (1994 ) Budget: revenues: $1.6 billion expenditures: $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $158 million (1993 est.) Exports: $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers partners: US 44%, CARICOM 15%, Latin America 9%, EC 5% (1993) Imports: $996 million (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals partners: US 43%, Venezuela 10%, UK 8%, other EC 8% (1993) External debt: $2 billion (1994) Industrial production: growth rate 1% (1994 est.); accounts for 39% of GDP, including petroleum Electricity: capacity: 1,150,000 kW production: 3.9 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,740 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles Agriculture: accounts for 3% of GDP; major crops - cocoa, sugarcane; sugarcane acreage is being shifted into rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry sector most important source of animal protein; must import large share of food needs Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe and producer of cannabis THE WORLD FACTBOOK Trinidad and Tobago Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $373 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $518 million Currency: 1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TT$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TT$) per US$1 - 5.8758 (January 1995), 5.9160 (1994), 5.3511 (1993), 4.2500 (fixed rate 1989-1992); note - effective 13 April 1993, the exchange rate of the TT dollar is market-determined as opposed to the prior fixed relationship to the US dollar Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Trinidad and Tobago Transportation Railroads: note: minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando Highways: total: 8,000 km paved: 4,000 km unpaved: improved earth 1,000 km; unimproved earth 3,000 km Pipelines: crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km; natural gas 904 km Ports: Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora Merchant marine: total: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 12,507 GRT/21,923 DWT Airports: 6 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Trinidad and Tobago Communications Telephone system: 109,000 telephones; excellent international service via tropospheric scatter links to Barbados and Guyana; good local service local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; linked to Barbados and Guyana by tropospheric scatter system Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 5 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Trinidad and Tobago Defense Forces Branches: Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Manpower availability: males age 15-49 347,841; males fit for military service 249,904 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $83 million, 1.5% of GDP (1994) TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO - Passport required. Visa not required for tourist/business stay up to 3 months. Business visa requires passport and company letter. For further information consult Embassy of Trinidad and Tobago, 1708 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 (202/467-6490) or nearest Consulate in New York (212/682-7272). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Trinidad & Tobago ============================================================ Trinidad & Tobago - Consular Information Sheet August 24, 1995 Country Description: Trinidad and Tobago is a developing nation comprised of two islands. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required for travel to Trinidad and Tobago. Visas are not required for tourist or business stays of up to three months. Work permits are required for certain types of compensated and non-compensated employment, including missionary work. The immigration regulations of Trinidad and Tobago have been amended to allow persons entering the country to engage in gainful employment in any trade, profession or occupation without a work permit for a period not exceeding 30 days. For further information concerning entry and customs requirements, travelers may contact the Embassy of Trinidad and Tobago at 1708 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, tel: (202) 467-6490 or the Consulate in New York City. Medical Facilities: Medical care is limited. Care at public health facilities is significantly below U.S standards for serious injuries and illness. Care at some private facilities is better than most public health facilities, but doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. Ambulance service is extremely limited both in the quality of emergency care and availability of vehicles in many parts of the country. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside of the United States. Supplementary medical insurance with specific coverage for outside of the United States has proved useful, particularly when medical evacuation, which is extremely expensive, is necessary. For additional health information, travelers may contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The government of Trinidad and Tobago has taken several initiatives to curb the growing crime rate, which is a major concern among the populace. The occurrence of violent crime, including murder, armed robbery and assault, is on the rise. Foreign visitors have been the victims of these types of crime in both urban and isolated areas. Serious crimes have occured on major public beaches after dark. While crime is significantly lower on the island of Tobago, which is the destination of most tourists, travelers may wish to exercise normal precautions. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Birth certificates and/or driver's licences generally cannot be replaced outside of the United States. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad." This publication, as well as "Tips for Travelers to the Caribbean", is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Criminal penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are severe and strictly enforced. Many of the Americans convicted for drug offenses in Trinidad and Tobago were caught taking suitcases or packages containing drugs out of the country. Even if the package or suitcase is being carried for someone else, the traveler is liable for its contents. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Aviation Oversight: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in June 1994, the FAA has found the government of Trinidad and Tobago's Civil Aviation Authority to not be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of Trinidad and Tobago air carrier operations. While consultations to correct the deficiencies are ongoing, Trinidad and Tobago air carriers are permitted to conduct limited operations to the U.S. subject to heightened FAA surveillance. The FAA is not providing heightened surveillance for operations to destinations other than the U.S. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: U.S. citizens may register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy, located at 15 Queen's Park West in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad; telephone (809) 622-6372. U.S. citizens may obtain from the U.S. Embassy updated information on travel and security in Trinidad and Tobago. No. 95-102 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated January 13, 1995, to include Aviation Oversight information. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights TRINIDAD DSPS{G language Dsn`=@o= ~p:@=N| wiEE=EqQ kz@::7c i:AE@:: sc:JEE@ =c|U;E AFE@t= @::@}= *|=:A *|=JE *z;7pe MA:`k ep:EF= c]E9= =@=@;i DzF:p @=99FJK Dw:7]y FF@@F:z1 Dw:K;=n* zA==:AM Ezc]E::AFE Dw@:@ A;:9FE Xp:J@ |;AA^= @AA&F i:AE_= :9@&= =:A_= >;6dd&u dd77; @==9AEc= X*uQ9@ @>FF@e= @:i^si iU;::A A;:AFE zGMM@ EE@==@=@?= @==MMEEM EMM=ENME@:= `=@==?=?Q SSN@? ??CUSUQ==E MME=?GUQ?= ?@MM@7= pU=E=ji c=?@M6= U=EE4= U=E3= MM=@U @@=@@=@@=@ @=@==@ EM=@=c \Pb\b b,#\, @MQ=` =UU@]ZLUUQ `@Q]]Q Q`=@G=QQ `9@ = fP{P\ #,,{q ZCC"= ,\\f{ CA@==@ C?@=C=S @@?=`i @==?==?C L??LC??!= MM@==@Lz ==zz== p==UU@ =CjTLjTTZZ TZTjjTjZTZ LTZZT?"= @EMN@=Lz ?N@=@M E=ME@M@EME @M=EMEE@ ~z:A= @EM=U ENE==@@ `;F== jLC'= jLC)= OO}B^Oe @=joCj?C C=jT??,= ==G>;==;= @?@C?CL =@C?C@C??@ z@M,= b,b,bb\ f#,#,# *B*B} B**}O P#\\bP #P,{,b# #Pbbk `@M+= }11^e^ B1B}1^ OD*OhO}e i=@)= U@@*= @@=@MME@EM U=@+= @=ci=] gagagagaga agagagag agagagaggY `EQ@i `=@-= @=ciUi`UU@ ]=@-= >=6dd HaHHa o=E1= @=ci=@@U]U =@=cQ =@M@@ U=@o= @E@==?Z Z7@G= @=iwiCCK w:FE= kc:@D= `=@m= c=@m= @=@@==@@X= E@@EME@E@X= bb##{P @==@=E]? @UQX= =JE?= ]=@M= ]=@U= AF>>@==@@*= P,\P# \P\{\\ @N=M= AFF:9AFE== =N=M= U`U;:>>:AE!= z=E@=i czi]wN iJ=iS:AE z?M@=cp wU=UN==QU= EU@==E=UNW= E=@M@=@@MN @M=@ME==@M =EM==E@X= N@=M=z @EE==@ E=zUi =M@n= =ME@m= i=M@l= :7>=iykX U=Ek= i]`U==; @@EA:]]i _WI_I rrIWW S=Ej= U=@i= ;=:9Q @EFFE@A;>: A@@>::;;:@ @E=E@=NFi p?Eg= @EFFE @E@;FA @==iQ=Uj= z?Ef= EEM@E=E@EM LE@e= @=M=Q M=UQ==E @M@MQ p=E@@EE wipZ=@ME== @N@@N@@NMM @EMEM@ @E=EM=E @MM@@ ?E@8= z`j|iw]=@ p=@cU= EUE9= @=Uzcczwcz i`QzoQ7= >:A@O= @==M`MMiQ= U`NMM@EM=U ??:==;O= zU`zw` U`UiU7= w=EN= |=MN= E=E@E==E z@MO= zcp== p`ppw E==@ = NENM@E==ME @MEENM@EME EN=M@ENEEN MNNMMNMMNE N@MNEN=ENM MNEM@ME @L?=@EE=EE @@==@M==M@ E@=EM MEE=M =MM=EM@=@N @EMM=M@EME @EMM=EZ= M@==NpS@M@W= =E@=M wU==@ES= w=E?==EM= @@E=@D= @NED= @U@C= p=E[= Z=@A= @@EN= `=@A= @=@@=@@ @=@M=` M=cU= w@EA= QU@M]=U]QU =UU=@MM= @MM@=@M= W__6=> E=ww@pp=@ = !))6>< ippN=MU@E /')$ $ %)!!$)) $$!%)+!%'+ )+!$+!$++ +!$+!$$ '++ '%+ ')+! +)'+ % %+)+!$+% !+''%&$6>< @E=@M=EM== EM=EES= aHgH$YYH$$ HHYH$ ! 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Tromelin Island Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights TROMELIN x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tromelin Island Header Affiliation: (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tromelin Island Geography Location: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar Map references: Africa Area: total area: 1 sq km land area: 1 sq km comparative area: about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 3.7 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claimed by Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles Climate: tropical Terrain: sandy Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (scattered bushes) Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones; wildlife sanctuary THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tromelin Island People Population: uninhabited THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tromelin Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tromelin Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Tromelin Digraph: TE Type: French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion Capital: none; administered by France from Reunion Independence: none (possession of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tromelin Island Economy Overview: no economic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tromelin Island Transportation Ports: none; offshore anchorage only Airports: total: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tromelin Island Communications Note: important meteorological station THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tromelin Island Defense Forces defense is the responsibility of France Map Button Image Show Map TTSSM^K MTSTPPMXK KKMPSTSTMSK MMUSQK PKMSPK MMINK MSMNK IL]qq& qX\FMKK \FFIK ZSPLK pd^LGK hLWWUPZ SMPPMPSM:K pLMKMP ^KTMIK rdFMCK MK`hU bKM8K wdFMBK ^KSKP rdFMAK PLSKP MKPK| rdFM@K bMPKP KMKTh ^pPlT rdFM?K KPKMM KTKKMK rdFM>K NPKKMW KSKMMPK rdFM=K KSKKPK rdFM=K KSKKTK pKPCK rdFM;K KPKKMK rdFM;K KSKKPK rdFM9K KPKKU rdFM8K ^KMKMK rdFM7K KTKKSK rdFM6K iKMKKU ZKM?K >9>{H rdFM5K KSKKPK iKM?K rdFM4K |KPKPKi rdFM3K KSKMKa rdFM2K KPKKSK rdFM1K uKPKSK rdFM0K KMKUK hKP>K rdFM/K lKMTK rdFM.K KSMKU rdFM,K SKMSK rdFM,K rdFM*K KLKLLKKFK m99&C rdFM*K rdFM)K rdFM(K rdFM'K rdFM(K 9Y9m9 MKSKPPKMP WKM >e> &9m 9 9C9m> ZKMMK SKMKK wdFM K KTMKd UKM=K SKPKl `KM>K iKPKM ZKM?K RKMMK KSMKl KMKUK `KM@K KSPKu KTKSK iKMAK zLPKMK KSKMKa KSKKTK dKMKWK |KPKPK lKPCK KTKUK LKMDK KTKTKi WMSEK MPMMK iKPFK TKMWK iKMGK RNPPK bKTHK bKSJK |KTKK uKTLK |KTPM |KTMK |KUNK KPKZi pKTPK KKPPS KUMKl KSMSK XcXk= KKSTK KTKSK DX=k/ g}XXk KKSKK pKPKSK KKMUKp MMKKSK KKPSKp MTKKS KMTMW KTKKS KKSSK` pKPKKS KKPTKZ KSM[K lKPKKS KKTTK PTM$K MMKKMKK KMMKM&K iKPKKS KKPUK| `KS%K MPKSPMP PMKMM&K KKMKKS KMTSK SMM'K WbKT^KKbhK KMLPM&K KKSMKd KUPM%K KSTKS KTKKM KPTPK SWM)K KTKKP all|U%K |KPKKP KPMLb PTKT` SMTKPK KTSM3K KSSMPKl aSWMSMSPM PSM0K ^KUTMK^ iKSM8K MTKSSP&K zTKUMKP` LPSKi WKMMPMM iKMTP `KKMU PUSKKPKp uKPdK |STKPWWPT KPKPS WUZMZK lMKKNRP aKMPUM MPMSMPK lKMKK MKMKMKPMMgK MKKTSPKUd KPKKM MSPTK K`|ZKM KWTSPMKK PSMKSK MPKuiKMKKM TMKMSM SPK^uubKMP MSPKKMSM MK`pd MMTSPK WKSMSP uKSMKK ^UKMM p|KUU PSTSPP P^^bYa oo<A>AA >A>>A>A) `cULULnU [[`[cffmc [cmmfmfmm` {==$b L[[U[mf KVUcc`c V[[ccf {{oTo= ~OddUA d~YOY OuYUA 3+qG+WqW 3&q=# OOAdkO FOAFA &"&"&"& &"&"&"&"&" AAFOAOFAAF YAAOFAY OFAOFFOFOA 9SD2e29!S t92etD 9St!9eS2n2 OdY~F duOFYdF~YO YdFYukF dYAFY OdAdO uOYAk FdFYYFkAdF Fudkd 9n2S:2 FkY-A !nnt!D 2e!et!D PZZswP FOAFu FAF A AA~d~ jxO"A kAAOd OOY-R YOOfA J0>>`A z"+&+&+ &+&++& &++&++& dAO~AOj "++&+/&&/& &+&++&+&&+ BuAYy FOFOFOFFY YA>u= &+&&+GW+&3 3&+GW+&+3& &/++/" uuZ&3 (3+/+/+ +/+/+/+/+/ +/+//+/+/+ +/+/+/+/+/ +/+/+/0 dFAO]A AFyBC dFAFAYAYAA YkFYYFY OAFOYOYFFO FOYAdF ~AOOAYYFFA F~d&A FFAXi FFAAdAFAY FAAFF oEBbBTobb{ %>>%% >%%>%>>%> >%>%>% %%>>% >>%%>%%>> >>%%> >>%%>%>>%> >>%%> >%%>%> %>>%% p&0%>>%%>% >%%>%> >%%>% >>%%# p&>>%>%> ##?# %?? 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A? 1--11 :_ __ ;__ _ _; ?_?_ __ _ ;_; _?_ _ _?__?_ :_;_?_ ; ?_ _ ;; __? -1-y11 yy1-1 1-11--1 --,-%- --1-1- -u-%1 -1-u91xu 1u--t-- --y-1 y1%-1 --11-yy --11$ -1--1- -1-11 --1-1-1 -1-1- 1-1-1-1- 11--11 Turkmenistan Map Button Image 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Turkmenistan Geography Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States Area: total area: 488,100 sq km land area: 488,100 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than California Land boundaries: total 3,736 km, Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline: 0 km note: Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined Climate: subtropical desert Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulphur, salt Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 69% forest and woodland: 0% other: 29% Irrigated land: 12,450 sq km (1990) Environment: current issues: contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salinization, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Ozone Layer Protection Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Turkmenistan People Population: 4,075,316 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (female 798,620; male 821,550) 15-64 years: 56% (female 1,155,392; male 1,128,844) 65 years and over: 4% (female 105,424; male 65,486) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.97% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 29.93 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 68.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 65.35 years male: 61.85 years female: 69.02 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.72 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Turkmen(s) adjective: Turkmen Ethnic divisions: Turkmen 73.3%, Russian 9.8%, Uzbek 9%, Kazakh 2%, other 5.9% Religions: Muslim 87%, Eastern Orthodox 11%, unknown 2% Languages: Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% Labor force: 1.642 million (January 1994) by occupation: agriculture and forestry 44%, industry and construction 20%, other 36% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Turkmenistan Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Digraph: TX Type: republic Capital: Ashgabat Administrative divisions: 5 welayatlar (singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty note: names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from welayat name Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution: adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Saparmurad NIYAZOV (since NA October 1990); election last held 21 June 1992 (next to be held NA 2002); results - Saparmurad NIYAZOV 99.5% (ran unopposed); note - a 15 January 1994 referendum extended NIYAZOV's term an additional five years until 2002 (99.99% approval) head of government: Prime Minister (vacant); Deputy Prime Ministers Orazgeldi AYDOGDIYEV (since NA), Babamurad BAZAROV (since NA), Khekim ISHANOV (since NA), Valeriy OTCHERTSOV (since NA), Yagmur OVEZOV (since NA), Matkarim RAJAPOV (since NA), Abad RIZAYEVA (since NA), Rejep SAPAROV (since NA), Boris SHIKHMURADOV (since NA), Batyr SARJAYEV (since NA) cabinet: Council of Ministers Legislative branch: under 1992 constitution there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council (Halk Maslahaty - having more than 100 members and meeting infrequently) and a 50-member unicameral Assembly (Majlis) Assembly (Majlis): elections last held 11 December 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (50 total) Democratic Party 45, other 5; note - all 50 preapproved by President NIYAZOV Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Turkmenistan Government Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, Saparmurad NIYAZOV; Party for Democratic Development, Durdymurat HOJA-MUKHAMMED, chairman; Agzybirlik, Nurberdy NURMAMEDOV, cochairman, Hubayberdi HALLIYEV, cochairman note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries Member of: CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Khalil UGUR chancery: 1511 K Street NW, Suite 412, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 737-4800 FAX: [1] (202) 737-1152 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph S. HULINGS III embassy: 6 Teheran Street, Yubilenaya Hotel, Ashgabat mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [7] (3632) 24-49-25, 24-49-22 FAX: [7] (3632) 25-53-79 Flag: green field, including a vertical stripe on the hoist side, with a claret vertical stripe in between containing five white, black, and orange carpet guls (an assymetrical design used in producing rugs) associated with five different tribes; a white crescent and five white stars in the upper left corner to the right of the carpet guls THE WORLD FACTBOOK Turkmenistan Economy Overview: Turkmenistan is largely desert country with nomadic cattle raising, intensive agriculture in irrigated oases, and huge gas and oil resources. Half its irrigated land is planted in cotton making it the world's tenth largest producer. It also has the world's fifth largest reserves of natural gas and significant oil resources. Until the end of 1993, Turkmenistan had experienced less economic disruption than other former Soviet states because its economy received a boost from higher prices for oil and gas and a sharp increase in hard currency earnings. In 1994, Russia's refusal to export Turkmen gas to hard currency markets and mounting debts of its major customers in the former USSR for gas deliveries contributed to a sharp fall in industrial production and caused the budget to shift from a surplus to a slight deficit. Furthermore, with an authoritarian ex-Communist regime in power and a tribally-based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. With the onset of economic hard times, even cautious moves toward economic restructuring and privatization have slowed down. For 1995, Turkmenistan will face continuing constraints on its earnings because of its customers' inability to pay for their gas and a low average cotton crop in 1994. Turkmenistan is working hard to open new gas export channels through Iran and Turkey, but these may take many years to realize. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $13.1 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992) National product real growth rate: -24% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,280 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 25% per month (1994) Unemployment rate: NA Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $382 million to states outside the FSU (1994) commodities: natural gas, cotton, petroleum products, electricity, textiles, carpets partners: Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Argentina Imports: $304 million from states outside the FSU (1994) commodities: machinery and parts, grain and food, plastics and rubber, consumer durables, textiles partners: Russia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey External debt: NEGL Industrial production: growth rate -25% (1994) Electricity: capacity: 2,480,000 kW THE WORLD FACTBOOK Turkmenistan Economy production: 10.5 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,600 kWh (1994) Industries: natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing Agriculture: cotton, grain, animal husbandry Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe Economic aid: recipient: Turkmenistan has received about $200 million in bilateral aid credits Currency: Turkmenistan introduced its national currency, the manat, on 1 November 1993 Exchange rates: manats per US$1 - multiple rate system: 10 (official) and 230 (permitted in transactions between the government and individuals) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Turkmenistan Transportation Railroads: total: 2,120 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines broad gauge: 2,120 km 1.520-m gauge (1990) Highways: total: 23,000 km paved and graveled: 18,300 km unpaved: earth 4,700 km (1990) Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km Ports: Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnowodsk) Airports: total: 64 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 35 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Turkmenistan Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; only 7.5 telephones/100 persons (1991); poorly developed local: NA intercity: NA international: linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via INTELSAT; 1 Orbita and 1 INTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Turkmenistan Defense Forces Branches: National Guard, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), Joint Command Turkmenistan/Russia (Ground, Air, and Air Defense) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 993,321; males fit for military service 810,392; males reach military age (18) annually 40,430 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP +TURKMENISTAN - Passport and visa required. At the time of publication, visa issuances are being handled by the Russian Consulate. The visa process must be initiated in Turkmenistan by the sponsoring agency or by the travel agent involved; no visa request is initiated at the Russian Consulate. Visas are not issued until an approval cable arrives from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Turkmenistan to the Russian Consulate. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Turkmenistan ============================================================ Turkmenistan - Consular Information Sheet July 28, 1995 Country Description: Smallest in population of the former Soviet Republics, Turkmenistan in many ways remains unchanged from the old regime. It is a country where tourist facilities are not highly developed and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other European countries are not yet available. Internal travel, especially by air, may be disrupted unexpectedly and on short notice. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Without a visa, travelers cannot register at hotels and will be required to leave the country immediately via the route by which they entered. Visas for Turkmenistan are issued at the Embassy of Turkmenistan, 1511 K Street, N.W., Suite 412, Washington, D.C. 20005, telephone (202) 737-4800. Visas may also be obtained on arrival at the airport for approximately 20 dollars for a ten day stay, without presenting an invitation letter. Extensions may be authorized by applying at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A letter of invitation should then be furnished by the traveler's host to support the application. American citizens who arrive in Turkmenistan without visas by car or train at the land border crossing points should obtain the visas at the Velayat Hiakimliks (regional mayor's offices). Americans arriving in Turkmenistan from Azerbaijan on a ferry should find a Ministry of Foreign Affairs representative at the seaport of Turkmenbashi. Medical Facilities: Medical care in Turkmenistan is limited. The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of English speaking physicians in the area. There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics, and antibiotics. Elderly travelers and those with existing health problems may be at risk due to inadequate medical facilities. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, tel: (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Turkmenistan has a low rate of violent crime, but common street crime has increased, especially at night. The U.S. Embassy recommends that westerners, especially women, not walk or take public transportation or taxis alone, especially after dark. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Additional information on the region can be found in the brochure, "Tips for Travelers to Russia." Both publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Turkmenistan is a cash only economy, although several new hotels accept credit cards. Vneshekonombank accepts travelers checks. Commercial and other checks require from one to two months to clear. Vnesheconombank accepts Mastercard, Visa and Eurocards for cash advances. Travelers are advised to take only new, clean dollar bills with them (1990 and newer). Banks frequently do not have small bills for change. More detailed information is available at the U.S. Embassy. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. There is no allowable blood alcohol content for drivers. A driver who has taken one detectable drink may be fined or jailed. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans are encouraged to register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy where they can obtain updated information on travel and security within Turkmenistan. The U.S. Embassy is located in Ashgabat at Pushkin Street, No. 9, telephones: (7-3632) 35-00-45, (7-3632) 35-00-46. No. 95-083 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for Turkmenistan dated July 29, 1994 to add information on entry requirements, currency regulations, drug penalties and U.S. Embassy location and telephone numbers. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Turkmenistan ============================================================ Turkmenistan - Consular Information Sheet July 28, 1995 Country Description: Smallest in population of the former Soviet Republics, Turkmenistan in many ways remains unchanged from the old regime. It is a country where tourist facilities are not highly developed and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other European countries are not yet available. Internal travel, especially by air, may be disrupted unexpectedly and on short notice. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Without a visa, travelers cannot register at hotels and will be required to leave the country immediately via the route by which they entered. Visas for Turkmenistan are issued at the Embassy of Turkmenistan, 1511 K Street, N.W., Suite 412, Washington, D.C. 20005, telephone (202) 737-4800. Visas may also be obtained on arrival at the airport for approximately 20 dollars for a ten day stay, without presenting an invitation letter. Extensions may be authorized by applying at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A letter of invitation should then be furnished by the traveler's host to support the application. American citizens who arrive in Turkmenistan without visas by car or train at the land border crossing points should obtain the visas at the Velayat Hiakimliks (regional mayor's offices). Americans arriving in Turkmenistan from Azerbaijan on a ferry should find a Ministry of Foreign Affairs representative at the seaport of Turkmenbashi. Medical Facilities: Medical care in Turkmenistan is limited. The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of English speaking physicians in the area. There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics, and antibiotics. Elderly travelers and those with existing health problems may be at risk due to inadequate medical facilities. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Travelers have found that in some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved to be useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, tel: (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Turkmenistan has a low rate of violent crime, but common street crime has increased, especially at night. The U.S. Embassy recommends that westerners, especially women, not walk or take public transportation or taxis alone, especially after dark. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The Department of State's pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Additional information on the region can be found in the brochure, "Tips for Travelers to Russia." Both publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Turkmenistan is a cash only economy, although several new hotels accept credit cards. Vneshekonombank accepts travelers checks. Commercial and other checks require from one to two months to clear. Vnesheconombank accepts Mastercard, Visa and Eurocards for cash advances. Travelers are advised to take only new, clean dollar bills with them (1990 and newer). Banks frequently do not have small bills for change. More detailed information is available at the U.S. Embassy. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. There is no allowable blood alcohol content for drivers. A driver who has taken one detectable drink may be fined or jailed. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration and Embassy Location: Americans are encouraged to register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy where they can obtain updated information on travel and security within Turkmenistan. The U.S. Embassy is located in Ashgabat at Pushkin Street, No. 9, telephones: (7-3632) 35-00-45, (7-3632) 35-00-46. No. 95-083 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet for Turkmenistan dated July 29, 1994 to add information on entry requirements, currency regulations, drug penalties and U.S. Embassy location and telephone numbers. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Russian Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights TURKMENI >n*nM lnbnf language H^^v^^ DCBC4BBA GB+,$**2PZ P3,4/2C`w y_L_! 3BUk} UPUUK |{udUPV UPUVUUu|| nw`TKUU TUVUoww|{} ljUPTRVU KUPj{ SUPTTURN ?TUUPVUU Pw|}{||}|x ?UTPUPVP k||}|{|{{} du}||}|{{} eTPUPVPU SPUV\Pdk }~{|x \PP\wou| {|}{}{| SUPjww||{} PPu{{u}| {|{|{|}|~} xbnMA D\o{{||~}{ ~~{{}|}|wo w{w{u}w|{w }s{|}}{Z UU`V`| |{|{||}{|} |{kjdP RTRUTPP\k~ }}{~|{}|{{ oUPPVRRU NKB@@TUVd{ |}}{{| |{||}{lls| ||uu`PRTTR B@@4B2B@TU {|}|b VDUPw{ {||{||}w\U VUU@U@434/ 4BKUV\{{|{ v^""v ?UVUP dwj`k{hrl{ ||hr{}||{{ uVUTRU@BB4 33,24UP`u{ ||{|}}{}p pZPVUPV PPShZs|}|| }u`UT BC*7/24KUU |~}|{|}| Z||kUVUP VUURFMUek} |}}|}h[hrh rhZTPB@+C BB?D`p|ln{ ;&=&==& ==&=&=& PUPMF@?DDj hnlMM Z|{{`P \PVUO99BR 7Z`PT wPUUP/ k`PVB 343*9+,7Re `i|pnihcch [rh|n{ n}|lhh}{} |{dPUV4*2* bu\UU\PUKB 3//,2,3BTV |}wtl{ }||}{| |t||}|}|{{ wdPV4**,2, 3K7RN7VUkj UUVUKKB4,, /+3/2B o{{|{ {{||} {{}}hh|| ^" ^ v BPVw| x{|uuwuu{ |{wPVB2* //+33BKRUU V\dUVTKU@/ +,,23*/,CK TVjw{|{||p |pn}} 7RPUs |``\\UU V`jjd\UB3/ ,4*++/BRTP UP\dPTRTB2 2,+BPTP\s} ++*$+$ e@RTPx )x\PK UTKKPUVP39 ++,3,24@TU KKC+,,3,+, 3@KUUjw ?RNKu~ >6>OTVTR RTRBB2BC4C 2B@KRTVU\U PRN@22,3/, 2@BTVPj}{{ 7NNK`~ flTKTTN TTBB3//33/ ,,2,233C4@ RRUP`uk VKB@43CKUT \\wu|| |}{|n ?NTKj} `UTRUPT B@*2*/*93/ 422*2*4BKN KV\j}wjVUP PTUPUUPUku u|{|~ ||{{}pn~{| 7RRKd{ F9O9>.9494 >2@@K UUTPd{|| jkd`UVP`uj }{|}{~||{| |hr{||~ ?RUPk} >>c>99 .O.U.. .>9).. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; p22p| p[[pN p\\pM p]]pL p^^pL p__pL p``pL paapM pbbpN pffpE pggpE phhpE piipF pjjpF pkkpF pllpG pmmpG pqqpM prrpM psspM pttpM puupM pvvpM pwwpM pxxpM Tuvalu Map Button Image THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tuvalu Geography Location: Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 26 sq km land area: 26 sq km comparative area: about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 24 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) Terrain: very low-lying and narrow coral atolls Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% note: Tuvalu's nine coral atolls have enough soil to grow coconuts and support subsistence agriculture Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, all water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities; beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the crown of thorns starfish natural hazards: severe tropical storms are rare THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tuvalu Geography international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tuvalu People Population: 9,991 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 36% (female 1,787; male 1,852) 15-64 years: 59% (female 3,105; male 2,764) 65 years and over: 5% (female 258; male 225) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.58% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 24.82 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 27.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.15 years male: 61.87 years female: 64.34 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.11 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Tuvaluans(s) adjective: Tuvaluan Ethnic divisions: Polynesian 96% Religions: Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6% Languages: Tuvaluan, English Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA by occupation: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tuvalu Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tuvalu former: Ellice Islands Digraph: TV Type: democracy; began debating republic status in 1992 Capital: Funafuti Administrative divisions: none Independence: 1 October 1978 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October (1978) Constitution: 1 October 1978 Legal system: NA Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Tulaga MANUELLA (since NA June 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Kamuta LATASI (since 10 December 1993); Deputy Prime Minister Otinielu TAUSI (since 10 December 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament (Palamene): elections last held 25 November 1993 (next to be held by NA 1997); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (12 total) Judicial branch: High Court Political parties and leaders: none Member of: ACP, AsDB, C (special), ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO Diplomatic representation in US: Tuvalu has no mission in the US US diplomatic representation: none Flag: light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tuvalu Economy Overview: Tuvalu consists of a scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. The islands are too small and too remote for development of a tourist industry. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.8 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $800 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.9% (1989) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $4.3 million expenditures: $4.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989 est.) Exports: $165,000 (f.o.b., 1989) commodities: copra partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ Imports: $4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989) commodities: food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 2,600 kW production: 3 million kWh consumption per capita: 330 kWh (1990) Industries: fishing, tourism, copra Agriculture: coconuts and fish Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $1 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $101 million Currency: 1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tuvalu Economy Exchange rates: Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990) Fiscal year: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tuvalu Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 8 km unpaved: gravel 8 km Ports: Funafuti, Nukufetau Merchant marine: total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 44,473 GRT/73,652 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 Airports: total: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tuvalu Communications Telephone system: 108 telephones; 300 radiotelephones local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: 4,000 Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Tuvalu Defense Forces Branches: no military forces; Police Force Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP TUVALU - Passport and onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds required. Visitors permit issued on arrival. For further information consult British Embassy (202/986-0205). 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E?E E Uganda Map Button Image / THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uganda Geography Location: Eastern Africa, west of Kenya Map references: Africa Area: total area: 236,040 sq km land area: 199,710 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon Land boundaries: total 2,698 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains Natural resources: copper, cobalt, limestone, salt Land use: arable land: 23% permanent crops: 9% meadows and pastures: 25% forest and woodland: 30% other: 13% Irrigated land: 90 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Environmental Modification Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uganda People Population: 19,573,262 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 49% (female 4,792,164; male 4,834,757) 15-64 years: 49% (female 4,802,650; male 4,704,159) 65 years and over: 2% (female 215,648; male 223,884) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.25% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 48.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 24.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including Zaire, Sudan, and Rwanda; probably in excess of 100,000 southern Sudanese fled to Uganda during the past year; many of the 8,000 Rwandans who took refuge in Uganda have returned home Infant mortality rate: 112.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 36.58 years male: 36.26 years female: 36.91 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.7 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Ugandan(s) adjective: Ugandan Ethnic divisions: Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo 3%, European, Asian, Arab 1%, other 23% Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18% Languages: English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages, Nilotic languages Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991) total population: 56% male: 68% female: 45% Labor force: 4.5 million (est.) by occupation: agriculture over 80% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uganda Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Uganda conventional short form: Uganda Digraph: UG Type: republic Capital: Kampala Administrative divisions: 39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sototi, Tororo Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962) Constitution: 8 September 1967, in process of constitutional revision Legal system: government plans to restore system based on English common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986); Vice President Dr. Specioza Wandira KAZIBWE (since 18 November 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE (since 18 November 1994) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral National Resistance Council: elections last held 28 March 1993 (next to be held end of 1995); results - 284 non-partisan delegates elected to an interim Constituent Assembly with the principal task of writing a final draft of a new constitution for Uganda on the basis of which a regular Constituent Assembly will be elected note: first free and fair election in 30 years is to be held by end of 1995 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court Political parties and leaders: only party - National Resistance Movement (NRM), Yoweri MUSEVENI note: Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), Milton OBOTE; Democratic Party (DP), Paul SSEMOGEERE; and Conservative Party (CP), Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI continue to exist but are all proscribed from conducting public political activities Other political or pressure groups: Lord's Resistance Army (LRA); Ruwenzori Movement THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uganda Government Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416 FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador E. Michael SOUTHWICK embassy: Parliament Avenue, Kampala mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala telephone: [256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795 FAX: [256] (41) 259794 Flag: six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uganda Economy Overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-94, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually improving domestic security. The economy again prospered in 1994 with rapid growth, low inflation, growing foreign investment, a trimmed bureaucracy, and the continued return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $16.2 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 6% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $850 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $365 million expenditures: $545 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million (1989 est.) Exports: $237 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: coffee 97%, cotton, tea partners: US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10% Imports: $696 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation equipment, food partners: Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13% External debt: $2.9 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 1.5% (1992); accounts for 5% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 160,000 kW production: 780 million kWh consumption per capita: 32 kWh (1993) Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uganda Economy Agriculture: mainly subsistence; accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor force; cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops - cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; livestock products - beef, goat meat, milk, poultry; self-sufficient in food Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $169 million Currency: 1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,195 (December 1994), 1,195.0 (1993), 1.133.8 (1992), 734.0 (1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uganda Transportation Railroads: total: 1,300 km single track narrow gauge: 1,300 km 1.000-m-gauge Highways: total: 26,200 km paved: 1,970 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 5,849 km; earth, tracks 18,381 km Inland waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria Ports: Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell Merchant marine: total: 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091 GRT/NA DWT Airports: 29 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 9 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 6 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 9 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uganda Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; fair system local: NA intercity: microwave and radio communications stations international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 9 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uganda Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Wing Manpower availability: males age 15-49 4,231,019; males fit for military service 2,298,654 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $55 million, 1.7% of budget (FY93/94) UGANDA - Passport required. Immunization certificates for yellow fever and cholera are required (typhoid and malaria suppressants recommended). For business visa and other information contact Embassy of the Republic of Uganda, 5909 16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20011 (202/726-7100-02) or Permanent Mission to the U.N. (212/949-0110). Uganda - Consular Information Sheet September 21, 1994 Country Description: Uganda is a developing East African nation. Tourism facilities are adequate in Kampala, but are limited in other areas. Entry Requirements: A passport is required; a visa is not required for U.S. citizens. Evidence of immunization for yellow fever, cholera and typhoid is often requested. Uganda levies a 20 US-dollar departure tax, payable in cash (dollars or shillings) at Entebbe Airport. Further entry information may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Uganda, 5909 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20011, telephone (202) 726-7100, or the Ugandan Permanent Mission to the United Nations, telephone (212) 949-0110. Areas of Instability: Because of a resurgence of rebel and bandit activity and renewed fighting in the area along the Sudanese border, travel in the northern part of Uganda is extremely dangerous. There have been at least two instances of land mine explosions in the roads north of Gulu. Additionally, random acts of violence involving American and other tourists have occurred in northern Uganda, such as a grenade attack at a tourist hotel in Arua. The area affected encompasses the entire northern part of Uganda (Arua, Moyo, Gulu, Nebbi, Kitgum, Lira, Apac, Kotido, Moroto and Soroti districts). Travel in this area, whether by private vehicle, in convoys or by official vehicle (UN program vehicle, etc.) is unsafe. Vehicles have been stopped and destroyed, and passengers have been robbed and/or killed. The inability of the Ugandan government to ensure the safety of visitors to these areas makes travel dangerous and unwise. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Uganda are limited. Medical supplies, equipment and medication are often in short supply or not available. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage and medical evacuation provisions has proved useful. Information on health matters may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Incidents of armed vehicle hijackings and armed highway robbery are frequent throughout the country. Although these attacks are often violent, victims are generally injured only if they resist. In Kampala, less violent crimes such as pickpocketing, purse snatching and thefts from parked vehicles or vehicles stalled in traffic jams are a common problem. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Highway Travel: Many roads in Uganda are poor, and bandit activity in some areas is both frequent and unpredictable. Highway travel at night is particularly dangerous. Photography Prohibition: Photographing security forces or government installations is prohibited. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register in the Consular Section at the U.S. Embassy in Kampala may obtain updated information on travel and security in Uganda. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located on Parliament Avenue in the capital city of Kampala, P.O. Box 7007; telephone (256-41) 259792/3/5. No. 94-222 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued August 29, 1994, to provide new information on the dangers in northern Uganda. Show Map x8dot3 English (British) Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights UGANDA 4P@P{G rP^PM language p8>>8 :/:(][(/: :fN]N ?Zbby }eE}AA jyD[# UA?b>( YeU`R IyJAMJAAQ [ZA}jA}= 8=j(A >Ypp#~ JAAQK JAAs[8 MJAJAU "1"1\ <"KFF< OccYc M}j}K# JjAUjjZs YI~~I8 QZJQJJAJJA rHAjsUs $E^WWE AA}bA }b?Ay QMU#A .8)Y8p8 YY)>c Oc.~c ZJZAJ O.).cY >~cYY (u@f(: \<)8I \oFFo ~cc~p (?A?A? 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; OOJ;; S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S S/S/S United Arab Emirates Map Button Image (2(2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates Geography Location: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia Map references: Middle East Area: total area: 75,581 sq km land area: 75,581 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Maine Land boundaries: total 867 km, Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km Coastline: 1,318 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: location and status of boundary with Saudi Arabia is not final; no defined boundary with most of Oman, but Administrative Line in far north; claims two islands in the Persian Gulf occupied by Iran (Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg or Greater Tunb, and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek or Lesser Tunb); claims island in the Persian Gulf jointly administered with Iran (Jazireh-ye Abu Musa or Abu Musa); in 1992, the dispute over Abu Musa and the Tunb islands became more acute when Iran unilaterally tried to control the entry of third country nationals into the UAE portion of Abu Musa island, Tehran subsequently backed off in the face of significant diplomatic support for the UAE in the region Climate: desert; cooler in eastern mountains Terrain: flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 2% forest and woodland: 0% other: 98% Irrigated land: 50 sq km (1989 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates Geography Environment: current issues: lack of natural freshwater resources being overcome by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills natural hazards: frequent sand and dust storms international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea Note: strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates People Population: 2,924,594 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 35% (female 499,559; male 521,415) 15-64 years: 64% (female 643,819; male 1,229,730) 65 years and over: 1% (female 10,296; male 19,775) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 4.55% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 27.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 3.03 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 21.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 21 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.51 years male: 70.42 years female: 74.71 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.53 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Emirian(s) adjective: Emirian Ethnic divisions: Emirian 19%, other Arab 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982) note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982) Religions: Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4% Languages: Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write but definition of literary not available (1985) total population: 71% male: 72% female: 69% Labor force: 580,000 (1986 est.) by occupation: industry and commerce 85%, agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 5% note: 80% of labor force is foreign (est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates Government Names: conventional long form: United Arab Emirates conventional short form: none local long form: Al Imarata al Arabiyah al Muttahidah local short form: none former: Trucial States Abbreviation: UAE Digraph: TC Type: federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE central government and other powers reserved to member emirates Capital: Abu Dhabi Administrative divisions: 7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Dubai, Ra's al Khaymah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaywayn Independence: 2 December 1971 (from UK) National holiday: National Day, 2 December (1971) Constitution: 2 December 1971 (provisional) Legal system: secular codes are being introduced by the UAE Government and in several member emirates; Islamic law remains influential Suffrage: none Executive branch: chief of state: President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (since 2 December 1971), ruler of Abu Dhabi; Vice President Shaykh MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy head of government: Prime Minister Shaykh MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy; Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990) Supreme Council of Rulers: composed of the seven emirate rulers, the council is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation, Abu Dhabi and Dubayy rulers have veto power; council meets four times a year cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral Federal National Council (Majlis Watani Itihad); no elections Judicial branch: Union Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: none Other political or pressure groups: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates Government Member of: ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Muhammad bin Husayn al-SHAALI chancery: Suite 600, 3000 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 338-6500 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador William A. RUGH embassy: Al-Sudan Street, Abu Dhabi mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi; American Embassy Abu Dhabi, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-6010 (pouch) telephone: [971] (2) 436691, 436692 FAX: [971] (2) 434771 consulate(s) general: Dubayy (Dubai) Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a thicker vertical red band on the hoist side THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates Economy Overview: The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's highest incomes per capita and with a sizable annual trade surplus. Its wealth is based on oil and gas output (about 40% of GDP), and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since 1973, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. At present levels of production, crude oil reserves should last for over 100 years. Although much stronger economically than most Gulf states, the UAE faces similar problems with weak international oil prices and the pressures for cuts in OPEC oil production quotas. The UAE government is encouraging increased privatization within the economy. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $62.7 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -0.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $22,480 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.1% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NEGL% (1988) Budget: revenues: $4.3 billion expenditures: $4.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est) Exports: $24 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: crude oil 66%, natural gas, re-exports, dried fish, dates partners: Japan 35%, South Korea 5%, Iran 4%, Oman 4%, Singapore 4% (1993) Imports: $20 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, food partners: Japan 12%, UK 10%, US 9%, Germany 7%, South Korea 5% (1993) External debt: $11.6 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 1.7% (1992 est.); accounts for 50% of GDP, including petroleum Electricity: capacity: 4,760,000 kW production: 16.5 billion kWh consumption per capita: 5,796 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, pearling Agriculture: accounts for 2% of GDP and 5% of labor force; cash crop - dates; food products - vegetables, watermelons, poultry, eggs, dairy, fish; only 25% self-sufficient in food Illicit drugs: growing role as heroin transshipment and money-laundering center THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates Economy Economic aid: donor: pledged in bilateral aid to less developed countries (1979-89) $9.1 billion Currency: 1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils Exchange rates: Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1 - 3.6710 (fixed rate) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 2,000 km paved: 1,800 km unpaved: gravel, graded earth 200 km Pipelines: crude oil 830 km; natural gas, including natural gas liquids, 870 km Ports: Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Das Island, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal' Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Umm al Qiwain Merchant marine: total: 57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,128,253 GRT/1,938,770 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 18, chemical tanker 1, container 10, liquefied gas tanker 1, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 21, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3 Airports: total: 41 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 9 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 12 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates Communications Telephone system: 386,600 telephones; modern system consisting of microwave and coaxial cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubayy local: NA intercity: microwave and coaxial cable international: 3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia Radio: broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 12 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Arab Emirates Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary (includes Federal Police Force) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,072,261; males fit for military service 583,967; males reach military age (18) annually 19,266 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.59 billion, 4.3% of GDP (1994) K0K0UNITED ARAB EMIRATES - Passport and visa required. Tourist visa must be obtained by relative/sponsor in UAE, and sponsor must meet visitor at airport. Business visas issued only by Embassy, and require company letter and sponsor in UAE to send a fax or telex to Embassy confirming trip. Single-entry visa valid 2 months for stay up to 30 days, $18 fee. Multiple-entry visa (for business only), valid 6 months from date of issue for maximum stay of 30 days per entry, $225 fee, paid by cash, money order or certified check. Submit 2 application forms, 2 photo and prepaid envelope for return of passport by certified/registered mail. AIDS test required for work or residence permits; testing must be performed upon arrival; U.S. test not accepted. For further information contact Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, Suite 740, 600 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 (202/338-6500). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - United Arab Emirates ============================================================ United Arab Emirates - Consular Information Sheet July 21, 1995 Country Description: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven independent emirates, each with its own ruler. The federal government exists as a constitutional republic, headed by a president and council of ministers. Islamic ideals and beliefs provide the conservative foundation of the country's customs, laws and practices. The UAE is a modern, developed country, and tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. In addition, an AIDS test is required for work or residence permits; testing must be performed after arrival. A U.S. AIDS test is not accepted. For further information, travelers can contact the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, Suite 740, 600 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, telephone (202) 338-6500. Medical Facilities: Basic modern medical care and medicines are available in the principal cities of the UAE, but not necessarily in outlying areas. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control, telephone (404) 332-4559, has additional health information. Information on Crime: Crime is generally not a problem for travelers in the UAE. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug and Crime Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict in the United Arab Emirates and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Crimes of fraud, including passing bad checks and non-payment of bills (including hotel bills), are regarded seriously in the UAE and can result in imprisonment, in addition to fines. Pending legislation, scheduled to go into effect in early 1996, will impose the death sentence for convicted drug traffickers. Penalties are generally assessed according to Islamic (Shariah) law. In the case of imprisonment, bail is generally not available to non-residents of the UAE. Dual Nationality/Child Custody: The UAE government does not recognize dual nationality. Children of UAE fathers automatically acquire UAE citizenship at birth and must enter and leave the UAE on UAE passports. UAE authorities will usually confiscate the U.S. passports of dual (UAE/U.S.) nationals. This does not constitute loss of citizenship, but should be reported to the U.S. Embassy in Abu Dhabi or the U.S. Consulate General in Dubai. Child custody decisions are based on Islamic law. It is difficult for an American woman, even a Muslim, to obtain custody of her dual national (UAE/U.S.) children through the UAE courts. Business Disputes: American citizens may become involved in disputes of a commercial nature involving the withholding of the American citizen's passport by the local individual or firm. It is customary for a local sponsor to hold an employee's passport, but it is not required under UAE law. Most such disputes can be avoided by clearly establishing all terms and conditions of employment or sponsorship in the labor contract at the beginning of any employment. Should a dispute still arise, the UAE Ministry of Labor has established a special department to review and arbitrate labor claims. A list of local attorneys capable of representing Americans in such matters is available from the consular and commercial sections of the U.S. Embassy in Abu Dhabi and the U.S. Consulate General in Dubai. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the Embassy or the Consulate General can obtain updated information on travel and security within the UAE. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, is located on Al-Sudan St., P.O. Box 4009. The telephone number is (971) (2) 436-691. The U.S. Consulate General in Dubai is located at the Dubai International Trade Center, P.O. Box 9343. The telephone number is (971)(4) 313-115. The workweek in the UAE is Saturday through Wednesday. No. 95-080 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 26, 1994, to add information on criminal penalties, dual nationality and child custody, and business disputes. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - United Arab Emirates ============================================================ United Arab Emirates - Consular Information Sheet July 21, 1995 Country Description: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven independent emirates, each with its own ruler. The federal government exists as a constitutional republic, headed by a president and council of ministers. Islamic ideals and beliefs provide the conservative foundation of the country's customs, laws and practices. The UAE is a modern, developed country, and tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. In addition, an AIDS test is required for work or residence permits; testing must be performed after arrival. A U.S. AIDS test is not accepted. For further information, travelers can contact the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, Suite 740, 600 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, telephone (202) 338-6500. Medical Facilities: Basic modern medical care and medicines are available in the principal cities of the UAE, but not necessarily in outlying areas. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control, telephone (404) 332-4559, has additional health information. Information on Crime: Crime is generally not a problem for travelers in the UAE. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug and Crime Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict in the United Arab Emirates and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Crimes of fraud, including passing bad checks and non-payment of bills (including hotel bills), are regarded seriously in the UAE and can result in imprisonment, in addition to fines. Pending legislation, scheduled to go into effect in early 1996, will impose the death sentence for convicted drug traffickers. Penalties are generally assessed according to Islamic (Shariah) law. In the case of imprisonment, bail is generally not available to non-residents of the UAE. Dual Nationality/Child Custody: The UAE government does not recognize dual nationality. Children of UAE fathers automatically acquire UAE citizenship at birth and must enter and leave the UAE on UAE passports. UAE authorities will usually confiscate the U.S. passports of dual (UAE/U.S.) nationals. This does not constitute loss of citizenship, but should be reported to the U.S. Embassy in Abu Dhabi or the U.S. Consulate General in Dubai. Child custody decisions are based on Islamic law. It is difficult for an American woman, even a Muslim, to obtain custody of her dual national (UAE/U.S.) children through the UAE courts. Business Disputes: American citizens may become involved in disputes of a commercial nature involving the withholding of the American citizen's passport by the local individual or firm. It is customary for a local sponsor to hold an employee's passport, but it is not required under UAE law. Most such disputes can be avoided by clearly establishing all terms and conditions of employment or sponsorship in the labor contract at the beginning of any employment. Should a dispute still arise, the UAE Ministry of Labor has established a special department to review and arbitrate labor claims. A list of local attorneys capable of representing Americans in such matters is available from the consular and commercial sections of the U.S. Embassy in Abu Dhabi and the U.S. Consulate General in Dubai. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the Embassy or the Consulate General can obtain updated information on travel and security within the UAE. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, is located on Al-Sudan St., P.O. Box 4009. The telephone number is (971) (2) 436-691. The U.S. Consulate General in Dubai is located at the Dubai International Trade Center, P.O. Box 9343. The telephone number is (971)(4) 313-115. The workweek in the UAE is Saturday through Wednesday. No. 95-080 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 26, 1994, to add information on criminal penalties, dual nationality and child custody, and business disputes. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Arabic Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights UNITED_A \rRrf language 4B=B=B==e vP`]S PPfSfSPfS` mmkkmkkmkm >E`k] oomkmokmko kS`]P HPP]PSSP]b kkmmko qm[mk kmmoommook moommokomm oPPSP^SPRP ^`f__OHfH TK\vfforkm kkomkkmm mmkmokmrmm rkkmk kkmommkomk b``PSS SSYmmok romkomm OKEKKOKIKI K[[K_fmomm ookmmoo ooummr kmkkmmo rrkmok Dk`omkoo okmmkorkvk xmkf_T[KIO EIIKIIKEIE KITT_o okmomm mkkmomomkm komkkmokmk mrkkrmkmm fmmokokm omkrmk kvmommkmk[ f\TTKEIKIK EIIKIKIIKI KIEKIEEIIO Tfkmoomo kokkmmkmkk kmmkm omkmummkom mkrmomkmmk Smommrmm rmkmm _f\TKIKEIK KITKOOIK[T kmrmmookmr ookkmo ^mmkmoo OIKIIEIIK KIOOI_\_\f mmkmomkm mkmokmm mommkkomk kmommkkomo mommookrkk 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ABAB?B@B A?A A?A?A ?A A?A?A?A A?A?A?A A ?A?A?A A?A A?AR ? ?E E United Kingdom bHc6k Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights UNITED_K x8dot3 English (British) language G THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Geography Location: Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France Map references: Europe Area: total area: 244,820 sq km land area: 241,590 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands Land boundaries: total 360 km, Ireland 360 km Coastline: 12,429 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: Northern Ireland question with Ireland; Gibraltar question with Spain; Argentina claims Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); Argentina claims South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Mauritius claims island of Diego Garcia in British Indian Ocean Territory; Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and Ireland (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) Climate: temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than half of the days are overcast Terrain: mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast Natural resources: coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica Land use: arable land: 29% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 48% forest and woodland: 9% other: 14% Irrigated land: 1,570 sq km (1989) THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Geography Environment: current issues: sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants contribute to air pollution; some rivers polluted by agricultural wastes and coastal waters polluted because of large-scale disposal of sewage at sea natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification Note: lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and now linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom People Population: 58,295,119 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 19% (female 5,572,189; male 5,843,192) 15-64 years: 65% (female 18,723,583; male 18,935,931) 65 years and over: 16% (female 5,471,383; male 3,748,841) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.27% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 13.18 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.66 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77 years male: 74.18 years female: 79.95 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural) adjective: British Ethnic divisions: English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, Ulster 1.8%, West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8% Religions: Anglican 27 million, Roman Catholic 9 million, Muslim 1 million, Presbyterian 800,000, Methodist 760,000, Sikh 400,000, Hindu 350,000, Jewish 300,000 (1991 est.) note: the UK does not include a question on religion in its census Languages: English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 28.048 million by occupation: services 62.8%, manufacturing and construction 25.0%, government 9.1%, energy 1.9%, agriculture 1.2% (June 1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Government Names: conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland conventional short form: United Kingdom Abbreviation: UK Digraph: UK Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: London Administrative divisions: 47 counties, 7 metropolitan counties, 26 districts, 9 regions, and 3 islands areas England: 39 counties, 7 metropolitan counties*; Avon, Bedford, Berkshire, Buckingham, Cambridge, Cheshire, Cleveland, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucester, Greater London*, Greater Manchester*, Hampshire, Hereford and Worcester, Hertford, Humberside, Isle of Wight, Kent, Lancashire, Leicester, Lincoln, Merseyside*, Norfolk, Northampton, Northumberland, North Yorkshire, Nottingham, Oxford, Shropshire, Somerset, South Yorkshire*, Stafford, Suffolk, Surrey, Tyne and Wear*, Warwick, West Midlands*, West Sussex, West Yorkshire*, Wiltshire Northern Ireland: 26 districts; Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Belfast, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down, Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Londonderry, Magherafelt, Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane Scotland: 9 regions, 3 islands areas*; Borders, Central, Dumfries and Galloway, Fife, Grampian, Highland, Lothian, Orkney*, Shetland*, Strathclyde, Tayside, Western Isles* Wales: 8 counties; Clwyd, Dyfed, Gwent, Gwynedd, Mid Glamorgan, Powys, South Glamorgan, West Glamorgan Dependent areas: Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Hong Kong (scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 1 July 1997), Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands Independence: 1 January 1801 (United Kingdom established) National holiday: Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second Saturday in June) Constitution: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice Legal system: common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the Queen, born 14 November 1948) THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Government head of government: Prime Minister John MAJOR (since 28 November 1990) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament House of Lords: consists of a 1,200-member body, four-fifths are hereditary peers, 2 archbishops, 24 other senior bishops, serving and retired Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, other life peers, Scottish peers House of Commons: elections last held 9 April 1992 (next to be held by NA April 1997); results - Conservative 41.9%, Labor 34.5%, Liberal Democratic 17.9%, other 5.7%; seats - (651 total) Conservative 336, Labor 271, Liberal Democratic 20, other 24 Judicial branch: House of Lords Political parties and leaders: Conservative and Unionist Party, John MAJOR; Labor Party, Anthony (Tony) Blair; Liberal Democrats (LD), Jeremy (Paddy) ASHDOWN; Scottish National Party, Alex SALMOND; Welsh National Party (Plaid Cymru), Dafydd Iwan WIGLEY; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland), James MOLYNEAUX; Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland), Rev. Ian PAISLEY; Ulster Popular Unionist Party (Northern Ireland); Social Democratic and Labor Party (SDLP, Northern Ireland), John HUME; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland), Gerry ADAMS Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers' Union; Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECA (associate), ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Sir Robin William RENWICK chancery: 3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 462-1340 FAX: [1] (202) 898-4255 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco, consulate(s): Dallas, Miami, and Seattle US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Adm. William W. CROWE embassy: 24/31 Grosvenor Square, London, W. 1A1AE mailing address: PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040 telephone: [44] (71) 499-9000 THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Government FAX: [44] (71) 409-1637 consulate(s) general: Belfast, Edinburgh Flag: blue with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland) which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); known as the Union Flag or Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including dependencies, Commonwealth countries, and others THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Economy Overview: The UK is one of the world's great trading powers and financial centers, and its economy ranks among the four largest in Western Europe. The economy is essentially capitalistic; over the past 13 years the ruling Tories have greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves, and primary energy production accounts for 12% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance, now employing only 25% of the work force and generating only 21% of GDP. The economy registered 4.2% GDP growth in 1994, its fastest annual rate for six years. Exports and manufacturing output are the primary engines of growth. Unemployment is gradually falling. Inflation is at the lowest level in 27 years, but British monetary authorities raised interest rates to 6.25% in 1994 in a preemptive strike on emerging inflationary pressures such as higher taxes and rising manufacturing costs. The combination of a buoyant economy and fiscal tightening is projected to trim the FY94/95 budget shortfall to about $50 billion - down from about $75 billion in FY93/94. The major economic policy question for Britain in the 1990s is the terms on which it participates in the financial and economic integration of Europe. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.0452 trillion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $17,980 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.4% (1994) Unemployment rate: 9.3% (1994) Budget: revenues: $325.5 billion expenditures: $400.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $33 billion (FY93/94 est.) Exports: $200 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, transport equipment partners: EU countries 56.7% (Germany 14.0%, France 11.1%, Netherlands 7.9%), US 10.9% Imports: $215 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: manufactured goods, machinery, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods partners: EU countries 51.7% (Germany 14.9%, France 9.3%, Netherlands 8.4%), US 11.6% External debt: $16.2 billion (June 1992) Industrial production: growth rate 5.6% (1994) Electricity: capacity: 65,360,000 kW THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Economy production: 303 billion kWh consumption per capita: 5,123 kWh (1993) Industries: production machinery including machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods Agriculture: accounts for only 1.5% of GDP; wide variety of crops and livestock products Illicit drugs: gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market; producer of synthetic drugs; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering center Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1992-93), $3.2 billion Currency: 1 British pound (#) = 100 pence Exchange rates: British pounds (#) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6033 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Transportation Railroads: total: 16,888 km; note - several additional small standard-gauge and narrow-gauge lines are privately owned and operated broad gauge: 330 km 1.600-m gauge (190 km double track) standard gauge: 16,558 km 1.435-m gauge (4,950 km electrified; 12,591 km double or multiple track) Highways: total: 360,047 km (includes Northern Ireland) paved: 360,047 km (includes Northern Ireland; Great Britain has 3,100 km limited access divided highway) Inland waterways: 2,291 total; British Waterways Board, 606 km; Port Authorities, 706 km; other, 979 km Pipelines: crude oil (almost all insignificant) 933 km; petroleum products 2,993 km; natural gas 12,800 km Ports: Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Grangemouth, Hull, Leith, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Medway, Sullom Voe, Tees, Tyne Merchant marine: total: 155 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,249,823 GRT/3,978,336 DWT ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 24, chemical tanker 2, container 23, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 56, passenger 7, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, short-sea passenger 13, specialized tanker 1 Airports: total: 505 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 10 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 30 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 174 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 91 with paved runways under 914 m: 172 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 27 THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Communications Telephone system: 30,200,000 telephones; technologically advanced domestic and international system local: NA intercity: NA equal mix of buried cables, microwave and optical-fiber systems international: 40 coaxial submarine cables; 10 INTELSAT (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 INMARSAT, and 1 EUTELSAT earth satellite; at least 8 large international switching centers Radio: broadcast stations: AM 225, FM 525 (mostly repeaters), shortwave 0 radios: 70 million Television: broadcast stations: 207 (repeaters 3,210) televisions: 20 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK United Kingdom Defense Forces Branches: Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 14,429,485; males fit for military service 12,041,935 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $35.1 billion, 3.1% of GDP (FY95/96) UNITED KINGDOM (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 6 months. AIDS test required for anyone staying over 6 months and for resident and work visas; U.S. test usually accepted. For additional information consult the Consular Section of the British Embassy, 19 Observatory Circle, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/986-0205) or nearest Consulate General: CA (310/477-3322), GA (404/524-5856), IL (312/346-1810), MA (617/437-7160), NY (212/752-8400), OH (216/621-7674) or TX (713/659-6210). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - United Kingdom ============================================================ United Kingdom - Consular Information Sheet April 5, 1995 Country Description: The United Kingdom is a highly developed European nation with a modern economy. Tourist facilities throughout the United Kingdom are highly developed. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Tourists are not required to obtain a visa for stays up to six months. For further information concerning entry requirements travelers can contact the Consular Section of the Embassy of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland at 19 Observatory Circle, Washington, D.C. 20008, tel: 202-986-0205, or the nearest consulate in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Miami, Atlanta, Chicago, Boston, New York, Cleveland, Seattle, Houston, or Dallas. Quarantine Requirements: The United Kingdom has particularly rigorous quarantine restrictions on the importation of pets and livestock. There is a six-month quarantine, for example, on importation of dogs and cats. Medical Facilities: Good medical care is widely available. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health care services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline on (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: The incidence of criminal activity in the United Kingdom is generally low, though many major cities have areas where caution should be exercised. Visitors generally lock vehicles and guard their personal possessions. As in any developed country, the United Kingdom has higher incidents of criminal activity in urban areas than in the countryside. Incidents of violent crimes such as murder, armed robbery, and rape are minimal. Firearms are strictly controlled, making weapons-related offenses far less frequent than in large U.S. metropolitan areas. Large cities in England do have areas where the level of crime is significant. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" which is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and dealing in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Terrorist Activities: The United Kingdom is a stable, modern democracy. Political demonstrations in the United Kingdom are generally orderly and well policed. There is, however, a history of terrorist violence related to the political situation in Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. The ceasefire announced on August 31, 1994 by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the October 1994 ceasefire announced by "Loyalist" paramilitaries have greatly reduced the threat of violence, as both ceasefires have held. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy or at a U.S. Consulate can obtain updated information on travel and security in the United Kingdom. U.S. Embassy and Consulate Locations: U.S. Embassy London: 24/31 Grosvenor Square, tel: (44-71) 499-9000. U.S. Consulate: Edinburgh, Scotland: 3 Regent Terrace, tel: (44-31) 556-8315, U.S. Consulate: Belfast, Northern Ireland: Queen's House, 14 Queen Street, tel: (44-232) 328239, fax: (44-232) 248482. No. 95-095 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated March 15, 1994, to include an update on the reduced threat of terrorist activity. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_5 Photo_3 Photo_2 Photo_1 Photo_4 movie_1 Wk5U[ AkuE" nnZLR:A LayyZRiDZn yDA:DA :AyD::D A:A:AA:D:A RR:NA @00%5 00Q%# ZZ:aDDiDnL JT9TJHd*H9 Tv Jv *HTJ9dJH 9T v v*H 9*9d9 9H**v ujlLA II^/p -p^IpIp 7^/^I /^^&p^^ pIIp/I ^I/^^p^^ 7^&p/ C:C?OCXc @0fqq DnDnL DRAR:LLA Oo:_::Oo 55@%0K @Z::A uA:ZyDi H9 9 9 T9*v*d H9*v*v :ZL:R::i 9H*dv Dcj::a@ [Dku5 y:DnA iRaiDiDi RZRany juM%q 0KfKKq y:Rc" "ikky% @a:ADaLAZL :AiAD:ADDA ZZLAA::a iDR:n Q]]f]5 %M=Mw 0qMK@@ qQQfQKQf =Z::Z cak:ayRa R:AnA nA:A:A 9T*9H9J L:iya ZLRZL DR::RD/: T vj T{* Z[kRa K%Q]] K0qQ]f55]@ ||rb|| B$-$-$ -$-$-$- -$-$-$-$ -$-$-$-$7 [AySw5 ZRA::La 72727 cZ))< A:ZA:R AinaZ [:AA:: R:A:y :D::D:y RDZD3: U6)): h8,FF\h\ cA::a DaAZ:LRA a:A:L DyA": DaZADAZLDR :DZ:A UUHUUHTHTU dUHUw vdgdUTgUvv LaL:LZ: :aR:LZ:DDA D:LAR: J.yAz =Z::a RLLaL:inZa :aZLLDR:ZL Zi::R Uv{9H DAA::D dJ* H*d HJ d HH T0nX: v v*U T 9j d*{* d LaaDD aRZaA ::Ay: L:RZDL:A AA:AA D:D:AA:A Ok?CZZD R:R::DL::L LXLRLZXNN NRZXXNRRZZ NNLNLX nLa::Ai A::AA A:A#: }``G V ZiynZi :A::a LD:DR "y::a AccaaL ez;Ww 8\,hh\,h DRyZLiiZDL aai": aaAZn LA::DD:AAL A::AL niD#: N;<#: S)N ;/::,, zC)),/)5 UQUC:[Z '7k O,)::,/ L#::/,) ,/,,/ U>%c>U\U vZ~~f )):/,/ ,/,,//,) >.>>1 ? 0 0'0' :#::/: ):,,:://,) >UrSrc> :CLLCL fM~fE 9_ P?'k'0? 09' WI0??' 0P??k0I'I9 F::/,: :,F/,) CC.>.1 U\L.)C "'8@2'NNd K'OFR, ),,#tg rCLtn)Ftf ~{OR~ ):/:,:: ;:,/,/,L/ LnUCr>Up\ ~LtT`g QQzC5 k Iy'kP? 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Environment: current issues: substantial pollution from Brazilian industry along border; one-fifth of country affected by acid rain generated by Brazil; water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal natural hazards: seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in weather fronts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uruguay Geography international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uruguay People Population: 3,222,716 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 25% (female 392,262; male 409,580) 15-64 years: 63% (female 1,026,314; male 995,492) 65 years and over: 12% (female 233,377; male 165,691) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.74% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 17.57 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.27 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 16.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.46 years male: 71.24 years female: 77.83 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.41 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Uruguayan(s) adjective: Uruguayan Ethnic divisions: white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4% Religions: Roman Catholic 66% (less than half adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, nonprofessing or other 30% Languages: Spanish, Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 96% male: 97% female: 96% Labor force: 1.355 million (1991 est.) by occupation: government 25%, manufacturing 19%, agriculture 11%, commerce 12%, utilities, construction, transport, and communications 12%, other services 21% (1988 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uruguay Government Names: conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay conventional short form: Uruguay local long form: Republica Oriental del Uruguay local short form: Uruguay Digraph: UY Type: republic Capital: Montevideo Administrative divisions: 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres Independence: 25 August 1828 (from Brazil) National holiday: Independence Day, 25 August (1828) Constitution: 27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980 Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Julio Maria SANGUINETTI (since 1 March 1995); Vice President Hugo BATALLA (since 1 March 1995); election last held 27 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: bicameral General Assembly (Asamblea General) Chamber of Senators (Camara de Senadores): elections last held 27 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1999); results - Colorado 36%, Blanco 34 %, Encuentro Progresista 27%, New Sector 3%; seats - (30 total) Colorado 11, Blanco 10, Encuentro Progresista 8, New Sector 1 Chamber of Representatives (Camera de Representantes): elections last held 27 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1999); results - Colorado 32%, Blanco 31%, Encuentro Progresista 31%, New Sector 5%; seats - (99 total) Colorado 32, Blanco 31, Encuentro Progresista 31, New Sector 5 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: National (Blanco) Party; Colorado Party, Jorge BATLLE; Broad Front Coalition, Gen. Liber SEREGNI Mosquera; New Sector Coalition, Hugo BATALLA; Encuentro Progresista THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uruguay Government Member of: AG (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MERCOSUR, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Eduardo MACGILLYCUDDY chancery: 1918 F Street NW, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: [1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, Miami, and New York consulate(s): New Orleans US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas J. DODD embassy: Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo mailing address: APO AA 34035 telephone: [598] (2) 23 60 61, 48 77 77 FAX: [598] (2) 48 86 11 Flag: nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uruguay Economy Overview: Uruguay's economy is a small one with favorable climate, good soils, and substantial hydropower potential. Economic development has been restrained in recent years by excessive government regulation of economic detail and 40% to 130% inflation. Although the GDP growth rate slowed in 1993 to 1.7%, following a healthy expansion to 7.5% in 1992, it rebounded in 1994 to an estimated 4%, spurred mostly by increasing agricultural and other exports and a surprise reversal of the downward trend in industrial production. In a major step toward regional economic cooperation, Uruguay confirmed its commitment to the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR) customs union by implementing MERCOSUR's common external tariff on most tradables on 1 January 1995. Inflation in 1994 declined for the third consecutive year, yet, at 44%, it remains the highest in the region; analysts predict that the expanding fiscal deficit and wage indexation will force the inflation rate back toward the 50% mark in 1995. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $23 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $7,200 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 44% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 9% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $2.9 billion expenditures: $3 billion, including capital expenditures of $388 million (1991 est.) Exports: $1.78 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: wool and textile manufactures, beef and other animal products, leather, rice partners: Brazil, Argentina, US, China, Italy Imports: $2.461 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, minerals, plastics partners: Brazil, Argentina, US, Nigeria External debt: $4.2 billion (1993) Industrial production: growth rate 3.9% (1992); accounts for 28% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 2,070,000 kW production: 9 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,575 kWh (1993) Industries: meat processing, wool and hides, sugar, textiles, footwear, leather apparel, tires, cement, petroleum refining, wine Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP; large areas devoted to livestock grazing; wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; fishing; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uruguay Economy Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $105 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $420 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $69 million Currency: 1 Uruguayan peso ($Ur) = 100 centesimos Exchange rates: Uruguayan pesos ($Ur) per US$1 - 5.6 (January 1995), 4.4710 (January 1994), 3.9484 (1993), 3.0270 (1992), 2.0188 (1991), 1.1710 (1990) note: on 1 March 1993 the former New Peso (N$Ur) was replaced as Uruguay's unit of currency by the Peso which is equal to 1,000 of the New Pesos Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uruguay Transportation Railroads: total: 3,000 km standard gauge: 3,000 km 1.435-m gauge Highways: total: 49,900 km paved: 6,700 km unpaved: gravel 3,000 km; earth 40,200 km Inland waterways: 1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft Ports: Fray Bentos, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este Merchant marine: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 71,405 GRT/110,939 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, container 1, oil tanker 1 Airports: total: 85 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8 with paved runways under 914 m: 54 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 14 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uruguay Communications Telephone system: 337,000 telephones; telephone density 10/100 persons; some modern facilities local: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo intercity: new nationwide microwave network international: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 99, FM 0, shortwave 9 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 26 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uruguay Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force, Grenadier Guards, Coracero Guard, Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 775,060; males fit for military service 629,385 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $216 million, 2.3% of GDP (1991 est.) URUGUAY - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 3 months. For additional information consult Embassy of Uruguay, 1918 F St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (202/331-1313-6) or nearest Consulate: CA (213/394-5777), FL (305/358-9350), IL (312/236-3366), LA (504/525-8354) or NY (212/753-8191/2). Uruguay - Consular Information Sheet September 2, 1994 Country Description: Uruguay is a medium-income nation with a developing economy. The quality of facilities for tourism varies according to price and area. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. U.S. citizens do not need a visa for a three-month stay. For current information concerning entry and customs requirements for Uruguay, travelers can contact the Uruguayan Embassy at 1918 F Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, tel: (202) 331-1313 or the nearest consulate in Los Angeles, Miami, Chicago, New Orleans, or New York. Medical Facilities: Facilities for medical care are limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proved to be useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers' hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Street crime, including pickpocketing, is on the increase. Persons carrying items of value in open display have been victimized by teenage muggers in the downtown area of Montevideo and near the old city and port. While criminals often have weapons at their disposal, to date foreigners have remained relatively free from assault. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to the local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad". It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Also available from the same address is the Department of State's publication, "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America." Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties in Uruguay for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In September 1993, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Uruguay's civil aviation authority as not in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Uruguay's carriers operating to and from the U.S. Typically, the same level of safety oversight is applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Embassy Location/Registration: Americans who register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Montevideo at Lauro Muller 1776, telephone: (598-2) 23-60-61, may obtain updated information on travel and security within Uruguay. No. 94-212 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated May 9, 1994 to add information on aviation oversight. 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" # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Dmnmc mLH/]L e9Dcc8 OOJ;; ?n Z ^Z^Z^Z Z?Z Z^Z^Z?Z Z ^Z^Z?Z Z?Z Z?Z Z^Z^Z ?Z Z^Z^Z?Z Z^Z^Z?Z Z ^Z^Z?Z Z^Z ^Z?Z Z^Z^Z ?Z Z^Z^Z?Z Z^Z^Z?Z Z ^Z^Z?Z Z^Z ^Z?Z Z^Z^Z ?Z Z^Z^Z?Z Z^Z^Z?Z Z ^Z^Z?Z Z^Z ^Z?Z Z^Z^Z ?Z Z^Z^Z?Z Z^Z^Z?Z Z T[ZEE sR%Z 8<0:O 866ZZ NNDTH A|WABA BABAA ABABABA AABABAB AABABAB ABABAB AABAB AABABAB AABABAB ABABAB AABAB AABAB 9--1- --11- 1-1-1 --1-1 Uzbekistan Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights UZBEKIST x8dot3 Russian language 7 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan Geography Location: Central Asia, north of Afghanistan Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States Area: total area: 447,400 sq km land area: 425,400 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than California Land boundaries: total 6,221 km, Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km Coastline: 0 km note: Uzbekistan borders the Aral Sea (420 km) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east Terrain: mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya and Sirdaryo Rivers; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum Land use: arable land: 10% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 47% forest and woodland: 0% other: 42% Irrigated land: 41,550 sq km (1990) Environment: current issues: drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salinization; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT natural hazards: NA international agreements: party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan Geography Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan People Population: 23,089,261 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (female 4,553,432; male 4,670,496) 15-64 years: 55% (female 6,400,578; male 6,384,862) 65 years and over: 5% (female 656,933; male 422,960) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.08% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 29.45 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.44 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 52 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.79 years male: 65.5 years female: 72.24 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.67 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Uzbek(s) adjective: Uzbek Ethnic divisions: Uzbek 71.4%, Russian 8.3%, Tajik 4.7%, Kazakh 4.1%, Tatar 2.4%, Karakalpak 2.1%, other 7% Religions: Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3% Languages: Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 97% male: 98% female: 96% Labor force: 8.234 million by occupation: agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35% (1992) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan conventional short form: Uzbekistan local long form: Uzbekiston Respublikasi local short form: none former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic Digraph: UZ Type: republic Capital: Tashkent (Toshkent) Administrative divisions: 12 wiloyatlar (singular - wiloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublikasi), and 1 city** (shahri); Andijon Wiloyati, Bukhoro Wiloyati, Jizzakh Wiloyati, Farghona Wiloyati, Qoraqalpoghiston* (Nukus), Qashqadaryo Wiloyati (Qarshi), Khorazm Wiloyati (Urganch), Namangan Wiloyati, Nawoiy Wiloyati, Samarqand Wiloyati, Sirdaryo Wiloyati (Guliston), Surkhondaryo Wiloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Wiloyati note: an administrative division has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) Independence: 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 1 September (1991) Constitution: new constitution adopted 8 December 1992 Legal system: evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Islam KARIMOV (since NA March 1990); election last held 29 December 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad SOLIKH 12%, other 2%; note - a 26 March 1995 referendum extended KARIMOV's term until 2000 (99.6% approval) head of government: Prime Minister Abdulhashim MUTALOV (since 13 January 1992), First Deputy Prime Minister Ismail DJURABEKOV (since NA); Deputy Prime Ministers Viktor CHIZHEN, Bakhtiyar HAMIDOV, Kayim KHAKKULOV, Yuriy PAYGIN, Saidmukhtar SAIDKASYMOV, Utkur SULTANOV, Mirabror USMANOV, Murat SHARIFKHOJAYEV (since NA) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers; appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly Legislative branch: unicameral THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan Government Supreme Council: elections last held 25 December 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (250 total) People's Democratic Party 207, Fatherland Progress Party 12, other 31; note - final runoffs were held 22 January 1995; seating was as follows: People's Democratic Party 69, Fatherland Progress Party 14, Social Democratic Party 47, local government 120 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: People's Democratic Party (PDP; formerly Communist Party), Islam A. KARIMOV, chairman; Fatherland Progress Party (FPP), Anwar YULDASHEV, chairman; Social Democratic Party, Anvar JORABAYEV, chairman; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party (EDP), Muhammad SOLIKH, chairman (in exile); note - EDP was banned 9 December 1992 Other political or pressure groups: Birlik (Unity) People's Movement (BPM), Abdul Rakhim PULATOV, chairman (in exile); Islamic Rebirth Party (IRP), Abdullah UTAYEV, chairman; Adolat-94 (formed by former Vice President Shukhrat MIRSAIDOV and Ibragim BURIEV note: PULATOV (BPM) is in exile in the West; UTAYEV (IRP) is either in prison or in exile Member of: AsDB, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Fatikh TESHABAYEV chancery: (temporary) Suites 619 and 623, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 638-4266, 4267 FAX: [1] (202) 638-4268 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Henry L. CLARKE embassy: 82 Chilanzarskaya, Tashkent mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [7] (3712) 77-14-07, 77-10-81 FAX: [7] (3712) 77-69-53 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a crescent moon and 12 stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan Economy Overview: Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 10% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. It is one of the poorest states of the former USSR with 60% of its population living in overpopulated rural communities. Nevertheless, Uzbekistan is the world's third largest cotton exporter, a major producer of gold and natural gas, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. Since independence, the government has sought to prop up the Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on prices and production. Such policies have buffered the economy from the sharp declines in output and high inflation experienced by many other former Soviet republics. They had become increasingly unsustainable, however, as inflation moves along at 14% per month and as Russia has forced the Uzbek government to introduce its own currency. Faced with mounting economic problems, the government has begun to move on a reform agenda and cooperate with international financial institutions, announced an acceleration of privatization, and stepped up efforts to attract foreign investors. Nevertheless, the regime is likely to find it difficult to sustain its drive for economic reform. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $54.5 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992) National product real growth rate: -4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,400 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 14% per month (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 0.3% includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers (December 1994) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $943.7 million to outside the FSU countries (1994) commodities: cotton, gold, natural gas, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products partners: Russia, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, US Imports: $1.15 billion from outside the FSU countries (1994) commodities: grain, machinery and parts, consumer durables, other foods partners: principally other FSU countries, Czech Republic External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate 1% (1994 est.) Electricity: capacity: 11,690,000 kW production: 47.5 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,130 kWh (1994) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan Economy Industries: textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas Agriculture: cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain, livestock Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication programs; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe Economic aid: recipient: the IMF has established a Systemic Transformation Facility of $74 million and the World Bank has made a rehabilitation loan of $160 million with other project loans pending; estimated annual external financing requirements for 1995-96 of $600 million to $700 million Currency: introduced provisional som-coupons 10 November 1993 which circulated parallel to the Russian rubles; became the sole legal currency 31 January 1994; was replaced in July 1994 by the som currency Exchange rates: soms per US$1 - 25 (yearend 1994) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan Transportation Railroads: total: 3,460 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines broad gauge: 3,460 km 1.520-m gauge (1990) Highways: total: 78,400 km paved and graveled: 67,000 km unpaved: earth 11,400 km (1990) Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 810 km (1992) Ports: Termiz Airports: total: 261 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 6 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 14 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8 with paved runways under 914 m: 5 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 216 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan Communications Telephone system: 1,458,000 telephones; 63 telephones/1,000 persons (1995); poorly developed local: NMT-450 analog cellular network established in Tashkent intercity: NA international: linked by landline or microwave with CIS member states and by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch to other countries; new INTELSAT links to Tokyo and Ankara give Uzbekistan international access independent of Russian facilities; Orbita and INTELSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Uzbekistan Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air and Air Defense, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard Manpower availability: males age 15-49 5,567,580; males fit for military service 4,537,455; males reach military age (18) annually 222,506 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP ;UZBEKISTAN - Passport and visa required. Apply Uzbekistan Consulate, 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 326, New York, NY 10017 (212/486-7570). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Uzbekistan ============================================================ Uzbekistan - Consular Information Sheet July 28, 1995 Country Description: Uzbekistan is a newly independent nation in the midst of profound political and economic change. Tourist facilities are not highly developed, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other countries are not yet available. Internal travel and travel to other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), including both air and land routes, can be erratic and disrupted by fuel shortages, overcrowding and other problems. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Private travel must be arranged through a travel agency which has a relationship with Uzbektourism or via an invitation from a private Uzbekistani citizen, business, or organization which requests visa issuance through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at least one month in advance. Visas are issued at Uzbekistani embassies and consulates abroad or, in countries where Uzbekistan does not have diplomatic representation, at Russian embassies and consulates. Visas also are issued upon arrival at Tashkent Airport, but only through the prior arrangement of the sponsoring Uzbekistani citizen or organization. The U.S. Embassy cannot act as a sponsor for private American travelers. Travelers with CIS visas are permitted entry to Uzbekistan for genuine transit only, with proof of onward transportation within 72 hours. Travelers without a proper visa cannot register in hotels and will be fined and required to leave the country immediately. Visas for U.S. citizens are valid for travel to all cities within Uzbekistan. Further visa information is available at the Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1511 K Street, NW, Suite 619, Washington, D.C. 20005; telephone (202) 638-4266. Registration Requirements: All travelers present in Uzbekistan for even one day must register with OVIR, the Office of Visas and Registration. Hotel guests are registered automatically, but all other travelers are responsible for registering themselves. Visitors without proper registration are subjected to fines and possible harassment by local authorities. Visitors are required to carry a medical certificate proving they are not HIV infected, but this requirement is only sporadically enforced. Medical Facilities: Medical care in Uzbekistan is below Western standards, with severe shortages of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics, and antibiotics. Most resident Americans travel to the West for their medical needs; such travel can be very expensive if undertaken under emergency conditions. Therefore, travelers may want to purchase supplemental overseas medical insurance which includes coverage for medical evacuations. Elderly travelers and those with existing health problems may be at particular risk due to inadequate medical facilities. Health Concerns: Diseases contracted by foreigners include salmonella, hepatitis A and B, typhoid, rabies and meningitis. Other food and waterborn diseases are common. Recommended vaccinations include basic DT, MMR, OPV/PV, gamma globulin, hepatitis, typhoid, rabies and meningitis. Travelers are advised to drink only boiled water and to peel all fruits and vegetables, and to avoid undercooked meat. Due to inappropriate sanitation conditions, travelers should avoid eating dairy products and most food sold in the streets. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, Telephone (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Uzbekistan has a low rate of violent crime, but common street crime has increased, especially at night. In urban areas, travelers are urged to take the same precautions against crime that they would take in a large American city. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the U.S. Embassy. The Department of State's phamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Additional information on the region can be found in the Department of State's brochure "Tips for Travelers to Russia." Both publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Most transactions are conducted on a cash-only, local currency (SOM) basis. Credit cards are accepted only at the main hotel in Tashkent; traveler's checks can be cashed only into SOM at the National Bank of Uzbekistan. Travelers may wish to bring plenty of dollars to exchange into SOM to cover their expenses. Old bills (prior to 1990)and those in poor condition (with tears, writing, or stamps) are not accepted. Although payment in U.S. dollars is required for certain hotel charges, plane tickets, and visa fees, other dollar transactions, as well as black market currency exchanges, are prohibited. General Standards of Conduct: Uzbekistan is an Islamic nation. Although modest Western-style clothing is appropriate in Tashkent, women should be prepared to dress conservatively in areas outside the capital. In rural areas, women in shorts, pants, short skirts, or sleeveless blouses risk harassment. Men do not wear shorts or sleeveless shirts in public. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Aviation Oversight: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in December 1994, the FAA has found the Government of Uzbekistan's Civil Aviation Authority to be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of Uzbekistani air carrier operations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Registration: Americans are encouraged to register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy to obtain updated information on travel and security within Uzbekistan. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Tashkent, Uzbekistan is located at Ulitsa Chilanzarskaya, 82 in Tashkent. The main Embassy telephone number is (7-3712) 77-14-07; the consular section's direct line is (7-3712) 77-22-31. No. 95-081 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 29, 1994, to add information on Country Description, Entry Requirements, Aviation Oversight, and to update currency data. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Uzbekistan ============================================================ Uzbekistan - Consular Information Sheet July 28, 1995 Country Description: Uzbekistan is a newly independent nation in the midst of profound political and economic change. Tourist facilities are not highly developed, and many of the goods and services taken for granted in other countries are not yet available. Internal travel and travel to other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), including both air and land routes, can be erratic and disrupted by fuel shortages, overcrowding and other problems. Entry Requirements: A passport and visa are required. Private travel must be arranged through a travel agency which has a relationship with Uzbektourism or via an invitation from a private Uzbekistani citizen, business, or organization which requests visa issuance through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at least one month in advance. Visas are issued at Uzbekistani embassies and consulates abroad or, in countries where Uzbekistan does not have diplomatic representation, at Russian embassies and consulates. Visas also are issued upon arrival at Tashkent Airport, but only through the prior arrangement of the sponsoring Uzbekistani citizen or organization. The U.S. Embassy cannot act as a sponsor for private American travelers. Travelers with CIS visas are permitted entry to Uzbekistan for genuine transit only, with proof of onward transportation within 72 hours. Travelers without a proper visa cannot register in hotels and will be fined and required to leave the country immediately. Visas for U.S. citizens are valid for travel to all cities within Uzbekistan. Further visa information is available at the Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1511 K Street, NW, Suite 619, Washington, D.C. 20005; telephone (202) 638-4266. Registration Requirements: All travelers present in Uzbekistan for even one day must register with OVIR, the Office of Visas and Registration. Hotel guests are registered automatically, but all other travelers are responsible for registering themselves. Visitors without proper registration are subjected to fines and possible harassment by local authorities. Visitors are required to carry a medical certificate proving they are not HIV infected, but this requirement is only sporadically enforced. Medical Facilities: Medical care in Uzbekistan is below Western standards, with severe shortages of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics, and antibiotics. Most resident Americans travel to the West for their medical needs; such travel can be very expensive if undertaken under emergency conditions. Therefore, travelers may want to purchase supplemental overseas medical insurance which includes coverage for medical evacuations. Elderly travelers and those with existing health problems may be at particular risk due to inadequate medical facilities. Health Concerns: Diseases contracted by foreigners include salmonella, hepatitis A and B, typhoid, rabies and meningitis. Other food and waterborn diseases are common. Recommended vaccinations include basic DT, MMR, OPV/PV, gamma globulin, hepatitis, typhoid, rabies and meningitis. Travelers are advised to drink only boiled water and to peel all fruits and vegetables, and to avoid undercooked meat. Due to inappropriate sanitation conditions, travelers should avoid eating dairy products and most food sold in the streets. Further information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers hotline, Telephone (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Uzbekistan has a low rate of violent crime, but common street crime has increased, especially at night. In urban areas, travelers are urged to take the same precautions against crime that they would take in a large American city. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police and to the U.S. Embassy. The Department of State's phamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad" provides useful information on safeguarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad. Additional information on the region can be found in the Department of State's brochure "Tips for Travelers to Russia." Both publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Currency Regulations: Most transactions are conducted on a cash-only, local currency (SOM) basis. Credit cards are accepted only at the main hotel in Tashkent; traveler's checks can be cashed only into SOM at the National Bank of Uzbekistan. Travelers may wish to bring plenty of dollars to exchange into SOM to cover their expenses. Old bills (prior to 1990)and those in poor condition (with tears, writing, or stamps) are not accepted. Although payment in U.S. dollars is required for certain hotel charges, plane tickets, and visa fees, other dollar transactions, as well as black market currency exchanges, are prohibited. General Standards of Conduct: Uzbekistan is an Islamic nation. Although modest Western-style clothing is appropriate in Tashkent, women should be prepared to dress conservatively in areas outside the capital. In rural areas, women in shorts, pants, short skirts, or sleeveless blouses risk harassment. Men do not wear shorts or sleeveless shirts in public. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Aviation Oversight: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in December 1994, the FAA has found the Government of Uzbekistan's Civil Aviation Authority to be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of Uzbekistani air carrier operations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1 (800) 322-7873. Registration: Americans are encouraged to register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy to obtain updated information on travel and security within Uzbekistan. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Tashkent, Uzbekistan is located at Ulitsa Chilanzarskaya, 82 in Tashkent. The main Embassy telephone number is (7-3712) 77-14-07; the consular section's direct line is (7-3712) 77-22-31. No. 95-081 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 29, 1994, to add information on Country Description, Entry Requirements, Aviation Oversight, and to update currency data. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 "mY:m ^33*%% 2mm2# ):EYE r^X3^r 33H;3*% YYmYmYmY ":mYmY"" Y::"2 mYmYmY YmmY2 _dutz luuwu{ uduuw uw|tu|t ":Y"): tt{uw| ldtuwtu uwwu{ tututu tuuw{| dztuu utuwu fudftef ftnSS\ Peu|uut |lw\SIJ JSPfww VuzSPJM IMOSPndVut r%HrH bSIMJJ SJPJIz9 ut _fPIM@M M@MM@@CVfR d_dd_ _zIPJk mEmY2YmY2 bIOS@ _eSPJO .]](] _luufWI ::EE:m eSPSII@Vu{ twugtwwtut Ym)YE wuwutuu wufS\Wfwt tneuu tu{uu w|uuzwuwuu ttueS\Seuw uuwtw tuuttutut ISttuw Wbnuuttuwu futuu POOIS\uttu ttuwtnPS S\nwuwz {unff |ttbI OMJPIbuw ttutfPPS nwutu PPJPSWtuud SPPSPSP\wu tbIPSft l_dd\C CSSCCPeat atdtt\IS Sbutu SI\tw PSPIStw| nSIPI tbIPSPSI nPSII )Ym::Y VIPCIC @_tteVVWIS PSPSPPI\u| w\II-9IIf |uPPSPJC@P PSPf\SISIS SPI\t{| I9IJI\w fWIPOIP SPPtuuz OPPI\tg nPPIOOP IWebeenutu utfPS IPPbn fPIIPPWt fPIPSIP {uutnP POIWtwuwu{ fttuaF I\tuut \II9CIIPbt |nPSPPIWe tuuwwnPII6 ?@IIPbezut {t{a > tn\PIPS\t tuutuutwtu tt\IP@9@@I SPPSbbfutt uuA > nbW\eutut{ tuwtut 96@9SPPIPP w{tudtaada {uun\ftn tWISMJ@IPM IOOPPIP\bn ttutt |unbWP Ietuttuwu| twuu\SJJOM OJOPSPSPSI SWnuuttl wuueSI ISPWnuutuu ttutuu{ut{ zuteSIIOPJ PPOPJIOPPS |tfSPOOPOS Sbuuwututw tteSIOSPPJ PMMIJPIIfw T>>F> I@@Vtutuww ut|{| ttbSII OOJJIPPbtn w{twu{| |ttePPIIO OMPSOI\t_ wuut|{{ |wueePIOJ POOSPug {wueSSPPII utePS C@CS_d |wnnut wwuddeR \SIOPPIOOP SP\u{uwtwt tfSPSSOOPJ PPJOSI\tuw ttuuw| uuwttbSIIP PIWnutwtu{ eSIPPOOIPO OPPSIWttu uut\IPOPOP OSOJSPPWnt wuwuutuwuu utunPSJ IPSSPIWttu tuttw EmYNE" 2YY:E wuunPPSPPS WISWett tuutww uutePS Wnuutw tuwul nWISOJPOPS tun\feutuw wutnwzwwft zuwut fpSSPJOJO IWftuwtb\P IP\bn w{tutuutu{ tu{uut l|f__ \@@SOO SIWetufWIP Weuwtuut ttututw IOPOP OPJSPS\u\P PJIOIPPeuu {utuw IP\SPOPPJO SWt{ttwwut tuuwtwwutu OOSPOSPPII PPIPOPPI\t ttwuwut +AM + ueIPPOPPS SSPOPPSPft uwwuwuu{wt wwttuu zueIIPOPPS PIPWWSIIPI \nuwuwtwut wwuww{wtuu uuttuw_ + 9+G ++#+Zn uubWI PSPOPIPS\W \WWnnuwutt {tuwututtu tuutw U +U9$ # 9MZ fPISJJIPIP ftuuttuu wuwuwttutu twwtutwtw ufWZR 9++ ++$ /+# +Z9J ||wbP {wutwuu|tu bZMM# 8$#+#+9# |ttbISPIPS Inuttuuwtu uwtuwuwwu{ uwuww{| ebZZ998 IIbut ttuwuttu{t w{w|{|{ M99+U#+ + A8+99Z zutbSPPWt tuuwu uuw{wwu{{| w|uuttuutw \eMM99tc/+ 9#A$#@99Mn uwtwu{ eentuutuww tuuwwtuwtu tuuwu efMMk 9J88pM9 tuwu{tuuw uZUM9 uwu{wu {|tuw MZe\b uutuwu{ {wuuw wt{utuuwtu uwuwutuuwu nfZZMUM wttuwu| __ftf| unutt wtu_f__a_u ttwuw_ ~o7&= E::EY)m fl__l __tuu| ~o7&= 2mYmYYm" ~o7&= |tuwuuw ~o7&= ~o7&= ;;%HH `Fq`> qFF`` KcKK8[c[cc hh[ch xc[[h+#H xvc[9 [K8K8KK8[c Uih[[K cvcvcc xvKhr iK/hKc xvc[v cKKc[[K xvK[KGc KGG[G[GK &!&!!& &!!&!!&!!& &!!&!!&!!& &!&&(.( <(.(.(& (1((.(&&.& &(&((&.((! &&.(&((&&. &&(&((&.(! 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moderated by southeast trade winds Terrain: mostly mountains of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains Natural resources: manganese, hardwood forests, fish Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 5% meadows and pastures: 2% forest and woodland: 1% other: 91% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: a majority of the population does not have access to a potable and reliable supply of water natural hazards: tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Vanuatu Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Vanuatu People Population: 173,648 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 41% (female 34,819; male 36,128) 15-64 years: 56% (female 47,320; male 50,456) 65 years and over: 3% (female 2,217; male 2,708) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.22% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 31.26 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9.06 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 66.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 59.71 years male: 57.9 years female: 61.61 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.14 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural) adjective: Ni-Vanuatu Ethnic divisions: indigenous Melanesian 94%, French 4%, Vietnamese, Chinese, Pacific Islanders Religions: Presbyterian 36.7%, Anglican 15%, Catholic 15%, indigenous beliefs 7.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.2%, Church of Christ 3.8%, other 15.7% Languages: English (official), French (official), pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1979) total population: 53% male: 57% female: 48% Labor force: NA by occupation: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Vanuatu Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu conventional short form: Vanuatu former: New Hebrides Digraph: NH Type: republic Capital: Port-Vila Administrative divisions: 6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba Independence: 30 July 1980 (from France and UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 30 July (1980) Constitution: 30 July 1980 Legal system: unified system being created from former dual French and British systems Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Maxime CARLOT Korman (since 16 December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister Sethy REGENVANU (since 17 December 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament: elections last held 2 December 1991 (next to be held NA November 1995); note - after election, a coalition was formed by the Union of Moderate Parties and the National United Party to form a new government on 16 December 1991, but political party associations are fluid; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total) UMP 19, NUP 10, VP 10, MPP 4, TUP 1, Nagriamel 1, Friend 1 note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of custom and land Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Vanuatu Party (VP), Donald KALPOKAS; Union of Moderate Parties (UMP), Maxime CARLOT Korman; Melanesian Progressive Party (MPP), Barak SOPE; National United Party (NUP), Walter LINI; Tan Union Party (TUP), Vincent BOULEKONE; Nagriamel Party, Jimmy STEVENS; Friend Melanesian Party, leader NA; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Sethy REGENVANU note: the VP, MPP, TUP, and Nagriamel Party have formed a coalition called the United Front (UF) heading into the November 1995 elections THE WORLD FACTBOOK Vanuatu Government Member of: ACCT, ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, NAM, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: Vanuatu does not have a mission in the US US diplomatic representation: the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele leaves, all in yellow THE WORLD FACTBOOK Vanuatu Economy Overview: The economy is based primarily on subsistence farming which provides a living for about 80% of the population. Fishing and tourism are the other mainstays of the economy, with 43,000 visitors in 1992. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $200 million (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $1,200 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.3% (1992 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $90 million expenditures: $103 million, including capital expenditures of $45 million (1989 est.) Exports: $14.9 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: copra, beef, cocoa, timber, coffee partners: Netherlands, Japan, France, New Caledonia, Belgium Imports: $74 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: machines and vehicles, food and beverages, basic manufactures, raw materials and fuels, chemicals partners: Australia 36%, Japan 13%, NZ 10%, France 8%, Fiji 8% External debt: $40 million (yearend 1992) Industrial production: growth rate 8.1% (1990); accounts for about 10% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 17,000 kW production: 30 million kWh consumption per capita: 181 kWh (1993) Industries: food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning Agriculture: export crops - coconuts, cocoa, coffee, fish; subsistence crops - taro, yams, coconuts, fruits, vegetables Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $606 million Currency: 1 vatu (VT) = 100 centimes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Vanuatu Economy Exchange rates: vatu (VT) per US$1 - 112.42 (December 1994), 116.41 (1994), 121.58 (1993), 113.39 (1992), 111.68 (1991), 116.57 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Vanuatu Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 1,027 km paved: 240 km unpaved: 787 km Ports: Forari, Port-Vila, Santo (Espiritu Santo) Merchant marine: total: 116 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,874,698 GRT/2,758,783 DWT ships by type: bulk 52, cargo 18, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 1, container 4, liquefied gas tanker 5, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 17, vehicle carrier 10 note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 21 countries among which are ships of the US 117, Japan 39, Netherlands 12, China 11, UAE 6, Greece 6, Canada 6, Hong Kong 4, Russia 2, Australia 2 Airports: total: 31 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 17 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 11 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Vanuatu Communications Telephone system: 3,000 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Vanuatu Defense Forces Branches: no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF; includes the paramilitary Vanuatu Mobile Force or VMF) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP VANUATU - Passport and onward/return ticket required. Visa not required for stay up to 30 days. For further information consult the British Embassy (202/986-0205). Vanuatu - Consular Information Sheet July 9, 1993 Country Description: Vanuatu consists of 80 islands located in a Y-shaped archipelago, 1300 miles northeast of Sydney, Australia. It is an independent parliamentary democracy and member of the British Commonwealth, with a primarily agricultural economy. The capital is Port Vila, located on the island of Efate. Entry Requirements: A passport and an onward/return ticket is required. Visas are not required for stays of up to 30 days. For further information, travelers may consult the British Embassy at 3100 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, telephone (202) 462-1340 or British consulates in Los Angeles, Atlanta, Chicago, Boston, New York, Cleveland and Houston. Medical facilities: Medical facilities and services are adequate, but limited. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proved useful. Additional information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at (404) 332-4559. Information on crime: Major crime is rare in Vanuatu. Petty crimes against property are fairly common. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police, and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet "A Safe Trip Abroad." It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Registration: Americans who register at the U.S. Embassy at Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea, or with the U.S. Consul in Honiara, Solomon Islands, may obtain updated information on travel and security in the area. Embassy Location: Because there is no U.S. embassy or other diplomatic post in Vanuatu, Americans seeking assistance may contact the U.S. Embassy in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, which is located on Armit Street. There is also a U.S. Consul resident in Honiara, Solomon Islands. The mailing address is c/o American Embassy, P.O. Box 561, Honiara, Solomon Islands, tel. (677) 23-890. No. 93-196 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet issued on November 13, 1992 to include information on reporting the loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport. 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A? ?E E^ Venezuela Map Button Image 8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela Geography Location: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana Map references: South America Area: total area: 912,050 sq km land area: 882,050 sq km comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of California Land boundaries: total 4,993 km, Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km Coastline: 2,800 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 15 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claims all of Guyana west of the Essequibo River; maritime boundary dispute with Colombia in the Gulf of Venezuela Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands Terrain: Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 39% other: 37% Irrigated land: 2,640 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast natural hazards: subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping Note: on major sea and air routes linking North and South America THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela People Population: 21,004,773 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 35% (female 3,650,705; male 3,795,032) 15-64 years: 60% (female 6,350,466; male 6,313,887) 65 years and over: 5% (female 486,020; male 408,663) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.1% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 25.11 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 4.57 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 26.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.31 years male: 70.48 years female: 76.29 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.97 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Venezuelan(s) adjective: Venezuelan Ethnic divisions: mestizo 67%, white 21%, black 10%, Amerindian 2% Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2% Languages: Spanish (official), native dialects spoken by about 200,000 Amerindians in the remote interior Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 90% male: 91% female: 89% Labor force: 7.6 million by occupation: services 63%, industry 25%, agriculture 12% (1993) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Venezuela conventional short form: Venezuela local long form: Republica de Venezuela local short form: Venezuela Digraph: VE Type: republic Capital: Caracas Administrative divisions: 21 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 territory* (territorio), 1 federal district** (distrito federal), and 1 federal dependency*** (dependencia federal); Amazonas*, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales***, Distrito Federal**, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia note: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands Independence: 5 July 1811 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 5 July (1811) Constitution: 23 January 1961 Legal system: based on Napoleonic code; judicial review of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Rafael CALDERA Rodriguez (since 2 February 1994); election last held 5 December 1993 (next to be held NA December 1998); results - Rafael CALDERA (National Convergence) 30.45%, Claudio FERMIN (AD) 23.59%, Oswaldo ALVAREZ PAZ (COPEI) 22.72%, Andres VELASQUEZ (Causa R) 21.94%, other 1.3% cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: bicameral Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la Republica) Senate (Senado): elections last held 5 December 1993 (next to be held NA December 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (53 total) AD 18, COPEI 15, Causa R 9, MAS 5, National Convergence 6; note - 3 former presidents (2 from AD, 1 from COPEI) hold lifetime senate seats Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados): elections last held 5 December 1993 (next to be held NA December 1998); results - AD 27.9%, COPEI 26.9%, MAS 12.4%, National Convergence 12.9%, Causa R 19.9%; seats - (203 total) AD 55, COPEI 53, MAS 24, National Convergence 26, Causa R 40, other 5 Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia) Roberto YEPES, President THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela Government Political parties and leaders: National Convergence (Convergencia), Jose Miguel UZCATEGUI, president, Juan Jose CALDERA, national coordinator; Social Christian Party (COPEI), Luis HERRERA Campins, president, and Donald RAMIREZ, secretary general; Democratic Action (AD), Pedro PARIS Montesinos, president, and Luis ALFARO Ucero, secretary general; Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), Gustavo MARQUEZ, president, and Enrique OCHOA Antich, secretary general; Radical Cause (La Causa R), Pablo MEDINA, secretary general Other political or pressure groups: FEDECAMARAS, a conservative business group; Venezuelan Confederation of Workers (CTV, labor organization dominated by the Democratic Action); VECINOS groups Member of: AG, BCIE, CARICOM (observer), CDB, CG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, OPEC, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Pedro Luis ECHEVERRIA chancery: 1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2214 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico) US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Jeffrey DAVIDOW embassy: Avenida Francisco de Miranda and Avenida Principal de la Floresta, Caracas mailing address: P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037 telephone: [58] (2) 285-2222, 3111 FAX: [58] (2) 285-0366 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of seven white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela Economy Overview: Despite efforts to broaden the base of the economy, petroleum continues to play a dominant role. In 1994, as GDP declined 3.3%, the oil sector - which accounts for 24% of the total - enjoyed a 6% expansion, provided 45% of the budget revenues, and generated 70% of the export earnings. President CALDERA, who assumed office in February 1994, has used an interventionist, reactive approach to managing the economy, instituting price and foreign exchange controls in mid-year to slow inflation and stop the loss of foreign exchange reserves. The government claims it will remove these controls once inflationary pressures abate, but the $8 billion bailout of the banking sector in 1994 has made it difficult for the government to make good on its promise. Economic controls, coupled with political uncertainty driven by recurrent coup rumors, continue to deter foreign and domestic investment; private forecasters see the recession persisting for a third year in 1995. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $178.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -3.3% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $8,670 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 71% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 9% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $10.3 billion expenditures: $14.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $103 million (1994 est.) Exports: $15.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: petroleum 72%, bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures partners: US and Puerto Rico 55%, Japan, Netherlands, Italy Imports: $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials partners: US 40%, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Canada External debt: $40.1 billion (1994) Industrial production: growth rate -1.4% (1993 est.); accounts for 41% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 18,740,000 kW production: 72 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,311 kWh (1993) Industries: petroleum, iron-ore mining, construction materials, food processing, textiles, steel, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela Economy Agriculture: accounts for 6% of GDP; products - corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee, beef, pork, milk, eggs, fish; not self-sufficient in food other than meat Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis, opium, and coca leaf for the international drug trade on a small scale; however, large quantities of cocaine and heroin transit the country from Colombia; important money-laundering hub Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-86), $488 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $10 million Currency: 1 bolivar (Bs) = 100 centimos Exchange rates: bolivares (Bs) per US$1 - 169.570 (January 1995), 148.503 (1994), 90.826 (1993), 68.38 (1992), 56.82 (1991), 46.90 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela Transportation Railroads: total: 542 km (363 km single track; 179 km privately owned) standard gauge: 542 km 1.435-m gauge Highways: total: 81,000 km paved: 31,200 km unpaved: gravel 24,800 km; earth and unimproved earth 25,000 km Inland waterways: 7,100 km; Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels Pipelines: crude oil 6,370 km; petroleum products 480 km; natural gas 4,010 km Ports: Amuay, Bajo Grande, El Tablazo, La Guaira, La Salina, Maracaibo, Matanzas, Palua, Puerto Cabello, Puerto la Cruz, Puerto Ordaz, Puerto Sucre, Punta Cardon Merchant marine: total: 39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 686,811 GRT/1,110,829 DWT ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 11, combination bulk 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 15, passenger-cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4, short-sea passenger 1 Airports: total: 431 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 4 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 34 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 65 with paved runways under 914 m: 191 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 12 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 114 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela Communications Telephone system: 1,440,000 telephones; modern and expanding local: NA intercity: 3 domestic satellite earth stations international: 3 submarine coaxial cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 181, FM 0, shortwave 26 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 59 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Venezuela Defense Forces Branches: National Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales or FAN) includes Ground Forces or Army (Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito), Naval Forces (Fuerzas Navales or Armada), Air Force (Fuerzas Aereas or Aviacion), Armed Forces of Cooperation or National Guard (Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperation or Guardia Nacional) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 5,491,524; males fit for military service 3,981,190; males reach military age (18) annually 227,292 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.95 billion, 4% of GDP (1991) IVENEZUELA - Passport and tourist card required. Tourist card can be obtained from airlines serving Venezuela, no charge, valid 60 days, cannot be extended. Multiple-entry visa valid up to 1 year, extendable, available from any Venezuelan Consulate, requires $30 fee (money order or company check), 1 application form, 1 photo, onward/return ticket, proof of sufficient funds and certification of employment. For business visa, need letter from company stating purpose of trip, responsibility for traveler, name and address of companies to be visited in Venezuela and $60 fee. All travelers must pay departure tax ($12) at airport. Business travelers must present a Declaration of Income Tax in the Ministerio de Hacienda (Treasury Department). For additional information contact the Consular Section of the Embassy of Venezuela, 1099 30th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20007 (202/342-2214) or the nearest Consulate: CA (415/512-8340), FL (305/577-3834), IL (312/236-9655), LA (504/522-3284), MA (617/266-9355), NY (212/826-1660), PR (809/766-4250) or TX (713/961-5141). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Venezuela ============================================================ Venezuela - Consular Information Sheet November 22, 1995 Country Description: Venezuela is a middle-income country with a well-developed transportation infrastructure. Scheduled air service and good all-weather roads, some poorly marked and congested around urban centers, connect major cities and all regions of the country. Its tourism infrastructure varies in quality according to location and price. Entry requirements: A valid passport and a visa or tourist card are required. Tourist cards are issued on flights from the U.S. to Venezuela. For current information concerning entry, tax, and customs requirements for Venezuela, contact the Venezuelan Embassy at 1099 30th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007; tel: (202) 342-2214, or the consulates in New York, Miami, Chicago, New Orleans, Boston, Houston, San Francisco, and San Juan. Areas of Instability: Cross-border violence occurs frequently in remote areas along the Colombian border in Zulia, Tachira, Apure and Amazonas states. U.S. citizens should consult the U.S. Embassy if they plan to visit these areas. There have been no recent terrorist actions against visitors. In July 1995, however, the U.S. Embassy received information indicating that U.S. citizens in the region bordering Colombia may be targets for kidnapping by Colombian guerrillas. Health and Medical facilities: Medical care in Caracas is very good at private hospitals and clinics. Cash payment is usually demanded. Most hospitals and clinics, however, accept credit cards. In rural areas outside Caracas, physicians and medical supplies may be minimal. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Medicare/Medicaid do not provide payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers' hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Most crime is economically motivated. Pickpockets concentrate in and around crowded bus and subway stations, along with the area around "Parque Simon Bolivar" near the "Capitolio" in downtown Caracas. There have been cases of theft from hotel safe deposit boxes. The "Barrios" (the poor neighborhoods that cover the hills around Caracas) and isolated urban parks such as "El Calvario" in the "El Silencio" area of Caracas can be very dangerous. Most criminals are armed with guns or knives, and will use force. There is potential for theft of unattended valuables on the beach, and from rental cars parked in isolated areas or on city streets. A guarded garage is not always a guarantee against theft. Highway Travel: Outside the major cities, night driving can be dangerous because of unmarked road damage or repairs in progress, unlighted vehicles, and livestock. Stops at national guard and local police checkpoints ("Alcabalas") are mandatory. Drivers should follow all national guard instructions and be prepared to show vehicle and insurance papers and passports. Vehicles may be searched. Very economical but less safe bus service is available to most locations. Currency Restrictions: In July 1994, currency restrictions were imposed. Foreign exchange transactions must take place through commercial banks and exchange houses at the official rate. There are limits on the amount of local currency that can be exchanged for dollars when leaving the country. Credit cards are accepted at most upscale tourist establishments. Outside the major cities, a good supply of Venezuelan currency is necessary. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs in Venezuela are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Prison conditions are abject. Other Information: Sporadic political demonstrations occur in urban centers. These tend to focus primarily on or near university campuses or secondary schools, and sometimes turn violent. Most tourist destinations, however, remain unaffected. The number and intensity of demonstrations have fluctuated widely. Merida, a major tourist destination in the Andes, is traditionally the scene of regular student demonstrations. Travelers may keep informed of local developments by following the local press (including "The Daily Journal," an English language newspaper), radio and TV, and consulting their local hosts, including U.S. and Venezuelan business contacts, hotels, tour guides, and travel organizers for current information on demonstrations, the purpose and location of which are usually announced in advance. U.S. citizens visiting certain areas along the border with Colombia may be subject to search and seizure, as well as restrictions as to where they may travel in those areas, due to the suspension of several constitutional guarantees in order to permit the military to act expeditiously against potential cross-border guerrilla incursions. Constitutional guarantees have been restored in other parts of the country, however. For further information regarding travel to these areas, contact the U.S. Embassy in Caracas. A number of U.S. citizens have reported that Venezuelan officials at airports, immigration offices, and police stations have demanded bribes. U.S. citizens should report immediately to the U.S. Embassy any such demand. U.S. citizens who do not have Venezuelan cedulas (national identity cards) must carry their passports with them at all times. Photocopies of passports prove valuable in facilitating their replacement if lost or stolen. Information on Venezuelan adoption procedures and the U.S. immigrant visa application process is available from the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy, or the Office of Children's Issues, CA/OCS/CI, Room 4811, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, (202) 647-2688. Civil Aviation Oversight: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in May 1995, the FAA has found the government of Venezuela's Civil Aviation Authority not to be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of Venezuelan air carrier operations. While consultations to correct the deficiencies are ongoing, Venezuelan air carriers are permitted to conduct operations to the U.S. subject to heightened FAA surveillance. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens may register at the consular section of the U.S. Embassy in Caracas, and may also obtain updated information on travel and security within Venezuela. The U.S. Embassy is located at Calle Suspure and Calle F, Colinas de Valle Arriba, tel. (58-2) 977-2011. A part-time Consular Agent has been approved for western Venezuela to replace services lost when the Consulate in Maracaibo was closed in February 1994. The U.S. Embassy anticipates that the Consular Agent will begin providing services during the first quarter of calendar year 1996. No. 95-149 This replaces the consular information sheet dated September 2, 1994 to update information on aviation oversight, crime, areas of instability, health and medical facilities, currency restrictions, and the location of the U.S. Embassy. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Venezuela ============================================================ Venezuela - Public Announcement May 12, 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The U. S. Embassy in Caracas issued a notice informing U.S. citizens that there are demonstrations and some looting in various sections of Caracas. U.S. citizens should avoid known trouble spots such as the University and "Centro" areas. Travelers should be alert to their surroundings and turn around and go the other way if they see a demonstration forming or in progress. It is anticipated that these demonstrations will continue. Travelers may contact the U.S. Embassy in Caracas for up-to-date information. No. 94-vvv ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Venezuela ============================================================ Venezuela - Consular Information Sheet November 22, 1995 Country Description: Venezuela is a middle-income country with a well-developed transportation infrastructure. Scheduled air service and good all-weather roads, some poorly marked and congested around urban centers, connect major cities and all regions of the country. Its tourism infrastructure varies in quality according to location and price. Entry requirements: A valid passport and a visa or tourist card are required. Tourist cards are issued on flights from the U.S. to Venezuela. For current information concerning entry, tax, and customs requirements for Venezuela, contact the Venezuelan Embassy at 1099 30th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007; tel: (202) 342-2214, or the consulates in New York, Miami, Chicago, New Orleans, Boston, Houston, San Francisco, and San Juan. Areas of Instability: Cross-border violence occurs frequently in remote areas along the Colombian border in Zulia, Tachira, Apure and Amazonas states. U.S. citizens should consult the U.S. Embassy if they plan to visit these areas. There have been no recent terrorist actions against visitors. In July 1995, however, the U.S. Embassy received information indicating that U.S. citizens in the region bordering Colombia may be targets for kidnapping by Colombian guerrillas. Health and Medical facilities: Medical care in Caracas is very good at private hospitals and clinics. Cash payment is usually demanded. Most hospitals and clinics, however, accept credit cards. In rural areas outside Caracas, physicians and medical supplies may be minimal. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Medicare/Medicaid do not provide payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. For additional health information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's international travelers' hotline at (404) 332-4559. Crime Information: Most crime is economically motivated. Pickpockets concentrate in and around crowded bus and subway stations, along with the area around "Parque Simon Bolivar" near the "Capitolio" in downtown Caracas. There have been cases of theft from hotel safe deposit boxes. The "Barrios" (the poor neighborhoods that cover the hills around Caracas) and isolated urban parks such as "El Calvario" in the "El Silencio" area of Caracas can be very dangerous. Most criminals are armed with guns or knives, and will use force. There is potential for theft of unattended valuables on the beach, and from rental cars parked in isolated areas or on city streets. A guarded garage is not always a guarantee against theft. Highway Travel: Outside the major cities, night driving can be dangerous because of unmarked road damage or repairs in progress, unlighted vehicles, and livestock. Stops at national guard and local police checkpoints ("Alcabalas") are mandatory. Drivers should follow all national guard instructions and be prepared to show vehicle and insurance papers and passports. Vehicles may be searched. Very economical but less safe bus service is available to most locations. Currency Restrictions: In July 1994, currency restrictions were imposed. Foreign exchange transactions must take place through commercial banks and exchange houses at the official rate. There are limits on the amount of local currency that can be exchanged for dollars when leaving the country. Credit cards are accepted at most upscale tourist establishments. Outside the major cities, a good supply of Venezuelan currency is necessary. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use and trafficking in illegal drugs in Venezuela are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and fines. Prison conditions are abject. Other Information: Sporadic political demonstrations occur in urban centers. These tend to focus primarily on or near university campuses or secondary schools, and sometimes turn violent. Most tourist destinations, however, remain unaffected. The number and intensity of demonstrations have fluctuated widely. Merida, a major tourist destination in the Andes, is traditionally the scene of regular student demonstrations. Travelers may keep informed of local developments by following the local press (including "The Daily Journal," an English language newspaper), radio and TV, and consulting their local hosts, including U.S. and Venezuelan business contacts, hotels, tour guides, and travel organizers for current information on demonstrations, the purpose and location of which are usually announced in advance. U.S. citizens visiting certain areas along the border with Colombia may be subject to search and seizure, as well as restrictions as to where they may travel in those areas, due to the suspension of several constitutional guarantees in order to permit the military to act expeditiously against potential cross-border guerrilla incursions. Constitutional guarantees have been restored in other parts of the country, however. For further information regarding travel to these areas, contact the U.S. Embassy in Caracas. A number of U.S. citizens have reported that Venezuelan officials at airports, immigration offices, and police stations have demanded bribes. U.S. citizens should report immediately to the U.S. Embassy any such demand. U.S. citizens who do not have Venezuelan cedulas (national identity cards) must carry their passports with them at all times. Photocopies of passports prove valuable in facilitating their replacement if lost or stolen. Information on Venezuelan adoption procedures and the U.S. immigrant visa application process is available from the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy, or the Office of Children's Issues, CA/OCS/CI, Room 4811, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520, (202) 647-2688. Civil Aviation Oversight: As a result of an assessment conducted by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in May 1995, the FAA has found the government of Venezuela's Civil Aviation Authority not to be in compliance with international aviation safety standards for oversight of Venezuelan air carrier operations. While consultations to correct the deficiencies are ongoing, Venezuelan air carriers are permitted to conduct operations to the U.S. subject to heightened FAA surveillance. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens may register at the consular section of the U.S. Embassy in Caracas, and may also obtain updated information on travel and security within Venezuela. The U.S. Embassy is located at Calle Suspure and Calle F, Colinas de Valle Arriba, tel. (58-2) 977-2011. A part-time Consular Agent has been approved for western Venezuela to replace services lost when the Consulate in Maracaibo was closed in February 1994. The U.S. Embassy anticipates that the Consular Agent will begin providing services during the first quarter of calendar year 1996. No. 95-149 This replaces the consular information sheet dated September 2, 1994 to update information on aviation oversight, crime, areas of instability, health and medical facilities, currency restrictions, and the location of the U.S. Embassy. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 language Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights VENEZUEL Spanish (Latin American) NN44XX? ,??N E NF4?& sNNXNX4 X ,N4 ?XX&N &??FX FNNFN N4s?N ?XNFsN c& &N ,c 44N NX??N sNs?X }uygu sNsNsXXN ??&,s uZP{| F&F !u_d_ _dd_d oP|l_wv ?& F , csNc?c ,&N&4 ,N& N ")%)%) %)%)%)%)\/ %)%)%)%)%) %)%)%))" \ii\i\\D\i I44?4?qq T`u__ !AM9T* *Z*91 11z:6= M*`99*A*P Al9!I'b66[ GGOGO GOOHG !A1911L91L :6=TTz qHq4I OO<68Bb ]6=TZ ?~6VH qII1A bb[t'1L'* HQ< e66Ce KCCKC; ;K6Wj;66Cj <;C6;C6;Kj C6;K6;C BH<6^ ~dqqeGV e~<6VN B~nI+ K6WWCW KjjWC jjWW-6 ;rcN] ^Jr6j ^66KjK 6 VH]?I 6 ))%%)%)%" %"%%)" %)""%%""% D\/%"i D%ii/ i"/iDD %ii"/ii\i %/iD%"\i% KWCjj W6WK6W :%)%)%)%)% %)%))%)%)% )%)%)%)%)% )%)%)%)%)% )%)%)%)% %)%)%)%)%) %)%)%)%)%) %)%): 3RREE ::__: 22 @6O@2 _\!iG/: GAAGP S*4SBS%4* Naxi22)Y A::XC \)$2 O )@)$I$ _j:j2 Offp\O $f\$1 6I@)$ PA_GLP _LPAjjXGG : 6Kmmamm ammammK jAALLG:L @$@2 I2 $2 G|:GY \{OOII 2$I2I @II62OI 6 e&/0(0( 0(0(00(HH( (0(0(0(0(0 (0(0(0(0 Ue""&"&"&" &"&&"HZ 'e'8e" &"&"&"&"&" &"&""0 eelZZe lZleZ L?ri@ S*BBu ggSBgg A:j:Ajjr_j )I6< AG::A )\)iP O)\2; |rA!: GAP1: 7j::XO APA*: LjA*: :PLPG_XL AA:AA:AA guBBuB rAjPj |L_XP LjoC: ajW?: 2_::_ Xsoi!! g4*B4 DD44uSBSS @$$ @IIO\ A:AA : |::A_ LG:GL _A_PA :GzQ2 "(0"l R ;f|8A f3oo; mRV>R jRRlmRR wRVAR VXR[]KY[IR VV[RR[VVRR R[[CR V[YKMXROOK KX[ER __VRRVVRR[ RRV_[ VKeYK[RTKJ KKXQXVRVRV QY][VVKV OKLMg KJYKYJKY[ qRU[R cZOKLKr {l_j[mkRKQ ORR[R VRR[R V]V_V [YJTQMV _VR_R_[_ V_V`__VER [UURR_` VVX][X]VV#R VKIMRKMRKJ QY[ R jRV@R cTKXTK[VV TMRMX jwVER V`_R[[`R V[XIR VU^UZU^ZZU VZZV^VZU R [RRVRmlR_l eRrlRljRVr _RRrgw _YXRRXR ^UR^a^ RRZaVU R ~pIK]X VQLOz wRV:R UKQQTXKQVZ mKTMY[ V]QRw QOOQc TKKMemm[RR KXRZR V]QJJ M]VRx gacxccx rRV9R YTRUU xR^^U^V kRV$R RYRglRxcc cmclUV R VVRR`R V_RR[[IR _`RR`cc[V` VccV_cc[_c VKYKO VW]WN[ _^RKLc RVR[^R RxmcU R[RlcUU VV[_`Oc Tgcam X]XKQ^ U^UU R `[RR[R ~mKV R wOLQ[_[ V_[V[VV[[V gRV^R NX_Rc rRc[[ R[[ZR [VRVRm rrwrw R_VV_RV[R mxlRRalcca RRccU R UURR^Z VZRUVU R gIYY[R ROXVTR wzTQ[ RR[`R cwMQVnR wRVRgcRV rcR[R V_[[_R mK][lR gRKKX[[ VRRV_VRV_V [[R_V OT]KKRROJT MLY["R VRV[[V MQKTRVW]RV XKX]VVXV>R OJ]RV][[RR [XRXVVXJR VVX]XK]]VWR `OTTR cgRRg_RRgc XYVV][kR VVRR_VRR[[ _RR[V[_qR XKXgR VVX]KJj]gR [YKKTMR VVRRMJXVhR VQX]]VVjR V[RR[RV[[V RV[VV9R V_R`_R[ _[RVV9R rclrjm`8R RgrrR mjcjl[8R rRV3R rRV3R RR`[[__[c[ [_`_6R cgjmHl 'bFRN 17;FRQ 41181183G 8811<8118< 18<18 8;8188;88. 1<769FRQ 8<483GffAf @33@ofof<< oo7@ff@1fA ;+AoAA1;A| f.479FRQ .69FRQ ;4433 )8916 )<9FRQ @3433 .843A .69FRQ ;4434 .843@ o1479FRQ <343< .843@ +69FRQ 6343< A3443A f179FRQ ;349. |.)..)18)+ 1.)1))43 .8.+) 43+).%)434 +1..1 379FRQ 8381G +@<8<43 18;8<< 4343A 8<83@ 43<<8<<334 );884 379FRQ A7AA0 600 6 393399339; 7;FRQ [V[R[RVV[V _[R[_V__[_ [RV[_[_[[_ VRRV_V[_V_ VRRVRR[R[V [RRV[[RRer errRVR RlmrwrzR lRV[V `RRrgRR VRmjRVRR[V RjmRVRR[R _VV_[V_`[_ _V_V[[_V_R V_V_[V[RRV _V_V[R ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Wake Island Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights WAKE_ISL x8dot3 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wake Island Header Affiliation: (territory of the US) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wake Island Geography Location: Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to the Northern Mariana Islands Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 6.5 sq km land area: 6.5 sq km comparative area: about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 19.3 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claimed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands Climate: tropical Terrain: atoll of three coral islands built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim; average elevation less than 4 meters Natural resources: none Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: occasional typhoons international agreements: NA Note: strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; emergency landing location for transpacific flights THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wake Island People Population: 302 (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0% (1995 est.) Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wake Island Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Wake Island Digraph: WQ Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Army and Strategic Defense Command since 1 October 1994 Capital: none; administered from Washington, DC Independence: none (territory of the US) Flag: the US flag is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wake Island Economy Overview: Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported. Electricity: supplied by US military THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wake Island Transportation Railroads: 0 km Ports: none; two offshore anchorages for large ships Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 Note: formerly an important commercial aviation base, now used by US military, some commercial cargo planes, as well as the US Army Space and Strategic Defense Command for missile launches THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wake Island Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; satellite communications; 1 Autovon circuit off the Overseas Telephone System (OTS) local: NA intercity: NA international: NA note: Armed Forces Radio/Television Service (AFRTS) radio and television service provided by satellite Radio: broadcast stations: AM 0, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA note: Armed Forces Radio/Television Service (AFRTS) radio and television service provided by satellite Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA note: Armed Forces Radio/Television Service (AFRTS) radio and television service provided by satellite Note: formerly an important commercial aviation base, now used by US military, as well as the US Army Space and Strategic Defense Command for missile launches THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wake Island Defense Forces defense is the responsibility of the US Map Button Image Show Map HJ_q( vxTzJ TTM>J vGSvJ TMJJSS=J F}EStJ dJSJ F}ESMJ SSJJK ~a~lPl F}ESGJ MJSTSMJS F}ESDJ MWVMM `JM?J F}ESBJ MVSJS^Ss F}ES=J MMJSTSJ` qf(qf F}ES:J SVVSSVMJ^ F}ES9J TTJM^dKm uJS?J OJJDJ F}ES4J SSTVWJs F}ES1J F}ES/J F}ES.J pJM@J F}ES+J sJS@J F}ES*J SSMJu xg|kJMSJ }ES)J gJJMMJM SVW^VJJ F}ES(J JJSVSMSM MJJMTS Ff2w@X f9F99 @}ES'J sJMJJ @}ES%J F}ES#J qzGS"J SSJWgV pJS J gJSMJJVJ gJTSMTSJS KWJJM [JM J ^JM'J eJM@J n4c#c<%) ' }[mgk*J JVMJMSJS+J eJMAJ MSJSWSMSMM)J JZM3J gJV4J MVMJe gJT5J eJMDJ eJM5J eJM5J JSTS8J JWJMTM5J SJJMMSJSSM ^JMJJ SZ[`Je[JJT gVJ^^ZJMJ` sJS!J uJS!J `JMdMM SMMJJSMMJ JMSMM SMJVTM MJMJJ JJMJJSM MJp`JJSS `JM5J [JMJJ sJSJJ zSMM#J SSVTJS mJSJJ SMJJSM!J MSJTSJJSVJ MMJTJ MTS"J MJJWs MJVVJJ TJMJJ zJS)J gJM'J uJS'J mJM*J eJMJJ SMSJJSVTMS sJSJJ MTJJSM `JMJJ eJMJV JWMSJJ TJMJJ `JJTJ JVSJST JTMJd MJMVJMJMJg SSJK[Wg JTJMVJ mJggd^^mJM `M^ex JWJJS[ MMSTSTSM MSSJTS JTJJS W[SJm MJSVTVMJe JVJSM MSSJs MMWSVMKMJ JMMWJ VSMSTTVTSM SJMJ` SSWTJS KJ^em mk`TZ dJMJMWV ^gpdp MSTVJ ^ZJp^ SMMJp pJWZSJ `JpzesmJ[ ^WTSMJz SJZVJ eJV[Jg MMSTMSS SeMSVJ^[JM Me`JV`"J ssVJTWJ VJMJVWWS SMJTJ pJM J SMJSMSM SMS!J JTJJTSSJ `JWVM MMJJMJMMJ SSJSSJM^J UTTSSMZJ `JVM J JMJJM[K STM{J MJJSVJ JJSJe pJT~J Smgk^JpJ mTJSM^ WVWZJ} JMJJSJd SMSSJMZW JTJJVT JJMMSJS kJSJS MVMMJ TMMJTJz VSSZJz MWTJVs dSSZT JMSSWTJMJe `MJSVVT ^mpxIv nQ]F\ \$) ' %''+%$+ %+'$%+''+ %'%#%, %++$%%+ ++,13>JI /<64-8Q-4' Qc']\Qcc]] c\'JI 13>JI <$y<6 13>JI 13>JI 13>JI 13>JI 13>JI <%%$)+Q #$$-4%#%4- Q%4%% %)%$' 4'#'$ 13>JI ]'4-- $<4--4 74--4+y Q+747% 7474-47477 4--477 13>JI <.<<8<,<8< -<4 . -<<-<<- 13>JI KJJ:./ ,--,-,-,-, 13>JI KMN:.1 13>JI MSJJMJMJMJ MJJMMJ SMMSMJ TSJJMJJMS^ SMJSJJ MMSJ} MJ`sJJ`ZgV gJ^ZS^^Zgd pukekeemZ S^k`md^``[ p`^mk Je^[p`Z} S[e^VemT^J [VdVTWJ JWd[J} MJMMSMMJJM SJMSJJM MJSMTSMMST MTMTM} ##?# %?? " # % % ? % X# ? 4"BH"9 $494H4 g$44H 4$Hg$K OOJ;; Wallis and Futuna Map Button Image $ THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna Header Affiliation: (overseas territory of France) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna Geography Location: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 274 sq km land area: 274 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Washington, DC note: includes Ile Uvea (Wallis Island), Ile Futuna (Futuna Island), Ile Alofi, and 20 islets Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 129 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October) Terrain: volcanic origin; low hills Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: 5% permanent crops: 20% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 75% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: deforestation (only small portions of the original forests remain) largely as a result of the continued use of wood as the main fuel source; as a consequence of cutting down the forests, the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly prone to erosion; there are no permanent settlements on Alofi because of the lack of natural fresh water resources natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: both island groups have fringing reefs THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna People Population: 14,499 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 1.11% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 25.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.14 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -8.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 24.92 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.24 years male: 71.62 years female: 72.9 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.11 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islanders adjective: Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander Ethnic divisions: Polynesian Religions: Roman Catholic Languages: French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1969) total population: 50% male: 50% female: 51% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture, livestock, and fishing 80%, government 4% (est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands conventional short form: Wallis and Futuna local long form: Territoire des Iles Wallis et Futuna local short form: Wallis et Futuna Digraph: WF Type: overseas territory of France Capital: Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea) Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of France) Independence: none (overseas territory of France) Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) Legal system: French legal system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981) head of government: High Administrator Philippe LEGRIX (since NA); President of the Territorial Assembly Soane Mani UHILA (since NA March 1992) cabinet: Council of the Territory consists of 3 kings and 3 members appointed by the high administrator on advice of the Territorial Assembly note: there are three traditional kings with limited powers Legislative branch: unicameral Territorial Assembly (Assemblee Territoriale): elections last held 15 March 1987 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (20 total) RPR 7, UPL 5, UDF 4, UNF 4 French Senate: elections last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held by NA September 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) RPR 1 French National Assembly: elections last held 21 and 28 March 1992 (next to be held by NA September 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) MRG 1; note - Wallis and Futuna elect one deputy Judicial branch: none; justice generally administered under French law by the chief administrator, but the three traditional kings administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu Political parties and leaders: Rally for the Republic (RPR); Union Populaire Locale (UPL); Union Pour la Democratie Francaise (UDF); Lua kae tahi (Giscardians); Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche (MRG) Member of: FZ, SPC THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna Government Diplomatic representation in US: none (overseas territory of France) US diplomatic representation: none (overseas territory of France) Flag: the flag of France is used THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna Economy Overview: The economy is limited to traditional subsistence agriculture, with about 80% of the labor force earning its livelihood from agriculture (coconuts and vegetables), livestock (mostly pigs), and fishing. About 4% of the population is employed in government. Revenues come from French Government subsidies, licensing of fishing rights to Japan and South Korea, import taxes, and remittances from expatriate workers in New Caledonia. Wallis and Futuna imports food - particularly sugar and beef - fuel, clothing, machinery, and transport equipment, but its exports are negligible, consisting of copra and handicrafts. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $28.7 million (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $2,000 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $2.7 million expenditures: $2.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1983 est.) Exports: $6.6 million (f.o.b., 1986) commodities: copra, handicrafts partners: NA Imports: $13.3 million (c.i.f., 1984) commodities: foodstuffs, manufactured goods, transportation equipment, fuel, clothing partners: France, Australia, New Zealand External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 1,200 kW production: 1 million kWh consumption per capita: 70 kWh (1990) Industries: copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber Agriculture: dominated by coconut production, with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas, and herds of pigs and goats Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $118 million Currency: 1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna Economy Exchange rates: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 96.25 (January 1995), 100.94 (1994), 102.96 (1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991), 99.0 (1990); note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc Fiscal year: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 120 km (Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20km) paved: 16 km (on Il Uvea) unpaved: 104 km (Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km) Inland waterways: none Ports: Leava, Mata-Utu Merchant marine: total: 1 oil tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 26,000 GRT/40,000 DWT Airports: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna Communications Telephone system: 225 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Wallis and Futuna Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of France Show Map x8dot3 French Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights WALLIS_A $0|/j language .(]U+.((] ]]=(+ ].=]= (]. =.+(+( 0'#&')1 )#1## rrllrruuov lrorouotl orllrrluo l ulluvrdl ;)g;b0 oulrrxvx lorloo rrllrl ovruvur lolodl lxvel hitillhlh lxojl 07);~ -~44% S@S' 0~)R7 rlrunl olloll llolo7l uluuou roloosl roorl ooloulrr orolr lulorlrrlu vvoloullov ollruo lollvul uvlrxlrxxv uolurxxvlv orrfu rro}l kkfzl |CQbP FKKOP[lkyl NHEEHN TVHVNJVNEV TETVHJJTJ JVJJVJNVNJ VTEENVJNJ NVJNJEEVNE EVVJNHHVVJ NVJETVHVNE EFCFDP[lkyl K:CKHG:MHC 65C66A5:C5 6H65G:<6BQ A36A3<:5)M h)^)f language sO$sH $tOsPs OrPsOtt Y5//5Y _|QKn 5Y_5_/ *yUUyOU KQnQnQnQnQ nQnQnQnQnQ nQnQnQnQnQ nQnQnQnQnQ nQnQnQnQnQ nQnQnQnQnQ nQnQnQnQnQ nQnQnQnQnQ nQnQnQn= d^d^d ^V]2W3 ^]WdW ^d]d^]^ Western Samoa Map Button Image % THE WORLD FACTBOOK Western Samoa Geography Location: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 2,860 sq km land area: 2,850 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Rhode Island Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 403 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October) Terrain: narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior Natural resources: hardwood forests, fish Land use: arable land: 19% permanent crops: 24% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 47% other: 10% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: soil erosion natural hazards: occasional typhoons; active volcanism international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea THE WORLD FACTBOOK Western Samoa People Population: 209,360 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (female 41,503; male 42,844) 15-64 years: 56% (female 55,683; male 61,065) 65 years and over: 4% (female 4,323; male 3,942) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.37% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 31.74 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.88 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -2.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 35.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.38 years male: 65.99 years female: 70.88 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.04 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Western Samoan(s) adjective: Western Samoan Ethnic divisions: Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4% Religions: Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist) Languages: Samoan (Polynesian), English Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1971) total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture 60% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Western Samoa Government Names: conventional long form: Independent State of Western Samoa conventional short form: Western Samoa Digraph: WS Type: constitutional monarchy under native chief Capital: Apia Administrative divisions: 11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano Independence: 1 January 1962 (from UN trusteeship administered by New Zealand) National holiday: National Day, 1 June (1962) Constitution: 1 January 1962 Legal system: based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Chief Susuga Malietoa TANUMAFILI II (Co-Chief of State from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole Chief of State on 5 April 1963) head of government: Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana (since 7 April 1988) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the head of state with the prime minister's advice Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly (Fono): elections last held 5 April 1991 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (47 total) HRPP 28, SNDP 18, independents 1 note: only matai (head of family) are able to run for the Legislative Assembly Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP), TOFILAU Eti Alesana, chairman; Samoan National Development Party (SNDP), TAPUA Tamasese Efi, chairman Member of: ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE chancery: 820 Second Avenue, Suite 800, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 599-6196, 6197 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Western Samoa Government FAX: [1] (212) 599-0797 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: the ambassador to New Zealand is accredited to Western Samoa embassy: 5th floor, Beach Road, Apia mailing address: P.O. Box 3430, Apia telephone: [685] 21631 FAX: [685] 22030 Flag: red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation THE WORLD FACTBOOK Western Samoa Economy Overview: Agriculture employs more than half of the labor force, contributes 50% to GDP, and furnishes 90% of exports. The bulk of export earnings comes from the sale of coconut oil and copra. The economy depends on emigrant remittances and foreign aid to support a level of imports much greater than export earnings. Tourism has become the most important growth industry. The economy continued to falter in 1994, as remittances and tourist earnings remained low. Production of taro, the primary food export crop, has dropped 97% since a fungal disease struck the crop in 1993. The rapid growth in 1994 of the giant African snail population in Western Samoa is also threatening the country's basic food crops, such as bananas and coconuts. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $400 million (1992 est.) National product real growth rate: -4.3% (1992 est.) National product per capita: $2,000 (1992 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 14% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $95.3 million expenditures: $76.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $6.4 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: coconut oil and cream, taro, copra, cocoa partners: New Zealand 34%, American Samoa 21%, Germany 18%, Australia 11% Imports: $11.5 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: intermediate goods 58%, food 17%, capital goods 12% partners: New Zealand 37%, Australia 25%, Japan 11%, Fiji 9% External debt: $141 million (June 1993) Industrial production: growth rate -0.3% (1992 est.); accounts for 16% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 29,000 kW production: 50 million kWh consumption per capita: 200 kWh (1993) Industries: timber, tourism, food processing, fishing Agriculture: accounts for about 50% of GDP; coconuts, fruit (including bananas, taro, yams) Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $18 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $306 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $4 million THE WORLD FACTBOOK Western Samoa Economy Currency: 1 tala (WS$) = 100 sene Exchange rates: tala (WS$) per US$1 - 2.4600 (January 1995), 2.5349 (1994), 2.5681 (1993), 2.4655 (1992), 2.3975 (1991), 2.3095 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Western Samoa Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 2,042 km paved: 375 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, earth 1,667 km Ports: Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa Merchant marine: total: 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,838 GRT/5,536 DWT Airports: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Western Samoa Communications Telephone system: 7,500 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 radios: 70,000 Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Western Samoa Defense Forces Branches: no regular armed services; Western Samoa Police Force Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP WESTERN SAMOA - Passport and onward/return ticket required. Visa not required for stay up to 30 days. For longer stays contact the Western Samoa Mission to the U.N., 820 2nd Avenue, Suite 800, New York, NY (212/599-6196). 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World Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights WORLD x8dot3 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK World Geography Map references: World, Time Zones Area: total area: 510.072 million sq km land area: 148.94 million sq km water area: 361.132 million sq km comparative area: land area about 16 times the size of the US note: 70.8% of the world is water, 29.2% is land Land boundaries: the land boundaries in the world total 250,883.64 km (not counting shared boundaries twice) Coastline: 356,000 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm claimed by most but can vary continental shelf: 200-m depth claimed by most or to depth of exploitation, others claim 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm claimed by most but can vary exclusive economic zone: 200 nm claimed by most but can vary territorial sea: 12 nm claimed by most but can vary note: boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nm; 43 nations and other areas that are landlocked include Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Slovakia, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe Climate: two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones from a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates Terrain: highest elevation is Mt. Everest at 8,848 meters and lowest depression is the Dead Sea at 392 meters below sea level; greatest ocean depth is the Marianas Trench at 10,924 meters Natural resources: the rapid using up of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality (especially in Eastern Europe and the former USSR) pose serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only beginning to address Land use: arable land: 10% permanent crops: 1% THE WORLD FACTBOOK World Geography meadows and pastures: 24% forest and woodland: 31% other: 34% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: large areas subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of wildlife, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion natural hazards: large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions) international agreements: 23 selected international environmental agreements included under the Environment entry for each country and in Appendix E: Selected International Environmental Agreements THE WORLD FACTBOOK World People Population: 5,733,687,096 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 31.6% (female 882,809,689; male 928,121,801) 15-64 years: 62% (female 1,752,393,539; male 1,802,004,124) 65 years and over: 6.4% (female 209,437,234; male 158,246,581) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.5% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 24 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 64 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 62 years male: 61 years female: 64 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.1 children born/woman (1995 est.) Labor force: 2.24 billion (1992) by occupation: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK World Government Digraph: XX Administrative divisions: 265 nations, dependent areas, other, and miscellaneous entries Legal system: varies by individual country; 186 (note including Yugoslavia) are parties to the United Nations International Court of Justice (ICJ or World Court) THE WORLD FACTBOOK World Economy Overview: Led by recovery in Western Europe and strong performances by the US, Canada, and key Third World countries, real global output - gross world product (GWP) - rose 3% in 1994 compared with 2% in 1993. Results varied widely among regions and countries. Average growth of 3% in the GDP of industrialized countries (60% of GWP in 1994) and average growth of 6% in the GDP of less developed countries (34% of GWP) were partly offset by a further 11% drop in the GDP of the former USSR/Eastern Europe area (now only 6% of GWP). With the notable exception of Japan at 2.9%, unemployment was typically 5%-12% in the industrial world. The US accounted for 22% of GWP in 1994; Western Europe accounted for another 22%; and Japan accounted for 8%. These are the three "economic superpowers" which are presumably destined to compete for mastery in international markets on into the 21st century. As for the less developed countries, China, India, and the Four Dragons - South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore - once again posted records of 5% growth or better; however, many other countries, especially in Africa, continued to suffer from drought, rapid population growth, inflation, and civil strife. Central Europe made considerable progress in moving toward "market-friendly" economies, whereas the 15 ex-Soviet countries (with the notable exceptions of the three Baltic states) typically experienced further declines in output, sometimes as high as 30%. Externally, the nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, funds, and technology. Internally, the central government in a number of cases is losing control over resources as separatist regional movements - typically based on ethnicity - gain momentum, e.g., in the successor states of the former Soviet Union, in the former Yugoslavia, and in India. In Western Europe, governments face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. The addition of nearly 100 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, desertification, underemployment, epidemics, and famine. Because of their own internal problems, the industrialized countries have inadequate resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from the economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. (For the specific economic problems of each country, see the individual country entries in this volume.) National product: GWP (gross world product) - purchasing power parity - $30.7 trillion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $5,400 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): all countries: 25% developed countries: 5% developing countries: 50% (1994 est.) note: national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases, from stable prices to hyperinflation Unemployment rate: 30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 5%-12% unemployment Exports: $4 trillion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK World Economy commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services partners: in value, about 75% of exports from the developed countries Imports: $4.1 trillion (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services partners: in value, about 75% of imports by the developed countries External debt: $1 trillion for less developed countries (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 5% (1994 est.) Electricity: capacity: 2,773,000,000 kW production: 11.601 trillion kWh consumption per capita: 1,937 kWh (1993) Industries: industry worldwide is dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces, and the technological gap between the industrial nations and the less-developed countries continues to widen; the rapid development of new industrial (and agricultural) technology is complicating already grim environmental problems Agriculture: the production of major food crops has increased substantially in the last 20 years; the annual production of cereals, for instance, has risen by 50%, from about 1.2 billion metric tons to about 1.8 billion metric tons; production increases have resulted mainly from increased yields rather than increases in planted areas; while global production is sufficient for aggregate demand, about one-fifth of the world's population remains malnourished, primarily because local production cannot adequately provide for large and rapidly growing populations, which are too poor to pay for food imports; conditions are especially bad in Africa where drought in recent years has intensified the consequences of overpopulation Economic aid: $NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK World Transportation Railroads: total: 1,201,337 km includes about 190,000 to 195,000 km of electrified routes of which 147,760 km are in Europe, 24,509 km in the Far East, 11,050 km in Africa, 4,223 km in South America, and 4,160 km in North America; note - fastest speed in daily service is 300 km/hr attained by France's SNCF TGV-Atlantique line broad gauge: 251,153 km standard gauge: 710,754 km narrow gauge: 239,430 km Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Chiba, Houston, Kawasaki, Kobe, Marseille, Mina' al Ahmadi (Kuwait), New Orleans, New York, Rotterdam, Yokohama Merchant marine: total: 25,364 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 435,458,296 GRT/697,171,651 DWT ships by type: barge carrier 39, bulk 5,202, cargo 8,121, chemical tanker 911, combination bulk 293, combination ore/oil 290, container 1,903, liquefied gas 675, livestock carrier 48, multifunction large-load carrier 53, oil tanker 4,332, passenger 287, passenger-cargo 114, railcar carrier 24, refrigerated cargo 1,023, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1,047, short-sea passenger 465, specialized tanker 77, vehicle carrier 460 (April 1995) THE WORLD FACTBOOK World Communications Telephone system: local: NA intercity: NA international: NA Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK World Defense Forces Branches: ground, maritime, and air forces at all levels of technology Defense expenditures: a further decline in 1994, by perhaps 5%-10%, to roughly three-quarters of a trillion dollars, or 2.5% of gross world product (1994 est.) Map Button Image Show Map iW}cW\\W J@66J \6O~m$6 \66=#6 j5!7!: YjU(!7 jPbU* f{LY JC66?? ??66J\Qc%6 J?6\C6?~ JCJ66p?6J? JC6pQ6?&6 vi66CJ6? JWcC&6 ?W66JC CJCC6 ?c\p-6 6?vQ6 ?C66?\ Q66C@6 i\66aC QcW6\i ??6JW66CJ&6 ic66c Q6?pC C?6?C ?aJJC C6\J6 JQQc~~ ?\?/6 .'H!7 xW6?6p /'>'H'H C66?\Q6?\? ?\\W6?CC?? fnhP5 GvG6?B C66J? 6 Ci\6~?\p+6 ~c66~J J~~6JvJ p66=di Q\6C?66WQ6 CJcQC6\J$6 VXQ?Jp ?66?W {,b3U ?J6JC i]B!6 ??Q?Q J6C?!6 6?CW? ??Q?6C#6 6~\v6~J Q\?6QW6Q\W 6J66C6J? p?66m ~6??66? pJ66Q OQ\Qxc JC66W !'n:< '#:!7 66i\?6?v #'8!I Wc6?WWJvc J66\\ iiJCi ORv 6 =66=6Ci \C66J Q?66C Qc66Q 6QdBVJ? B66J6O 6iQ66Wc 6JQ??\p Z6C6? p6?6C qpJ;6 6W?6Cc \W66p66Q 9=J6? C?6JC?C?6\ J6C?C?CcC6 6\W66\C6W\ \66JC?6J iJW6?mW ?6GC66CGJO JW66c Wp6pWC~ i?=<6 ?C66??66JC xB96Xi 66c6Q x66B? \p66~ ?cW66QV Q6?Q^6 i6CJ6 ]B\6B Yemen Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights YEMEN x8dot3 Arabic language b8b8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen Geography Location: Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia Map references: Middle East Area: total area: 527,970 sq km land area: 527,970 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen) Land boundaries: total 1,746 km, Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km Coastline: 1,906 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 18 nm in the North; 24 nm in the South continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: undefined section of boundary with Saudi Arabia; a treaty with Oman defining the Yemeni-Omani boundary was ratified in December 1992 Climate: mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east Terrain: narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula Natural resources: petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper, fertile soil in west Land use: arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 30% forest and woodland: 7% other: 57% Irrigated land: 3,100 sq km (1989 est.) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen Geography Environment: current issues: very limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification natural hazards: sandstorms and dust storms in summer international agreements: party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change Note: controls Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen People Population: 14,728,474 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 50% (female 3,551,953; male 3,776,358) 15-64 years: 48% (female 3,505,735; male 3,508,229) 65 years and over: 2% (female 216,210; male 169,989) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 4.02% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 44.85 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 3.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 58.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 62.51 years male: 61.57 years female: 63.5 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.15 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Yemeni(s) adjective: Yemeni Ethnic divisions: predominantly Arab; Afro-Arab concentrations in western coastal locations; South Asians in southern regions; small European communities in major metropolitan areas Religions: Muslim including Sha'fi (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu Languages: Arabic Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 38% male: 53% female: 26% Labor force: no reliable estimates exist, most people are employed in agriculture and herding or as expatriate laborers; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than half of the labor force THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Yemen conventional short form: Yemen local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah local short form: Al Yaman Digraph: YM Type: republic Capital: Sanaa Administrative divisions: 17 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Abyan, Adan, Al Bayda, Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Dhamar, Hadramaut, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Marib, Sadah, Sana, Shabwah, Taizz note: there may be a new governorate for the capital city of Sanaa Independence: 22 May 1990 Republic of Yemen was established on 22 May 1990 with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic {Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen} and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen {Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen}; previously North Yemen had become independent on NA November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK) National holiday: Proclamation of the Republic, 22 May (1990) Constitution: 16 May 1991 Legal system: based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and local tribal customary law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen); Vice President Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since NA October 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Abd al-Aziz ABD AL-GHANI (since NA October 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives: elections last held 27 April 1993 (next to be held NA 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (301 total) GPC 124, Islaah 61, YSP 55, others 13, independents 47, election nullified 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen Government Political parties and leaders: over 40 political parties are active in Yemen, but only three project significant influence; since the May-July 1994 civil war, President SALIH's General People's Congress (GPC) and Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR's Yemeni Grouping for Reform, or Islaah, have joined to form a coalition government; the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), headed by Ali Salih UBAYD, has regrouped as a loyal opposition Other political or pressure groups: NA Member of: ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Muhsin Ahmad al-AYNI chancery: Suite 705, 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 965-4760, 4761 FAX: [1] (202) 337-2017 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador David NEWTON embassy: Dhahr Himyar Zone, Sheraton Hotel District, Sanaa mailing address: P. O. Box 22347 Sanaa; Sanaa, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-6330 telephone: [967] (1) 238843 through 238852 FAX: [967] (1) 251563 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; similar to the flag of Syria which has two green stars and of Iraq which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt which has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen Economy Overview: Whereas the northern city Sanaa is the political capital of a united Yemen, the southern city Aden, with its refinery and port facilities, is the economic and commercial capital. Future economic development depends heavily on Western-assisted development of the country's moderate oil resources. Former South Yemen's willingness to merge stemmed partly from the steady decline in Soviet economic support. The low level of domestic industry and agriculture has made northern Yemen dependent on imports for practically all of its essential needs. Once self-sufficient in food production, northern Yemen has become a major importer. Land once used for export crops - cotton, fruit, and vegetables - has been turned over to growing a shrub called qat, whose leaves are chewed for their stimulant effect by Yemenis and which has no significant export market. Economic growth in former South Yemen has been constrained by a lack of incentives, partly stemming from centralized control over production decisions, investment allocation, and import choices. Yemen's large trade deficits have been compensated for by remittances from Yemenis working abroad and by foreign aid. Since the Gulf crisis, remittances have dropped substantially. Growth in 1994-95 is constrained by low oil prices, rapid inflation, and political deadlock that are causing a lack of economic cooperation and leadership. However, a peace agreement with Saudi Arabia in February 1995 and the expectation of a rise in oil prices brighten Yemen's economic prospects. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $23.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: -1.4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,955 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 145% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 30% (December 1994) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $1.75 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: crude oil, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables, dried and salted fish partners: Germany 28%, Japan 15%, UK 9%, Austria 7%, China 7% (1992) Imports: $2.65 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: textiles and other manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar, grain, flour, other foodstuffs, cement, machinery, chemicals partners: US 16%, UK 7%, Japan 6%, France 6%, Italy 6% (1992) External debt: $7 billion (1993) Industrial production: growth rate NA%, accounts for 18% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 810,000 kW production: 1.8 billion kWh THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen Economy consumption per capita: 149 kWh (1993) Industries: crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement Agriculture: accounts for 26% of GDP; products - grain, fruits, vegetables, qat (mildly narcotic shrub), coffee, cotton, dairy, poultry, meat, fish; not self-sufficient in grain Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $389 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $3.2 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.4 billion Currency: Yemeni rial (new currency); 1 North Yemeni riyal (YR) = 100 fils; 1 South Yemeni dinar (YD) = 1,000 fils note: following the establishment of the Republic of Yemen on 22 May 1990, the North Yemeni riyal and the South Yemeni dinar are to be replaced with a new Yemeni rial Exchange rates: Yemeni rials per US$1 - 12.0 (official); 90 (market rate, December 1994) Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 51,390 km paved: 4,830 km unpaved: 46,560 km (1992 est.) Pipelines: crude oil 644 km; petroleum products 32 km Ports: Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla, Mocha, Nishtun Merchant marine: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 12,059 GRT/18,563 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, oil tanker 2 Airports: total: 46 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 4 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 10 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 12 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen Communications Telephone system: 65,000 telephones; since unification in 1990, efforts are still being made to create a national domestic civil telecommunications network local: NA intercity: the network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, and troposcatter international: 3 INTELSAT (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik, and 2 ARABSAT earth stations; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 10 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Yemen Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary (includes Police) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,135,649; males fit for military service 1,771,226; males reach military age (14) annually 181,057 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.65 billion, 7.1% of GDP (1993) YEMEN REPUBLIC OF- Passport and visa required. Visa valid 30 days from date of issuance for single entry, requires 1 application form and 2 photos. For tourist visa need proof of onward/return transportation and employment and $20 fee. Visitors visa requires letter of invitation and $20 fee. Business visa requires $20, company letter stating purpose of trip. Payment by money order only and include postage for return of passport by registered mail. Entry not granted to passports showing Israeli or South African visas. Yellow fever and cholera vaccinations and malaria suppressants recommended. Check information with Embassy of the Republic Yemen , Suite 705, 2600 Virginia Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 (202/965-4760) or Yemen Mission to the U.N., 866 United Nations Plaza, Rm. 435, New York, NY 10017 (212/355-1730). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Yemen ============================================================ Yemen - Public Announcement May 17, 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The U. S. government has learned that Islamic extremists may be planning to initiate a hostage-taking against Westerners in Yemen. U.S. citizens could be at risk as potential targets. U.S. government agencies continue to evaluate this report and will provide additional information as available. U.S. citizens continue to be warned that they should avoid travel to Yemen and should depart the country if already there. ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Yemen ============================================================ Yemen - Consular Information Sheet January 24, 1995 Country Description: Yemen is a republic governed by a presidential council, prime minister and cabinet, and a constitutional parliament. Islamic ideals and beliefs provide the conservative foundation of the country's customs, laws and practices. Yemen is a developing country, and modern tourist facilities, except in the major cities, are not widely available. Entry Requirements: Passports and visas are required. Entry to Yemen may be denied to persons with passports showing Israeli visas or entry/exit stamps. A yellow fever vaccination is recommended. Chloroquine-resistant malaria suppressants are recommended for travel to areas outside the city of Sanaa. For more details, the traveler can contact the Embassy of the Republic of Yemen, Suite 705, 2600 Virginia Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, telephone (202) 965-4760; or the Yemen Mission to the U.N., 866 United Nations Plaza, Room 435, New York, N.Y. 10017, telephone (212) 355-1730. Areas of Instability: Travel within Yemen, particularly to the tribal areas north and east of Sanaa, can be dangerous. Disputes between different tribal groups and between tribal groups and the government have sometimes led to violent incidents. These disputes have sometimes led to the kidnapping of westerners, including Americans. The situation is now exacerbated by the political involvement of rival groups. Yemeni security officials advise against casual travel to rural areas. If travel to these areas is necessary, the risk to personal security may be reduced if such travel is undertaken by air or with an armed escort. Travel to the Yemeni-Saudi border area can also be dangerous. Clashes have been reported along the border area to the north and east of Sanaa and in the far east of Yemen, near Oman. Tensions along the Yemeni-Saudi border can escalate quickly, and Americans contemplating travel to border areas should contact the U.S. Embassy in Sanaa for the latest information. Armed hijackings of vehicles, accompanied in some instances by violence, occur in many parts of the country, including the capital. Urban violence has been a problem in the past. Foreign embassies and Yemeni government buildings have been the targets of bombs and rockets planted or fired by unknown individuals or groups. Such incidents present a danger to U.S. citizens in Yemen. Other potential hazards to travelers are land mines and unexploded ordnance left over from the 1994 civil war in areas where fighting took place in the six southern provinces. Medical Facilities: Basic medical care and medicines are available in the principal cities of Yemen, but not necessarily in outlying areas. The altitude of Sanaa (7200 feet) and lack of adequate medical facilities can cause problems for some visitors. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas coverage has proven useful. The international travelers hotline at the Centers for Disease Control, telephone (404) 332-4559, has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: The most serious crime problem affecting travelers to Yemen is the armed, at times violent, hijacking of vehicles. Travelers occasionally have been victims of petty street crime. The loss or theft of a U.S. passport abroad should be reported immediately to local police and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Useful information on safeguarding valuables, protecting personal security, and other matters while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to the Middle East and North Africa." They are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Dual Nationality: The government of Yemen may not recognize the U.S. citizenship of persons who are citizens of both Yemen and the United States. This may hinder the ability of U.S. consular officials to assist persons who do not enter Yemen on a U.S. passport. Dual nationals may also be subject to national obligations, such as taxes or military service. Travelers can contact an embassy or consulate of Yemen for further information on possible dual nationality. Photography Restrictions: Specific permission is required for the use of video cameras. Photography of military installations, equipment, or troops is forbidden, and in the past has led to the arrest of U.S. citizens. Such sites are not always obvious; if in doubt, it is useful to ask specific permission. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the U.S. Embassy can obtain updated information on travel and security within Yemen. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy in Sanaa, Yemen is located at Dhahr Himyar Zone, Sheraton Hotel District, P.O. Box 22347. The telephone number is (967) (1) 238-843 through 852. The workweek in Yemen is Saturday through Wednesday. No. 95-010 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated July 29, 1994, to revise the section on areas of instability. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 F2WWg 2W-2-&F Fgg#v G::TzzG 9 279*` g7-FgWg2FW szzsz kv}&* 6`hp: sz\s: +~u|u| ku|uu|u &&2W2 2-FWF- qqN)) .||u|| u||u||u /A{11{A [,[[/ \sD:h3: T::T\T TG:hG:TG :s\:zT Gz::Gz:\s: +H_MO?_ lV?MSB _MSSR` aVllYYXR SS__._ 7z::GG an^Smlno __ffB_H lldRJdmo mdOBO^mw uRSOOJXm q8)83)38 BSROBBYl I0_II YJRORROB EMROQQ@Q EMROQQ@Q =_RROQQR VXRJQ jdXMS^d alOU5=Ej ^Zuf`JB mjjam 5.$5E .B|+#_ mollmllaVj almjloll VRSdjlt mmllmoja j^JXmll am^Ymln wjlmllj hph]: Vljldn mljloljj tdlmolo ljVBRMJSMM xmjjmlj jiSJSRJRRM @O@@# Uiu+J@R@ UUYljx jlljmox wommlj dcllmjc ynolollix aj^Roi iJu|.|O| loolmjmx adUlm jjcjlw mjlmjx.E B#P@#0 <0O0.@# alljlix tdlmln 0#.+.+k@ @$+B@ twjoliw. |k#.Bf. d^^lljl sTGhB: iiURMRj jS^j^t niX^R?MBR SYjlt ERdlt ttcUJ B@B_H0HOJ^ VMRdt j^^XR@ H>( ,,(>( ((,,>, #%((,, ,(,,(,(,, ,((,(,, %,((,( >>%>> %%>%>> %%>%>>%%>> %%>>% >%%>> >%%>%>% %>>%%>> >%%>%%> %%>>% >%%>>%# #%>%>>% BOJ;; n6n6n6 c'cRh IQIQII QIIYPQIQPY RFFRFF P#PY#H##; rrbrbr Nbb8b8b 86886 "$"$"$"$"$ "$"$"$"$"$ "$"$"$"$"$ "$"$"$"$"$ "$"$"$"$"$ "$"$"$"$"$ "$"$"$"$"$ "$"$"$"$"$ 1--11 Zaire Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ZAIRE x8dot3 French language o8o8 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire Geography Location: Central Africa, northeast of Angola Map references: Africa Area: total area: 2,345,410 sq km land area: 2,267,600 sq km comparative area: slightly more than one-quarter the size of US Land boundaries: total 10,271 km, Angola 2,511 km, Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, Sudan 628 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km Coastline: 37 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: boundaries with neighbors territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled; long section with Congo along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made) Climate: tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October Terrain: vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east Natural resources: cobalt, copper, cadmium, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal, hydropower potential Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 78% other: 15% Irrigated land: 100 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; 1.2 million Rwandan refugees are responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching in eastern Zaire natural hazards: periodic droughts in south; volcanic activity THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire Geography international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification Note: straddles Equator; very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire People Population: 44,060,636 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 10,522,368; male 10,527,451) 15-64 years: 50% (female 11,211,353; male 10,630,118) 65 years and over: 2% (female 647,307; male 522,039) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.18% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 48.33 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 16.57 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: in 1994, more than one million refugees fled into Zaire to escape the fighting between the Hutus and the Tutsis in Rwanda and Burundi; a small number of these are returning to their homes in 1995 despite fear of the ongoing violence; additionally, Zaire is host to 105,000 Angolan, more than 250,000 Burundian and 100,000 Sudanese refugees; repatriation of Angolan refugees was suspended in May 1994 because of the recurrence of fighting in Angola; if present peace accords hold, repatriation of Angolans may recommence Infant mortality rate: 108.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.54 years male: 45.68 years female: 49.46 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.7 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Zairian(s) adjective: Zairian Ethnic divisions: over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population Religions: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs 10% Languages: French, Lingala, Swahili, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 72% male: 84% female: 61% THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire People Labor force: 15 million (25% of the labor force comprises wage earners) by occupation: agriculture 75%, industry 13%, services 12% (1985) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Zaire conventional short form: Zaire local long form: Republique du Zaire local short form: Zaire former: Belgian Congo Congo/Leopoldville Congo/Kinshasa Digraph: CG Type: republic with a strong presidential system Capital: Kinshasa Administrative divisions: 10 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 town* (ville); Bandundu, Bas-Zaire, Equateur, Haut-Zaire, Kasai-Occidental, Kasai-Oriental, Kinshasa*, Maniema, Nord-Kivu, Shaba, Sud-Kivu Independence: 30 June 1960 (from Belgium) National holiday: Anniversary of the Regime (Second Republic), 24 November (1965) Constitution: 24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978; amended April 1990; new transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994 Legal system: based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Executive branch: chief of state: President Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga (since 24 November 1965) election last held 29 July 1984 (next to be held by 9 July 1995); results - President MOBUTU was reelected without opposition head of government: Prime Minister Leon KENGO wa Dondo (since 14 June 1994) cabinet: National Executive Council; appointed by mutual agreement of the president and the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral parliament: a single body consisting of the High Council of the Republic and the Parliament of the Transition with membership equally divided between presidential supporters and opponents Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) Political parties and leaders: sole legal party until January 1991 - Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR); other parties include Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba; Democratic Social Christian Party (PDSC); Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans (UFERI); Unified Lumumbast Party (PALU), Antoine GIZENGA; Union of Independent Democrats (UDI), Leon KENGO wa Dondo THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire Government Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador TATANENE Manata chancery: 1800 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 234-7690, 7691 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires John M. YATES embassy: 310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa mailing address: Unit 31550, Kinshasha; APO AE 09828 telephone: [243] (12) 21532, 21628 FAX: [243] (12) 21534 ext. 2308, 21535 ext. 2308; (88) 43805, 43467 Flag: light green with a yellow disk in the center bearing a black arm holding a red flaming torch; the flames of the torch are blowing away from the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire Economy Overview: Zaire's economy has continued to disintegrate although Prime Minister KENGO has had some success in slowing the rate of economic decline. While meaningful economic figures are difficult to come by, Zaire's hyperinflation, chronic large government deficits, and plunging mineral production have made the country one of the world's poorest. Most formal transactions are conducted in hard currency as indigenous bank notes have lost almost all value, and a barter economy now flourishes in all but the largest cities. Most individuals and families hang on grimly through subsistence farming and petty trade. The government has not been able to meet its financial obligations to the International Monetary Fund or put in place the financial measures advocated by the IMF. Although short-term prospects for improvement are dim, improved political stability would boost Zaire's long-term potential to effectively exploit its vast wealth of mineral and agricultural resources. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $18.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $440 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 40% per month (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $362 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: copper, coffee, diamonds, cobalt, crude oil partners: US, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, UK, Japan, South Africa Imports: $356 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels partners: South Africa, US, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK External debt: $9.2 billion (May 1992 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -20% (1993); accounts for 16% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 2,830,000 kW production: 6.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 133 kWh (1993) Industries: mining, mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, diamonds THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire Economy Agriculture: cash crops - coffee, palm oil, rubber, quinine; food crops - cassava, bananas, root crops, corn Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $6.9 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $263 million note: except for humanitarian aid to private organizations, no US assistance has been given to Zaire since 1992 Currency: 1 zaire (Z) = 100 makuta Exchange rates: new zaires (Z) per US$1 - 3,275.71 (December 1994), 1,194.12 (1994), 2.51 (1993); zaire (Z) per US$1 - 645,549 (1992), 15,587 (1991), 719 (1990) note: on 22 October 1993 the new zaire, equal to 3,000,000 old zaires, was introduced Fiscal year: calendar year THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire Transportation Railroads: total: 5,138 km; note - severely reduced trackage in use because of civil strife narrow gauge: 3,987 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge Highways: total: 146,500 km paved: 2,800 km unpaved: gravel, improved earth 46,200 km; unimproved earth 97,500 km Inland waterways: 15,000 km including the Congo, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes Pipelines: petroleum products 390 km Ports: Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma, Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 270 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 4 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 97 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 22 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 127 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire Communications Telephone system: NA telephones local: NA intercity: NA barely adequate wire and microwave service in and between urban areas; 14 domestic earth stations international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 18 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zaire Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, paramilitary Civil Guard, Special Presidential Division Manpower availability: males age 15-49 9,479,245; males fit for military service 4,828,367 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $46 million, 1.5% of GDP (1990) HZAIRE Passport and visa required. Visa must be obtained before arrival. Transit visa for stay up to 8 days, single-entry $45; double-entry $70. Tourist/business visa, valid 1 month $75-120, 2 months $140-180, 3 months $190-220 and 6 months $264-360, requires 3 photos, 3 applications, yellow fever immunization and onward/return ticket. Business visa also requires company letter accepting financial responsibility for traveler. No personal checks, send money order and enclose SASE for return of passport by mail. Apply Embassy of the Republic of Zaire, 1800 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/234-7690/1) or Permanent Mission to the U.N., 747 Third Ave., New York, NY 10017 (212/754-1966). STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Zaire ============================================================ Zaire - Consular Information Sheet November 9, 1995 Country Description: Zaire is the largest Sub-Saharan African country. Despite plentiful human and natural resources, it is in a deep political and economic crisis which has resulted in the dramatic deterioration of its physical infrastructure, insecurity and increased crime in cities, occasional official hostility to U.S. citizens and other expatriates, periodic shortages of basic items such as gasoline, chronic shortages of medical supplies, high inflation, corruption, and in some areas, serious malnutrition. Tourism facilities are minimal and only essential travel is recommended. Entry Requirements: A visa must be obtained in advance. Travelers should obtain the latest information from the Zairan Embassy, 1800 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 at (202) 234-7690 or 234-7691, or Zaire's Permanent Mission to the U.N. at 2 Henry Avenue, North Caldwell, New Jersey 07006, telephone (201) 812-1636. Overseas, inquiries should be made at the nearest Zarian Embassy or Consulate. Areas of Instability: (North and South Kivu Provinces) - Rwandan refugees near the cities of Goma and Bukavu still number in the hundreds of thousands. Foreigners have been the subject of attacks by armed bandits, some of which have resulted in fatalities. Explosive incidents in the Goma region, many involving landmines, have increased dramatically in recent months. (Urban Areas) - Military mutinies in 1991 and 1993 caused many deaths and major property loss, damage, and destruction in Kinshasa and elsewhere. The underlying causes of these mutinies -- the inability of the Zairan government to pay the military enough to support themselves and their families -- have not been resolved. Civil disturbances, including looting and the possibility of physical harm, can occur without warning in all urban areas. Corrupt Zairan security personnel may seek bribes to perform their duties, or single out foreigners and stop them on the street for proof of immigration status. Travelers are advised not to be belligerent if confronted with these situations and to contact the U.S. Embassy if taken into custody. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited and medicine is in short supply. Doctors and hospitals expect immediate cash payment in full for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid or accepted outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance, with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage, has proven useful. For additional information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's International Travelers hotline (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: The deterioration of Zaire's economy has led to an increase in crime. Vehicle thefts, including armed carjackings, occur, as do burglaries and other crimes. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20420. In Country Travel: Intercity roads are difficult at all times and often impassable in the rainy season. When driving in cities, individuals should keep windows up and doors locked. At roadblocks or checkpoints, documents are shown through closed windows. Visitors to the interior may be required to obtain a "mining permit" in Kinshasa before continuing the trip, regardless of the purpose of the trip. (Zaire/Congo Border Crossing) - A special exit permit from Zaire's immigration department and a visa from an embassy of the Congo are required to cross the Congo River from Kinshasa to Brazzaville. (Zaire/Central African Republic Border Crossing) - Ferry service to the Central African Republic is not reliable. Currency Regulations: The foreign exchange office at N'Djili airport in Kinshasa is closed. U.S. dollars and travelers checks can, in theory, be exchanged for local currency (New Zaire's) at banks, but there is often insufficient new Zaire cash on hand to make transactions. Visitors may be given an unfavorable rate of exchange, making any daily necessities extremely expensive. Credit cards are not widely accepted outside of a few major hotels. Taking Zairan currency out of the country is illegal. With the continued devaluation of the new Zaire currency, U.S. dollar cash has become a popular means for unofficial transactions greater than 100 dollars. Participating in unofficial money exchanges, however, is illegal. Foreigners have been picked up for infractions and had their money confiscated. Large denominations of U.S. currency may not be widely accepted. Photography Restrictions: Photography of public buildings, military installations, and the banks of the Congo River is forbidden. Offenders can expect to be arrested, held for at least several hours, and fined. Film and cameras may also be confiscated. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In November 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Zaire's civil aviation authority as not in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Zaire's carriers operating to and from the U.S. Typically, the same level of safety oversight is applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens are encouraged to register at the U.S. Embassy in Kinshasa and to obtain updated information on travel and security within Zaire. The U.S. Embassy is at 310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa. The telephone number is (243-12) 21532 or 21628. The Consular section of the Embassy is located at Avenue d'Isiro, Mobil Building; the telephone number is (243-12) 21532, extension 2376. Telephone service is often unreliable and cellular phones are becoming increasing popular. The Embassy's cellular switchboard phone number is (243-88) 43608. American staff left the Consulate General in Lubumbashi in 1991; the caretaker staff at the Consulate cannot provide consular assistance. No. 95-145 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 2, 1994 to update paragraphs on entry requirements, areas of instability, crime information, in country travel and Embassy phone numbers. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Zaire ============================================================ Zaire - Public Announcement May 11, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Spokesman For Immediate Release The U.S. Embassy in Kinshasa has updated the information on the Public Announcement issued May 8, 1995, regarding the possible outbreak of a hemorrhagic fever in Zaire. The Embassy reports the cause of the hemorrhagic fever outbreak in the Kikwit area of Bandundu Province, Zaire, is a strain of the Ebola virus, as confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. The Ebola virus is communicable and fatal to a high percentage of those infected. No known cure is available at this time. In addition, there is an ongoing outbreak of bloody diarrhea, which is treatable but has also caused several deaths. Zairian authorities, assisted by international health organizations, are working to contain the outbreak. The area is now reportedly under quarantine by the Zairian military. Anyone planning to travel to or near the affected area should postpone such travel. The U.S. Embassy will continue to monitor the situation and report new developments as necessary. Individuals requiring additional information on the Ebola virus may contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta at (404) 332-4559 or (404) 639-3534. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories ----- STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Zaire ============================================================ Zaire - Consular Information Sheet November 9, 1995 Country Description: Zaire is the largest Sub-Saharan African country. Despite plentiful human and natural resources, it is in a deep political and economic crisis which has resulted in the dramatic deterioration of its physical infrastructure, insecurity and increased crime in cities, occasional official hostility to U.S. citizens and other expatriates, periodic shortages of basic items such as gasoline, chronic shortages of medical supplies, high inflation, corruption, and in some areas, serious malnutrition. Tourism facilities are minimal and only essential travel is recommended. Entry Requirements: A visa must be obtained in advance. Travelers should obtain the latest information from the Zairan Embassy, 1800 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 at (202) 234-7690 or 234-7691, or Zaire's Permanent Mission to the U.N. at 2 Henry Avenue, North Caldwell, New Jersey 07006, telephone (201) 812-1636. Overseas, inquiries should be made at the nearest Zarian Embassy or Consulate. Areas of Instability: (North and South Kivu Provinces) - Rwandan refugees near the cities of Goma and Bukavu still number in the hundreds of thousands. Foreigners have been the subject of attacks by armed bandits, some of which have resulted in fatalities. Explosive incidents in the Goma region, many involving landmines, have increased dramatically in recent months. (Urban Areas) - Military mutinies in 1991 and 1993 caused many deaths and major property loss, damage, and destruction in Kinshasa and elsewhere. The underlying causes of these mutinies -- the inability of the Zairan government to pay the military enough to support themselves and their families -- have not been resolved. Civil disturbances, including looting and the possibility of physical harm, can occur without warning in all urban areas. Corrupt Zairan security personnel may seek bribes to perform their duties, or single out foreigners and stop them on the street for proof of immigration status. Travelers are advised not to be belligerent if confronted with these situations and to contact the U.S. Embassy if taken into custody. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities are limited and medicine is in short supply. Doctors and hospitals expect immediate cash payment in full for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid or accepted outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance, with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage, has proven useful. For additional information, travelers can contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's International Travelers hotline (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: The deterioration of Zaire's economy has led to an increase in crime. Vehicle thefts, including armed carjackings, occur, as do burglaries and other crimes. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The pamphlets, "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20420. In Country Travel: Intercity roads are difficult at all times and often impassable in the rainy season. When driving in cities, individuals should keep windows up and doors locked. At roadblocks or checkpoints, documents are shown through closed windows. Visitors to the interior may be required to obtain a "mining permit" in Kinshasa before continuing the trip, regardless of the purpose of the trip. (Zaire/Congo Border Crossing) - A special exit permit from Zaire's immigration department and a visa from an embassy of the Congo are required to cross the Congo River from Kinshasa to Brazzaville. (Zaire/Central African Republic Border Crossing) - Ferry service to the Central African Republic is not reliable. Currency Regulations: The foreign exchange office at N'Djili airport in Kinshasa is closed. U.S. dollars and travelers checks can, in theory, be exchanged for local currency (New Zaire's) at banks, but there is often insufficient new Zaire cash on hand to make transactions. Visitors may be given an unfavorable rate of exchange, making any daily necessities extremely expensive. Credit cards are not widely accepted outside of a few major hotels. Taking Zairan currency out of the country is illegal. With the continued devaluation of the new Zaire currency, U.S. dollar cash has become a popular means for unofficial transactions greater than 100 dollars. Participating in unofficial money exchanges, however, is illegal. Foreigners have been picked up for infractions and had their money confiscated. Large denominations of U.S. currency may not be widely accepted. Photography Restrictions: Photography of public buildings, military installations, and the banks of the Congo River is forbidden. Offenders can expect to be arrested, held for at least several hours, and fined. Film and cameras may also be confiscated. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use, and trafficking in illegal drugs are strictly enforced. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Civil Aviation Oversight: In November 1992, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration assessed Zaire's civil aviation authority as not in compliance with international aviation safety oversight standards for Zaire's carriers operating to and from the U.S. Typically, the same level of safety oversight is applied to operations to other destinations. For further information, travelers may contact the Department of Transportation at 1-800-322-7873. Registration/Embassy Location: U.S. citizens are encouraged to register at the U.S. Embassy in Kinshasa and to obtain updated information on travel and security within Zaire. The U.S. Embassy is at 310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa. The telephone number is (243-12) 21532 or 21628. The Consular section of the Embassy is located at Avenue d'Isiro, Mobil Building; the telephone number is (243-12) 21532, extension 2376. Telephone service is often unreliable and cellular phones are becoming increasing popular. The Embassy's cellular switchboard phone number is (243-88) 43608. American staff left the Consulate General in Lubumbashi in 1991; the caretaker staff at the Consulate cannot provide consular assistance. No. 95-145 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 2, 1994 to update paragraphs on entry requirements, areas of instability, crime information, in country travel and Embassy phone numbers. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. 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'&'&'& ,gd'& &'&'&'& :a=1,: &'&'& &'&'& &'&'& &'&'&'& &'&'& '&'&' '&'&'& d'&'&' &'&'& '&'&'&' '&'&' &'&'& '&'&' &'&'&' '&'&' &'&'&'&' &'&'& '&'&' '&'&'&'' '&'&'&'& '&'&' &'&'& '&'&'& &'&'&' &'&'& '&'&' '&'&' &'&'& &'&'& '&'&' '&'&'&' &'&'&' &'&&'&' ?n^ ? ^ ? ^ ? ^ ^ A^?B? 1-1-1- y1-y11 1--1y-1y1 y1y1-1y-1- -11-1 -1-1-1- VXXXXX0 Zimbabwe Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights ZIMBABWE x8dot3 English (British) language - THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zimbabwe Geography Location: Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana Map references: Africa Area: total area: 390,580 sq km land area: 386,670 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Montana Land boundaries: total 3,066 km, Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement Climate: tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March) Terrain: mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east Natural resources: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals Land use: arable land: 7.25% permanent crops: 0.25% (coffee is a permanent crop) meadows and pastures: 12.5% forest and woodland: 49% other: 31% Irrigated land: 2,250 sq km (1993 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching natural hazards: recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification Note: landlocked THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zimbabwe People Population: 11,139,961 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47% (female 2,588,193; male 2,617,485) 15-64 years: 51% (female 2,915,697; male 2,723,511) 65 years and over: 2% (female 151,635; male 143,440) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.78% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 36.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 18.54 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: following the settlement of hostilities in Mozambique in 1992, refugees from the fighting there began to return to their homes; this process continues at a lesser rate in 1995; there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment Infant mortality rate: 72.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 41.35 years male: 39.73 years female: 43.01 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.93 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Zimbabwean(s) adjective: Zimbabwean Ethnic divisions: African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%), white 1%, mixed and Asian 1% Religions: syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1% Languages: English (official), Shona, Sindebele Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982) total population: 78% male: 84% female: 72% Labor force: 3.1 million by occupation: agriculture 74%, transport and services 16%, mining, manufacturing, construction 10% (1987) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zimbabwe Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia Digraph: ZI Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Harare Administrative divisions: 8 provinces; Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo (Victoria), Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands Independence: 18 April 1980 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 18 April (1980) Constitution: 21 December 1979 Legal system: mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); election last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7% cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president; responsible to Parliament Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament: elections last held 8-9 April 1995 (next to be held NA March 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-S 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert MUGABE; Zimbabwe African National Union-Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi SITHOLE; Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel MAGOCHE; Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, Abel MUZOREWA Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zimbabwe Government telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100 FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny CARSON embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 794521 FAX: [263] (4) 796488 Flag: seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zimbabwe Economy Overview: Agriculture employs three-fourths of the labor force and supplies almost 40% of exports. The manufacturing sector, based on agriculture and mining, produces a variety of goods and contributes 35% to GDP. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe drought caused GDP to drop 8% in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in 1993 and 3.5% in 1994. Despite the lingering effects of the drought on economic and social conditions, the government is continuing to push its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at encouraging exports and foreign investment. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $17.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,580 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22% (December 1994 est.) Unemployment rate: at least 45% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $1.7 billion expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253 million (FY92/93) Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: agricultural 35% (tobacco 30%, other 5%), manufactures 25%, gold 12%, ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% (1992) partners: UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5% (1991) Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other manufactures 23%, chemicals 16%, fuels 12% (1991) partners: South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% (1991) External debt: $3.5 billion (December 1992 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (1992); accounts for 35% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 2,040,000 kW production: 9 billion kWh consumption per capita: 913 kWh (1993) Industries: mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP; 40% of land area divided into 4,500 large commercial farms and 42% in communal lands; crops - corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; self-sufficient in food THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zimbabwe Economy Economic aid: NA Currency: 1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 - 8.3752 (January 1995), 8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.1046 (1992), 3.4282 (1991), 2.4480 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zimbabwe Transportation Railroads: total: 2,745 km narrow gauge: 2,745 km 1.067-m gauge (355 km electrified; 42 km double track) Highways: total: 85,237 km paved: 15,800 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 39,090 km; improved earth 23,097 km; unimproved earth 7,250 km Inland waterways: Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication Pipelines: petroleum products 212 km Ports: Binga, Kariba Airports: total: 471 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 13 with paved runways under 914 m: 222 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 223 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zimbabwe Communications Telephone system: 247,000 telephones; system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance local: NA intercity: consists of microwave links, open-wire lines, and radio communications stations international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 8 televisions: NA THE WORLD FACTBOOK Zimbabwe Defense Forces Branches: Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,435,931; males fit for military service 1,514,068 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $175 million, 3.1% of GDP (FY94/95) ZIMBABWE - Passport, onward/return ticket and proof of sufficient funds required. Visitors must declare currency upon arrival. For regulations check with Embassy of Zimbabwe, 1608 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (202/332-7100) STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Zimbabwe ============================================================ Zimbabwe - Consular Information Sheet January 20, 1995 Country Description: Zimbabwe is a landlocked southern African country with extensive tourist facilities. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Although no visa is required to enter Zimbabwe, immigration authorities require a firm itinerary, sufficient funds to support the visit, and a return ticket to the United States. Onward tickets to non-U.S. destinations may not suffice. If these requirements are not met, immigration authorities may order departure by the next available flight. Departing air travelers must pay a $20 departure tax. Travelers may obtain further information regarding entry requirements by contacting the Embassy of Zimbabwe, 1608 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, telephone (202) 332-7100. Areas of Instability: Land mines along the Mozambique border, which is outside the main tourist areas, make travel to the border area potentially hazardous. Medical Facilities: Medical facilities in Zimbabwe are limited. Some medicine is in short supply. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide for payment of medical services outside the United States. In some cases, supplemental medical insurance with specific overseas and medical evacuation coverage has proven useful. Zimbabwe is suffering greatly from the AIDS pandemic. Information on health matters can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline, telephone (404) 332-4559. Information on Crime: Muggings, purse snatchings and break-ins are an increasing problem in Harare and Bulawayo. Thieves often operate in downtown Harare, especially in crowded areas, and on public transportation. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to local police and to the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The pamphlets "A Safe Trip Abroad" and "Tips for Travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa" provide useful information on protecting personal security while traveling abroad and on travel in the region in general. Both are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. In-Country Travel: Intercity bus travel can be dangerous due to overloaded buses, inadequate maintenance, unskilled drivers and occasional cases of drivers operating buses while intoxicated. When driving in cities, individuals generally keep windows rolled up and doors locked. Scheduled air travel is available to several cities and tourist destinations throughout Zimbabwe. Currency Regulations: Travelers to Zimbabwe are required to pay for all lodging with foreign currency or credit cards. Zimbabwe currency, even if obtained by exchanging foreign cash or travelers' checks in Zimbabwe, will not be accepted for payment of hotel bills. Restrictions on Photography: Zimbabwean authorities are extremely sensitive about photographing certain locations and buildings, including government offices, airports, military installations, official residences and embassies. Arrest or Detention: U.S. consular officials are not always granted quick access to Americans detained by Zimbabwean police. Embassy protests to the Government of Zimbabwe have not improved this situation. Drug Penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws of the country in which they are traveling. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and fines. Registration: U.S. citizens who register at the Embassy may obtain updated information on travel and security in Zimbabwe. Embassy Location: The U.S. Embassy is located at 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, P.O. Box 3340, in the capital city of Harare. The telephone number is (263-4) 794-521. In emergency situations during non-working hours, a duty officer can be contacted through the Marine Security Guard on duty at the Embassy. No. 95-006 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated October 18, 1993, to revise information concerning medical facilities and currency regulations. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Map Button Image Show Map ButtonPad Photo_1 !!6`R! JAs+jjS -6`-z >z6kR``R` !z6kK z``zzH> >>6>6>6>6 >6>6>6>6>6 &`R>H -`>H-k6! 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Age structure: 0-14 years: 24% (female 2,543,134; male 2,665,878) 15-64 years: 68% (female 7,191,964; male 7,482,814) 65 years and over: 8% (female 734,535; male 882,258) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.93% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.33 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.71 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.47 years male: 72.17 years female: 78.93 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.81 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Chinese (singular and plural) adjective: Chinese Ethnic divisions: Taiwanese 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2% Religions: mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5% Languages: Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980) total population: 86% male: 93% female: 79% Labor force: 7.9 million by occupation: industry and commerce 53%, services 22%, agriculture 15.6%, civil administration 7% (1989) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Taiwan Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Taiwan local long form: none local short form: T'ai-wan Digraph: TW Type: multiparty democratic regime; opposition political parties legalized in March, 1989 Capital: Taipei Administrative divisions: some of the ruling party in Taipei claim to be the government of all China; in keeping with that claim, the central administrative divisions include 2 provinces (sheng, singular and plural) and 2 municipalities* (shih, singular and plural) - Fu-chien (some 20 offshore islands of Fujian Province including Quemoy and Matsu), Kao-hsiung*, T'ai-pei*, and Taiwan (the island of Taiwan and the Pescadores islands); the more commonly referenced administrative divisions are those of Taiwan Province - 16 counties (hsien, singular and plural), 5 municipalities* (shih, singular and plural), and 2 special municipalities** (chuan-shih, singular and plural); Chang-hua, Chia-i, Chia-i*, Chi-lung*, Hsin-chu, Hsin-chu*, Hua-lien, I-lan, Kao-hsiung, Kao-hsiung**, Miao-li, Nan-t'ou, P'eng-hu, P'ing-tung, T'ai-chung, T'ai-chung*, T'ai-nan, T'ai-nan*, T'ai-pei, T'ai-pei**, T'ai-tung, T'ao-yuan, and Yun-lin; the provincial capital is at Chung-hsing-hsin-ts'un note: Taiwan uses the Wade-Giles system for romanization National holiday: National Day, 10 October (1911) (Anniversary of the Revolution) Constitution: 1 January 1947, amended in 1992, presently undergoing revision Legal system: based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President LI Teng-hui (since 13 January 1988); Vice President LI Yuan-zu (since 20 May 1990) head of government: Premier (President of the Executive Yuan) LIEN Chan (since 23 February 1993); Vice Premier (Vice President of the Executive Yuan) HSU Li-teh (since 23 February 1993); presidential election last held 21 March 1990 (next election will probably be a direct popular election and will be held NA March 1996); results - President LI Teng-hui was reelected by the National Assembly; vice presidential election last held 21 March 1990; results - LI Yuan-zu was elected by the National Assembly cabinet: Executive Yuan; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Yuan and unicameral National Assembly THE WORLD FACTBOOK Taiwan Government Legislative Yuan: elections last held 19 December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1995); results - KMT 60%, DPP 31%, independents 9%; seats - (304 total, 161 elected) KMT 96, DPP 50, independents 15 National Assembly: first National Assembly elected in November 1946 with a supplementary election in December 1986; second and present National Assembly elected in December 1991; seats - (403 total) KMT 318, DPP 75, other 10; (next election to be held probably in 1996 and will be a direct popular election) Judicial branch: Judicial Yuan Political parties and leaders: Kuomintang (KMT, Nationalist Party), LI Teng-hui, chairman; Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), SHIH Ming-teh, chairman; Chinese New Party (CNP); Labor Party (LP) Other political or pressure groups: Taiwan independence movement, various environmental groups note: debate on Taiwan independence has become acceptable within the mainstream of domestic politics on Taiwan; political liberalization and the increased representation of the opposition Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan's legislature have opened public debate on the island's national identity; advocates of Taiwan independence, both within the DPP and the ruling Kuomintang, oppose the ruling party's traditional stand that the island will eventually unify with mainland China; the aims of the Taiwan independence movement include establishing a sovereign nation on Taiwan and entering the UN; other organizations supporting Taiwan independence include the World United Formosans for Independence and the Organization for Taiwan Nation Building Member of: expelled from UN General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971 and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs; expelled from IMF/World Bank group April/May 1980; seeking to join GATT; attempting to retain membership in INTELSAT; suspended from IAEA in 1972, but still allows IAEA controls over extensive atomic development, APEC, AsDB, BCIE, ICC, IOC, WCL Diplomatic representation in US: none; unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of the US are maintained through a private instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington and 10 other US cities US diplomatic representation: unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of Taiwan are maintained through a private institution, the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), which has offices in Taipei at #7, Lane 134, Hsin Yi Road, Section 3, telephone [886] (2) 709-2000, and in Kao-hsiung at #2 Chung Cheng 3d Road, telephone [886] (7) 224-0154 through 0157, and the American Trade Center at Room 3207 International Trade Building, Taipei World Trade Center, 333 Keelung Road Section 1, Taipei 10548, telephone [886] (2) 720-1550 Flag: red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays THE WORLD FACTBOOK Taiwan Economy Overview: Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with considerable government guidance of investment and foreign trade and partial government ownership of some large banks and industrial firms. Real growth in GNP has averaged about 9% a year during the past three decades. Export growth has been even faster and has provided the impetus for industrialization. Inflation and unemployment are remarkably low. Agriculture contributes about 4% to GDP, down from 35% in 1952. Taiwan currently ranks as number 13 among major trading countries. Traditional labor-intensive industries are steadily being replaced with more capital- and technology-intensive industries. Taiwan has become a major investor in China, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam. The tightening of labor markets has led to an influx of foreign workers, both legal and illegal. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $257 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 6% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $12,070 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.2% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 1.6% (1994) Budget: revenues: $30.3 billion expenditures: $30.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.) Exports: $93 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: electrical machinery 19.7%, electronic products 19.6%, textiles 10.9%, footwear 3.3%, foodstuffs 1.0%, plywood and wood products 0.9% (1993 est.) partners: US 27.6%, Hong Kong 21.7%, EC countries 15.2%, Japan 10.5% (1994 est.) Imports: $85.1 billion (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: machinery and equipment 15.7%, electronic products 15.6%, chemicals 9.8%, iron and steel 8.5%, crude oil 3.9%, foodstuffs 2.1% (1993 est.) partners: Japan 30.1%, US 21.7%, EC countries 17.6% (1993 est.) External debt: $620 million (1992 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 4.5% (1994 est.); accounts for more than 40% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 21,460,000 kW production: 108 billion kWh consumption per capita: 4,789 kWh (1993) Industries: electronics, textiles, chemicals, clothing, food processing, plywood, sugar milling, cement, shipbuilding, petroleum refining THE WORLD FACTBOOK Taiwan Economy Agriculture: accounts for 4% of GDP and 16% of labor force (includes part-time farmers); heavily subsidized sector; major crops - vegetables, rice, fruit, tea; livestock - hogs, poultry, beef, milk; not self-sufficient in wheat, soybeans, corn; fish catch increasing, reached 1.4 million metric tons in 1988 Illicit drugs: an important heroin transit point; also a major drug money laundering center Economic aid: recipient: US, including Ex-Im (FY46-82), $4.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $500 million Currency: 1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: New Taiwan dollars per US$1 - 26.2 (1994), 26.6 (1993), 25.4 (1992), 25.748 (1991), 27.108 (1990), 26.407 (1989) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June THE WORLD FACTBOOK Taiwan Transportation Railroads: total: 4,600 km; note - 1,075 km in common carrier service and about 3,525 km is dedicated to industrial use narrow gauge: 4,600 km 1.067-m Highways: total: 20,041 km paved: bituminous, concrete pavement 17,095 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel 2,371 km; graded earth 575 km Pipelines: petroleum products 615 km; natural gas 97 km Ports: Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Kao-hsiung, Su-ao, T'ai-chung Merchant marine: total: 198 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,635,682 GRT/8,652,111 DWT ships by type: bulk 55, cargo 30, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 1, container 78, oil tanker 17, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 Airports: total: 41 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 8 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 6 with paved runways under 914 m: 8 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 THE WORLD FACTBOOK Taiwan Communications Telephone system: 7,800,000 telephones; best developed system in Asia outside of Japan local: NA intercity: extensive microwave radio relay links on east and west coasts international: 2 INTELSAT (1 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations; submarine cable links to Japan (Okinawa), Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe Radio: broadcast stations: AM 91, FM 23, shortwave 0 radios: 8.62 million Television: broadcast stations: 15 (repeaters 13) televisions: 6.386 million (color 5,680,000, monochrome 706,000) THE WORLD FACTBOOK Taiwan Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, Coastal Patrol and Defense Command, Armed Forces Reserve Command, Military Police Command Manpower availability: males age 15-49 6,293,884; males fit for military service 4,863,014; males reach military age (19) annually 201,191 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $9.8 billion, 3.4% of GDP (FY94/95); $9.77 billion proposed for FY95/96 budget billion proposed for FY95/96 budget Afghanis.0 Albania.1 Algeria.2 American.3 Andorra.4 Angola.5 Anguilla.6 Antarcti.7 Antigua_.8 Arctic_O.9 Argentin.10 Armenia.11 Aruba.12 Ashmore_.13 Atlantic.14 Australi.15 Austria.16 Azerbaij.17 The_Baha.18 Bahrain.19 Baker_Is.20 Banglade.21 Barbados.22 Bassas_d.23 Belarus.24 Belgium.25 Belize.26 Benin.27 Bermuda.28 Bhutan.29 Bolivia.30 Bosnia_a.31 Botswana.32 Bouvet_I.33 Brazil.34 British_.35 Brunei.36 Bulgaria.37 Burkina.38 Burma.39 Burundi.40 Cambodia.41 Cameroon.42 Canada.43 Cape_Ver.44 Cayman_I.45 Central_.46 Chad.47 Chile.48 China.49 Christma.50 Clippert.51 Cocos__K.52 Colombia.53 Comoros.54 Congo.55 Cook_Isl.56 Coral_Se.57 Costa_Ri.58 Cote_d'I.59 Croatia.60 Cuba.61 Cyprus.62 Czech_Re.63 Denmark.64 Djibouti.65 Dominica.66 Ecuador.67 Egypt.68 El_Salva.69 Equatori.70 Eritrea.71 Estonia.72 Ethiopia.73 Europa_I.74 Falkland.75 Faroe_Is.76 Fiji.77 Finland.78 France.79 French_G.80 French_P.81 French_S.82 Gabon.83 The_Gamb.84 Gaza_Str.85 Georgia.86 Germany.87 Ghana.88 Gibralta.89 Glorioso.90 Greece.91 Greenlan.92 Grenada.93 Guadelou.94 Guam.95 Guatemal.96 Guernsey.97 Guinea.98 Guinea_B.99 Guyana.100 Haiti.101 Heard_Is.102 Holy_See.103 Honduras.104 Hong_Kon.105 Howland_.106 Hungary.107 Iceland.108 India.109 Indian_O.110 Indonesi.111 Iran.112 Iraq.113 Ireland.114 Israel.115 Italy.116 Jamaica.117 Jan_Maye.118 Japan.119 Jarvis_I.120 Jersey.121 Johnston.122 Jordan.123 Juan_de_.124 Kazakhst.125 Kenya.126 Kingman_.127 Kiribati.128 Korea__N.129 Korea__S.130 Kuwait.131 Kyrgyzst.132 Laos.133 Latvia.134 Lebanon.135 Lesotho.136 Liberia.137 Libya.138 Liechten.139 Lithuani.140 Luxembou.141 Macau.142 Macedoni.143 Madagasc.144 Malawi.145 Malaysia.146 Maldives.147 Mali.148 Malta.149 Man__Isl.150 Marshall.151 Martiniq.152 Mauritan.153 Mauritiu.154 Mayotte.155 Mexico.156 Micrones.157 Midway_I.158 Moldova.159 Monaco.160 Mongolia.161 Montserr.162 Morocco.163 Mozambiq.164 Namibia.165 Nauru.166 Navassa_.167 Nepal.168 Netherla.169 New_Cale.170 New_Zeal.171 Nicaragu.172 Niger.173 Nigeria.174 Niue.175 Norfolk_.176 Northern.177 Norway.178 Oman.179 Pacific_.180 Pakistan.181 Palau.182 Palmyra_.183 Panama.184 Papua_Ne.185 Paracel_.186 Paraguay.187 Peru.188 Philippi.189 Pitcairn.190 Poland.191 Portugal.192 Puerto_R.193 Qatar.194 Reunion.195 Romania.196 Russia.197 Rwanda.198 Saint_He.199 Saint_Ki.200 Saint_Lu.201 Saint_Pi.202 Saint_Vi.203 San_Mari.204 Sao_Tome.205 Saudi_Ar.206 Senegal.207 Serbia_a.208 Seychell.209 Sierra_L.210 Singapor.211 Slovakia.212 Slovenia.213 Solomon_.214 Somalia.215 South_Af.216 South_Ge.217 Spain.218 Spratly_.219 Sri_Lank.220 Sudan.221 Suriname.222 Svalbard.223 Swazilan.224 Sweden.225 Switzerl.226 Syria.227 Tajikist.228 Tanzania.229 Thailand.230 Togo.231 Tokelau.232 Tonga.233 Trinidad.234 Tromelin.235 Tunisia.236 Turkey.237 Turkmeni.238 Turks_an.239 Tuvalu.240 Uganda.241 Ukraine.242 United_A.243 United_K.244 United_S.245 Uruguay.246 Uzbekist.247 Vanuatu.248 Venezuel.249 Vietnam.250 Virgin_I.251 Wake_Isl.252 Wallis_a.253 West_Ban.254 Western_.255 World.256 Yemen.257 Zaire.258 Zambia.259 Zimbabwe.260 Taiwan.261 TAIWAN - Passport required. Visa not required for stay up to 5 days. AIDS test mandatory for anyone staying over 3 months; U.S. test sometimes accepted. For business travel, longer stays or other information contact Coordination Council for North American Affairs (CCNAA), 4201 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016-2137 (202/895-1800). Additional offices are in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Guam, Honolulu, Houston, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL INFORMATION - Taiwan ============================================================ Taiwan - Consular Information Sheet February 27, 1995 Country Description: Taiwan is continuing its transition toward democracy and has a strong and well-developed economy. Tourist facilities are widely available. Entry Requirements: A passport is required. Visas are not required for stays up to fourteen days, provided that the traveler's passport is valid for at least six months from the date of arrival, and the traveler is in possession of a return air ticket. Visas for stays of up to two months are free of charge and must be obtained prior to entry. For specific visa information, travelers may contact the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO), 4201 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016-2137; telephone: (202) 895-1800. TECRO also has offices in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Guam, Honolulu, Houston, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle. Medical Facilities: Health facilities in Taiwan are fully adequate for routine medical treatment. Doctors and hospitals may expect immediate cash payment for health services. U.S. medical insurance is not always valid outside the United States. Supplemental overseas medical insurance, including coverage for medical evacuation, has proven useful. The Medicare/Medicaid program does not provide payment of medical services outside the United States. The international traveler's hotline at the Centers for Disease Control (404) 332-4559 has additional useful health information. Information on Crime: The overall crime rate on Taiwan is low. Residential burglaries and thefts are the predominant types of crimes which affect foreigners on Taiwan, but other more serious street crimes do occasionally occur. Generally, U.S. citizen visitors to Taiwan should follow the basic security precautions that they would follow in a large city. Local police assistance throughout Taiwan is considered to be good. Local police departments all have foreign affairs sections which are normally staffed by English-speaking officers. Police contact numbers for the major cities on Taiwan are as follows: Taipei - (02) 556-6007, Kaohsiung - (07) 221-5796, Tainan - (06) 222-9704, Taichung - (04) 220-3032. Some foreign businesses have also been the victims of criminal extortion attempts. The loss or theft abroad of a U.S. passport should be reported immediately to the local police, and to the American Institute in Taiwan, in either the Taipei or the Kaohsiung office. Useful information on guarding valuables and protecting personal security while traveling abroad is provided in the Department of State pamphlet, "A Safe Trip Abroad". It is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Drug Penalties: Travelers are subject to the laws and legal practices of the country or area in which they travel. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs are strict, and convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and/or large fines. Registration: Americans who register at the American Institute in Taiwan may obtain updated information on travel and security within Taiwan. The American Institute in Taiwan does not issue U.S. passports directly; passport applications are sent to the American Consulate General in Hong Kong for processing. Processing time for U.S. passports takes three weeks. If immediate travel is necessary, the American Institute in Taiwan can issue a travel letter for travel to Hong Kong or the U.S., but not for any other destination. Embassy Location: Unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan are conducted through the American Institute in Taiwan whose offices are authorized by law to perform American citizen services. For assistance, U.S. citizen travelers can contact the American Institute in Taiwan at No. 7 Lane 134, Hsin Yi Road Section 3 Taipei, Taiwan; Telephone: (886-2) 709-2000 or the American Institute in Taiwan at No. 2 Chung Cheng 3rd Road, 5th floor, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, telephone: [886-7] 224-0154. In case of emergencies after working hours, the duty officer at Taipei can be contacted at (886-2) 709-2013. No. 95-033 This replaces the Consular Information Sheet dated September 19, 1994, provides current requirements for entry into Taiwan, and introduces the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO), formerly known as the Coordination Council for North American Affairs (CCNAA). ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- The "travel-advisories@stolaf.edu" mailing list is the official Internet and BITNET distribution point for the U.S. State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets. To unsubscribe, send a message containing the word "unsubscribe" to: travel-advisories-request@stolaf.edu Archives of past "travel-advisories" postings are available at the URL: "http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html" or via Gopher: gopher.stolaf.edu, Internet Resources/US-State-Department-Travel-Advisories Show Map x8dot3 Mandarin Chinese Num_Background Num_Economics Num_HumanRights TAIWAN Jp6pM xpnpf language +3co+3D"3 O?I[I?On z<[?I5IM5 d5< z5<55< yI55IDWSV5 [e5[I5n< S w, #> w, #> s_dialogWindow fontName pixelsToDlgUnits s_DialogTemplate fontPtSize buildDialogHeader .'+ +F .'+ +F ,"J Y + , / + , / + , / + , / + , / ,"J@Y + , / + , / ,"J Y + , / + , / + , / + , / Only 100 dialog controls are allowed. 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SearchHere WWW: http://Wayzata-Tech.com Technical Support: e-mail: TechSupport@Wayzata-Tech.com phone: 1(800) 377-7321 TechnicalSupport Fax: (218) 326-0598 WWW: http://Wayzata-Tech.com Sales/Customer Service: 1(800) 735-7321 Telephone: (218) 326-0597 Others 326-0598" * ^ ! {O { , *! ^ 0 ! & * * !* * ! ! , ~ ^ * * * .& * & ! & 80 * * *! ! ! ^ ! ~ * * * * ! * & ~ & & & ! , & , & ! & & & ! & & _ & & , & & & &. & , ! , & & & & , !F ! .& && & ! & , ! ! /T/A6A/ %A/T/%/T/%I PHOTOS TBK MOVIES TBK LRGTEXT TBK WFB1995 EXE MAIN TBK mp), textiles, gold mining Agriculture: most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and about half of exports; sugar and rice are key crops; development potential exists for fishing and forestry; not self-sufficient in food, especially wheat, vegetable oils, and animal products Economy Illicit drugs: transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to the US and Europe; producer of cannabis Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $116 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $325 million; Communist countries 1970-89, $242 million Currency: 1 Guyanese dollar (G$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Guyanese dollars (G$) per US$1 - 142.7 (January 1995), 138.3 (1994), 126.7 (1993), 125.0 (1992), 111.8 (1991), 39.533 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year Transportation Railroads: total: 100 km NA-m gauge industrial lines for the transport of minerals, including bauxite Highways: 7,665 km paved: 550 km unpaved: gravel 5,000 km; earth 2,115 km Inland waterways: 6,000 km total of navigable waterways; Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo Rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively Ports: Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika Merchant marine: total: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,317 GRT/2,558 DWT Airports: 54 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 34 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 14 Communications Telephone system: over 27,000 telephones; fair system for long distance calling local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay network for trunk lines international: tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 1 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA Defense Forces Branches: Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 198,665; males fit for military service 150,573 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP se expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP fense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP fense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP fense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP fense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP fense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP fense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP fense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP se expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP enditures: $NA, NA% of GDP enditures: $NA, NA% of GDP enditures: $NA, NA% of GDP expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP xpenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP xpenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP Adventure Category Go There Arcade Board Games Card Games Casino Educational = True objectFromPoint(pLoc) = xName = "" "Country List" "Background" "Human Rights" "Economics" "Travel Topics" "Terror Groups" "Charts" "Appendices" B"I_Country B"I_Background" = B"I_Human B"I_Economics" = B"I_Travel B"I_Terror B"I_Charts" = B"I_Appendices" = = False :HDMEDIAPATH S:\movies :CDMEDIAPATH 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